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Academic literature on the topic 'Coronary heart disease Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Coronary heart disease Australia"

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Hipsley, E. H. "CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN AUSTRALIA." Nutrition Reviews 16, no. 5 (April 27, 2009): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1958.tb00715.x.

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Chew, Derek P., Robert Carter, Bree Rankin, Andrew Boyden, and Helen Egan. "Cost effectiveness of a general practice chronic disease management plan for coronary heart disease in Australia." Australian Health Review 34, no. 2 (2010): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09742.

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Background.The cost effectiveness of a general practice-based program for managing coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in Australia remains uncertain. We have explored this through an economic model. Methods.A secondary prevention program based on initial clinical assessment and 3 monthly review, optimising of pharmacotherapies and lifestyle modification, supported by a disease registry and financial incentives for quality of care and outcomes achieved was assessed in terms of incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER), in Australian dollars per disability adjusted life year (DALY) prevented. Results.Based on 2006 estimates, 263 487 DALYs were attributable to CHD in Australia. The proposed program would add $115 650 000 to the annual national heath expenditure. Using an estimated 15% reduction in death and disability and a 40% estimated program uptake, the program’s ICER is $8081 per DALY prevented. With more conservative estimates of effectiveness and uptake, estimates of up to $38 316 per DALY are observed in sensitivity analysis. Conclusions.Although innovation in CHD management promises improved future patient outcomes, many therapies and strategies proven to reduce morbidity and mortality are available today. A general practice-based program for the optimal application of current therapies is likely to be cost-effective and provide substantial and sustainable benefits to the Australian community. What is known about this topic?Chronic disease management programs are known to provide gains with respect to reductions in death and disability among patients with coronary heart disease. The cost effectiveness of such programs in the Australian context is not known. What does this paper add?This paper suggests that implementing a coronary heart disease program in Australia is highly cost-effective across a broad range of assumptions of uptake and effectiveness. What are the implications for practitioners? These data provide the economic rationale for the implementation of a chronic disease management program with a disease registry and regular review in Australia.
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Zheng, Henry, Fred Ehrlich, and Janaki Amin. "Productivity Loss Resulting from Coronary Heart Disease in Australia." Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 8, no. 3 (May 2010): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11530520-000000000-00000.

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McElduff, Patrick, Annette J. Dobson, Konrad Jamrozik, and Michael S. T. Hobbs. "Opportunities for control of coronary heart disease in Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 25, no. 1 (February 2001): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2001.tb00545.x.

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Beaglehole, Robert. "Coronary heart disease trends in Australia and New Zealand." International Journal of Cardiology 22, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5273(89)90128-9.

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HEATHCOTE, C. R., C. KEOGH, and T. J. O'NEILL. "The Changing Pattern of Coronary Heart Disease in Australia." International Journal of Epidemiology 18, no. 4 (1989): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/18.4.802.

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Wolkow, Alexander, Kevin Netto, Peter Langridge, Jeff Green, David Nichols, Michael Sergeant, and Brad Aisbett. "Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Volunteer Firefighters in Victoria, Australia." Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 69, no. 2 (November 9, 2013): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2012.750588.

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Hardes, G. R., A. J. Dobson, D. M. Lloyd, and S. R. Leeder. "Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Trends and Related Factors in Australia." Cardiology 72, no. 1-2 (1985): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000173837.

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Nedkoff, Lee, Raphael Goldacre, Melanie Greenland, Michael J. Goldacre, Derrick Lopez, Nick Hall, Matthew Knuiman, Michael Hobbs, Frank M. Sanfilippo, and F. Lucy Wright. "Comparative trends in coronary heart disease subgroup hospitalisation rates in England and Australia." Heart 105, no. 17 (April 4, 2019): 1343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314512.

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BackgroundPopulation-based coronary heart disease (CHD) studies have focused on myocardial infarction (MI) with limited data on trends across the spectrum of CHD. We investigated trends in hospitalisation rates for acute and chronic CHD subgroups in England and Australia from 1996 to 2013.MethodsCHD hospitalisations for individuals aged 35–84 years were identified from electronic hospital data from 1996 to 2013 for England and Australia and from the Oxford Region and Western Australia. CHD subgroups identified were acute coronary syndromes (ACS) (MI and unstable angina) and chronic CHD (stable angina and ‘other CHD’). We calculated age-standardised and age-specific rates and estimated annual changes (95% CI) from age-adjusted Poisson regression.ResultsFrom 1996 to 2013, there were 4.9 million CHD hospitalisations in England and 2.6 million in Australia (67% men). From 1996 to 2003, there was between-country variation in the direction of trends in ACS and chronic CHD hospitalisation rates (p<0.001). During 2004–2013, reductions in ACS hospitalisation rates were greater than for chronic CHD hospitalisation rates in both countries, with the largest subgroup declines in unstable angina (England: men: −7.1 %/year, 95% CI −7.2 to –7.0; women: −7.5 %/year, 95% CI −7.7 to –7.3; Australia: men: −8.5 %/year, 95% CI −8.6 to –8.4; women: −8.6 %/year, 95% CI −8.8 to –8.4). Other CHD rates increased in individuals aged 75–84 years in both countries. Chronic CHD comprised half of all CHD admissions, with the majority involving angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention.ConclusionsSince 2004, rates of all CHD subgroups have fallen, with greater declines in acute than chronic presentations. The slower declines and high proportion of chronic CHD admissions undergoing coronary procedures requires greater focus.
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Redfern*, Julie, and Clara K. Chow*. "Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in Australia: a blueprint for reform." Medical Journal of Australia 198, no. 2 (February 2013): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja12.11080.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coronary heart disease Australia"

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Wilson, Andrew. "Ethnicity, coronary heart disease risk and platelet aggregation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1996. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27600.

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Objectives: Part A. To analyse existing risk-factor studies in the population of Sydney for differences in established risk factors, particularly smoking, blood pressure and blood lipids, between Southern-European-born migrants and Australian-born subjects. Part B. To examine a sample of Southern-European and Australia-born men without current CHD, of similar socio-economic background to: i. Compare factors relating to haemostasis and coagulation which have been reported as predictive of CHD risk, especially platelet aggregability, fibrinogen and Factor VIIc levels. ii. Compare other measures of haemostasis and coagulation which have been reported as varying among ethnic groups. iii. Examine the determinants of platelet aggregability, especially the nutrient content of their usual diet. iv. Examine the relations among established risk factor for CHD and measures of platelet aggregability.
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Sherriffs, Natalie J. "Risk factors for coronary heart disease and mediation by socio-economic status : An analysis of the 1995 National Health Survey." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/748.

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As the leading cause of death and disease in Australia, Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) places a significant burden on society. There are many lifestyle factors that are known to increase the risk of CHD. This study looks at both risk factors and protective factors of CHD. Research also shows CHD prevalence to be predicted by socio-economic status (SES) variables. This study aims to identify the extent to which risk and protective factors predict CHD prevalence in an Australian National survey and whether the association between risk factors and CHD is confounded by SES variables. This study used data from the 1995 National Health Survey (NHS/1995) to evaluate known risk factors as well as the mediating effect of SES factors. Risk factors included regular cigarette smoking, physical activity and alcohol consumption. SES variables are education, income, occupation, and an index of socio-economic disadvantage based on residence. Two dependent variables for CHO used in the analysis are the first health condition reported in medical consultation and the reported use of Heart Disease I Blood Pressure (HD/BP) medications. The results indicated that ex-smokers were more likely to report CHD than those who had never smoked and those who were current smokers. Those who engaged in regular exercise were less likely to report CHD. There were no conclusive results for alcohol consumption. While income and SEIFA index, a measure of SES of residential areas, are associated with CHD prevalence, these associations are independent of the risk and protective factor associations. There is no evidence from this study that SES variables confound the effects of known risk and protective factors. The implications of these results are discussed.
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Mannan, Haider Rashid. "Development and use of a Monte Carlo-Markov cycle tree model for coronary heart disease incidence-mortality and health service usage with explicit recognition of coronary artery revascularization procedures (CARPs)." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0101.

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[Truncated abstract] The main objective of this study was to develop and validate a demographic/epidemiologic Markov model for population modelling/forecasting of CARPs as well as CHD deaths and incidence in Western Australia using population, linked hospital morbidity and mortality data for WA over the period 1980 to 2000. A key feature of the model was the ability to count events as individuals moved from one state to another and an important aspect of model development and implementation was the method for estimation of model transition probabilities from available population data. The model was validated through comparison of model predictions with actual event numbers and through demonstration of its use in producing forecasts under standard extrapolation methods for transition probabilities as well as improving the forecasts by taking into account various possible changes to the management of CHD via surgical treatment changes. The final major objective was to demonstrate the use of model for performing sensitivity analysis of some scenarios. In particular, to explore the possible impact on future numbers of CARPs due to improvements in surgical procedures, particularly the introduction of drug eluting stents, and to explore the possible impact of change in trend of CHD incidence as might be caused by the obesity epidemic. ... When the effectiveness of PCI due to introduction of DES was increased by reducing Pr(CABG given PCI) and Pr(a repeat PCI), there was a small decline in the requirements for PCIs and the effect seemed to have a lag. Finally, in addition to these changes when other changes were incorporated which captured that a PCI was used more than a CABG due to a change in health policy after the introduction of DES, there was a small increase in the requirements for PCIs with a lag in the effect. Four incidence scenarios were developed for assessing the effect of change in secular trends of CHD incidence as might be caused by the obesity epidemic in such a way that they gradually represented an increasing effect of obesity epidemic (assuming that other risk factors changed favourably) on CHD incidence. The strategy adopted for developing the scenarios was that based on past trends the most dominant component of CHD incidence was first gradually altered and finally the remaining components were altered. iv The results showed that if the most dominant component of CHD incidence, eg, Pr(CHD - no history of CHD) levelled off and the trends in all other transition probabilities continued into future, then the projected numbers of CABGs and PCIs for 2001-2005 were insensitive to these changes. Even increasing this probability by as much as 20 percent did not alter the results much. These results implied that the short-term effect on projected numbers of CARPs caused by an increase in the most dominant component of CHD incidence, possibly due to an ?obesity epidemic, is small. In the final incidence scenario, two of the remaining CHD incidence components-Pr(CABG - no history of CHD) and Pr(CHD death - no CHD and no history of CHD) were projected to level off over 2001-2005 because these probabilities were declining over the baseline period of 1998-2000. The projected numbers of CABGs were more sensitive (compared to the previous scenarios) to these changes but PCIs were not.
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Jin, Kai. "Cardiovascular health among Chinese immigrants in Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19605.

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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major health issue for immigrants in Western countries. However, little is known about cardiovascular health among Chinese immigrants, the largest non-English speaking group in Australia. This thesis aims to explore cardiovascular risk among Chinese immigrants. Firstly, the incidence of CHD and outcome after first CHD diagnosis was determined through systematic review and meta-analysis. Secondly, survey data from the 45 and Up Study examined prevalence of CHD and risk factors among Chinese immigrants compared to other Australians, and acculturation effects on their cardiovascular risk. Finally, a family-centred descriptive, qualitative study explored socio-ecological influences on Chinese immigrants’ engagement with CHD prevention. The systematic review and meta-analysis found Chinese immigrants in Western countries had lower CHD incidence compared with Whites (OR=0.29; P<0.001), yet had higher short-term mortality after CHD events compared with Whites (OR=1.34; P<0.05). The 45 and Up Study data showed higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese Australians, including higher prevalence of current smoking, physical inactivity and diabetes and worse cardiovascular risk profiles. Those who migrated as either a child or adolescent were particularly at risk for diabetes and overweight/obesity. The qualitative findings identified important barriers and facilitators for effective CHD prevention and care among Chinese immigrants. Barriers included individual factors such as health knowledge deficits, widespread non-adherence to primary prevention medication and low English proficiency. The cardiovascular health of Chinese immigrants is influenced by complex individual, environmental and contextual exposure during their life course, both in their country of origin and in their new country. This thesis identifies important gaps in CHD prevention and calls for culturally-specific preventive programs.
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Zheng, Henry Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Walking interventions to prevent coronary heart disease in Australia - quantifying effect size, dose-response and cost reductions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Public Health & Community Medicine, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44750.

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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the single largest cause of death in Australia. Lack of physical activity is a primary risk factor for CHD. The thesis aimed to quantify the efficacy of walking in reducing CHD risk. Meta-analyses were performed for the quantification with the application of random-effect meta-regression models. The thesis also aimed to quantify reductions in CHD-related direct healthcare costs, productivity loss and disease burden resulting from walking interventions in Australia, using the population attributable fraction model, the work and leisure models, and the consumer surplus model. Economic evaluations were also conducted to estimate CHD-related productivity loss using the human capital and the friction methods. The results indicated that 30 minutes of normal walking a day for 5-7 days a week compared to physical inactivity reduced CHD risk by 24%. There existed a dose-response relationship between walking and CHD risk reduction. An increment of approximately 30 minutes of normal walking a day for 5 days a week reduced CHD risk by 19%. The annual productivity loss resulting from CHD was estimated at AU$1.79 billion based on the human capital method and AU$25.05 million under the friction method. 30 minutes of normal walking a day for 5-7 days a week by the country???s ???sufficient??? walking population was shown to generate an estimated $126.73 million in net direct healthcare savings annually. The net economic savings could increase to AU$419.9 million if the whole inactive population engaged in ???sufficient??? walking. The study also found that 30 minutes of normal walking a day for 5-7 days a week reduced the burden of CHD by an estimated 25,065 DALYs and the productivity loss by AU$162.65 million annually under the leisure model. If the whole inactive population engaged in such walking, the total disease burden and productivity loss could be reduced by approximately one third. The findings present epidemiological and economic evidence in support of the national physical activity guidelines, which encourage the general public to engage in moderate physical activity including walking for a minimum of 30 minutes a day for 5-7 days a week.
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Wang, Sarah. "Retinal vessel pathology and ocular disease burden in patients with cardiovascular disease: the Australian Heart Eye Study." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18011.

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Background: A series of population-based studies across the world over the last half century have confirmed that retinal microvascular signs can predict clinical coronary heart disease. There is also increasing recognition that coronary microvascular dysfunction may play a role in coronary heart disease. Existing studies, however, lack a substantial proportion of individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) within their respective study samples, and rarely assess CAD using objective indices of disease extent and severity as quantified by coronary angiography. Extant literature also focuses more on the role of retinopathy and retinal vessel calibre, whereas this thesis also turns its attention to methods of quantifying the retinal vascular architecture using newer retinal vessel geometric measures like Df, curvature tortuosity, and branching angle. The rationale for the use of these retinal vessel geometric measures is that they add to the growing array of non-invasive research tools to probe the microcirculation. In this way, they serve as an excellent surrogate for the systemic microcirculation, and could even be used as a prediction tool for cardiovascular disease.1 There is growing interest in the means by which coronary microvascular dysfunction play a role in cardiovascular disease, particularly in women. People with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome who undergo coronary catheterisation and angiography but are found to have minimal quantitative evidence for CAD (cardiac syndrome X) also pose a diagnostic dilemma. This group has been assumed to have coronary microvascular dysfunction, but confirming this diagnosis has been difficult due to the lack of non-invasive modalities to image the coronary microcirculation. The retina provides exactly such a means of visualising the microcirculation, affording an in vivo window into the structure and function of the human circulation and its role in cardiovascular disease pathology. Thus, this thesis attempts to explore this unique link between retinal pathology with CAD and other cardiovascular disease, as well as to examine the association between common ocular conditions and CAD. Objectives: (i) To determine the prevalence of retinal vessel measures (retinal arteriolar narrowing and venular widening), as well as common ocular conditions, in a unique clinical sample of patients with or at high risk of CAD; (ii) to assess the associations between CAD, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension with retinal microvascular signs/ocular conditions — including retinal vessel measures, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), epiretinal membrane (ERM), and cataract. The end goal was to identify new modifiable risk factors for CAD and other systemic vascular disease, as well as retinal and other ocular pathology. Methods: The Australian Heart Eye Study (AHES) is a cross-sectional observational study that surveyed 1680 participants who presented to a tertiary referral hospital for the evaluation of potential CAD by coronary angiography. The objective of the study was to evaluate the associations of retinal microvascular signs with angiographically confirmed CAD. The candidate received training in Singapore in order to utilise a semi-automated computer-assisted program developed by the National University of Singapore and Singapore Eye Research Institute known as Singapore ‘I’ Vessel Assessment (SIVA version 1.0) to quantitatively assess a range of retinal vascular geometric measures from digital fundus photographs. With the assistance of another trained grader, the candidate graded the AHES photographs using SIVA by following a standardised protocol, masked to patient characteristics.2, 3 Fractal dimension (Df) was calculated from skeletonised line tracings using a box-counting method, which divided each photograph into a series of squares of various side lengths.4 Df was defined as the gradient of logarithms of the number of boxes and the size of those boxes.5, 6 The more complex the branching pattern, the greater the Df. Curvature tortuosity was derived from the integral of the curvature square along the path of the vessel, normalised by the total path length.7 This took into account bowing and points of inflection,8 in contrast with simple tortuosity, which fails to distinguish between increased length due to bowing and that due to multiple points of inflection.9 The straighter the vessel, the lower the tortuosity value.8 Retinal arteriolar tortuosity and retinal venular tortuosity were thus a measure of the average tortuosity of the arterioles and venules in the eye, respectively. Retinal vascular branching angle was defined as the first angle subtended between two daughter vessels at each vascular bifurcation.8, 10 Retinal arteriolar branching angle and retinal venular branching angle quantify the average branching angles of arterioles and venules of the eye, respectively.4 Retinal vessel calibre measures were also obtained using retinal grading software.11, 12 Average retinal arteriolar and venular calibres were calculated using the Knudtson-Hubbard formula and presented as central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) or central venular equivalent (CRVE), respectively.13 A combined retinal score was constructed to attempt to reflect the joint effect of multiple retinal vessel parameters on CAD using those variables that were most strongly significant in multivariate analysis — Df, arteriolar curvature tortuosity, and retinal arteriolar calibre. Each of these variables were considered in binary terms (above or below the median), giving a total of eight possible combinations of these variables. Those combinations with all three variables above their respective medians were assigned a combined retinal score of 0, while those combinations with all three variables below their respective medians were assigned a combined score of 2. All other combinations were assigned a score of 1. AMD is the leading cause of blindness and low vision in older adults.14 The presence of early and late AMD was determined using the Wisconsin AMD Grading System.15 Early AMD prevalence was defined as the absence of late AMD and presence of either (i) large (0.125 mm diameter) indistinct soft or reticular drusen, or (ii) both large distinct soft drusen and retinal pigmentary abnormalities (hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation). Similarly, late AMD prevalence was defined as the presence of either neovascular or atrophic AMD in that eye. Neovascular AMD was defined as presence of serous or haemorrhagic detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or sensory retina, presence of subretinal or sub-RPE haemorrhage, or subretinal fibrosis. Atrophic AMD was defined as a discrete area, at least 175 µm in diameter, of retinal depigmentation characterised by a sharp border and presence of visible choroidal vessels.16 “Any AMD” prevalence was defined as the presence of either early or late AMD.17 The classification and grading system for ERM was the same as in the baseline Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES-1),18 adopted from Klein et al.19 Two types of ERMs were identified: a more severe form, termed preretinal macular fibrosis (PMF), in which superficial retinal folds and traction lines were identified; and a less severe form termed cellophane macular reflex (CMR), without visible retinal folds. Eyes with both CMR and PMF present were classified as having PMF. As quantitative data on cataract was not available from the AHES, cataract surgery prevalence, as obtained from a detailed questionnaire, was used instead as a marker variable for cataract. CAD was quantified using objective scoring systems based on the severity and extent of coronary artery stenosis, as assessed from coronary angiography. The coronary artery segments were defined using the Syntax system, which divides the arterial tree into 16 segments, based on the modified American Heart Association (AHA) classification.20 For each segment, the severity of obstruction was documented using several grades: normal, 1-25%, 25-50%, 50-74%, 75-99% and 100% (occluded). Each lesion that was visually scored as greater than 50% luminal obstruction in a vessel that was ≥1.5mm diameter was further analysed using quantitative coronary analysis (QCA). The specific parameter used to quantify CAD are described in further detail in the Methodology chapter (2.1). Metabolic syndrome was defined as per the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel,26 please see Chapter 2.1 for further details. Results: Retinal vessel calibre Persons with metabolic syndrome (compared to without) had narrower retinal arteriolar calibre in multivariate analysis (mean difference 4.3 µm, p<0.0001). Similarly, those with hypertension (compared to without) had narrower retinal arteriolar calibre in multivariate analysis (mean arteriolar calibre difference 2.1 µm, p=0.02). This association was present among persons both with and without CAD (mean difference 5.0 µm, p=0.04). Stratification by sex indicated that women with hypertension had narrower retinal arterioles compared to normotensive women (multivariable-adjusted p=0.04). Retinal vascular geometric measures Retinal vascular Df and curvature tortuosity decreased with increasing age; women had significantly lower Df than men (p<0.003). Straighter retinal vessels were associated with CAD extent and Gensini scores in multivariate analysis (p<0.02). In sex-stratified multivariate analysis, straighter arterioles and narrower venular branching angles were associated with greater odds of overall CAD in men, while straighter venules were associated with CAD in women. Accounting for media opacity by sub-group analysis in pseudophakic patients, the combined retinal score was associated with stenosis greater than 50% in any coronary artery segment (vessel score) and obstructive coronary stenosis in all three main coronary arteries (segment score) (p=0.01). Lower Df and narrower arteriolar branching angle were associated with CAD vessel score (p<0.03). Other ocular conditions Prevalence of early and late AMD was 5.8% (n = 86) and 1.4% (n = 21), respectively. After multivariable adjustment, patients with obstructive coronary stenosis in all three main coronary arteries (segment score) had almost three-fold higher likelihood of early AMD, OR 2.67 (95% CI 1.24-5.78). CAD was not associated with late AMD. There were no significant associations between ERM or cataract surgery with CAD. However, prevalence of severe ERM — PMF — was significantly higher than the corresponding age-standardised prevalence in the BMES-1 (p<0.001). Overall prevalence of ERM was 7.0% (n = 115), with that of CMR and PMF each being 3.5%. Prevalence of cataract surgery was 13.1% (n = 218) in the AHES, with a mean age of 67.1 years. The prevalence of cataract surgery in this clinic-based cohort was significantly greater (p<0.0001) and the mean age was significantly lower (p≤0.0005) than that of the population-based cohort, the BMES-1. Conclusion: This thesis represents the largest clinic-based cohort that examined the associations between quantitatively-assessed CAD with and without coronary artery stenosis, and a wide spectrum of retinal microvascular signs and ocular diseases. These include retinal arteriolar narrowing, venular widening, Df, curvature tortuosity, branching angle, AMD, ERM, and cataract. No studies have as yet examined the relationship of retinal microvascular signs specifically to the presence, absence, extent, or severity of angiographically-assessed CAD. This data will assist in determining how we may infer retinal microvascular signs from differences in coronary vasculopathy. With regards to retinal vessel calibre, the candidate found that metabolic syndrome was independently associated with narrower retinal arterioles among those at high risk of CAD. As well, hypertension was independently associated with narrower retinal arterioles in those with and without CAD, both confirming and augmenting extant literature on this subject. In terms of retinal vascular geometric measures, this thesis provided some evidence to suggest that Df and curvature tortuosity are associated with CAD extent and severity, after accounting for the impact of media opacity. A sparser retinal microvascular network (smaller Df) was associated with older age and female sex. In regards to key ocular diseases in the AHES, severity of coronary stenosis and the presence of stenotic lesions were independently associated with AMD, specifically early AMD, in our cohort of patients presenting for coronary angiography to Westmead Hospital. While cardiovascular disease (specifically severity and extent of CAD) was not associated with ERM, this thesis presents evidence to suggest that there may be a greater prevalence of severe ERM (PMF) in a high cardiovascular risk cohort (specifically, the AHES), relative to population-based studies. This thesis also proposes that patients with cardiovascular risk factors have significantly younger age of onset and greater prevalence of cataract surgery than that of the general population, although severity and extent of CAD was not shown to be associated with prevalent cataract surgery. Overall, the findings of this thesis establish independent links between cardiovascular and ophthalmic pathology, that is, between macrovascular disease such as CAD, and both retinal vessel calibre and newer retinal vascular geometric microvascular signs. These findings help strengthen the ongoing hypothesis that non-invasive retinal and other ophthalmic imaging could be a useful adjunct to coronary angiography and other more conventional means of assessing cardiovascular disease.
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Gholizadeh, Leila. "The discrepancy between perceived and estimated absolute risks of coronary heart disease in Middle Eastern women : implications for cardiac rehabilitation." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/45659.

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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. While primary and secondary prevention programmes indisputably reduce the burden of CHD and increase quality of life, they are often underused, particularly by women and ethnic minorities. Lower referral rate, inaccessibility of services, being female, lack of support, insufficient income, impaired health literacy, inappropriateness of the programmes and the failure of health care organisations and programmes to provide culturally competent care to diverse racial, ethnic and cultural groups are some contributing factors. The use of health care services also appears to be influenced by perceived vulnerability to CHD. An individual’s subjective judgment about the characteristics and severity of a risk, that is the perception of risk, and causal attributions play an important role in responding to risk. Attitudes towards CHD risk and the associated risk factors such as smoking, diet, physical activity and obesity are mainly underpinned within cultural beliefs and practices. The value placed on adopting favourable health seeking behaviours, and a willingness to comply with medical advice are also often related to cultural beliefs, values and experiences. There is, therefore, a need to explore CHD risk perception in culturally diverse populations. Understanding these risks can help health practitioners tailor health messages and services more effectively to facilitate behaviour change in target groups, which is critical in the management of CHD. This thesis aimed to explore the relationship between Middle Eastern women’s perceived and estimated absolute risk of CHD to inform primary and secondary prevention programmes. This thesis comprised two discrete, yet interrelated studies and employed a mixed method to elicit the participants’ perception of general and personal CHD risk. Focus groups were used to capture the collective views of migrant Turkish, Persian and Arab Middle Eastern women about their perceptions of the risk of developing CHD, causal attributions and risk reducing behaviours. The three main themes that emerged from the focus group discussions were: (a) Middle Eastern women underestimated the risk of CHD; (b) stress is a pervasive factor in the lives of Middle Eastern women; and (c) Middle Eastern women face many barriers to reduce their risk of CHD. Participants’ biological, behavioural and socio-economical risk factors showed that the study participants were at increased CHD risk due to high prevalence of some risk factors such as high blood cholesterol level, obesity, inactivity and psychological distress. Yet, the participants underestimated their personal CHD risk and perceived themselves to be at increased risk of psychological disorders such as depression. Further, those who perceived some level of increased CHD risk attributed it more to their psychological status rather than life style factors. Underestimation of the risk, inaccurate causal attributions, low socio-economic status and low health literacy accompanied with lack of culturally and linguistically competent programmes to assist women in protecting their cardiovascular health are some identified barriers to CHD risk reducing behaviours among Middle Eastern women. Findings of this study have significant implications for cardiac rehabilitation services to develop culturally and linguistically competent programmes to communicate Middle Eastern women while taking into account cultural differences in beliefs and traditions, socioeconomic status and health literacy. These differences should be considered in CR design, implementation and evaluation.
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Brouilette, Scott Wayne. "Telomeres and coronary heart disease." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29899.

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Using mean telomere length as a marker of biological age, I show that: 1. Subjects with premature myocardial infarction (MI) have significantly shorter telomeres than age-sex matched, healthy, controls. The mean telomere length in MI subjects was similar to controls almost 11 years older. 2. Healthy young adult children of families with a strong history of premature MI have shorter telomeres than age matched children of families without such a history. 3. Shorter telomere lengths are associated with increase risk of subsequent CHD events in a prospective study. This analysis was carried out on samples collected in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS). This randomised blinded trial was designated to examine the benefits of statin treatment on preventing CHD and showed a 30% reduction of events in those treated with pravastatin. Interestingly, my analysis showed that this benefit of statin is only seen in those subjects at higher risk of CHD based on their telomere length.;As the final part of the thesis I carried out a quantitative linkage trait (QTL) analysis in sib-pairs in an attempt to identify genetic loci regulating telomere length. I report the mapping of a major QTL on chromosome 12 that determines almost 50% of the inter-individual variation in mean telomere length.;These findings support a novel "telomere" hypothesis of CHD. They indicate that telomere biology is intimately linked to the genetic aetiology and pathogenesis of CHD. Specifically, the findings suggest that (i) those individuals born with shorter telomeres may be at increased risk of CHD (ii) rather than individual genes, a more global structural property of the genetic material may explain the familial basis of CHD (iii) variation in telomere length may explain, in part, the variable age of onset of CHD. The findings provide several new avenues for future research.
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Lee, Chi-hang. "Microvascular obstruction following percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery disease." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43278723.

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Danesh, John. "Chronic infection and coronary heart disease." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326020.

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Books on the topic "Coronary heart disease Australia"

1

Mathur, Sushma. Epidemic of coronary heart disease and its treatment in Australia. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2002.

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The Australian women's weekly healthy heart cookbook. Sydney: ACP Books, 2006.

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Mathur, Sushma. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with coronary heart disease: Further perspectives on health status and treatment. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2006.

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Mathur, Sushma. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with coronary heart disease: Further perspectives on health status and treatment. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2006.

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Mathur, Sushma. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with coronary heart disease: Summary report : further perspectives on health status and treatment. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2006.

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National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting for Scotland. Coronary heart disease. Edinburgh: The Board, 1998.

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Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom. Committee on Health Promotion. Coronary heart disease. London: Faculty of Community Medicine of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom, 1988.

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National Dairy Council. Nutrition Service. Coronary heart disease. London: National Dairy Council, 1993.

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Coronary heart disease. New Hyde Park, N.Y: Medical Examination Pub. Co., 1985.

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Vlodaver, Zeev, Robert F. Wilson, and Daniel J. Garry, eds. Coronary Heart Disease. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1475-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coronary heart disease Australia"

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Rothstein, William G. "The Peak and Decline of the Pandemic in Canada, England and Wales, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand." In The Coronary Heart Disease Pandemic in the Twentieth Century, 108–23. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203704226-11.

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Bergersen, Lisa, Susan Foerster, Audrey C. Marshall, and Jeffery Meadows. "Coronary Angiography." In Congenital Heart Disease, 143–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77292-9_23.

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Whang, William. "Coronary Heart Disease." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 557–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_396.

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Whang, William. "Coronary Heart Disease." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 503–5. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_396.

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Gaff, Lisa. "Coronary heart disease." In Dietetic and Nutrition Case Studies, 146–49. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119163411.ch38.

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Tsuboi, Hirohito, Katsunori Kondo, Hiroshi Kaneko, and Hiroko Yamamoto. "Coronary Heart Disease." In Social Determinants of Health in Non-communicable Diseases, 41–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1831-7_5.

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Feuerstein, Michael, Elise E. Labbé, and Andrzej R. Kuczmierczyk. "Coronary Heart Disease." In Health Psychology, 317–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0562-8_10.

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Gorog, Diana. "Coronary Heart Disease." In The Interventional Cardiology Training Manual, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71635-0_1.

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Marie, Philippe, and Norma Whittaker. "Coronary Heart Disease." In Disorders and Interventions, 88–115. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-21399-9_6.

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Whang, William. "Coronary Heart Disease." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1–3. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6_396-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coronary heart disease Australia"

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Wright, FL, M. Greenland, R. Goldacre, D. Lopez, M. Goldacre, M. Hobbs, M. Knuiman, FM Sanfilippo, and L. Nedkoff. "P60 Comparative trends in coronary heart disease subgroup hospitalisation rates in england and australia: a population-based observational study, 1996–2013." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.211.

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Walsh, Peter W., Craig McLachlan, Leigh Ladd, and R. Mark Gillies. "Novel Extra Aortic Counterpulsation Device for Enhancing Cardiac Performance." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53699.

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Heart failure is the fastest growing cardiovascular disorder. Incidence is rising at a rate of approximately 2% to 5% in people over 65 years of age, and 10% in people over 75 years of age [1]. Over 13 Million people suffer from heart failure in the USA, Europe, Canada and Australia, and heart failure is a leading cause of hospital admissions and re-admissions in Americans older than 65 years of age [2]. The secondary heart pump system is the expansion and recoil of the aorta which reduces heart load and drives left coronary artery blood flow. Increases in aortic stiffness are a result of elastin degradation due to ageing and/or cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis [3–5], which increase heart load and pulse pressure [6–10]. Significantly higher aortic stiffness is found in hypertensive and heart failure suffers [6,7,9–11]. Specifically, healthy aged subjects have been found to have aortic stiffness 50% higher relative to subjects in a young and healthy group, while symptomatic hypertensive patients in heart failure have aortic stiffness further increased by approx. 77% relative to the age matched healthy cohort (i.e. by ∼88% relative to the young and healthy group) [11].
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Riyaz, Lubna, Muheet Ahmed Butt, and Majid Zaman. "Ensemble Learning for Coronary Heart Disease Prediction." In 2022 International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (CONIT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/conit55038.2022.9848292.

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Pareek, Vishakha, and R. K. Sharma. "Coronary heart disease detection from voice analysis." In 2016 IEEE Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sceecs.2016.7509344.

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Lin, Shisong, Xiaodong Zhuang, Shiyun Huang, Yahui Liu, Linlin Shen, and Xinxue Liao. "Face Analysis for Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosis." In 2019 12th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp-bmei48845.2019.8966020.

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Mangathayaru, Nimmala, B. Padmaja Rani, V. Janaki, Lakshmi Sowmya Kotturi, Manasa Vallabhapurapu, and G. Vikas. "Heart Rate Variability for Predicting Coronary Heart Disease using Photoplethysmography." In 2020 Fourth International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-smac49090.2020.9243316.

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Runjing, Zhou, and Li Keyang. "Fisher classifier in diagnosis of coronary heart disease." In 2011 4th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2011.6100787.

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Gonsalves, Amanda H., Fadi Thabtah, Rami Mustafa A. Mohammad, and Gurpreet Singh. "Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease using Machine Learning." In the 2019 3rd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3342999.3343015.

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Ni, Jinhao, and Guanghua Ren. "Statistical Analysis of Factors Influencing Coronary Heart Disease." In 2022 14th International Conference on Computer Research and Development (ICCRD). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccrd54409.2022.9730221.

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Li Xia, Fu Yifei, Bai Jing, Tian xin, and Li Fangjie. "Complexity analysis on heart rate variability of coronary heart disease patients." In 2008 International Conference on Technology and Applications in Biomedicine (ITAB). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itab.2008.4570590.

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Reports on the topic "Coronary heart disease Australia"

1

Dong, Guoqi, Mengye Lu, Xiaoliang Wu, Hao Chen, Hongru Zhang, and Yihuang Gu. Network meta-analysis of Traditional Chinese medicines for depression in coronary heart disease patients. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.5.0036.

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Wienke, Andreas, Anne M. Herskind, Kaare Christensen, Axel Skytthe, and Anatoli I. Yashin. The influence of smoking and BMI on heritability in susceptibility to coronary heart disease. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2002-003.

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Cai, Ruping, Yuli Xu, and Qiang Su. Meta-analysis of blood lipid reduction for patients with coronary heart disease by combination of pitavastatin and ezetimibe. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.5.0072.

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Ghambaryan, Anna. Heart Rate Variability, Catecholamine and Hemodynamic Responses During Rest and Stress in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: The PIMI Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1013978.

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Pan, JianLue, Pangning Huang, Yuanwen Zhang, RongFa Huang, QiuCen Chen, and HuiBing Chen. Commonly Traditional Chinese Medicine in treatment of Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease with Anxiety and Depression: a network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.4.0124.

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Wang, Yali, Yong Liu, Ziqu Zhang, and Yuyun Zhai. Effect of anti-helicobacter pylori treatment on coronary atherosclerotic heart disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0125.

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Ma, ZiJun, Jun Chen, KaiQin Jin, and Xin Chen. Efficacy and safety of colchicine in patients with coronary heart disease : a meta-Analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0086.

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Liu, Chao, Jing Bai, Lanchun Liu, Jialiang Gao, and Jie Wang. Effectiveness and safety of Yufengningxin for treating coronary heart disease angina: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.11.0040.

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Shi, Hongshuo, Zunhao Tang, and Yan Liu. The Effect and Safety of Xuefu Zhuyu Prescription for Coronary Heart Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0077.

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Wang, Guanyu, Feiran Li, and Xu Hou. Complementary and alternative therapies for stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0066.

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