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Journal articles on the topic 'Corollary discharge'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Stark, Lawrence. "Space constancy and corollary discharge." Perception & Psychophysics 37, no. 3 (1985): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03207575.

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2

Sommer, Marc A., and Robert H. Wurtz. "Visual Perception and Corollary Discharge." Perception 37, no. 3 (2008): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5873.

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3

Feinberg, I. "Corollary Discharge, Hallucinations, and Dreaming." Schizophrenia Bulletin 37, no. 1 (2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbq115.

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4

Wurtz, Robert. "Corollary discharge in primate vision." Scholarpedia 8, no. 10 (2013): 12335. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.12335.

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5

Sommer, Marc A., and Robert H. Wurtz. "What the Brain Stem Tells the Frontal Cortex. II. Role of the SC-MD-FEF Pathway in Corollary Discharge." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 3 (2004): 1403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00740.2003.

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One way we keep track of our movements is by monitoring corollary discharges or internal copies of movement commands. This study tested a hypothesis that the pathway from superior colliculus (SC) to mediodorsal thalamus (MD) to frontal eye field (FEF) carries a corollary discharge about saccades made into the contralateral visual field. We inactivated the MD relay node with muscimol in monkeys and measured corollary discharge deficits using a double-step task: two sequential saccades were made to the locations of briefly flashed targets. To make second saccades correctly, monkeys had to internally monitor their first saccades; therefore deficits in the corollary discharge representation of first saccades should disrupt second saccades. We found, first, that monkeys seemed to misjudge the amplitudes of their first saccades; this was revealed by systematic shifts in second saccade end points. Thus corollary discharge accuracy was impaired. Second, monkeys were less able to detect trial-by-trial variations in their first saccades; this was revealed by reduced compensatory changes in second saccade angles. Thus corollary discharge precision also was impaired. Both deficits occurred only when first saccades went into the contralateral visual field. Single-saccade generation was unaffected. Additional deficits occurred in reaction time and overall performance, but these were bilateral. We conclude that the SC-MD-FEF pathway conveys a corollary discharge used for coordinating sequential saccades and possibly for stabilizing vision across saccades. This pathway is the first elucidated in what may be a multilevel chain of corollary discharge circuits extending from the extraocular motoneurons up into cerebral cortex.

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6

Thakkar, K. N., J. D. Schall, S. Heckers, and S. Park. "Disrupted Saccadic Corollary Discharge in Schizophrenia." Journal of Neuroscience 35, no. 27 (2015): 9935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0473-15.2015.

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7

Ford, Judith M., Max Gray, William O. Faustman, Brian J. Roach, and Daniel H. Mathalon. "Dissecting corollary discharge dysfunction in schizophrenia." Psychophysiology 44, no. 4 (2007): 522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00533.x.

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8

Crapse, Trinity B., and Marc A. Sommer. "Corollary discharge across the animal kingdom." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9, no. 8 (2008): 587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn2457.

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9

Person, Abigail L. "Corollary Discharge Signals in the Cerebellum." Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 4, no. 9 (2019): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.04.010.

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10

Subramanian, Divya, Anthony Alers, and Marc A. Sommer. "Corollary Discharge for Action and Cognition." Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 4, no. 9 (2019): 782–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.05.010.

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11

Bell, C. C., and K. Grant. "Sensory processing and corollary discharge effects in mormyromast regions of mormyrid electrosensory lobe. II. Cell types and corollary discharge plasticity." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 3 (1992): 859–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.3.859.

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1. This is the second of a series of papers on the electrosensory lobe and closely associated structures in electric fish of the family Mormyridae. The focus of the study is on the regions of the electrosensory lobe where primary afferent fibers from mormyromast electroreceptors terminate. 2. This second paper examines the responses of single cells in the mormyromast regions of the electrosensory lobe to electrosensory stimuli and to corollary discharge signals associated with the motor command that drives the electric organ to discharge. All recordings were extracellular. 3. Two major types of cells were identified: I cells, which were inhibited by electrosensory stimuli in the center of their receptive fields; and E cells, which were excited by such stimuli. 4. I cells and E cells shared a number of common features. Both types could have small receptive fields limited to only a few electroreceptors (3–5), and both types were markedly affected by the corollary discharge of the electric organ discharge (EOD) motor command. Cells of both types also showed clear plasticity in their responses to the corollary discharge or to the corollary discharge plus a stimulus. 5. I cells could be subdivided into three subtypes, I1, I2, and I3, on the basis of corollary discharge responses in the absence of sensory stimuli. I1 and I2 cells showed consistent corollary discharge bursts with little or no additional activity beyond the duration of the burst. The corollary discharge bursts of I1 cells were more stereotyped and of shorter latency than those of I2 cells. I3 cells had more spontaneous activity than I1 or I2 cells and minimal cells had more spontaneous activity than I1 or I2 cells and minimal corollary discharge responses in the absence of sensory stimuli. Field potentials indicated that all three subtypes of I cells were recorded in or near the ganglion layer of the electrosensory lobe. 6. Corollary discharge responses were plastic and depended on recent pairing of a sensory stimulus with the EOD motor command. Such plasticity was clearer in I2 and I3 cells than in I1 cells. Inhibitory sensory stimuli were paired with the EOD motor command for periods of a few seconds to several minutes. Such pairing resulted in a marked enhancement of the corollary discharge response in I2 cells, as shown by examining the effect of the motor command after turning off the stimulus. In I3 cells, such pairing resulted in a clear corollary burst to the command at the time of the previously paired inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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12

Poulet, J. F. A. "The Cellular Basis of a Corollary Discharge." Science 311, no. 5760 (2006): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1120847.

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13

Cavanaugh, J., R. A. Berman, W. M. Joiner, and R. H. Wurtz. "Saccadic Corollary Discharge Underlies Stable Visual Perception." Journal of Neuroscience 36, no. 1 (2016): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2054-15.2016.

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14

Taylor, J. G. "Does the corollary discharge of attention exist?" Consciousness and Cognition 21, no. 1 (2012): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.09.018.

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15

Crapse, Trinity B., and Marc A. Sommer. "Corollary discharge circuits in the primate brain." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 18, no. 6 (2008): 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2008.09.017.

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16

von der Emde, G., and C. C. Bell. "Nucleus preeminentialis of mormyrid fish, a center for recurrent electrosensory feedback. I. Electrosensory and corollary discharge responses." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 3 (1996): 1581–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1581.

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1. The nucleus preeminentialis (PE) is a large central structure that projects both directly and indirectly to the electrosensory lobe (ELL) where the primary afferents from electroreceptors terminate. PE receives electrosensory input directly from ELL and also from higher stages of the electrosensory pathway. PE is thus an important part of a central feedback loop that returns electrosensory information from higher stages of the system to the initial stage in ELL. 2. This study describes the field potentials and single-unit activity that are evoked in PE by electrosensory stimuli and by corollary discharge signals associated with the motor command that drives the electric organ to discharge. All recordings were extracellular in this study. 3. Two types of negative-going corollary discharge-evoked field potentials were found in PE: 1) a shallow, long-lasting negative wave with a latency at the peak of approximately 11 ms, and 2) a more sharply falling and larger negative wave with a shorter latency at the peak of approximately 9 ms. The long-latency wave was predominant in the dorsolateral and posterior parts of PE, whereas the short-latency wave was predominant in the medial and rostral regions. Both waves were only found in PE and thus can serve for its identification. 4. Electrosensory stimuli given either locally to a restricted skin region or symmetrically to the entire body evoked characteristic field potentials in both regions of PE. The mean latency between the stimulus and the peak of the response was 6.9 ms in the early negativity region and 12.2 ms in the late negative region. The responses to such stimuli were strongly facilitated by the electric organ corollary discharge. 5. Field potential responses to the electric organ corollary discharge were markedly plastic. Responses to the corollary discharge plus a paired electrosensory stimulus decreased over time and the response to the corollary discharge alone was markedly enhanced after a period of such pairing. 6. Local electrosensory stimulation of the skin showed that the caudal-rostral body axis is mapped from dorsal-medial to ventral-lateral in PE. The same somatotopy was found in the regions of the early and late negatives. The ventral and dorsal body appeared not to be separately mapped in PE. The areas representing the head and chin appendage ("Schnauzenorgan") are especially large in PE, due presumably to the high density of electroreceptors in these areas. 7. Two main types of units were recorded in PE: 1) inhibitory (I) cells with a corollary discharge response that was inhibited by an electrosensory stimulus to the center of their receptive fields; and 2) excitatory (E) cells with an excitatory response to electrosensory stimuli that was facilitated by the corollary discharge. Some of the E cells responded to the corollary discharge alone and some did not. Most cells appeared to be responding to input from mormyromast electroreceptors, but a few cells were driven by ampullary electroreceptors and a few by Knollenorgan electroreceptors. 8. The corollary discharge effects on I cells and E cells were plastic and depended on previous pairing with a sensory stimulus. The corollary discharge facilitation of E cells and inhibition of I cells decreased during pairing with a sensory stimulus, and the corollary discharge-driven excitation of I cells was much larger after pairing than before. 9. The results provide an initial overview of a major component in the control of electrosensory information processing by recurrent feedback from higher stages of the system.

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17

Wurtz, Robert H. "Corollary Discharge Contributions to Perceptual Continuity Across Saccades." Annual Review of Vision Science 4, no. 1 (2018): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-102016-061207.

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Our vision depends upon shifting our high-resolution fovea to objects of interest in the visual field. Each saccade displaces the image on the retina, which should produce a chaotic scene with jerks occurring several times per second. It does not. This review examines how an internal signal in the primate brain (a corollary discharge) contributes to visual continuity across saccades. The article begins with a review of evidence for a corollary discharge in the monkey and evidence from inactivation experiments that it contributes to perception. The next section examines a specific neuronal mechanism for visual continuity, based on corollary discharge that is referred to as visual remapping. Both the basic characteristics of this anticipatory remapping and the factors that control it are enumerated. The last section considers hypotheses relating remapping to the perceived visual continuity across saccades, including remapping's contribution to perceived visual stability across saccades.

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18

Ford, Judith M., Daniel H. Mathalon, Theda Heinks, Sontine Kalba, William O. Faustman, and Walton T. Roth. "Neurophysiological Evidence of Corollary Discharge Dysfunction in Schizophrenia." American Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 12 (2001): 2069–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.12.2069.

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19

Feinberg, Irwin. "Corollary Discharge and Psychosis—Origin of the Model." JAMA Psychiatry 75, no. 3 (2018): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4012.

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20

Ford, Judith M., and Daniel H. Mathalon. "Efference Copy, Corollary Discharge, Predictive Coding, and Psychosis." Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 4, no. 9 (2019): 764–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.07.005.

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21

Bell, C., K. Dunn, C. Hall, and A. Caputi. "Electric organ corollary discharge pathways in mormyrid fish." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 177, no. 4 (1995): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00187481.

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22

Bell, C., and G. von der Emde. "Electric organ corollary discharge pathways in mormyrid fish." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 177, no. 4 (1995): 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00187482.

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23

Poulet, James F. A., and Berthold Hedwig. "A corollary discharge maintains auditory sensitivity during sound production." Nature 418, no. 6900 (2002): 872–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature00919.

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24

Scott, Mark. "Corollary Discharge Provides the Sensory Content of Inner Speech." Psychological Science 24, no. 9 (2013): 1824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797613478614.

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25

Joiner, Wilsaan M., James Cavanaugh, Edmond J. FitzGibbon, and Robert H. Wurtz. "Corollary discharge contributes to perceived eye location in monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 10 (2013): 2402–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00362.2013.

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Despite saccades changing the image on the retina several times per second, we still perceive a stable visual world. A possible mechanism underlying this stability is that an internal retinotopic map is updated with each saccade, with the location of objects being compared before and after the saccade. Psychophysical experiments have shown that humans derive such location information from a corollary discharge (CD) accompanying saccades. Such a CD has been identified in the monkey brain in a circuit extending from superior colliculus to frontal cortex. There is a missing piece, however. Perceptual localization is established only in humans and the CD circuit only in monkeys. We therefore extended measurement of perceptual localization to the monkey by adapting the target displacement detection task developed in humans. During saccades to targets, the target disappeared and then reappeared, sometimes at a different location. The monkeys reported the displacement direction. Detections of displacement were similar in monkeys and humans, but enhanced detection of displacement from blanking the target at the end of the saccade was observed only in humans, not in monkeys. Saccade amplitude varied across trials, but the monkey's estimates of target location did not follow that variation, indicating that eye location depended on an internal CD rather than external visual information. We conclude that monkeys use a CD to determine their new eye location after each saccade, just as humans do.

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26

Bellebaum, Christian, Klaus-Peter Hoffmann, Benno Koch, Michael Schwarz, and Irene Daum. "Altered processing of corollary discharge in thalamic lesion patients." European Journal of Neuroscience 24, no. 8 (2006): 2375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05114.x.

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27

Raballo, Andrea, Eva Gebhardt, and Michele Poletti. "Corollary Discharge and Psychosis—Origin of the Model—Reply." JAMA Psychiatry 75, no. 3 (2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3837.

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28

Ford, Judith M., Brian J. Roach, and Daniel H. Mathalon. "Assessing corollary discharge in humans using noninvasive neurophysiological methods." Nature Protocols 5, no. 6 (2010): 1160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2010.67.

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29

Eliades, Steven J., and Xiaoqin Wang. "Corollary Discharge Mechanisms During Vocal Production in Marmoset Monkeys." Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 4, no. 9 (2019): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.06.008.

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30

Poulet, J. F. A. "Corollary discharge inhibition and audition in the stridulating cricket." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 191, no. 11 (2005): 979–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-005-0027-z.

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31

Skandalis, Dimitri A., Elias T. Lunsford, and James C. Liao. "Corollary discharge enables proprioception from lateral line sensory feedback." PLOS Biology 19, no. 10 (2021): e3001420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001420.

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Animals modulate sensory processing in concert with motor actions. Parallel copies of motor signals, called corollary discharge (CD), prepare the nervous system to process the mixture of externally and self-generated (reafferent) feedback that arises during locomotion. Commonly, CD in the peripheral nervous system cancels reafference to protect sensors and the central nervous system from being fatigued and overwhelmed by self-generated feedback. However, cancellation also limits the feedback that contributes to an animal’s awareness of its body position and motion within the environment, the sense of proprioception. We propose that, rather than cancellation, CD to the fish lateral line organ restructures reafference to maximize proprioceptive information content. Fishes’ undulatory body motions induce reafferent feedback that can encode the body’s instantaneous configuration with respect to fluid flows. We combined experimental and computational analyses of swimming biomechanics and hair cell physiology to develop a neuromechanical model of how fish can track peak body curvature, a key signature of axial undulatory locomotion. Without CD, this computation would be challenged by sensory adaptation, typified by decaying sensitivity and phase distortions with respect to an input stimulus. We find that CD interacts synergistically with sensor polarization to sharpen sensitivity along sensors’ preferred axes. The sharpening of sensitivity regulates spiking to a narrow interval coinciding with peak reafferent stimulation, which prevents adaptation and homogenizes the otherwise variable sensor output. Our integrative model reveals a vital role of CD for ensuring precise proprioceptive feedback during undulatory locomotion, which we term external proprioception.

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32

Bell, C. C., K. Grant, and J. Serrier. "Sensory processing and corollary discharge effects in the mormyromast regions of the mormyrid electrosensory lobe. I. Field potentials, cellular activity in associated structures." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 3 (1992): 843–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.3.843.

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1. This is the first of a series of papers on the electrosensory lobe and closely associated structures in electric fish of the family Mormyridae. The study describes the neuronal responses to sensory stimuli and to corollary discharge signals associated with the motor command that drives the electric organ discharge (EOD). The study is focused on the regions of the electrosensory lobe where primary afferent fibers from mormyromast electroreceptors terminate. 2. This first paper of the series describes the field potentials in the caudal lobe of the cerebellum and in the electrosensory lobe. It also describes the different types of unit activity in the caudal lobe of the cerebellum. Granule cells of the caudal lobe of the cerebellum provide the parallel fibers for most of the molecular layer of the electrosensory lobe. Determination of the input and responses of these cells is therefore an important part of the effort to understand the electrosensory lobe. 3. Corollary discharge field potentials evoked by the EOD motor command are very prominent in the caudal lobe of the cerebellum and in the electrosensory lobe. The potentials indicate that corollary discharge excitation affects first the granule cells of the caudal lobe and then, a few milliseconds later, the deeper cellular layers of the electrosensory lobe. The prominence and complexity of the field potentials indicate that corollary discharge signals have an important and varied role in the processing of electrosensory information by the mormyrid electrosensory lobe. 4. The field potentials evoked by electrosensory stimuli suggest that direct primary afferent excitation is limited to the granule and intermediate layers of the electrosensory lobe, as is indicated also by anatomic studies. 5. Proprioceptive units are the most common type of unit recorded in the granule cell region of the caudal lobe of the cerebellum (eminentia granularis posterior). These units have a regular discharge rate that changes tonically in response to slight bending of the trunk, bending of the tail, or bending of individual fins. Proprioceptive input will have a strong effect on the molecular layer of the electrosensory lobe and will thus modulate the responses of electrosensory lobe cells to electrosensory stimuli. Such proprioceptive input to the electrosensory lobe would allow the expected effects of body position changes to be accounted for in the processing of electrosensory information. 6. Units with stereotyped, short-latency corollary discharge bursts to the EOD motor command were the next most common type of unit in the eminentia granularis posterior. These corollary discharge units were not affected by sensory stimuli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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33

Parlikar, Rujuta, Anushree Bose, and Ganesan Venkatasubramanian. "Schizophrenia and Corollary Discharge: A Neuroscientific Overview and Translational Implications." Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 17, no. 2 (2019): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2019.17.2.170.

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34

Iwanami, Akira, Yuka Okajima, and Nobumasa Kato. "PO3.15 Auditory N1 Component and Corollary Discharge: A Topographical Analysis." Clinical Neurophysiology 120 (April 2009): S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(09)60133-4.

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35

Mathalon, Daniel H., and Judith M. Ford. "Corollary Discharge Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: Evidence for an Elemental Deficit." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 39, no. 2 (2008): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155005940803900212.

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36

Chagnaud, B. P., and A. H. Bass. "Vocal Corollary Discharge Communicates Call Duration to Vertebrate Auditory System." Journal of Neuroscience 33, no. 48 (2013): 18775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3140-13.2013.

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37

Heinks-Maldonado, Theda H., Daniel H. Mathalon, John F. Houde, Max Gray, William O. Faustman, and Judith M. Ford. "Relationship of Imprecise Corollary Discharge in Schizophrenia to Auditory Hallucinations." Archives of General Psychiatry 64, no. 3 (2007): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.3.286.

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38

Bellebaum, C., I. Daum, B. Koch, M. Schwarz, and K. P. Hoffmann. "The role of the human thalamus in processing corollary discharge." Brain 128, no. 5 (2005): 1139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh474.

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39

Cavanaugh, James, Kerry McAlonan, and Robert H. Wurtz. "Organization of Corollary Discharge Neurons in Monkey Medial Dorsal Thalamus." Journal of Neuroscience 40, no. 33 (2020): 6367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2344-19.2020.

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40

Henze, R., C. Goch, J. Richter, et al. "Corollary discharge, auditory hallucinations and schizophrenia – a structural network analysis." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S18—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.818.

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IntroductionCorollary discharges (CDs) are the reason most people cannot tickle themselves. They are the brain's way of distinguishing whether a stimulus is associated with one's own actions or something else. In neural terms, CDs are copies of motor plans that are propagated to sensory cortex where they can be compared with inputs. A range of phenomena associated with schizophrenia from auditory hallucinations to visual processing difficulties to the ability of patients to tickle themselves can be explained as pathologies in CD mechanisms. Auditory hallucinations for example involve patients failing to perceive themselves as the author of their own inner speech.Objectives and aimsTo test whether schizophrenia is associated with a structural network disruption that could impair CD signals involved in language processing, adolescents with schizophrenia were examined using magnetic resonance imaging and compared to healthy controls.MethodsA graph theoretical approach was used to analyse the connectivity in networks centered on:– Broca's area;– Wernicke's area.Connectivity information was acquired using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).ResultsCompared to healthy controls, adolescents with schizophrenia displayed a lower average degree of connectivity with the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area). No significant differences were found in the degree of connectivity with the right inferior frontal gyrus and the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally (Wernicke's area).ConclusionsThe results suggest a link between schizophrenia and impairment to areas where CDs associated with inner speech plausibly originate.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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41

Thakkar, Katharine N., and Martin Rolfs. "Disrupted Corollary Discharge in Schizophrenia: Evidence From the Oculomotor System." Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 4, no. 9 (2019): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.03.009.

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42

Kim, Jinsoo, Sylvia Guillory, Christopher McLaughlin, et al. "Temporal Aspects of Corollary Discharge Functioning in Adults With ASD." Biological Psychiatry 87, no. 9 (2020): S228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.591.

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43

Ford, Judith M., and Daniel H. Mathalon. "Corollary discharge dysfunction in schizophrenia: Can it explain auditory hallucinations?" International Journal of Psychophysiology 58, no. 2-3 (2005): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.014.

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44

Bell, C. C. "Sensory coding and corollary discharge effects in mormyrid electric fish." Journal of Experimental Biology 146, no. 1 (1989): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.146.1.229.

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Weakly electric fish use their electrosensory systems for electrocommunication, active electrolocation and low-frequency passive electrolocation. In electric fish of the family Mormyridae, these three purposes are mediated by separate classes of electroreceptors: electrocommunication by Knollenorgan electroreceptors, active electrolocation by Mormyromast electroreceptors and low-frequency passive electrolocation by ampullary electroreceptors. The primary afferent fibres from each class of electroreceptors terminate in a separate central region. Thus, the mormyrid electrosensory system has three anatomically and functionally distinct subsystems. This review describes the sensory coding and initial processing in each of the three subsystems, with an emphasis on the Knollenorgan and Mormyromast subsystems. The Knollenorgan subsystem is specialized for the measurement of temporal information but appears to ignore both intensity and spatial information. In contrast, the Mormyromast subsystem is specialized for the measurement of both intensity and spatial information. The morphological and physiological characteristics of the primary afferents and their central projection regions are quite different for the two subsystems and reflect the type of information which the subsystems preserve. This review also describes the electric organ corollary discharge (EOCD) effects which are present in the central projection regions of each of the three electrosensory subsystems. These EOCD effects are driven by the motor command that drives the electric organ to discharge. The EOCD effects are different in each of the three subsystems and these differences reflect differences in both the pattern and significance of the sensory information that is evoked by the fish's own electric organ discharge. Some of the EOCD effects are invariant, whereas others are plastic and depend on previous afferent input. The mormyrid work is placed within two general contexts: (a) the measurement of time and intensity in sensory systems, and (b) the various roles of motor command (efferent) signals and self-induced sensory (reafferent) signals in sensorimotor systems.

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45

Chen, Chi-Ming A., Daniel H. Mathalon, Brian J. Roach, Idil Cavus, Dennis D. Spencer, and Judith M. Ford. "The Corollary Discharge in Humans Is Related to Synchronous Neural Oscillations." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 10 (2011): 2892–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21589.

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How do animals distinguish between sensations coming from external sources and those resulting from their own actions? A corollary discharge system has evolved that involves the transmission of a copy of motor commands to sensory cortex, where the expected sensation is generated. Through this mechanism, sensations are tagged as coming from self, and responsiveness to them is minimized. The present study investigated whether neural phase synchrony between motor command and auditory cortical areas is related to the suppression of the auditory cortical response. We recorded electrocorticograms from the human brain during a vocalizing/listening task. Neural phase synchrony between Broca's area and auditory cortex in the gamma band (35 to ∼50 Hz) in the 50-msec time window preceding speech onset was greater during vocalizing than during listening to a playback of the same spoken sounds. Because prespeech neural synchrony was correlated (r = −.83, p = .006), with the subsequent suppression of the auditory cortical response to the spoken sound, we hypothesize that phase synchrony in the gamma band between Broca's area and auditory cortex is the neural instantiation of the transmission of a copy of motor commands. We suggest that neural phase synchrony of gamma frequencies may contribute to transmission of corollary discharges in humans.

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Schöneich, Stefan, and Berthold Hedwig. "Corollary discharge inhibition of wind-sensitive cercal giant interneurons in the singing field cricket." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 1 (2015): 390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00520.2014.

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Crickets carry wind-sensitive mechanoreceptors on their cerci, which, in response to the airflow produced by approaching predators, triggers escape reactions via ascending giant interneurons (GIs). Males also activate their cercal system by air currents generated due to the wing movements underlying sound production. Singing males still respond to external wind stimulation, but are not startled by the self-generated airflow. To investigate how the nervous system discriminates sensory responses to self-generated and external airflow, we intracellularly recorded wind-sensitive afferents and ventral GIs of the cercal escape pathway in fictively singing crickets, a situation lacking any self-stimulation. GI spiking was reduced whenever cercal wind stimulation coincided with singing motor activity. The axonal terminals of cercal afferents showed no indication of presynaptic inhibition during singing. In two ventral GIs, however, a corollary discharge inhibition occurred strictly in phase with the singing motor pattern. Paired intracellular recordings revealed that this inhibition was not mediated by the activity of the previously identified corollary discharge interneuron (CDI) that rhythmically inhibits the auditory pathway during singing. Cercal wind stimulation, however, reduced the spike activity of this CDI by postsynaptic inhibition. Our study reveals how precisely timed corollary discharge inhibition of ventral GIs can prevent self-generated airflow from triggering inadvertent escape responses in singing crickets. The results indicate that the responsiveness of the auditory and wind-sensitive pathway is modulated by distinct CDIs in singing crickets and that the corollary discharge inhibition in the auditory pathway can be attenuated by cercal wind stimulation.

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Poulet, J. F. A., and B. Hedwig. "A Corollary Discharge Mechanism Modulates Central Auditory Processing in Singing Crickets." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 3 (2003): 1528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.0846.2002.

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Crickets communicate using loud (100 dB SPL) sound signals that could adversely affect their own auditory system. To examine how they cope with this self-generated acoustic stimulation, intracellular recordings were made from auditory afferent neurons and an identified auditory interneuron—the Omega 1 neuron (ON1)—during pharmacologically elicited singing (stridulation). During sonorous stridulation, the auditory afferents and ON1 responded with bursts of spikes to the crickets' own song. When the crickets were stridulating silently, after one wing had been removed, only a few spikes were recorded in the afferents and ON1. Primary afferent depolarizations (PADs) occurred in the terminals of the auditory afferents, and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were apparent in ON1. The PADs and IPSPs were composed of many summed, small-amplitude potentials that occurred at a rate of about 230 Hz. The PADs and the IPSPs started during the closing wing movement and peaked in amplitude during the subsequent opening wing movement. As a consequence, during silent stridulation, ON1's response to acoustic stimuli was maximally inhibited during wing opening. Inhibition coincides with the time when ON1 would otherwise be most strongly excited by self-generated sounds in a sonorously stridulating cricket. The PADs and the IPSPs persisted in fictively stridulating crickets whose ventral nerve cord had been isolated from muscles and sense organs. This strongly suggests that the inhibition of the auditory pathway is the result of a corollary discharge from the stridulation motor network. The central inhibition was mimicked by hyperpolarizing current injection into ON1 while it was responding to a 100 dB SPL sound pulse. This suppressed its spiking response to the acoustic stimulus and maintained its response to subsequent, quieter stimuli. The corollary discharge therefore prevents auditory desensitization in stridulating crickets and allows the animals to respond to external acoustic signals during the production of calling song.

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Pack, Christopher C. "Eye Movements as a Probe of Corollary Discharge Function in Schizophrenia." ACS Chemical Neuroscience 5, no. 5 (2014): 326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cn5000869.

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Sun, Linus D., and Michael E. Goldberg. "Corollary Discharge and Oculomotor Proprioception: Cortical Mechanisms for Spatially Accurate Vision." Annual Review of Vision Science 2, no. 1 (2016): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-082114-035407.

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Poletti, Michele, Eva Gebhardt, and Andrea Raballo. "Corollary Discharge, Self-agency, and the Neurodevelopment of the Psychotic Mind." JAMA Psychiatry 74, no. 11 (2017): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2824.

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