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Journal articles on the topic 'Coronary disease'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Nurmamadovna, Ishankulova Nasiba. "Coronary Heart Disease." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 03, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume03issue02-04.

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The article covers the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, clinical picture and treatment of coronary heart disease, provides a literature review. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of death among women as well as men. The number of deaths due to CVD in women are greater than in men. There are significant gender-related differences concerning CVD.

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Akgül, Engin. "A Secret Enemy of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Depression." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 2, Reports in Surgery and Dermatolo (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.depression-in-coronary-artery-disease.

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Shakhnoza, Iskandarova, and Amilova Asalya. "PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 04, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume04issue04-05.

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Primary prevention, based on healthy lifestyle habits that prevent the emergence of risk factors, is the preferred method of reducing cardiovascular risk. Reducing the prevalence of obesity is the most urgent task, and it is pleiotropic in that it affects blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose metabolism, inflammation, progression of atherothrombotic disease. Physical activity also improves several risk factors, with the added potential to lower heart rate.

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Ashem Laikangbam Shaini, Niketa. "Serum Testosterone Levels and Coronary Artery Disease." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 4 (April 5, 2023): 1807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23428011625.

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5

Windecker, S. "CORONARY DISEASE: Intervention in coronary artery disease." Heart 83, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.83.4.481.

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Sharma, Vinod. "Incidental Coronary Artery Disease on Routine CT Coronary Angiography –An evidence-based approach." Clinical Cardiovascular Research 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-5917/005.

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Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is the leading cause of high morbidity and mortality across the globe [1]. Coronary CT angiography has emerged as a highly accurate non-invasive diagnostic modality for the diagnosis of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease [2]. Coronary CT angiography should be considered as an alternative to stress imaging technique for ruling out atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in patients with the lower range of intermediate pre-test probability for atherosclerotic stable coronary artery disease. However, coronary CT angiography is not recommended as a screening test in asymptomatic individuals without clinical suspicion of coronary artery disease. CT Coronary angiography has been performed routinely before many of the cardiac and non-cardiac procedures like TAVI, atrial fibrillation ablation prior to the organ transplantation. Many a times, advised by Family Physician or patients themselves for a routine screening for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease undergo CT coronary angiography. When incidental atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is found in such patients who do not have any typical or atypical symptom suggestive of coronary artery disease then question arises how to approach this patient as far as the risk estimation for future adverse cardiovascular event and prognostication is concerned. It also becomes imperative to decide the line of management for this patient. To answer these two pertinent questions, we need to understand the behavior and natural history of atherosclerosis & performance of CT coronary angiography in diagnosis and in predicting the prognosis of atherosclerotic disease.

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MD, Mohamed Abdelaal. "Prevalence of Significant Coronary Artery Disease in Rheumatic Heart Disease Patients Undergoing Preoperative Coronary Angiography, Tanta University Hospital Experience." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 02 (February 3, 2017): 17338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i2.19.

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8

Singh, Vinay. "Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Coronary Artery Disease Diabetic and Non Coronary Artery Disease Diabetic Patients in Northern India." Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine 05, no. 03 (July 12, 2018): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.7181.201816.

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9

Goldhaber, SamuelZ. "CORONARY DISEASE." Lancet 341, no. 8845 (March 1993): 599–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)90357-m.

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Sharp, David. "CORONARY DISEASE." Lancet 341, no. 8836 (January 1993): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92493-d.

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11

Gulnara, Asadova, and Djamalov Abdurakhman. "REMEDIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS CORONARY HEART DISEASES." Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences 03, no. 02 (February 1, 2023): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ejmns-v03-i02-p1-37.

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Prevention of coronary heart disease is a series of complex measures aimed at preventing the onset of the disease, the development and occurrence of possible (predictable) complications, which can be even fatal. Prevention of coronary heart disease is indicated for both sick people and healthy people who are at risk of developing the disease. Patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease are shown non-drug treatment, which is a complete or partial elimination of risk factors. Risk factors are any predisposing factors that increase the likelihood of developing or worsening a disease. Risk factors for coronary heart disease are fundamentally divided into removable and non-removable.

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Sudhakar, B. G. K. "Structural heart disease interventions." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 3, no. 5 (June 25, 2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/042.

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Seed for invasive cardiology was sown in early part of nineties. Cardiac catheterization was actually pioneered by Werner Forssmann in 1929. However, credit for therapeutic interventional cardiology should go to US vascular radiologist, Charles Theodore Dotter for performing first peripheral arterial angioplasty [PTA] in 1964. Subsequently, a German cardiologist by name Andreas Gruentzig adapted the technique in 1974 to suit coronary artery disease and performed the first human coronary balloon angioplasty to treat blockage in coronary artery in 1977.

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13

Rathore, Abhishek, Nitish Kumar Ranjan, Kanchanahalli Siddegowda Sadananda, and Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath. "Hematological Parameters for Predicting Coronary Artery Disease Severity." Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery 6, no. 1 (2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jcms.2454.7123.6120.1.

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14

B, Meena Preethi, Darshna R, and Sruthi R. "Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease Using Text Mining." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18401.

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15

Jha, Dr Sudha, Dr Naved Ahmad, Dr Surya Kant Nagtilak, and Dr Maheshwar Chawla. "Coronary Heart Disease, A Gift of Modern Civilization." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 11 (June 1, 2012): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/nov2013/122.

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16

Jency, C. Sahaya. "Chemerin: A Novel Biomarker of Coronary Artery Disease." Chettinad Health City Medical Journal 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202305.

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Introduction: Dysregulated secretion of adipokines causing adipose tissue dysfunction can contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-linked complications like atherosclerosis. Chemerin, a newly discovered adipokine, secreted by visceral adipose tissue and liver, is involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Elevated levels of chemerin in the blood have been associated with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Aim: To examine the chemerin levels in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, to determine its association with CAD, and to find the correlation of chemerin with HsCRP and other lipid parameters. Materials and Method: This is a cross-sectional study that included 100 participants divided into two groups namely, group I comprising CAD patients, and group II healthy individuals. Serum levels of chemerin were measured by ELISA. HsCRP were measured by immunoturbidimetry method. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), LDL and TC/ HDL ratios were calculated parameters. Results: Chemerin levels were significantly increased in CAD patients (48.66 ± 12.7) (ng/ml) compared to healthy controls (32.92 ± 17) (ng/ml) (p = 0.04). AIP was significantly increased in CAD patients (6.92 ± 3.10) compared to healthy controls (3.27 ± 1.42) (p = 0.000). Chemerin had a good correlation with AIP (p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of chemerin with the occurrence of CAD (OR = 1.09, 95% CI, p = 0.004). ROC curve obtained with the area under the curve being 0.79. Conclusion: Chemerin, a pro-inflammatory adipokine, could play an important role in atherosclerosis and can be used as a marker for the diagnosis of CAD patients

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Rahman, M., A. Sumin, and A. Ankudinov. "СОСТОЯНИЕ КОРОНАРНОГО РУСЛА ПРИ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ СЕРДЦА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ГИПОТИРЕОЗОМ." Baikal Medical Journal 2, no. 4 (December 25, 2023): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.57256/2949-0715-2023-4-64-71.

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Hypothyroidism is a significant aggravating factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, there are no practical recommendations for the management of this group to date. The main method of assessing the severity of coronary artery disease is a morphological assessment of the condition of the coronary arteries. The aim. To carry out comparative assessment of clinical parameters, including the state of the coronary bed in patients with coronary artery disease with newly diagnosed (without hormone replacement therapy) and primary manifest hypothyroidism compared with patients with coronary artery disease without hypothyroidism. Materials and methods. Two hundred and forty patients with CHD were examined. The study group included 90 patients with coronary heart disease and hypothyroidism, the comparison group consisted of 150 patients with coronary artery disease without thyroid pathology. A comprehensive examination of patients, including coronary angiography, was performed. The frequency of cases and characteristics of lesions of the coronary bed, the volume of interventions were assessed. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out in Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA). Results. In the study group (CHD and hypothyroidism), a statistically significantly increased level of myoglobin, a change in lipid profile parameters in relation to patients with CHD without hypothyroidism was found. In the group of patients with coronary artery disease and hypothyroidism, a predominance of the frequency of multivessel lesions of the coronary bed was revealed. The volume of surgical interventions between the examined patients did not reveal significant differences. Conclusion. Patients with coronary heart disease and hypothyroidism should be considered as a group of additional cardiovascular risk and require a more careful approach. It is possible to prescribe higher dosages of statins.

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18

Thorogood, Margaret. "Vegetarianism, coronary disease risk factors and coronary heart disease." Current Opinion in Lipidology 5, no. 1 (February 1994): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041433-199402000-00004.

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19

Gulyabin, Konstantin Robertovich. "Coronary heart disease." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 1 (2022): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2201-09.

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Coronary heart disease is of great clinical importance in medical practice. The development of medical science makes it possible to introduce new modern methods of treating this disease. One of these is coronary artery bypass grafting, a modern method of treating coronary heart disease, which allows to reliably increase myocardial perfusion and prolong the life expectancy of patients with coronary heart disease.

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Jiyanboyevich, Yuldashev Soatboy, Dr Imran Aslam, and Arslonova Rayxon Rajabboevna. "The Comparison Between Management Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 03, no. 06 (June 10, 2021): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume03issue06-29.

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This study is based on the comparison between management versus PCI in patients with CAD. The prevalence of the major forms of cardiovascular disease (CVDs), mostly coronary artery disease (CAD), has changed dramatically in recent years. Cardiovascular disorders are now the one of the major cause of death and disability in the world.1 In 2015, 17.7 million individuals died from cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is around 31% of all deaths worldwide; 7.4 million pass away from coronary artery disease (CAD), and 6.7 million expired from stroke. 2 CAD is also the major cause of death, count for 13.2% of all deaths globally.3 It is responsible for one-quarter of all deaths in the United States of America (USA). About 75 percent of people with CAD in European countries are between the ages of 27 and 34.4 CAD was accountable for 16% of all man deaths and 10% of all female deaths in the England.5 Sudden death and CAD have a close connection. According to post-mortem reports and death certificates, 62-85 percent of patients who expired outside of the clinic have a past of CAD.6 As per informations from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014, myocardial infraction affects 3.0% of the mature people in the USA (3.3 percent of males and 2.3 percent of females). An MI occurs every 40 seconds or so in the USA. In the USA, the mean age at 1st MI is 65.6 years for guys and 72.0 years for ladies.7 In this study the management and PCI are compared in patients with CVD.

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Sechtem, Udo, David Brown, Shigeo Godo, Gaetano Antonio Lanza, Hiro Shimokawa, and Novalia Sidik. "Coronary microvascular dysfunction in stable ischaemic heart disease (non-obstructive coronary artery disease and obstructive coronary artery disease)." Cardiovascular Research 116, no. 4 (February 8, 2020): 771–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa005.

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Abstract Diffuse and focal epicardial coronary disease and coronary microvascular abnormalities may exist side-by-side. Identifying the contributions of each of these three players in the coronary circulation is a difficult task. Yet identifying coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) as an additional player in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) may provide explanations of why symptoms may persist frequently following and why global coronary flow reserve may be more prognostically important than fractional flow reserve measured in a single vessel before percutaneous coronary intervention. This review focuses on the challenges of identifying the presence of CMD in the context of diffuse non-obstructive CAD and obstructive CAD. Furthermore, it is going to discuss the pathophysiology in this complex situation, examine the clinical context in which the interaction of the three components of disease takes place and finally look at non-invasive diagnostic methods relevant for addressing this question.

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22

Timmis, Adam. "Coronary Calcification and Coronary Artery Disease." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 56, no. 7 (August 2010): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.057.

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23

Otoom, Ahmed F., Ahmed Kefaye, Mohammad Ashour, Yousef Shanti, and Mohammad Al-Majali. "Real-Time Monitoring of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease." International Journal of Future Computer and Communication 4, no. 3 (2015): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijfcc.2015.v4.386.

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Mannikar, Vikrant A., Ratan Rathod, Shreyas Ravat, and Suheil Dhanse. "Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease." Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery 6, no. 1 (2020): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jcms.2454.7123.6120.7.

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25

McCullough, Peter A. "Coronary Artery Disease." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2, no. 3 (March 21, 2007): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.03871106.

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26

Lavie, Carl J., Gary Legwold, and Michael E. DeBakey. "Coronary heart disease." Postgraduate Medicine 102, no. 2 (August 1997): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1997.08.285.

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Teramoto, Tamio, Jun Sasaki, Shun Ishibashi, Sadatoshi Birou, Hiroyuki Daida, Seitaro Dohi, Genshi Egusa, et al. "Coronary Artery Disease." Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 21, no. 2 (2014): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5551/jat.19158.

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Williams, Samantha. "Coronary heart disease." Nursing Standard 19, no. 51 (August 31, 2005): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.19.51.67.s58.

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Iqbal, Usman Javed, Majid Kaleem, and Muhammad Imran Hanif. "CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 05 (May 10, 2015): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.05.1261.

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Background: Development of heart failure is always secondary to presenceof risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, age, smoking and underlying coronaryartery disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to find the frequency of risk factorsand coronary artery involvement in patients of heart failure after myocardial infarction. StudyDesign: A non-randomized cross sectional study. Setting: Gulab Devi Chest Hospital. Period:Six months. Methods: 100 patients was done. Using non probability (purposive) samplingtechnique; all patients with ages between 20 to 80 years, irrespective of gender, diagnosedwith heart failure (with ejection fraction ≤ 40%) secondary to STEMI were included in thestudy. Patients that were not having heart failure secondary to STEMI and those that hadn’ttheir coronary angiography done were excluded from the study. The data were analyzed usingSPSS Version 20. Descriptive statistics was used to see analyze the data. Results: Mean ageof patients was 52.61±10.2years. There was an overall male predominance (81%). Commonrisk factors that we observed were smoking (65%), hypertension (62%), diabetes (58%) andpositive family history (38%). In this study 51% patients had triple vessels disease, 15% patientshad double vessels disease and 34% patients had single vessel disease. Most common lesionwas of LAD following LCX, RCA and LMS. Conclusion: Our study conclude that coronaryartery disease is the main causative factor for the development of heart failure in patients ofmyocardial infarction and even a single vessel disease can lead to heart failure with severesystolic dysfunction. Most common associated risk factor was smoking, hypertension being thesecond most common following diabetes and positive family history.

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Ahmed, Munir. "CORONARY HEART DISEASE;." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 06 (December 10, 2014): 1171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.06.2250.

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Objective: This study was done to find any correlation among total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol estimated in serum of offsprings of coronary heart disease patients. Study Design: A cross sectional comparative study. Patients and Methods: Two hundred and fifty (250) subjects having parents with coronary heart disease were selected from Punjab Institute of Cardiology Lahore. The serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were estimated. Coefficient of variation was calculated to find whether observations in one series vary correspondingly with observations in another series. Results: Highly significant positive correlation was found between total cholesterol and triglycerides, and, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Highly significant negative correlation was found between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Correlation between TG and LDL-c was also significant. Conclusions: Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol have strong association with one and other. For prediction, prevention and management of coronary heart disease it is important to estimate and observe the correlation among these parameters.

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Bhalli, Muhammad Asif, Lal Badshah, and Momin Ali Babar. "CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 02 (February 10, 2015): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.02.1396.

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Objectives: To determine the frequency of risk factors of coronary artery disease(CAD) in healthy male paramedical staff of our hospital. Study Design: Descriptive study. Placeand Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology and National Institute of HeartDiseases, Rawalpindi, from January 2009 to June 2009. Methodology: Three Sixty Three (363)healthy male paramedical staff members were studied. Patients with heart disease, chronic liverand kidney diseases were excluded. Presence of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia,physical activity, a family history of (CAD) and medication was documented. Fasting bloodglucose, lipid profile, uric acid levels were done. Body mass index and waist circumferencewere measured and Waist to Hip ratio calculated. Data was analysed using SPSS-20. Ten yearrisk was calculated using Heart Score software. Results: Mean age of subjects was 31.85 ±8.10 years. Maximum number of patients (152, 41.9%) aged between 31 to 40 years. Smokingwas documented in 76 (20.9%), hypertension in 26 (7.2%), diabetes in 27 (7.4%) and a familyhistory of premature CAD was recorded in 26 (7.2%) persons. Eighty (22.01%) patients wereoverweight (BMI = 25-29.9) while 26 (7.2%) were obese (BMI >30). Waist circumference > 94cm was found in 79 (21.8%). High cholesterol (>200 mg/dl) was documented in 33 (9.1% ) ,high LDL( >100 mg/dl ) in 68 (18.7% ), low HDL in 92 (25.4%) and high triglycerides (>150mg /dl) in 116(32%) persons. Conclusions: Dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, hypertension anddiabetes were most frequent risk factors. Public awareness to control risk factors can reducethe prevalence of CAD.

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AHMED, MUNIR, and MOHAMMAD TAYYIB. "CORONARY HEART DISEASE." Professional Medical Journal 16, no. 01 (March 10, 2009): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2009.16.01.2988.

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O b j e c t i v e s : This study was conducted to perform serum lipid profile in off springs of premature coronary heart disease(CHD) patients and age and sex matched normal controls and compare the results of two groups. S t u d y d e s i g n : A cross sectional study.Patients a n d m e t h o d s : 250 off springs of diagnosed premature CHD patients were selected from Punjab institute of cardiology, Lahoreand Services hospital, Lahore. 50 age and sex matched normal controls were selected from different areas of Lahore. Serum totalcholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG) serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDC-c) and serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c) was performed. Results: Serum TC, TG, LDL-c of off springs of premature CHD patients was increased as compared with normalcontrols. Serum HDL-c of all the subjects of off springs of premature CHD patients was decreased as compared with normal controls.C o n c l u s i o n : Off springs of premature CHD patients are more prone to develop lipid abnormalities as compared with normal controls.

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MUHAMMAD, FIDA, Nadeem Hayat Mallick,, ABDUL REHMAN ABID, AJAZ AHMAD, and Shahid Imran. "CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE." Professional Medical Journal 16, no. 02 (June 10, 2009): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2009.16.02.2894.

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Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the pattern of clinical presentation, risk factors and angiographic findingsin young males presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study wasconducted at the Cardiology Department, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore from May 2005 till February 2006. After fulfilling the inclusioncriteria 200 male patients <40 years with coronary artery disease (CAD) were studied. Results: Mean age of the study population was31.5±9.2 years with an age range of 31 to 40 years. Most common risk factor was smoking present in 60% patients. Family history ofischemic heart disease (IHD) was present in 44.5% patients, hyperlipidemia in 35.5% patients, hypertension in 25.5% and diabetes mellitusin 17.5% of patients.Common mode of clinical presentation was AMI 42.5% patients. Left anterior descending (LAD) was diseased in 73.5%,followed by Left Circumflex (LCx) 51% and Right Coronary Artery (RCA) in 39% patients. Left Main Stem (LMS) disease occurred in 9.5%patients. Good left ventricular (LV) systolic function was observed in 38%, moderate LV systolic function in 34% and poor LV systolic functionin 14.5% patients. Conclusion: Patients with premature coronary artery disease have unheralded acute onset of symptoms. Smoking isthe most common risk factor. Young patients have single vessel CAD with frequent involvement of LAD and commonly have good leftventricular systolic function.

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GILANi, MUHAMMAD SHAH. "CORONARY HEART DISEASE." Professional Medical Journal 15, no. 02 (March 10, 2008): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.02.2759.

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Objective: To assess the value of coronary events reflected by changesin R-wave amplitude after exercise.Setting: Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Duration. One year. Study Design: comparativestudy.Material and Methods: Sample size 146 patients.Sampling Technique: Convenient probability sampling done.Results: All patients were followed up for 6 months, during which time myocardial infarction and death of cardiovascularorigin were considered endpoints. The incidence of events in patients in whom R-wave amplitude decreased (normalresponse) and in those in whom R-wave amplitude did not change or increase (abnormal response) was compared.The incidence of coronary events in patients with a normal response was 23% and in those with an abnormal response,45.8% (p<0.01). Correlating the results with several non invasive and angiographic variables, an abnormal R-waveresponse showed a significantly higher rate of events in the subsets of patients with prior myocardial infarction, absenceof cardiomegaly, maximal functional capacity lower than 4 METs, maximal heart rate higher than 140 beats/min andabnormal left ventricular function. Conclusion: The changes in R-wave amplitude after exercise is a variable thatshould be taken into account when assessing the risk of future events in patients with coronary heart disease.

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Abbas, Shahid, Rehan Riaz, Imran Javaid, and Naeem Hameed. "CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 07 (July 3, 2017): 935–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.07.1017.

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Objectives: To determine the frequency of multivessel coronary artery disease(CAD) in patients suffering from inferior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI) having STsegment depression in anterior chest leads. Study Design: Cross Sectional Survey. Setting:Department of Cardiology, Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad. Period: December2013 to June 2014. Materials and Methods: After fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 120 patientswith acute inferior wall MI were studied. Patients were divided in two groups. Group I includedpatients with ST segments depression in leads V1-V3 and Group II with ST segment depressionin leads V4-V6. Age of patients ranged from 25 to 70 years. Results: The mean age was52.5±10.5 years. As regards sex distribution, 100 patients were male, 54 in Group I and 46in Group II. There were 20 female patients, 11 in Group I and 9 in Group II. Thirty six (30%)patients were diabetic, 22(33.8%) in Group I and 14(25.5%) in Group II. Forty five (37.5%)patients were hypertensive. Fifty two (43.3%) patients were smokers. Forty three (35.8%)patients had family history of ischemic heart disease, 25(38.5%) in Group I and 18(32.7%) inGroup II. Thirty five (29.2%) had hyperlipidemia, 20 (30.8%) in Group I and 15(29.2%) in GroupII. All patients underwent coronary angiogram. Thirty eight (31.7%) patients had single vesseldisease, 29(44.6%) patients in Group I and 9(16.4%) in Group II. Forty three (35.8%) patientshad double vessel coronary artery disease, 23 patients (35.4%) in Group I and 20(36.4%) inGroup II. Thirty nine (32.5%) had three vessel coronary artery disease, 13 (20%) in Group I and26 (47.3%) in Group II. Eighty three (69.2%) patients had multivessel coronary artery disease37(56.8%) in Group I and 46 (83.6%) in Group II (p value <0.002). Conclusion: The presence ofprecordial ST depression during acute inferior wall myocardial correlates well with multivesselCAD. Precordial ST-segment depression in acute inferior wall MI is related to anterior injury dueto LAD stenosis and these patients tend to have more severe CAD.

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Thakker, Ravi A., Jorge Rodriguez Lozano, Patricia Rodriguez Lozano, Afaq Motiwala, Umamahesh Rangasetty, Wissam Khalife, and Khaled Chatila. "Coronary Microvascular Disease." Cardiology and Therapy 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40119-021-00250-6.

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Garg, P., R. Ashrafi, J. Lagan, L. Feeney, P. Wong, E. Rodrigues, G. Davis, et al. "Coronary Artery Disease." European Heart Journal Supplements 14, suppl A (February 1, 2012): A1—A2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/sur020.

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Lush, David T. "Coronary artery disease." Postgraduate Medicine 91, no. 3 (February 15, 1992): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1992.11701234.

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Khambatta, Hoshang J., Hans Sonntag, Reinhard Larsen, Heidrum Stephan, J. Gilbert Stone, and Dietrich Kettler. "CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE." Anesthesiology 65, Supplement 3A (September 1986): A504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-198609001-00502.

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Oudkerk, M. "Coronary Artery Disease." Imaging Decisions MRI 7, no. 2 (July 2003): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1617-0830.2003.70201.x.

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Dauerman, Harold L. "Coronary Artery Disease." Coronary Artery Disease 24, no. 7 (November 2013): 535–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mca.0000000000000030.

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Sobel, Burton E. "Coronary Artery Disease." Coronary Artery Disease 1, no. 1 (January 1990): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019501-199001000-00001.

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Herman, Andrew. "Coronary artery disease." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 11, no. 2 (2013): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nme.0000426303.65238.4e.

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&NA;. "Coronary artery disease." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 11, no. 2 (2013): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nme.0000427391.03426.bb.

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Smith, Timothy W., and Arthur S. Leon. "Coronary Heart Disease." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 14, no. 3 (May 1994): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199405000-00013.

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Emery, Charles F. "Coronary Heart Disease." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 14, no. 3 (May 1994): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199405010-00013.

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Smith, T. W., A. S. Leon, and Robert G. McMurray. "Coronary Heart Disease." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26, no. 1 (January 1994): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199401000-00023.

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THOMPSON, PAUL D., FRANCIS J. KLOCKE, BENJAMN D. LEVINE, and STEVEN P. VAN CAMP. "Coronary artery disease." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26, Supplement (October 1994): S276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199410001-00010.

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Miller, D. Douglas, and Leslee J. Shaw. "Coronary Artery Disease." Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 21 (November 2006): S2—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005082-200611001-00002.

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&NA;. "Coronary Artery Disease." Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 21 (November 2006): S17—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005082-200611001-00003.

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