Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Corner of a Foreign Field'

International students are often under considerable pressure from language barriers, culture shock, social isolation and lack of social support in American universities. Those stressors often discourage international students as ESL learners from practicing English with native students on campus. Based on Krashen & Terrell’s subconscious acquisition and conscious learning hypothesis, Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development , Cummins’ Basic Interpersonal Communication System (BICS) and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP), Horwitz’s language anxiety and Oxford’s indirect learning strategies , this study explores how international students and American students, respectively, perceive English Corner and whether English Corner could be an applicable out-of-class learning environment for international students to practice English and socialize with American students on American campuses. English Corner refers to regular meetings that English learners in Mainland China voluntarily organize in public places to practice spoken English. A survey was conducted on language learning strategies, socialization, acculturation, autonomy and English Corner among international students and native students at the University of North Texas. The questionnaires were adapted from Oxford and Nyikos’ study as to what variables affect choice of language learning strategies, Iheanacho’s study as to how international students use the Morris Library at the University of Delaware and their perception of library services and programs, and Battle’s study as to how information literacy instruction affects library anxiety among international students. The findings of this study may help American universities realize the importance of English Corner as one optimal intervention program for international students and American students. The support for English Corner may help international students improve their English learning, alleviate their language anxiety and create more opportunities for international students and native students to socialize with each other.

Thin film flow plays a significant role in several areas of engineering, geophysics and biophysics and has important application in nanofluidics and microfluidics, coating flows. The aim of this thesis is to study the behaviour of the liquid layer when it passes through a convex corner in the presence of a uniform electric field acting normal to it. Three dimensionless parameters, Reynolds number (R), electric Weber number (We) and capillary number (C) are used to study the dynamics and stability of the liquid layer. The Reynolds number (R) is considered large throughout. The electric Weber number (We) occurs due to the contribution of electric field. The problem is studied in the context of triple deck theory. Liquid layer flows over a convex corner in absence of an electric field has already been discussed in Gajjar [4] where surface tension effects were ignored. The present problem is modification in Gajjar problem [4] by introducing an electric field in it and using the capillary number (C) to keep the surface tension effects. The governing equations lead to a novel triple-deck problem and expressions for linearized solutions are derived analytically. Also, linear and non-linear numerical solutions are obtained for various limiting cases of the electric Weber number and capillary number.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to navigate the complexity of change in the field of foreign language education. The study follows ethnographic guidelines. Thus, it aims at analysing various learning and teaching situations and, additionally, at offering possibilities for new reflections and practices. The empirical cases of the study have been analysed with nexus analysis. The multiple data include, for example, answers to online surveys, videos, various presentations, papers and learning journals by students as well as ethnographic observation. The study will map the main development of foreign language education in Finland, the major views on learning and on the related research in the field. In addition, the study presents five nexus-analytic explorations within foreign language education and discusses the findings of these cases. The five nexus-analytic cases were conducted during four years. The research participants were pupils, language students and teachers as well as education authorities of foreign language education. The research cases aimed at answering two research questions: (1) “What kinds of motives do the research participants ascribe for foreign language learning and teaching?” and (2) “What kinds of discourses, interaction order and historical bodies emerge in the research cases?” These questions provided answers to the main goal of the research; to gain understanding about factors which contribute to the complexity of change in foreign language education. The findings of the research suggest that change is challenging both in formal education and in teacher education. However, some changes are needed in order to have innovative new language teachers who can motivate young foreign language learners in the spirit of life-long learning and plurilingualism in the future, too. The study has implications for language teacher education, material and curriculum design and for language teachers’ practical work. Additionally, the study presents examples of working methods, which may be used in designing new teaching practices. Finally, the study offers insight of the use of nexus analysis as a concrete research tool
Tiivistelmä Tämän väitöstyön tarkoitus on kartoittaa muutoksen monimutkaisuutta vieraiden kielten koulutuksessa. Työ noudattaa etnografisia suuntaviivoja. Näin ollen se pyrkii analysoimaan erilaisia oppimis- ja opetustilanteita sekä tarjoamaan mahdollisuuksia uusille reflektioille ja käytänteille. Työssä esitetyt empiiriset osatutkimukset on analysoitu neksusanalyysin avulla. Monipuolinen aineisto sisältää esimerkiksi internet-kyselyn vastauksia, videoita, erilaisia opiskelijoiden tekemiä esityksiä, tutkielmia ja oppimispäiväkirjoja sekä etnografisia havaintoja. Väitöstyössä luodaan katsaus vieraiden kielten koulutuksen kehitykseen Suomessa, kielenopetuksen taustalla vaikuttaneisiin oppimisteorioihin sekä alan tutkimukseen. Lisäksi esitellään väitöskirjan viisi neksusanalyyttistä osatutkimusta ja analyysin tuottamat johtopäätökset. Työssä esitetyt viisi neksusanalyyttistä tutkimusta suoritettiin neljän vuoden aikana. Tutkimuksiin osallistui oppilaita, kieltenopiskelijoita ja -opettajia sekä viranomaisia kielikoulutuksen alalta. Tutkimusten avulla pyrittiin vastaamaan kahteen tutkimuskysymykseen: (1) Millaisia motiiveja tutkimukseen osallistujat tuottavat vieraiden kielten oppimiselle ja opettamiselle? ja (2) Millaisia diskursseja, vuorovaikutusjärjestyksiä ja henkilöhistorioita nousee esiin osatutkimuksissa? Näiden kysymysten avulla saavutettiin tutkimuksen päätavoite eli kartutettiin ymmärrystä siitä, millaisia tekijöitä muutoksen monimutkaisuuteen liittyy vieraiden kielten koulutuksessa. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että muutos on haasteellista sekä formaalissa koulutuksessa että opettajankoulutuksessa. Muutoksia kuitenkin tarvitaan, jotta meillä olisi innovatiivisia kieltenopettajia motivoimaan nuoria kielten opiskelijoita elinikäisen oppimisen ja monikielisyyden hengessä myös tulevaisuudessa. Työn tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää kieltenopettajien koulutuksessa, oppimateriaalin sekä opetussuunnitelmien suunnittelussa. Tämän lisäksi työssä on esimerkkejä työmuodoista, joita voi soveltaa vieraiden kielten opetuksessa. Lopuksi, työssä esitetään, kuinka neksusanalyysi toimii konkreettisena tutkimustyökaluna sekä muutoksen edistäjänä

Each day, foreign language teachers are faced with issues that render the control of the K-12 classroom challenging, at best, and virtually impossible at worst. Even preservice foreign language teachers, those going through a teacher education program towards K-12 licensure, understand that no content can be taught or learned if there is mayhem in the classroom environment. Effective classroom management practices are often what consume these teachers' time and energy, even before the first page of the textbook is turned. However, it would be an error to over-generalize foreign language teachers' challenges with classroom management in an effort to introduce possible solutions without first considering the uniqueness of this particular teaching and learning environment. It was the researcher's contention that the foreign language classroom is unlike any other, and thus thrusts its teachers, both preservice and in-service, into management situations that are rare or non-existent in the classrooms of other subject areas. The purpose of this longitudinal study, therefore, was to describe five foreign language teachers' experiences with classroom management and to identify the distinct issues they have faced, both during their student teaching semester and currently as in-service teachers. The data gathered from the five subjects' weekly reflective journals and teaching philosophies, their observations of other classrooms, responses to a questionnaire, interviews, and observational field notes were analyzed qualitatively using a case study approach. The study confirmed that these foreign language teachers often contended with issues that were exclusive to their teaching field. Target language usage, the systemic lack of respect for the study of foreign language, and the inclusion of students who were heritage speakers of the language being taught were among the issues most commonly cited by these five teachers, and were shown to have a significant impact on student behavior, motivation, and attitude. Many teacher education programs already offer courses that explicitly present appropriate classroom management strategies. However, data from this study suggest that a further breakdown of how foreign language classroom management may differ from other subject areas may ultimately enable foreign language teacher educators to better prepare and better support both their preservice and in-service teachers.

Current ESL instructors and theorists agree that university students of ESL have a need for a large passive vocabulary. This research was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of a semantic field approach to passive vocabulary acquisition in comparison to a traditional approach. A quantitative analysis of the short-term and long-range results of each approach is presented. Future research and teaching implications are discussed. The outcome of the experimentation lends tentative support to a semantic field approach.

There has been significant academic criticism of the international news coverage of Africa, but little or no first-hand research on the forces that create this news. This thesis draws on 51 semi-structured interviews and ethnographic work with practicing foreign correspondents in Sudan, Kenya and Uganda to explore the question: how can we explain and theorise the production of international news on East Africa? The thesis argues that Pierre Bourdieu’s Field Theory, and its analytical toolbox of ‘field’, ‘capital’ and ‘habitus’, can be meaningfully used to examine international journalistic practice. Field theory has been widely and productively used to understand domestic news production, but it has not yet been employed to empirically investigate journalistic production in the global sphere. The analysis is presented in three sections, each of which focuses on a different ‘layer’ of the international news system: the global field, where newswires compete for clients and capital; the national field ‘back home’ where traditional, nation based news outlets are based; and, finally, the local and immediate site where foreign correspondents work. Each of these layers is explored through an in depth case study of a major news producer/group of producers working in East Africa. The first and most substantial section examines the global journalistic field, and the position and practices of the Reuters newswire within this field. The second examines the foreign correspondents who report on Africa for print outlets in the UK. The final section presents two case studies of correspondents at work, negotiating a local news ecology: the election violence in Kenyan (2007-8), and the international coverage of the Darfur crisis. The discussion explores the fluidity between these three layers. Each analysis section stands alone as an investigations of major news producers in Africa today, and the forces that influence their work. Together, they build the argument that field theory is a useful approach to conceptualising the contemporary global news system, and examining journalistic practices within this. The main strengths of the theory lie in its notion of habitus; the extent to which it can incorporate and explain change; and its ability to link macro level phenomenon with micro level practice. The theory is ideally suited to capture and study the way in which foreign correspondents negotiate a complex and fluid global news system.

The last two centuries have been distinguished by technological innovation, liberalization and globalization of the world economy. Out of this environment the multinational enterprises (MNEs) have arisen -seeking the best profit opportunities around the world without consideration to poverty and equality in the host countries. This has raised the interest of the present study where the objective is to assess the impact MNEs have on the host country in terms of transferring know-how. By testing two hypotheses, the study attempts to analyze whether MNEs entail a transfer of skills and also identifies the extent to which MNEs are a potential source of skill-upgrading. The research is realized by a qualitative minor field study in Dakar where 24 semi-structured interviews are carried out at three MNEs and three Senegalese enterprises. The interviews are jointly analyzed with a theoretical framework in order to determinate if there are significant differences between the two types of enterprises concerning the wage-setting, working conditions as well as transfer of know-how. The result shows that MNEs have more training opportunities then local enterprises, the working conditions do not differ significantly. Further there is no evidence found for MNEs paying higher wages then local enterprises judged by the general attitude of the interviewees. It is therefore assumed to be some labor mobility, implying that the training contributed by MNEs might work a source of skill-upgrade for the workforce in Dakar.

This thesis describes spectrally-resolved radiance measurements, recorded using the Imperial College-built Tropospheric Airborne Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TAFTS), to validate the current parameterisation of the far-infrared foreign- broadened continuum of atmospheric water vapour in line-by-line radiative transfer models. The current parameterisation is not based on measurement through the centre of the far-IR spectral region, but is constructed by interpolation from measurements either side of the band. Accurate knowledge of this parameterisation is essential as the far-IR contribution to the planetary outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) is significant. The research takes the form of a radiative closure study, comparing the radiance measurements with simulated radiances modelled using the measured atmospheric state (temperature, humidity) profile as input. The profile information was recorded, alongside the radiance measurements, aboard the UK Met Office / FAAM (Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements) BAe-146 research aircraft, during the first of two field campaigns as part of the CAVIAR (Continuum Absorption in the Visible and Infrared and its Atmospheric Relevance) project. This thesis provides an overview of the relevant atmospheric physics and Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, including a description of TAFTS; the construction of the atmospheric profiles from the various in-situ, radiosonde and model datasets; the calibration of the radiances measured by TAFTS and derivation of the foreign- broadened water vapour continuum between 114−540 cm−1 within the framework of the line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM v12.0). The resulting continuum is compared to other relevant recent studies. The measurements from this study suggest an increase in continuum strength up to 11% at 238.6 cm−1, decreasing steadily to a reduction of 55% at 114 cm−1 and 54% at 513 cm−1. However, the uncertainties in these measurements are considerable, and might equally suggest an increase in continuum strength.

When natural disasters such as earthquakes happen, there is a need for an efficient method to support humanitarian aid organizations in the decision making process. One such decision is placement of Foreign Field Hospitals to assist with medical help.To support such a decision lots of different information and data needs to be gathered and combined. The main objectives of this thesis are to collect existing data published shortly after the earthquake in Haiti 2010 as well as data published up to two months after the earthquake. The data is then to be evaluated according to adequacy for analysis and the result of the analysis to be compared to the actual placements of the field hospitals after the 2010 earthquake.The method used in this analysis is Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE). Data regarding population, elevation, roads, land use, damage, climate, water, health facility locations and airport location are collected and weighted relative with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with weights retrieved from a questionnaire sent out to Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and countries involved in the disaster relief. The result obtained from the MCE is a final suitability map depicting areas that are suitable according to the different factors.The data availability for the thesis project is an issue, due to lack of data published shortly after the earthquake. Some of the data used in the analysis do not have the sufficient detail level. Still, an analysis can be performed where suitable areas are obtained.The suitable locations found in the analysis agree well in most cases with where the actual FFHs are placed, however a few locations are not in proximity to where the suitable areas lie. A few of the locations were located in areas exposed to frequently floods. Even though the data availability and quality leaves things to desire, the analysis method shows promising results for future research. The approach could help aggregating information from different sources and provide support in pre-dispatch organization, already having a set of suitable locations to arrive to.

Since the Soviet collapse in 1991, Cuba tried intensively to attract foreign direct investments in order to improve the economic situation. The first reform was made in 1995, which was not a success, since both foreign direct investment and joint ventures decreased in the beginning of the 21st Century. In response, the government implemented a new law concerning foreign direct investment in 2014, with more relaxed regulations and increased benefits for the investors. This study aimed to examine whether the 2014 reform had solved the problems that existed under the previous law and the new reforms had helped Cuba’s exports. The purpose was therefore to investigate to which industry foreign direct investment should be allocated. The study took two approaches. First, it applied the Revealed Comparative Advantage model to distinguish effective from ineffective industries. It included a field study that aimed to gain understanding of the effect the new law has had so far, and whether it could improve exports. In addition, the field study attempted to determine where foreign direct investment should be allocated. The results indicated that Cuba has a comparative advantage in two industries: mining and agriculture. These industries were therefore examined in the field study. Key findings showed that ongoing issues, such as bureaucracy, lack of legal security and the wage policies of government employment agencies still exist, despite the introduction of new legislation. However, the new law may create increasing export possibilities in the food and mining industries, since Cuba has an outwardly-orientated policy and large factor proportions in agriculture and mining that could be exploited.
Minor Field Study (MFS)

Following World War II, new institutions were created to manage international health issues and assist developing nations in addressing their public health problems. Bilateral aid agencies and multilateral organizations designed, promoted, financed and implemented various programs to alleviate the burden of disease in the Third World, but also pursued political goals. In this dissertation, I analyze the development of international health activities of the Communicable Disease Center (CDC) from 1948 to 1972, from the first overseas assignment of a CDC officer until the end of major global public health campaigns at the beginning of the 1970s. My focus is on the role and motivations of CDC leaders and field epidemiologists who aimed and worked to transform the public health agency from a marginal international player into an important actor in the institutional constellation.In extending activities from the U.S. to the international arena, the CDC, as a national health agency, faced legal and political obstacles which limited its access to foreign localities where international health programs were being implemented. I argue that if expertise in field epidemiology existed in Atlanta and CDC leaders expressed a desire to see their agency take a more prominent role, the deployment of CDC personnel overseas remained problematic. To circumvent these obstacles, the CDC utilized development agencies, public health technologies and multilateral health organization as conduits to get access to foreign environments, procure international field experience to its epidemiologists and make an impact on the control of infectious diseases. As I show, it was especially during the 1960s that these three trajectories coalesced to ensure CDC's place as a public health actor of international reach and contributed in establishing its credibility. The exploration of the CDC's relationships with these international health actors and technologies also demonstrates the tensions deriving from the arrival of a new actor of international health, the limits of expertise when opposed by political considerations and the various tactics employed to secure a role in the design, implementation and management of public health programs abroad.
Après la Deuxième guerre mondiale, de nouvelles institutions sont créées afin de gérer les dossiers de la santé internationale et d'assister les nations en voie de développement dans la prise en charge de leurs problèmes de santé publique. Les agences d'aide bilatérale et les organisations multilatérales ont imaginé, promu, financé et implanté plusieurs programmes dans le but d'alléger le poids des maladies dans le Tiers monde, mais aussi à des fins de politique étrangère. Dans cette thèse, j'analyse la construction des activités de santé internationale du Communicable Disease Center (CDC) de 1948 à 1972, période correspondant à sa première mission outremer jusqu'à la fin d'importants programmes de santé internationale au début des années 1970. Je me concentre sur le rôle et les motivations des dirigeants du CDC et des épidémiologistes de terrain, qui visaient à transformer leur agence de santé publique, d'abord un acteur marginal, en un joueur important dans la constellation institutionnelle de la santé internationale. Dans l'expansion de leurs activités de la scène nationale à l'échelle internationale, le CDC, en tant qu'agence de santé nationale, a été confronté à des obstacles légaux et politiques limitant leur accès aux territoires étrangers où les programmes de santé internationale sont implantés. Je démontre que si le CDC disposait d'une expertise en épidémiologie de terrain et même si leurs dirigeants désiraient jouer un rôle international important, le déploiement des officiers du CDC à l'étranger demeurait problématique. Afin de contourner ces obstacles, le CDC utilisa les agences de développement international, les technologies de santé publique ainsi que les organisations multilatérales comme conduits afin d'accéder aux territoires d'outremer, donner une expérience internationale à ses épidémiologistes de terrain et modifier profondément les conventions sur le contrôle des maladies infectieuses. Tel que je le démontre, ces trois trajectoires fusionnent dans les années 1960 afin de confirmer le statut du CDC en tant qu'acteur de la santé internationale et contribuent à établir la crédibilité de l'institution. L'exploration des relations du CDC avec ces institutions et les technologies de santé publique permettent également de mettre en relief plusieurs éléments : les tensions découlant de l'arrivée d'un nouvel acteur institutionnel de la santé internationale, les limites de l'expertise qui est parfois en opposition avec des considérations politiques et les diverses tactiques utilisées pour s'assurer une place dans la mise sur pied, l'implantation et l'administration des programmes de santé publique à l'étranger.

ABSTRACT INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY AND THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAST: A STATE OF THE FIELD STUDY Tekelioglu, Ahmet Selim M.Sc., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Meliha AltuniSik January 2009, 82 pages This thesis analyzes the level of interaction between International Relations theories and the literature on the international relations of the Middle East. The disciplines- area studies controversy is analyzed in a way to account for the low level of cooperation between International Relations as an academic discipline and Middle East studies. The thesis looks into the literature in order to demonstrate to what extent developments in International Relations theories informed the study of the international relations of the Middle East. The thesis emphasizes the need for a normative/ critical aprroach in order to overcome the bridge beween these fields caused by epistemological and methodological as well as by the political economy of scholarship informed by ideological rivalries.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of a 'Change Agent' in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Chinese primary schools, and to determine whether changes were perceivable in the number and type of communicative interactions that occurred in EFL classrooms. The Department of Education of Zhong Shan, People's Republic of China, welcomed this research as the communicative approach to teaching English is sanctioned by the authorities. However, the formality of the actual classroom in primary schools often precludes much use of this method. An Investigation of the influence of a Westerner in the role of 'Change Agent' (teacher trainer), may provide more information on adequate EFL teacher training. As Penner (1995) pointed out, these Change Agents need to be aware of the pedagogical complexities between the traditional/formal and the communicative teaching approach in China and have had experience in EFL leaching. As such, the study was of particular relevance to both the Chinese EFL teachers and the Education Department of Zhong Shan. It was also of benefit to future decisions in EFL teacher training because it explored the situation of primary school settings and the demands on adequate input of methodology which up to now has not yet been investigated in primary settings. Using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, this study investigated the use of the communicative method in two Standard 4 classrooms at different schools, prior to and after an in-service and the work with a Change Agent. The researcher was the Change Agent and acted as both a participant observer and as a teacher model while team teaching with the teachers from the two classes. Interviews, questionnaires and field notes provided the qualitative data, while counts of number and type of communicative interactions before and after intervention provided the quantitative data. Data on type and number increase in communicative interaction after the researcher's intervention ceased, suggested that the two Chinese EFL teachers were able to promote more communicative interaction and initiated more permanent change in their EFL teaching approach. The implication for more and better communicative interaction is that the teachers of both classes planned, designed and implemented relevantly more pair and group work and material provision after the in-service. The Department of Education of the Southern District of Zhong Shan and the teachers of the research classes positively commented on the external contact with a foreign EFL teacher. Thus, direct influence of a Western teacher as Change Agent who promoted communicative interaction directly at the school premises was considered a relevant and new approach.

Dans un contexte de « mondialisation », les échanges entre cultures différentes favorisent une meilleure compréhension mutuelle entre les peuples du monde. Les correspondants de presse étrangers constituent des acteurs clés dans ce processus de médiation culturelle transnationale. Leur travail journalistique permet en effet à un public national de mieux connaître la culture dans laquelle ces correspondants sont immergés. Et par là contribuer à la compréhension culturelle entre le pays d’origine des correspondants et leur pays d’accueil. Notre recherche s’intéresse aux pratiques journalistiques des correspondants de presse français en Chine. Cet exemple permet de mettre en lumière des logiques de travail et des dispositifs de contrôle qui contraignent, directement ou indirectement, le travail de production de l’information. Nourries de nos enquêtes de terrain et d’approches théoriques, nos analyses permettent de montrer que les journalistes français présents en Chine constituent un microcosme social, à la fois relativement fermé sur lui-même et isolé de la société chinoise. Il s’agit le plus souvent de journalistes professionnels à la fois très diplômés et très expérimentés. Toutefois, en Chine, ils ne peuvent jamais exercer un « journalisme d’immersion » malgré leur présence sur place sur des durées relativement longues. Leur faible maîtrise du chinois opérationnel empêche une bonne partie des journalistes français de communiquer directement avec des Chinois. Ensuite, les conditions de réalisation de reportages subissent souvent des contraintes liées à la politique chinoise de régulation des journalistes étrangers en Chine. Enfin, leur accès aux sources d’information pèse également de manière décisive sur la production de l’information sur place
In a context of globalisation, cultural exchanges foster and increase a mutual understanding between peoples and cultures, all around the world. Foreign correspondents are key players in the transnational process of cultural mediation. Indeed, their journalistic work helps a national audience to achieve a better understanding of the culture in which these correspondents are immersed, and thereby contributes to cultural understanding between their home country and the host country. Our research focuses on the journalistic practices of French correspondents in China, and highlights the logics of work and the control devices that influence, directly or indirectly, the production of information and, generally speaking, the journalistic practice of foreign correspondents. Based on our field studies and theoretical approaches, our analysis aims at demonstrating that French journalists in China constitute a social microcosm, relatively closed on itself and isolated from the Chinese society. They are often professionals both highly qualified and very experienced. However, they can never really have recourse to the method of "immersion journalism" despite long periods of presence in China. Lots of French journalists cannot directly communicate with the Chinese population, because of their insufficient knowledge of the everyday language. Then their working conditions often face constraints of the Chinese's regulation policy towards foreign journalists. Finally, their limited access to information sources also has a major impact on the process of information production in China

Notre recherche vise à enrichir la réflexion didactique sur les modalités d’un enseignement susceptible de favoriser dès les premières années d’apprentissage de l’allemand au collège (soit en 6ème et en 5ème) la mise en place de préférences discursives spécifiques à la langue-cible. Plutôt que de nous focaliser sur le placement verbal second dans les énoncés déclaratifs, nous avons fait le choix de nous intéresser à l’ouverture et à la position préverbale. Il s’agit en effet d’un champ que des apprenants même avancés n’investissent pas de manière conforme, en dépit d’une maîtrise avérée des règles morphosyntaxiques de la langue-cible. Dans la mesure où, en allemand, la position préverbale n’est pas déterminée sur le plan syntaxique, il est nécessaire de recourir à des catégories textuelles ainsi qu’à des critères pragmatiques liés à l’organisation informationnelle des constituants pour comprendre les phénomènes qui président au choix de l’élément à l’ouverture. Partant de là, nous avons incorporé ces aspects aux tâches proposées dans le cadre du cours afin de susciter une mise en œuvre de ces principes et de modifier les préférences de traitement des apprenants. Le travail d’appropriation relève aussi de processus intrapsychiques qui posent certes des limites à l’intervention enseignante mais dont la prise en compte permet d’élaborer des propositions didactiques étayées sur le plan linguistique et psycholinguistique. Adossée à la recherche en acquisition des langues (RAL), notre étude s’appuie sur l’analyse des réalisations de l’ouverture dans un corpus de productions d’apprenants de manière à recomposer nos propositions d’intervention en fonction des observations recueillies sur le terrain et de telle sorte qu’elle s’accorde à une progression d’apprentissage. Des notions linguistiques plurielles nous ont ainsi permis de mettre en lumière et d’exploiter à des fins d’enseignement des fonctions spécifiques liées à l’ouverture de l’énoncé en allemand. La RAL offre à notre travail un cadre d’analyse, des résultats permettant de comprendre la dimension cognitive de l’apprentissage et des notions qui fournissent un étayage théorique aux propositions didactiques que nous formulons
This study concerns the acquisition of language specific discourse preferences in the first years of German as a foreign language in French secondary schools, and how new approaches could improve language instruction. Instead of focusing on verbal placement in declaratives, we decided to consider how learners start a sentence; that is, which constituent they decide to put before the finite verb form. The initial field in German (called pre-field) represents a syntactically undetermined position as it can be occupied by a variety of elements. To understand the constraints which influence the choice of the first constituent in a sentence, textual categories, as well as pragmatic and information-structural criteria, are required. These aspects were incorporated in the tasks the learners worked on in the classroom, in order to make them use such principles, and to modify the processing preferences they may have built up during acquisition of their L1. Acquisition draws on internal processes which set limits to instructional intervention. Practitioners should take these limitations into account if they aim to elaborate instructional proposals with linguistic and psycholinguistic relevance. Drawing on findings from the SLA research, we analyse the beginnings of sentences in a corpus of written and oral learner samples. We used these empirical observations as a guideline to redesign proposals for an instructional intervention which better fits a learning progression. Notions from different aspects of linguistics contribute to highlight specific functions of sentence beginnings in German. It would be possible to integrate these functions in a teaching programme. SLA research offers a theoretical framework to our research, as the findings provide a better understanding of the cognitive dimension of learning and the notions constitute a theoretical backing for our didactical proposals

Où se trouvent les origines des obstacles rencontrés lors de la mise en place des nouvelles méthodes pédagogiques du français, issues des approches constructiviste et actionnelle en Iran ? Partant de cette interrogation et nous fondant sur une étude de terrain menée auprès des apprenant(e)s et des enseignant(e)s de Français Langue Étrangère (FLE) en Iran, nous avons tenté d’y apporter des réponses en abordant le constructivisme, l’un des paradigmes les plus en vogue en sciences (exactes, humaines et sociales). L'objectif de cette étude était de mesurer qualitativement et quantitativement, les attitudes et les croyances des apprenant(e)s et des enseignant(e)s de français dans les instituts de langues étrangères, en proposant quelques recommandations pour l'amélioration du système actuel d'enseignement du français. Le résultat de notre étude nous a menée par ailleurs à nous concentrer sur l’influence de la culture dans l'enseignement du français dans la société iranienne
Where are the origins of the obstacles encountered during the implementation of new teaching methods informed by constructivist and action-oriented approaches to French in Iran? Based on this question and a field study in Iran with students and instructors of French as a Foreign Language, we will try to provide answers by addressing constructivism as one of the latest paradigms in all sciences (exact, human and social). The objective of this study is to qualitatively and quantitatively measure the attitudes and beliefs of learners and teachers of French in the foreign language centers, offering some recommendations for the improvement of the current system of teaching French. The result of our study will further stress the importance of culture in language instruction in Iranian society

The need for modern transportation systems together with the high demand for sustainable pavements under applied loads have led to a great deal of research on concrete pavements worldwide. Development of finite element techniques enabled researchers to analyse the concrete pavement under a combination of axle group loadings and environmental effects. Consequently, mechanistic approaches for designing of concrete pavements were developed based on results of finite element analyses. However, unpredictable failure modes of concrete pavements associated with expensive maintenance and rehabilitation costs have led to the use of empiricalmechanistic approach in concrete pavement design. Despite progressive knowledge of concrete pavement behaviour under applied loads, concrete pavements still suffer from deterioration due to crack initiation and propagation, indicating the need for further research. Cracks can be related to fatigue of the concrete and/or erosion of materials in sub-layers. Although longitudinal, midedge and corner cracks are the most common damage modes in concrete pavements, Austroads method for concrete pavement design was developed based on traditional mid-edge bottom-up transverse cracking introduced by Packard and Tayabji (1985). Research presented in this thesis aims to address the most common fatigue related distresses in concrete pavements. It uses comprehensive finite element models and analyses to determine the structural behaviour of concrete pavements under vehicular loads and environmental effects. Results of this research are supported by laboratory tests and an experimental field test. Results of this research indicate that the induced tensile stresses within the concrete pavement are significantly affected by vehicle speed, differential temperature gradient and loss of moisture content. Subsequently, the interaction between the above mentioned factors and concrete damage modes are discussed. Typical dynamic amplifications of different axle groups are presented. A new fatigue test setup is also developed to take into consideration effects of pavement curvature on fatigue life of the concrete. Ultimately, results of the research presented in this thesis are employed to develop a new guide for designing concrete pavements with zero maintenance of fatigue damage.

The need for modern transportation systems together with the high demand for sustainable pavements under applied loads have led to a great deal of research on concrete pavements worldwide. Development of finite element techniques enabled researchers to analyse the concrete pavement under a combination of axle group loadings and environmental effects. Consequently, mechanistic approaches for designing of concrete pavements were developed based on results of finite element analyses. However, unpredictable failure modes of concrete pavements associated with expensive maintenance and rehabilitation costs have led to the use of empiricalmechanistic approach in concrete pavement design. Despite progressive knowledge of concrete pavement behaviour under applied loads, concrete pavements still suffer from deterioration due to crack initiation and propagation, indicating the need for further research. Cracks can be related to fatigue of the concrete and/or erosion of materials in sub-layers. Although longitudinal, midedge and corner cracks are the most common damage modes in concrete pavements, Austroads method for concrete pavement design was developed based on traditional mid-edge bottom-up transverse cracking introduced by Packard and Tayabji (1985). Research presented in this thesis aims to address the most common fatigue related distresses in concrete pavements. It uses comprehensive finite element models and analyses to determine the structural behaviour of concrete pavements under vehicular loads and environmental effects. Results of this research are supported by laboratory tests and an experimental field test. Results of this research indicate that the induced tensile stresses within the concrete pavement are significantly affected by vehicle speed, differential temperature gradient and loss of moisture content. Subsequently, the interaction between the above mentioned factors and concrete damage modes are discussed. Typical dynamic amplifications of different axle groups are presented. A new fatigue test setup is also developed to take into consideration effects of pavement curvature on fatigue life of the concrete. Ultimately, results of the research presented in this thesis are employed to develop a new guide for designing concrete pavements with zero maintenance of fatigue damage.

Cette thèse traite des mesures à prendre afin d'assurer le succès de projets de développement exécutés par des firmes privées, et plus particulièrement les Organisations Non Gouvernementales (ONGs). Les ONGs sont des firmes à but non lucratif qui sont semblables aux gouvernements dans leur préoccupation pour le bien-être des bénéficiaires et aux firmes privées standard sur le plan organisationnel. Leur participation aux projets de développement soulève la question de savoir si elles sont plus efficaces que ces entités similaires. Malgré la croissance rapide du secteur ONG, surtout des multinationales basées dans les pays riches avec des branches implantées dans les pays pauvres, peu de recherches en économie de développement se sont intéressées à comment la nature d’une organisation peut affecter son comportement dans l’implémentation des projets de développement. Les trois chapitres de cette thèse soulignent des différences entre Les ONG, les firmes privées et les gouvernements et examinent comment la nature même de chaque type d'organisation affecte sa fourniture de services publics. Les deux questions-clés sont donc pourquoi et sous quelles des conditions choisir une ONG comme fournisseur de biens et services dans le cadre d'un projet de développement, et comment s’assurer que les normes culturelles des bénéficiaires n’affectent négativement la réussite desdits projets
This thesis addresses the question of how to ensure the success of development projects executed by private firms, especially Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). NGOs are non-profit firms that are similar to governments in their concern about beneficiaries' welfare and to standard private firms in their organizational form. Their involvement in development projects raises the issue of how well they perform in service provision compared to alternative entities. Despite the rapid growth of the non-profit sector, especially international firms based in high-income countries that operate in low-income countries, the existing literature on economic development has hardly investigated the issue of non-profit performance and regulation. The three chapters of this thesis emphasize differences between NGOs and either private for-profit firms or governements, and examine how the very nature of each type of organization affects service provision. The two key questions are why and under which conditions to choose an NGO as goods or services provider in the framework of a development project, and how to ensure beneficiaries' cultural norms do not undermine the success of development projects

International lawyers are familiar with the question: “Is international law law?” But this thesis instead asks the question: “Is international law international?” Using a variety of methods, this work sheds light on some of the ways in which international law as a transnational legal field is constructed by international law academics, and is conceptualized in international law textbooks, in the five permanent members of the Security Council: the People’s Republic of China, the French Republic, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America. It explores how different national communities of international lawyers construct and pass on their understandings of “international law” in ways that belie the field’s claim to universality, perpetuating certain forms of difference and dominance. By adopting a comparative approach, it aims to make international lawyers more aware of the frames that shape their own understandings of and approaches to the field, as well as how these might be similar to or different from the frames adopted by those coming from other states, regions or geopolitical groupings. It also examines how some of these patterns might be disrupted as a result of shifts in geopolitical power, such as the movement from unipolar power toward greater multipolarity and the growing confrontations between Western liberal democratic states (like the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) and non-Western authoritarian states (like China and Russia).

Das Schulregister des Kultusministeriums MIUR verzeichnet, dass mehr als jede/r zehnte aller Schüler/innen in Italien keine italienische Staatsbürgerschaft hat, obwohl sie mehrheitlich dort geboren wurden. Zahlreiche Erhebungen weisen für sie im Vergleich zu den italienischen Mitschülern/innen geringere Italienischkenntnisse und weniger schulischen Erfolg auf. Innerhalb dieser explorativen Feldforschung haben Einzelinterviews mit 121 Schülern/innen (5.-8. Klasse) in Turiner Schulen und mit 26 Eltern, sowie die Auswertung von 141 an 27 Italienisch- und Herkunftsprachlehrer/innen verteilten Fragebögen ergeben, dass viele Schüler/innen "zweisprachige Natives" sind, da sie mit Italienisch und einer anderen Sprache aufwachsen. Dieser Polyglottismus, den die Interviewten sehr positiv bewerteten, findet jedoch in der Schulpraxis keine Entsprechung: Gezielte Förderung im Italienischen und der Unterricht der Familiensprache sind meist Wunschdenken. In der Kohorte haben die Schüler/innen mit den besten Italienischkenntnissen einen italophonen Elternteil bzw. kamen im Vorschulalter nach Italien und besuchten dort den Kindergarten. Dagegen sind, wie auch bei den INVALSI-Tests, die in Italien geborenen und die dann die Krippe besuchten, leicht benachteiligt. Was die Familiensprache angeht, verbessert ihr Erlernen die Kompetenzen darin, ohne dem Italienischen zu schaden: Im Gegenteil. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen die wichtige Rolle der "anderen" Sprache für einen gelungen Spracherwerb. Das MIUR sollte also sein Schulregister mit Sprachdaten ergänzen, um die Curricula im Sinn der EU-Vorgaben umzuschreiben und den sprachlich heterogenen Klassen gezielte Ressourcen und definierte Vorgehensweisen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Mit geringeren Mitteln, im Vergleich zu den jetzigen Kosten für Herunterstufung, Klassenwiederholung und Schulabbruch würde man Schulerfolg, Chancengerechtigkeit und Mehrsprachigkeit fördern, mit positiven Folgen für den Einzelnen sowie für die Volkswirtschaft.
The Italian Ministry of Education (MIUR) student register records that today in Italy more than one out of ten students is not an Italian citizen, although the majority of them were born there. Several statistical surveys indicate that "foreign" students, when compared to native students, show a poorer performance in Italian and in academic achievement. This exploratory fieldwork carried out in schools in Turin (5th to 8th grade) analyzed data obtained through semi-structured interviews with 121 students and 26 parents as well as 141 questionnaires filled in by 27 teachers of Italian and family language. It showed that many students are "bilingual natives", as they grow up acquiring both Italian and another language; however, despite the fact that the interviewees rate polyglottism positively, schools don't usually offer targeted support in either language. Within the cohort the broadest range of competences in Italian are found first among those with an Italian-speaking parent, then among those who arrived in Italy at pre-school age attending kindergarten there; this latter group shows higher competences than those born in Italy attending nursery there, as also in the INVALSI tests. As far as family language is concerned, data illustrate that its teaching increases its competences without affecting those in Italian: quite the opposite in fact. These results confirm the remarkable role played by the "other" language in successful language education. MIUR is therefore called upon to include also linguistic data in its student register, so as to redefine its curricula according to EU Guidelines, and to identify specific procedures and resources for multilingual classes. This new policy would reduce the current cost of placing students in a lower grade, grade retention and drop-outs, and would promote school success, equal opportunities and multilingualism, with positive consequences both for the individuals and for the national economy.
L'anagrafe studenti del MIUR registra come oggi in Italia più di uno studente su dieci non è cittadino italiano, pur essendo la maggioranza di loro nata in questo paese. Numerose indagini statistiche mostrano come gli allievi "stranieri" presentino, rispetto a quelli italiani, ridotte competenze in italiano e minore successo scolastico. Questa ricerca esplorativa svolta in alcune scuole di Torino (V elementare-III media) ha analizzato dati ottenuti tramite interviste semi-strutturate a 121 studenti e 26 genitori e 141 questionari compilati da 27 insegnanti di italiano e di lingua di famiglia. Da essa è emerso che molti studenti sono "nativi bilingui", poiché crescono usando l'italiano e un'altra lingua. Questo poliglottismo, valutato dagli intervistati assai positivamente, non si rispecchia però nella prassi scolastica: un supporto mirato in italiano e l'insegnamento della lingua di famiglia sono di regola una chimera. All'interno del campione le più ampie competenze in italiano si trovano fra chi ha un genitore italofono e chi è arrivato in Italia in età prescolare frequentandovi la scuola materna; come constatato anche nei test INVALSI, chi è nato in Italia e vi ha frequentato l'asilo nido è leggermente svantaggiato. Rispetto alla lingua di famiglia risulta che il suo studio porta a migliori competenze in essa, senza nuocere all'italiano: anzi. Emerge quindi il ruolo significativo della lingua "altra" per un'educazione linguistica efficace. L'invito al MIUR è quindi di integrare la propria anagrafe con dati linguistici, così da ridefinire i propri curricula secondo le Linee Guida Comunitarie, individuando procedure e risorse specifiche per le classi multilingui. Con un investimento ridotto, paragonato con il costo attuale dato da retrocessioni, ripetenze e abbandono scolastico, si riuscirebbe a sostenere il successo scolastico, le pari opportunità e il plurilinguismo, con conseguenze positive per i singoli e per l'economia nazionale.

碩士
國立交通大學
電子物理系所
99
For the first time, we propose a special structure to enhance the characteristic of TFT-SONOS memory devices. The memory process is not only simple but also compatible with 3D circuit integration. In this thesis, we investigate the effect of corners along channel width direction on TFT-SONOS memory. The experiments in this study used a local-oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) scheme to fabricate an M-shape in the width direction of TFT-SONOS memory. The programming and erasing operations are performed by the FN tunneling (FN) and Substrate transient hot-hole (STHH) injection, respectively. The improvement of M-shape TFT-SONOS memory is due to the locally electrical field enhancement at corners. On the other hand, the other advantage of this corner structure is the rounded corners improve the “Double Hump” situation. “Double Hump” would be caused by non-uniform charges injection. Different oxidation thickness would make the platform and structure off-set of corners are different. The oxidation thicknesses are 100 nm and 150 nm, respectively. The more oxidation makes the higher structure off-set, but it is not direct related devices performance. We found out not the longer of effective width would depress the improvement of program/ erase speed. The design exhibits superior electrical performance, including faster program/ erase speed, excellent data retention at high temperature, and width dependence. Thus, it has the larger application potential for flash memory market in the future.

碩士
國立交通大學
顯示科技研究所
103
3D technology has been widely spread in recent years. As the way receiving information changing from 2D to 3D, the human-machine interface should also be improved to supply a more intuitive interaction. Camera-based interaction system has been used on larger display for years; however, we do not see a sophisticated corresponding product on smaller display like mobile device. There are several ways to achieve 3D interaction system. Some researchers dedicated in embedded-photosensor-based system for mobile device, but its maximum working range is slightly insufficient. In a traditional camera-based system, sensors are setting on different positions, and the target can be located by epipolar geometry. Nevertheless, it is failed due to limited field of view of sensors in near range. In this thesis, we propose a 3D interaction system for mobile device. The system is basically a camera-based system but with modified architecture. We designed a reflecting layer inserted into the sensor structure to reorient its field of view, enabling the camera-based system to work in near field. Finally, the concept was verified on a virtual 8-inch display. The maximum working range was 10 cm and the spatial resolution was 0.2 cm at least. In addition, we also found that the proposed system can support depth sensing in far field up to 50 cm.

碩士
國立臺南大學
材料科學系碩士班
97
This research studies the foreign-born Taiwanese’s learning in the field of science and living technology in elementary school. The purposes of this study are to investigate the academic performance of the foreign-born Taiwanese on the field of science and living technology, and the related factors that influence their science learning. This study adopted the basic information form and semi-structured interview to collect information from the subjects who are sampled based on convenient sampling. Fifty-three elementary school students in fifth and sixth degree from six public elementary schools were sampled as the subjects of this study. Based on the method of semi-structured interview, two subjects with distinct background from each other were interviewed. The quantitative data have been collected analyzed by T-test and ANOVA, while the information collected from interview was coded and analyzed by the method of ground theory. According to the data analysis, the findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The achievement of foreign-born Taiwanese on learning of Natural Science is lower than the average. 2. The achievement of foreign-born Taiwanese on learning of Natural Science is significantly affected by their mother’s proficiency of Mandarin and the number of years of the students’ preschool education. 3. The achievement of foreign-born Taiwanese on learning of Natural Science is not significantly affected by students’ genders, degrees, birth orders, mother’s nationalities, parents’ social-economic status and nature attitude. 4. The content of teaching course, the age and teaching methods of teachers could affect the students’ attitude of learning of natural science. 5. The interviewed students are lack of the motivation to leaning science in school.

碩士
國立中山大學
管理學院高階經營碩士學程在職專班
107
A channel partner is anything that moves a product or service, knowledge, communication, and funding between a supplier company and an end user. It is important to understand that channel partners should be considered true partners, not customers. Channel partners must play a clear role in the “entry market strategy” of supplier companies. It is important to understand that economic factors drive the behavior of channel partners, but at the same time they clearly have to add value to their customers. The choice of channel partners is critical to ensuring that the product fits the customer base. Different types of channels are called different channels in different markets - in regions, countries and industry branches. Knowing that no term or definition is right for everyone, case companies have standardized terminology used within the company as a sales channel. This study uses SWOT, Porter five forces analysis and Co-optition to explore the relationship between the feasibility and performance of the geochemical dealer management strategy, and to optimize dealer management in Taiwan with the most suitable dealer management strategy. Even if there are some inaccuracies, this is enough to determine the basis for working with different types of channel partners. Authorizations in the ABB Value Provider Program can only be made for the type of channel supported by the business unit. When defining a channel type for an ERP system or a partner in Salesforce, countries need to choose the "closest available option."

碩士
國立臺灣大學
國際企業學系
85
In 1991, the Ministry of Transportation has issued "the managementregulation of R.O.C. civil aviation transportation proprietor to employforeign pilots" to satisfy the increasing demands of both domestic andinternational airlines in the future. Consider with both external legalderegulation and individual unique management specialty of each company. Isuspect whether there is any different point of view and measure among them toemploy? and what the motivation is based on? manpower supply restriction? costs? or even strategic alternative? The study emphasis on employ aeronautichigh-end experts from other countries in order to clarify the motivations,management and influences of them. The study based on the out-sourcing theory and the human resourcemanagement theory, collected all detail factors of it. After took qualitativeanalysis, interviewed with nine airline companies, Commercial Pilot TrainingProgram- National Taiwan University (CPTP-NTU) , Flight StandardDivisions-Civil Aeronautics Administration (FSD-CAA), Aeronautical TrainingCenter-Civil Aeronautics Administration (ATC-CAA) and Airline PilotsAssociation- Republic Of China (APA-R.O.C.). Through empirical results, Iconclude the proprietor can reduce risks and save manpower, financial andmaterial costs, meanwhile promotes the level of professional skills by employforeign pilots. In a short time, the method can reduce costs and improve skill capacities, cooperation between employed pilots and proprietor will bring valuablebenefits to help proprietor wins market superiority, especially in makingtechnical manuals and sharing experiences. If management problems, such asimproper control doctrine and happens, it will turn out to be a career crisisthreaten to other local employee, rises the risks in the promotion ofoutstanding people or accept higher education under unsteadily intera ctiondue to ill negotiation. Even though the proprietor can get benefits through the way, it will lostthe skills and resources who deserved. Meanwhile, the life background offoreign pilots are variable, so it''s hard to manage and trust them. Themanager has to pay much more attentions on them, such as in the contractmanagement.

碩士
元智大學
應用外語學系
104
Education for International Understanding(EIU) con be defined as a teaching approach, in which students are able to cultibate wide horizon, apply inititate learning attitude, and being respectful with cultural diversity. The major purpose of EIU pedagogy is to grow students’ self-esteem and comprehensive ability. In other words, we hope students can learn on one’s own, and at the same time train themselves to think critically and being able to take initiate act. Therefore, Education Travel became part of EIU since 2002 in Taiwan. Among numerous countries, Japan was regarded as the most appealing country for Education Travel. Similar to regular travels, a tour guide is required during an education travel. The role of a tour guide extends into becoming a bridge in between two cultures. This study intends to identify (1) the influences of a tour guide towards senior high school students in between Taiwanese and Japanese culture and (2) Senior high school students' reactions and comprehensive abilities when encountering cultural impact.

Коровайко А.О. Адміністративно-правове регулювання державного управління у галузі закордонних справ в Україні: дис. канд. юрид. наук. Одеса, 2018. 255 с.
У дисертації надано комплексну характеристику теоретико-методологічних, правових та організаційних засад державного управління у галузі закордонних справ в Україні та його змісту: форм та методів державного управління у галузі закордонних справ та контролю у галузі закордонних справ. Досліджено галузь закордонних справ як об’єкта державного управління. Охарактеризовано дипломатичну службу в Україні, що розглядається як багатоаспектне явище, як: інструмент здійснення зовнішньої політики, діяльність, спрямована на реалізацію завдань держави у зовнішньо-політичній діяльності, система органів публічного управління, різновид службової діяльності, правовий інститут. Детально досліджено контроль у галузі закордонних справ, охарактеризовано суб’єкти здійснення контролю, контроль на макро- та мікрорівні.
В диссертации надана комплексная характеристика государственного управления в отрасли иностранных дел в Украине, определенного в работе как системная деятельность органов и должностных лиц, публичных деятелей, в пределах установленной компетенции, осуществляемая как на международном, так и на национальном уровне, и связанная с формированием и реализацией внешней политики государства и осуществлением внешних функций государства (в широком значении); а также как системная деятельность органов и должностных лиц, в том числе специально созданных органов управления иностранными делами (должностных лиц), размещенных как на территории Украины, так и за ее пределами, в пределах установленной компетенции, и осуществляемая как на международном, так и на национальном уровне, содержанием которой является реализация внешней политики, законодательных актов (в узком значении). Охарактеризована дипломатическая служба в Украине, которая рассмотренна как многоаспектное явление: как инструмент осуществления внешней политики; как деятельность, направленная на реализацию задач государства во внешнеполитической деятельности; как система органов публичного управления; как профессиональная деятельность граждан Украины на политических и административных должностях в специализированных органах дипломатической службы; как правовой институт. Рассмотрены вопросы реализации государственного управления в отрасли иностранных дел в Украине, классифицированы формы государственного управления в отрасли иностранных дел, выделены методы государственного управления в отрасли иностранных дел. Детально исследован контроль в отрасли иностранных дел, охарактеризованы субъекты осуществления контроля, исследован контроль на макро- и микроуровне.
The dissertation is the scientific research of the theoretical-methodological, legal and organizational basis of the state administration in the field of foreign affairs in Ukraine and its content: forms and methods of the state administration in the field of foreign affairs and control in the field of foreign affairs. There is researched the field of foreign affairs as an object of the state administration. It is proposed in the dissertation to define the concept of “public administration in the field of foreign affairs” in the “broad” sense as a systemic activity of state bodies and officials, public figures, within the framework of the established competence, carried out both at the international and national level, with the formation and implementation of the foreign policy of the state, as well as the implementation of external functions of the state; and in the “narrow” sense as a systemic executive-administrative and service-support activity of state bodies and officials, including specially created bodies for the management of foreign affairs (officials) that may be located both within and outside of Ukraine, within the framework of the established competence, carried out both at the international and national levels, the content of which is the implementation of foreign policy, legislative acts. It was established that the object of public administration in the field of foreign affairs in the functional aspect are the social relations that are formed in the field of foreign policy activity: 1) relations of Ukraine with other states, as well as with international and intergovernmental organizations, including relations with permanent representatives and representations of the respective states and organizational territory of Ukraine; 2) managerial relations that arise between subjects of management in the field of foreign affairs; 3) relations with citizens of Ukraine who are abroad; 4) Ukraine’s relations with foreign citizens, stateless persons, refugees both on the territory of Ukraine and abroad are covered by the concepts of “visa” and “migration” policy. It has been determined that in the elemental-structural aspect, the object of public administration in the field of foreign affairs are physical and legal persons, bodies of public power, whose activities are related to the formation and implementation of foreign policy activities, or which are participants: individuals, including , citizens of Ukraine (in particular, those who are abroad), foreigners and stateless persons, refugees (in the context of implementing migration and visa policy); legal entities, associations of individuals – including representatives of foreign states and organizations in the territory of Ukraine; the specialized bodies of state power of Ukraine, which directly carry out activities in the field of foreign affairs – also become the subject of public administration in the relevant field. It was established that the field of foreign affairs is an independent and integrated field of administration in the administrative-political sphere. This is a combination of system of social relations that are formed in the field of foreign policy activity, and participants in the relevant relations – individuals and legal entities, public authorities, whose activities are related to the formation and implementation of foreign policy activities. Special attention is devoted to the characteristic of the diplomatic service in Ukraine that is researched as a polyaspect category: as an instrument of foreign policy, as an activity directed on the realization of the tasks of the state in the field of foreign policy, as a system of public administration bodies, as a type of service activity, as a legal institute. Control in the field of foreign affairs is researched in detail, there are characterized subjects of control, and control is characterized on a makro- and microlevel.

У роботі розглядаються теоретико-методичні основи дослідження ефективності зовнішньоторговельної діяльності підприємства в галузі сільського господарства. Досліджено чинники та методи оцінки, що вливають на ефективність зовнішньої торгівлі підприємств. Проаналізовано показники ефективності зовнішньоторговельної діяльності підприємства ТОВ «Агро-Захист». Розглянуто сучасний стан, динаміку та чинники, що впливають на зовнішньоторговельну діяльність ТОВ «Агро-Захист». Проведено SWOT-аналіз ТОВ «Агро-Захист». Запропоновано шляхи підвищення ефективності зовнішньоторговельної діяльності ТОВ «Агро-Захист» шляхом використання акредитивної форми розрахунків, а саме визначені пріоритетні напрямки підвищення ефективності зовнішньоторговельної діяльності ТОВ «Агро-Захист», розглянуто вдосконалення процесу прийняття управлінських рішень у системі зовнішньоторговельної діяльності підприємства.
The theoretical and methodological bases of research of efficiency of the foreign trade activity of the enterprise in the field of agriculture are considered in the work. The factors and methods of assessment that influence the efficiency of foreign trade of enterprises are investigated. The indicators of efficiency of foreign trade activity of the enterprise of LLC "Agro-Zahist" are analyzed. The current state, dynamics and factors affecting the foreign trade activities of Agro-Zahist LLC are considered. The SWOT-analysis of Agro-Zahist LLC was carried out. The ways of increasing the efficiency of foreign trade activity of Agro-Zahist LLC through the use of the accreditation form of calculations are proposed, namely the priority directions of increasing the efficiency of foreign trade activity of Agro-Zahist LLC, the improvement of the process of making management decisions in the system of foreign trade activity are considered.

У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти Податкової політики у сфері зовнішньоекономічної діяльності, а також практичні питання її формування та розбудови в Україні задля підвищення фіскальної ефективності та регулюючого впливу на зовнішньоекономічну діяльність. Досліджено етапи формування та розбудови податкової політики в сфері зовнішньоекономічної діяльності в Україні, фіскальну ефективність непрямого оподаткування та його роль у розподільчих процесах держави, інструменти податкової політики в сфері трансфертного ціноутворення в України, рівень виконання запланованих показників митних платежів. Визначені проблемні питання податкової політики в сфері зовнішньоекономічної діяльності в аспекті підвищення її ролі у розбудові зовнішньоекономічної діяльності України та запропоновано заходи її вдосконалення адміністрування місцевих податків та зборів через удосконалення фінансово-інформаційних систем; розвиток та удосконалення електронного декларування і документообігу; продовження роботи з розробкою заходів в рамках BEPS, оптимізація організаційної та функціональної структури податкових та митних органів, стимулювання добровільної сплати податків, розвиток податкових сервісів, запобігання форестелінгу в сфері акцизного оподаткування імпорту, зокрема встановлення квот.
The paper considers the theoretical aspects of Tax Policy in the field of foreign economic activity, as well as practical issues of its formation and development in Ukraine to increase fiscal efficiency and regulatory impact on foreign economic activity. The paper considers the theoretical aspects of Tax Policy in the field of foreign economic activity, as well as practical issues of its formation and development in Ukraine to increase fiscal efficiency and regulatory impact on foreign economic activity. The problematic issues of tax policy in the field of foreign economic activity in terms of increasing its role in the development of foreign economic activity of Ukraine are identified and measures are proposed to improve the administration of local taxes and fees through the improvement of financial information systems; development and improvement of electronic declaration and document circulation; continue work on the development of measures within the BEPS, optimization of the organizational and functional structure of tax and customs authorities, stimulation of voluntary payment of taxes, development of tax services, prevention of forestellation in the field of excise taxation of imports, in particular the establishment of quotas.

Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado em Português como Língua Estrangeira e Língua Segunda (PLELS) apresentado à Faculdade de Letras
Este projeto tem como objetivo selecionar léxico de aprendizagem adequado para os aprendentes da língua portuguesa do nível A1 (segundo o QECRL-Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas). Trata-se, nomeadamente, de desenvolver recursos digitais para o desenvolvimento do léxico de aprendentes de PLNM (Português Língua Não Materna) do nível A1 no âmbito temático das refeições e alimentação. Como sabemos, o léxico ocupa um papel essencial e muito importante na aprendizagem de uma língua, seja língua materna (LM), seja língua não materna (LNM). Com o desenvolvimento de tecnologia, o uso de recursos digitais facilita o domínio de léxico. Neste projeto apresenta-se o uso do aplicativo Anki (cartões com 2 faces) que ajuda os aprendentes do nível A1 a memorizarem as palavras relativas a alimentação e às refeições com mais eficácia a longo prazo. Para concretizar o projeto, desenvolveram-se uma série de processos: a seleção das palavras, das imagens e das gravações-áudio do léxico, bem como a verificação das respetivas divisões silábicas e das transcrições fonéticas. Além disso, para evitar efietos de ambiguidade das imagens, administrou-se também um inquérito a falantes nativos do português europeu de diferentes idades, sexos e nível de escolaridade.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
This project aims at selecting appropriate lexicon for students of Portuguese as a foreign language (PFL) of the A1 level (according to the CEFRL- Common European Framework of Reference for Language). Specifically, the project consists in the development of digital resources for learning the lexicon of the thematic field of meals and food by A1 level students of PFL. As we all know, the lexicon plays a very essential and important role in learning a language, whether the mother language or a non native language. With the development of tecnology,the use of digital resources facilitates the assinilation of the lexicon. This project prests the use of the application Anki (cards with 2 sides) that helps A1 level students to memorize efficiently the selected lexicon in the long term. To fulfil the project, a series of processes have been undetaken: the selection of the words, the images, and the audio recordings of the words, besides the verification of their syllable divisions and phonetic transcriptions. Moreover, to avoid the effects of ambiguity of the images, an inquiry was conducted with native speakers of European Portuguese of different ages, genders and education levels........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Niniejsza praca doktorska poświęcona jest kontaktom polsko-włoskim w obszarze kultury w latach 1945-1980. Celem rozprawy jest ukazanie rozwoju wzajemnych stosunków dwóch państw w tym okresie poprzez analizę wydarzeń i związków kulturalnych zachodzących pomiędzy nimi, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli, jaką odegrała kultura w ich wzajemnych relacjach. Badanie zostało podzielone na dwie części. Część pierwsza ukazuje rozwój kontaktów kulturalnych pomiędzy dwoma państwami w sferze stosunków oficjalnych w trzech podstawowych czasookresach, czemu odpowiadają trzy kolejne rozdziały tej części pracy. W rozdziale pierwszym przedstawiono kontakty polsko-włoskie w latach 1945-1955. Dwustronne relacje wznowiły się wówczas po II wojnie światowej oraz przechodziły przez trudny dla tych stosunków okres nasilenia zimnej wojny końca lat 40. i początku lat 50., w którym uległy osłabieniu. W rozdziale drugim, obejmującym drugą połowę lat 50. i lata 60., ukazano próby ponownego ożywienia wzajemnej kooperacji dwóch państw w sytuacji odwilży w stosunkach pomiędzy dwoma przeciwnymi blokami politycznymi, do których należały podówczas dwa nasze państwa, oraz rozwinięcie współpracy po polskim Październiku 1956 roku, stanowiącym również element sprzyjający rozwojowi wzajemnych kontaktów. A ponadto stopniowe intensyfikowanie się tych kontaktów w latach 60., wyrażające się w składaniu sobie przez przedstawicieli dwóch rządów (Republiki Włoskiej i PRL) wzajemnych wizyt państwowych i przełamaniu tendencji wstrzymywania dialogu z okresu nasilenia zimnej wojny, oraz podpisaniu umowy kulturalnej pomiędzy nimi, umożliwiającej dalsze rozwinięcie wzajemnych stosunków w tej dziedzinie. Rozdział trzeci wreszcie poświęcono współpracy polsko-włoskiej z lat 70., kiedy współpraca ta była już znacznie rozwinięta i udogodniona. Jako materiał źródłowy do tej części pracy posłużyły głównie dokumenty z Archiwum polskiego Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych, wzbogacone o doniesienia prasowe i dostępną literaturę, dotyczącą omawianych zagadnień. W tej części rozprawy starano się ukazać ewolucję polsko-włoskich kontaktów kulturalnych, od nawiązania wzajemnych stosunków, poprzez ich osłabienie, ponowne ożywienie i rozwój, uwidaczniając jak kultura pomagała relacjom tym wznawiać się, trwać i rozwijać. W części drugiej rozprawy, stanowiącej uzupełnienie części pierwszej, ukazane zostały kontakty osobiste intelektualistów, pisarzy i publicystów z Włochami, jak również obecność włoskiej literatury współczesnej w Polsce. Materiał badawczy dotyczący tej części pracy był dość urozmaicony. Obejmował bowiem korespondencję Polaków, ludzi kultury, przesyłaną do Włoch oraz niektóre listy włoskie, publikacje pokonferencyjne Stacji Naukowej PAN w Rzymie oraz publikacje, jakie ukazały się po konferencjach, organizowanych przez Polską Akademię Nauk we współpracy z wenecką Fundacją Giorgio Cini w latach 60. i 70.. Za materiał badawczy posłużyły tutaj także przekazy osobiste pisarzy polskich, w tym zwłaszcza: Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza, Tadeusza Brezy, Eugeniusza Kabatca, Wacława Kubackiego i Mariana Brandysa, oraz inne wspomnienia i dzieła literackie polskich pisarzy i publicystów, zrodzone z ich kontaktów z Włochami w przedziale lat 1945-1980. W osobnym rozdziale drugiej części rozprawy, podjęto analizę rozwoju polsko-włoskich kontaktów kulturalnych w oparciu o tłumaczoną w Polsce włoską literaturę współczesną. W tej końcowej już części pracy starano się ukazać odzwierciedlony w doborze utworów włoskich przeznaczonych do przetłumaczenia rozwój kontaktów polsko-włoskich w wyszczególnionych tutaj dwóch okresach: pierwszym powojennym, obejmującego koniec lat 40. i lata 50., oraz drugim lat 60. i 70.. Badanie nad przekładami dodatkowo wzbogacono o sylwetki czterech wybranych tłumaczy: Barbary Sieroszewskiej, Zofii Ernstowej, Stanisława Kasprzysiaka i Haliny Kralowej, którzy odegrali istotną rolę w propagowaniu literatury włoskiej w badanym okresie. Praca badawcza dowiodła, że kultura w całym okresie powojennym lat 1945-1980 łączyła oba narody, stanowiąc w trudnej częstokroć sytuacji podziałów i utrzymujących się trudności w sferze politycznej, swoiste spoiwo, które pozwalało kontaktom tym przetrwać przez wszystkie trudne okresy, a następnie wznawiać się i rozwijać.
This doctoral thesis addresses Polish-Italian contacts in the field of culture in the years 1945-1980. The purpose of the research is to show development of mutual relations between the two countries within the above period through analysis of events and cultural relations between them, especially bearing in mind the role played by culture in their mutual relations. The work is divided into two parts. The first part presents the development of cultural contacts between the two countries in the area of official relations during three basic time periods, which are reflected in three subsequent chapters of this part of the work. The first chapter presents Polish-Italian contacts in the years 1945-1955. During such period, their bilateral relations were re-established after the Second World War, and went through a Cold War intensification period, difficult for such relations, at the end of the 40’s and at the beginning of the 50’s, where they became weaker. In the second chapter comprising the second half of the 50’s and the 60’s, I presented attempts of re-invigorating the mutual co-operation of the both countries in the situation of political thaw in relations between two opposite political blocks in which our two states participated at that time, and development of co-operation after the Polish October 1956, which was also an element encouraging development of mutual contacts. Furthermore, gradual intensification of such contacts in the 60’s, reflected in reciprocal state visits of representatives of the two governments (the Italian Republic and the People’s Republic of Poland), and breaking the trend to suspend their dialogue from the period of intensification of the Cold War, and signing a cultural treaty between them which facilitated further development of mutual relations in this field. Finally, the third chapter was dedicated to Polish-Italian cooperation in the 70’s, when such cooperation was already significantly developed and facilitated. As source materials for this part of the work, I have used mainly documents from the Archives of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, plus press releases and available literature regarding the matters concerned. In this part of the thesis I tried to show the evolution of Polish-Italian cultural contacts, beginning with the establishment of mutual contacts, through their weakening, reinvigoration and development, showing how culture helped re-establish, maintain and develop such relations. In the second part of the thesis, which supplements the first part, personal contacts of intellectuals, writers and journalists with Italy, as well as the presence of Italian contemporary literature in Poland, were presented. The research material regarding this part of the work was quite varied, as it included correspondence of Poles, cultural figures, sent to Italy, and certain Italian letters, post-conference publications of the Scientific Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Rome and publications after conferences organised by the Polish Academy of Sciences in co-operation with the Giorgio Cini Foundation, Venice, in the 60’s and 70’s. As research material here I have used personal messages from Polish writers, including in particular: Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, Tadeusz Breza, Eugeniusz Kabatc, Wacław Kubacki and Marian Brandys, and other memoirs and literary works of Polish writers and journalists, originating from their contacts with Italy in the period 1945-1980. In a separate chapter of the second part of the thesis, the development of Polish-Italian cultural contacts was analysed based on the Italian contemporary literature translated in Poland. In this final part of the work, I tried to show the development of Polish-Italian contacts reflected in the selection of Italian works intended to be translated during two periods detailed here: the first post-war period comprising the end of the 40’s and the 50’s, and the second period comprising the 60’s and the 70’s. Profiles of four selected translators: Barbara Sieroszewska, Zofia Ernstowa, Stanisław Kasprzysiak and Halina Kralowa, who played a significant role in promoting Italian literature during the period under research, were added to the chapter on translations. The research work proved that culture within the entire post-war period in the years 1945-1980 connected both nations, being, in a situation of divisions and continuing difficulties in the political sphere, a kind of binding material which made it possible for such contacts to survive all difficult periods, and then re-establish and grow.

Tematem rozprawy uczyniono analizę wycinka słownictwa poezji Wacława Potockiego (1621–1696). Na potrzeby badań ekscerpcji poddano próbę tekstową objętości 3000 linijek (wersów) pochodzących z trzech najbardziej znanych dzieł barokowego poety, to jest Transakcji wojny chocimskiej, Ogrodu nie plewionego i Moraliów. Podstawę źródłową badań stanowiło trzytomowe wydanie Dzieł W. Potockiego w edycji Leszka Kukulskiego (1987). Integralną częścią dysertacji stał się słownik języka autora, gromadzący całość zebranego materiału leksykalnego. Oprócz tegoż Słownika języka Wacława Potockiego (SJWPot), liczącego 6116 jednostek hasłowych, do pracy dołączono również dwa inne leksykony języka idiolektu, zawierające 1149 związków frazeologicznych (Słownik frazeologizmów Wacława Potockiego – SFWPot) oraz 679 łączliwych związków wyrazowych (Słownik kolokacji Wacława Potockiego – SKWPot). Na podstawie haseł SJWPot przeprowadzono kilkupłaszczyznową analizę językoznawczą, która przybrała postać analizy etymologicznej, słowotwórczej, semantycznej i leksykograficznej. Pomocniczo zgromadzoną leksykę poddano także analizie rejestrująco-opisowej, statystycznej, onomastycznej oraz analizie porównawczej. Każdy z wymienionych typów analizy miał na celu zbadanie wyekscerpowanego materiału pod innym kątem. Tak więc dzięki analizie genetycznej możliwe stało się oszacowanie, jaki procent słownictwa utworów W. Potockiego stanowiły jednostki rodzime, a jaki wyrazy obce. Wśród tych ostatnich za interesujące uznano zwłaszcza to, z którego języka wybrany pisarz czerpał najwięcej inspiracji. A zatem czy była to bardzo rozpowszechniona w XVII w. łacina, czy może W. Potocki preferował inne źródła zapożyczeń, np. niemieckie i czeskie? Zenon Klemensiewicz dowodził zbytniego nasycenia poezji autora Moraliów latynizmami, podczas gdy Aleksander Brückner wskazywał na dominujące w niej pożyczki węgierskie, tatarskie oraz ruskie. Autorka dysertacji starała się ustosunkować do opinii wymienionych badaczy, próbując zarazem dociec, w jakim stopniu ich sądy znalazły potwierdzenie w zebranym materiale. Z kolei słowa Janusza S. Gruchały zmotywowały ją do sprawdzenia, jak prezentuje się zgromadzone słownictwo pod względem realizowanych w jego obrębie kategorii, technik oraz typów słowotwórczych. Informacji na ten temat dostarczyła analiza strukturalna leksyki rodzimej, w tym analiza jednostek derywowanych od innych wyrazów już po wyodrębnieniu się języka polskiego ze wspólnoty prasłowiańskiej. Przyjęcie synchroniczno-diachronicznej perspektywy badawczej pozwoliło wskazać na pewne upodobania indywidualne W. Potockiego w zakresie tworzenia jednostek leksykalnych, jak też umożliwiło ono wysnucie pewnych wniosków dotyczących całego średniopolskiego podsystemu słowotwórczego polszczyzny. Dzięki obranemu trybowi postępowania chociaż w części możliwe stało się wypełnienie luki powstałej po opracowaniu przez językoznawców wzorca opisu staropolskiego systemu słowotwórczego (Kleszczowa, 1996, 1998, 2003, 2015), a jeszcze wcześniej – współczesnego (Grzegorczykowa, Laskowski i in, 1999). Strukturę tematyczną zebranego materiału zbadano z zastosowaniem metody pól leksykalno-semantycznych, wzorując się na podziale polowym słownictwa staropolskiego w opracowaniu Stanisława Dubisza. Zasadniczym celem tego etapu analizy było sprawdzenie, wokół jakich kręgów znaczeniowych sytuowało się słownictwo dzieł twórcy Ogrodu nie plewionego. Stosunki jakościowo- -ilościowe zaobserwowane pomiędzy wyodrębnionymi zbiorami wyrazów miały pomóc stwierdzić, czy najpłodniejszy poeta epoki baroku rzeczywiście interesował się „wszystkim” i „wszystkimi”. Dotychczas bowiem badacze tej spuścizny literackiej podkreślali ogromną różnorodność tematów w niej poruszanych. Kolejny etap podjętych badań stanowiła analiza leksykograficzna materiału, mająca na celu udokumentowanie kilkuset haseł SJWPot w reprezentatywnych opracowaniach słownikowych. Aby warstwę leksykalną utworów XVII-wiecznego autora móc ukazać w przekroju synchroniczno- -diachronicznym, kwerendą objęto słowniki gromadzące zasób wyrazowy polszczyzny, począwszy od epoki staropolskiej po początek wieku XIX. Były nimi: Słownik staropolski, Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku, Elektroniczny słownik języka polskiego XVII i XVIII wieku, Słownik języka polskiego Samuela Bogumiła Lindego oraz leksykon pisarza w postaci Słownika języka Jana Chryzostoma Paska. Ze względu na obszerność prezentowanego materiału zrezygnowano zaś z oddzielnych rozdziałów poświęconych wyekscerpowanym nazwom własnym i frazeologizmom. Przedłożona rozprawa doktorska składa się z pięciu rozdziałów, w tym dwóch rozdziałów teoretycznych i trzech analitycznych. Po krótkim Wstępie informującym o celach, założeniach i strukturze pracy w rozdziale pierwszym autorka uzasadnia wybór tematu badawczego, objaśnia kryteria doboru próby materiałowej i podaję jej zakres, a także prezentuje stan badań nad twórczością W. Potockiego. Dalsza część rozdziału pierwszego zawiera charakterystykę epoki, w której żył i tworzył autor Moraliów, oraz omówienie najważniejszych pojęć i terminów związanych z barokiem. W tym fragmencie dysertacji zamieszczono również kalendarium życia i twórczości XVII-wiecznego poety. Rozdział drugi w całości poświęcono opisowi metodologii, kierunków i narzędzi badawczych wykorzystanych podczas analizy wybranego wycinka języka pisarza. Część teoretyczną pracy kończy podrozdział zatytułowany: Słownik języka Wacława Potockiego. Idea, struktura, zasady opracowania. Trzeci rozdział rozpoczyna część analityczną rozprawy i stanowi zarazem jej najobszerniejszy fragment. Tworzą go dwa mniejsze podrozdziały, wyodrębnione na podstawie wyników analizy genetycznej przyjętej próby materiałowej. W pierwszej części rozdziału zaprezentowano zbiór słownictwa rodzimego, w obrębie którego odpowiednio wcześniej wydzielono wyrazy podstawowe (niederywowane na gruncie polskim) oraz pochodne słowotwórczo. Ważny etap podjętych badań stanowiła analiza strukturalna tych ostatnich, polegająca na pogrupowaniu jednostek motywowanych słowotwórczo według typów, kategorii i technik derywacyjnych. W części drugiej rozdziału trzeciego, zawierającej charakterystykę zapożyczeń, umieszczono dane jakościowo-ilościowe obrazujące podział leksemów obcych według źródła pochodzenia, przedmiotu zapożyczenia oraz stopnia ich przyswojenia do polskiego systemu językowego. W rozdziale czwartym przedstawiono wyniki analizy leksykalno-semantycznej materiału, przeprowadzonej przy użyciu metody pól wyrazowych. Jeden z podrozdziałów rozdziału czwartego przeznaczono na charakterystykę słownictwa zgromadzonego w polu <„Metajęzyk” człowieka>, w którym to polu, zgodnie z przyjętą klasyfikacją, oprócz większości wyrazów funkcyjnych znalazły się również wyekscerpowane nazwy własne. Rozdział piąty dysertacji traktuje przede wszystkim o wynikach badań statystycznych. Ponadto w rozdziale tym omówiono wyniki badań leksykograficznych, obejmujących określony wycinek słownictwa dzieł W. Potockiego. Wnioski z przeprowadzonej analizy mieści syntetyzujące Zakończenie. Rozprawę zamykają: wykaz stosowanych skrótów i oznaczeń, indeks tabel znajdujących się w tekście głównym rozprawy, bibliografia uwzględniająca słowniki i inne źródła (elektroniczne) oraz dwuczęściowy aneks w wersji tradycyjnej i multimedialnej. Pierwszą część aneksu stanowią tabele załączone do dysertacji wraz z indeksem do nich. Drugi z aneksów, umieszczony na nośniku elektronicznym (płyta CD), zawiera trzy słowniki gromadzące leksykę utworów wybranego autora, tj. SJWPot, SFWPot oraz SKWPot. „Język J.Ch. Paska reprezentuje zasób leksykalny przeciętnego Polaka szlachcica z XVII wieku” – stwierdziła niegdyś Maria Borejszo w jednym z artykułów traktujących o leksyce Pamiętników Jana Chryzostoma Paska. Wnioski wyprowadzone z analizy porównawczej ujawniły podobieństwo jakościowo-ilościowe łączące warstwę słowną tekstu prozatorskiego z materiałem wyekscerpowanym z wycinka poezji W. Potockiego. Zarówno autor Ogrodu nie plewionego, jak i Jan Chryzostom Pasek najczęściej posługiwali się w swoich utworach wyrazami odziedziczonymi przez polszczyznę po wiekach poprzednich, w tym dużą liczbą jednostek niepodzielnych słowotwórczo i o najstarszej genezie w naszym języku. Wbrew też przypuszczeniom wysuwanym przez badaczy polszczyzny okresu średniopolskiego, żaden z autorów nie nadużywał zapożyczeń z języków obcych, przy czym XVII-wieczny poeta sięgał po nie rzadziej niż pamiętnikarz. Wacław Potocki okazał się tradycjonalistą językowym nie tylko w zakresie doboru słownictwa rodzimego, lecz także obcego i częściej niż średniopolskie latynizmy stosował w swoich wierszach pożyczki niemieckie, przejęte do polszczyzny przeważnie już w średniowieczu. Podobnie jak słownictwo zapożyczane z innych języków były to w zdecydowanej większości pożyczki formalnosemantyczne przyswojone drogą słuchową i spełniające określoną (utylitarną) funkcję w tekście. W przeciwieństwie do prozy Pamiętników J.Ch. Paska poezja W. Potockiego okazała się wolna od wspomnianej przez M. Borejszo „powodzi” makaronizmów, co jednak należy uznać za typowe dla ówcześnie powstających utworów wierszowanych.
The subject of this dissertation is the analysis of a part of Wacław Potocki's poetry vocabulary. For the purposes of the study, a text sample of 3000 verses from three representative works of the 17th-century poet (Transakcja wojny chocimskiej, Ogród nie plewiony, Moralia) was excerpted. The three-volume edition of Wacław Potocki's Dzieła edited by Leszek Kukulski (1987) was adopted as the source for the study. A dictionary of the author's language is an integral part of the dissertation, bringing together all the collected lexis: Słownik języka Wacława Potockiego (SJWPot), Słownik frazeologizmów Wacława Potockiego (SFWPot) and Słownik kolokacji Wacława Potockiego (SKWPot). On the basis of the SJWPot entries a linguistic analysis was conducted at several levels: etymological, word-formation, semantic and lexicographical. The collected lexica was auxiliary subjected to register-descriptive, statistical, onomastic and comparative analysis. The adoption of a synchronic-diachronic research perspective has made it possible to point to certain preferences of Wacław Potocki in the creation of lexical units, as well as to draw certain conclusions concerning the entire medieval Polish vocabulary subsystem. The thematic structure of the collected material was examined using the method of lexical-semantic fields. The next stage of the research was a lexicographic analysis of the material, aimed at documenting several hundred SJWPot entries in representative dictionary studies. The search covered five dictionaries collecting Polish word resources from the Old Polish period to the beginning of the 19th century. The dissertation consists of five chapters, including two theoretical and three analytical ones. After a short introduction informing about the aims, assumptions and structure of the work in the first chapter, the author justifies the choice of the research topic, explains the criteria for the selection of the material sample and gives its scope, as well as presents the state of research into the works of Wacław Potocki. The next part of chapter one contains the characteristics of the epoch, in which the author of Moralia lived and worked, and a discussion of the most important concepts and terms associated with the Baroque. In this part of the work there is also a calendar of life and work of the seventeenth-century poet. The second chapter is entirely devoted to the description of methodology, directions and research tools used in the analysis of a selected fragment of the writer's language. The theoretical part of the work ends with a subsection entitled: Słownik języka Wacława Potockiego. Idea, struktura, zasady opracowania. The third chapter begins the analytical part of the dissertation and constitutes its most extensive fragment. It consists of two smaller subsections, distinguished on the basis of the results of the genetic analysis of the material sample. In the first part of the chapter a set of native vocabulary is presented, within which basic (non-derivative) words and words derived from it are distinguished. The first stage of the research was a structural analysis of the latter, consisting in grouping the vocabulary-motivated units according to types, categories and derivational techniques. In the second part of the third chapter, which was devoted to the characteristics of borrowings, the qualitative-quantitative data were placed showing the division of foreign lexemes according to the source of origin, the object of borrowing and the degree of their assimilation into the Polish language system. The fourth chapter presents the results of lexical-semantic analysis of the material, conducted with the use of the word field method. The fifth chapter deals mainly with the results of statistical research. In addition, the chapter discusses the results of lexicographic research, covering a specific section of vocabulary of Wacław Potocki's works. Conclusions from the conducted analysis are included in the conclusion. The dissertation ends with a list of abbreviations and designations used, an index of tables included in the main text of the dissertation, a bibliography including dictionaries and other sources and a two-part appendix in traditional and multimedia versions. The first part of the appendix consists of tables attached to the dissertation together with an index to them. The second part of the appendix, placed on an electronic carrier, contains three dictionaries collecting the lexicon of works of a selected author – SJWPot, SFWPot and SKWPot. As the analysis has shown, Wacław Potocki most frequently used words inherited by the Polish language from previous centuries, including a large number of units with indivisible vocabulary and the oldest origins in our language. Contrary to the assumptions put forward by scholars of the Polish language of the Middle Polish period, the author of Moralia did not overuse borrowings from foreign languages. Wacław Potocki turned out to be a traditionalist not only in his choice of native vocabulary, but also of foreign languages, and more often than Middle Polish latinisms, he used German loans in his poems, which were brought into Polish mostly as early as the Middle Ages. Like the vocabulary borrowed from other languages, these were mostly formal- -semantic loans acquired by ear and fulfilling a utilitarian function in the text. In contrast to the prose of Pamiętniki of Jan Chryzostom Pasek, Wacław Potocki's poetry turned out to be free of macaronisms, which, however, should be considered typical of poems written at that time.