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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Corneal endothelium

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Academic literature on the topic 'Corneal endothelium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Corneal endothelium"

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Chirila, Traian V., Peter W. Madden, and Lawrie W. Hirst. "Replacement of the Corneal Endothelium and the Conceptual Framework for an Artificial Substitute." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 5 (February 2010): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.5.13.

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Dysfunction of the corneal endothelium due to cell loss caused by aging, disease or trauma can lead to severe visual impairment and blindness. Traditionally, dysfunctional endothelia are managed surgically, by removing the entire central cornea and transplanting either donor corneal tissue (penetrating keratoplasty), or just endothelia isolated from donor corneas. As in many cases it is only the corneal endothelium requiring replacement, many attempts were made over the last decades to develop an endothelial substitute, thereby precluding the need for the use of full donor corneas. This article reviews these attempts, which include artificial membranes, cell-coated corneal transplants, and cell-coated membranes. The presumption of an artificial corneal endothelium capable of duplicating the transendothelial ion-and-fluid transport function is examined in light of the latest hypotheses regarding the mechanism of this function.

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Ong, Keith. "SLT may compromise the corneal endothelium." Asian Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 3 (April 1, 2014): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35119/asjoo.v13i3.129.

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Purpose: Whitish spots are sometimes noted in the corneal endothelium after Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT). One wonders whether this could be laser burns to the corneal endothelium. To evaluate the corneal endothelium after SLT, corneal specular microscopy was performed before and after SLT.Method: 20 patients with open angle glaucoma, who had SLT in February-March 2012, had their corneal endothelium examined with specular microscopy before and after SLT.Results: 4 of the 20 patients showed numerous dark patches/spots on specular microscopy photographs of corneal endothelium after SLT. These dark patches/spots were found to have resolved by one month. 6 of the 20 patients showed few dark patches/spots after SLT. 10 patients had no significant dark patches/spots after SLT.Conclusion: The effect of SLT on the corneal endothelium is probably transient, and longterm effects probably negligible in normal corneas. However, in compromised corneas and corneas with pigment deposits on endothelium or reduced corneal endothelial transparency, there may be a risk of corneal endothelial compromise especially following repeated SLT. The results of this study highlight caution when deciding to do repeat SLT.

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Guimarães, Celeste B., Luciane Albuquerque, Marcela Torikachvili, Eduarda V. Vargas, Cecilia C. Dall’Agnol, Tanise C. Silva, and João A. T. Pigatto. "Effects of atracurium besylate on corneal endothelium of chickens: in vitro study." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 1 (January 2019): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5595.

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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of atracurium besylate on cellular damage in corneal endothelium of chickens. Twenty healthy chicken eyes were assigned to the following groups: Group 1 (G1), experimental group (n=10); and Group 2 (G2), control (n=10). Excised corneoscleral buttons were immediately placed on glass microscopy slides with endothelial region faced up. Corneal endothelium of eyes in G1 were covered with AB (0.2mL, 10mg/mL) for 3 min and then rinsed with balanced salt solution (BSS), while the corneal endothelium of eyes in G2 were covered with BBS for 3 min. Corneas from both groups were stained with alizarin red/trypan blue and visualized by light microscopy. Ten random photographs were taken from each cornea. The area of cellular damage was measured by software in all samples and cell loss of each group was averaged and compared. Endothelial area of denudation and Descemet’s membrane exposure were higher in G1 than G2. In conclusion, atracurium besylate induced an acute damage on corneal endothelium of chickens.

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Hussain, Noor Ahmed, Francisco C. Figueiredo, and Che J. Connon. "Use of biomaterials in corneal endothelial repair." Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology 13 (January 2021): 251584142110582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25158414211058249.

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Human corneal endothelium (HCE) is a single layer of hexagonal cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea. It forms the barrier that separates the aqueous humor from the rest of the corneal layers (stroma and epithelium layer). This layer plays a fundamental role in maintaining the hydration and transparency of the cornea, which in turn ensures a clear vision. In vivo, human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) are generally believed to be nonproliferating. In many cases, due to their nonproliferative nature, any damage to these cells can lead to further issues with Descemet’s membrane (DM), stroma and epithelium which may ultimately lead to hazy vision and blindness. Endothelial keratoplasties such as Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DEK) are the standard surgeries routinely used to restore vision following endothelial failure. Basically, these two similar surgical techniques involve the replacement of the diseased endothelial layer in the center of the cornea by a healthy layer taken from a donor cornea. Globally, eye banks are facing an increased demand to provide corneas that have suitable features for transplantation. Consequently, it can be stated that there is a significant shortage of corneal grafting tissue; for every 70 corneas required, only 1 is available. Nowadays, eye banks face long waiting lists due to shortage of donors, seriously aggravated when compared with previous years, due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, there is an urgent need to find alternative and more sustainable sources for treating endothelial diseases, such as utilizing bioengineering to use of biomaterials as a remedy. The current review focuses on the use of biomaterials to repair the corneal endothelium. A range of biomaterials have been considered based on their promising results and outstanding features, including previous studies and their key findings in the context of each biomaterial.

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Andrade, M. C. C., T. M. Moreno, M. S. Muccillo, J. A. T. Pigatto, and E. V. Camilo. "Evaluation of equine corneal endothelium after exposure to 0.05% brilliant blue - an in vitro study." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 71, no. 4 (August 2019): 1158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9969.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effects of 0.05% brilliant blue on corneal endothelium of horses. Thirty-eight corneas of 19 horses, male or female, of different ages were studied. Corneas were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1: Corneal endothelium was covered with 0.3mL of brilliant blue 0.05% for 60 seconds followed by rinsing with a balanced salt solution. Group 2: Corneal endothelium was covered with BSS for 60 seconds. The corneas were excised with an 8mm trephine and prepared to analyze posterior endothelial surface using a light microscope (24 corneas) and a scanning electron microscope (14 corneas). The equine posterior corneal endothelium surface observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed a continuous layer of polygonal cells of uniform size and shape in both the control and treatment groups. Due to non-normal residuals at ANOVA mean comparison, a generalized linear model was utilized at 5% level of significance. The chi-square test stated that treatment and control group were not different statistically. The 0.05% brilliant blue did not cause damage to equine corneal endothelium.

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Wang, Xuemei, Yanlin Zhong, Minghui Liang, Zhirong Lin, Huping Wu, and Cheng Li. "Crosslinking-Induced Corneal Endothelium Dysfunction and Its Protection by Topical Ripasudil Treatment." Disease Markers 2022 (January 13, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5179247.

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Purpose. To investigate the changes of corneal endothelium under different crosslinking conditions and the protective effect of ripasudil. Methods. Corneal crosslinking groups were infiltrated with riboflavin and subsequently irradiated with 0.54 J/cm2 or 1.08 J/cm2 UVA, while noncrosslinking groups included neither UVA nor riboflavin treatment, only 1.08 J/cm2 UVA and only riboflavin treatment. Corneal opacity, variations in corneal endothelial cells, and corneal thickness of all groups were observed by slit lamp, in vivo confocal microscopy, and optical coherence tomography. Immunofluorescence staining and scanning electron microscopy were performed to evaluate changes in the structure and function of the corneal endothelium. The mice that received a corneal crosslinking dose of 1.08 J/cm2 were instilled with ripasudil to explore its protective effect on the corneal endothelium. Results. Treatment with UVA and riboflavin caused an increase in corneal opacity and corneal thickness and decreased endothelial cell density. Furthermore, treatment with UVA and riboflavin caused endothelial cell DNA damage and destroyed the tight junction and pump function of the endothelium, while riboflavin or the same dose of UVA alone did not affect the endothelium. Ripasudil reduced DNA damage in endothelial cells, increased the density of cells, and protected the endothelium’s integrity and function. Conclusion. Riboflavin combined with UVA can damage the corneal endothelium’s normal functioning. The corneal endothelium’s wound healing is dose-dependent, and the ROCK inhibitor ripasudil maintains the endothelium’s pump and barrier functions.

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Terzariol, Mariana, Paula S. Hünning, Gustavo Brambatti, Luciane de Albuquerque, Carolina Neumann, and João A. T. Pigatto. "Effects of intracameral brilliant blue on the corneal endothelium of swine: in vitro study." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, no. 8 (August 2016): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016000800016.

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Abstract: The aim was to investigate the ultrastructural changes in the corneal endothelium of pigs induced by intracameral 0.05% brilliant blue. Twenty swine corneas were separated into two groups, the right eye bulbs (control group) and the left eye bulbs (experimental group) of the same animal. All the eye bulbs were evaluated with specular microscopy. The cornea of the right eye bulbs was excised and in the left eye bulbs 0.2ml of 0.05% brilliant blue vital dye (OPTH-blue±) was injected into the anterior chamber, where it remained for one minute. Then the anterior chamber was cleaned with a balanced salt solution injection and the cornea was excised too. All the corneas were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the changes on the endothelium caused by the brilliant blue dye. There were no significant differences between the right corneal endothelium cells and the left corneal endothelium cells with scanning electron microscopy after intracameral use of 0.05% brilliant blue dye. The 0.05% brilliant blue dye concentration did not cause deleterious effects for the swine corneal endothelium after intracameral use and can be a choice for safe staining of the anterior capsule of the lens in cataract surgery.

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Feizi, Sepehr. "Corneal endothelial cell dysfunction: etiologies and management." Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology 10 (January 2018): 251584141881580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515841418815802.

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A transparent cornea is essential for the formation of a clear image on the retina. The human cornea is arranged into well-organized layers, and each layer plays a significant role in maintaining the transparency and viability of the tissue. The endothelium has both barrier and pump functions, which are important for the maintenance of corneal clarity. Many etiologies, including Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy, surgical trauma, and congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy, lead to endothelial cell dysfunction. The main treatment for corneal decompensation is replacement of the abnormal corneal layers with normal donor tissue. Nowadays, the trend is to perform selective endothelial keratoplasty, including Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty, to manage corneal endothelial dysfunction. This selective approach has several advantages over penetrating keratoplasty, including rapid recovery of visual acuity, less likelihood of graft rejection, and better patient satisfaction. However, the global limitation in the supply of donor corneas is becoming an increasing challenge, necessitating alternatives to reduce this demand. Consequently, in vitro expansion of human corneal endothelial cells is evolving as a sustainable choice. This method is intended to prepare corneal endothelial cells in vitro that can be transferred to the eye. Herein, we describe the etiologies and manifestations of human corneal endothelial cell dysfunction. We also summarize the available options for as well as recent developments in the management of corneal endothelial dysfunction.

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Baturina, G. S., I. G. Palchikova, A. A. Konev, E. S. Smirnov, L. E. Katkova, E. I. Solenov, and I. А. Iskakov. "STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF HYPOTHERMIC CONSERVATION ON THE INTRACELLULAR SODIUM CONCENTRATION IN THE ENDOTHELIUM OF CORNEAL TRANSPLANTS." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 22, no. 4 (July 3, 2018): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj18.379.

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Endothelial keratoplasty has become the treatment of choice for corneal endothelial dysfunction. Advancements in the surgical treatment of corneal endothelial diseases depend on progress in graft conservation and its related advantages in assessing the suitability of grafts for transplantation. Transport of water and ions by cornea endothelium is important for the optic properties of cornea. In this work, we study the intracellular sodium concentration in cornea endothelial cells in samples of pig cornea that underwent hypothermic conservation for 1 and 10 days and endothelial cells of human cornea grafts after 10-day conservation. The concentration of intracellular sodium in preparations of endothelial cells was assayed using fluorescent dye SodiumGreen. The fluorescent images were analyzed with the custom-made computer program CytoDynamics. An increased level of intracellular sodium was shown in the endothelium after 10-day conservation in comparison with one-day conservation (pig samples). Sodium permeability of pig endothelial cell plasma membranes significantly decreased in these samples. Assessment of intracellular sodium in human cornea endothelium showed a higher level – as was in analogues pig samples of the corneal endothelium. The assay of the intracellular sodium balance concentration established in endothelial cells after hypothermic conservation in mediums L-15 and Optisol-GS showed a significant advantage of specialized me dium Optisol-GS. The balanced intracellular concentration after 10 days of hypothermic conservation was significantly lower in cells incubated at 4 °C in Optisol-GS (L-15, 128 ± 14, n = 15; Optisol-GS, 108 ± 14, n = 11; mM, p < 0.001). Intracellular sodium concentration could be a useful parameter for assessing cornea endothelium cell viability.

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Bryant, M. R., and P. J. McDonnell. "A Triphasic Analysis of Corneal Swelling and Hydration Control." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2798004.

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Physiological studies strongly support the view that hydration control in the cornea is dependent on active ion transport at the corneal endothelium. However, the mechanism by which endothelial ion transport regulates corneal thickness has not been elaborated in detail. In this study, the corneal stroma is modeled as a triphasic material under steady-state conditions. An ion flux boundary condition is developed to represent active transport at the endothelium. The equations are solved in cylindrical coordinates for confined compression and in spherical coordinates to represent an intact cornea. The model provides a mechanism by which active ion transport at the endothelium regulates corneal hydration and provides a basis for explaining the origin of the “imbibition pressure” and stromal “swelling pressure.” The model encapsulates the Donnan view of corneal swelling as well as the “pump-leak hypothesis.”

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Corneal endothelium"

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Sheng, Huan. "Factors affecting corneal endothelial morphology." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141395542.

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McGowan, Sara L. "Stem cell markers in the posterior limbus and cornea." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007r/mcgowan.pdf.

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Arancibia, Carcamo Carolina Virgina. "Class II MHC on corneal endothelium : implications for corneal transplantation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395028.

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Parker, Douglas George Anthony, and park0290@flinders edu au. "Lentivirus-mediated gene expression in corneal endothelium." Flinders University. Medicine, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20081204.094431.

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Modulation of corneal transplant rejection using gene therapy shows promise in experimental models but the most appropriate vector for gene transfer is yet to be determined. The overarching aim of the thesis was to evaluate the potential of a lentiviral vector for use in human corneal transplantation. Specific aims were: (i) to assess the ability of an HIV-1-based lentiviral vector to mediate expression of the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP), and a model secreted protein interleukin-10 (IL10), in ovine and human corneal endothelium; and (ii) to examine the influence of lentivirus-mediated IL10 expression on the survival of ovine corneal allografts. Four lentiviral vectors expressing eYFP under the control of different promoters, were tested: the simian virus type-40 (SV40) early promoter, the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter, the elongation factor-1alpha (EF) promoter, and the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Two lentiviral vectors expressing IL10 were tested: one containing the SV40 promoter and another containing a steroid-inducible promoter (GRE5). Lentivirus-mediated expression in transduced ovine and human corneal endothelium was assessed by fluorescence microscopy, real-time quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA, following alterations of transduction period duration (224 hr) and vector dose, as well as in the presence or absence of polybrene or dexamethasone (GRE5 vector). It was also compared to expression mediated by adenoviral vectors. Orthotopic transplantation of ex vivo transduced donor corneas was performed in outbred sheep. Allografts were reviewed daily for vascularisation and signs of immunological rejection. Lentivirus-mediated eYFP expression was delayed in ovine corneal endothelium compared to human. However, in both species the final transduction rate was greater than 80% and expression was stable for at least 14 d in vitro. Lentivirus-mediated expression in ovine and human corneal endothelium was higher with the viral promoters in comparison to the mammalian promoters. A 24 h transduction of ovine corneal endothelium with the lentiviral vector encoding IL10 resulted in expression levels which were increasing after 15 d of organ culture but logarithmically lower than those achieved by adenovirus. Shortening the lentiviral transduction period to 2 h led to a reduction in expression, but the addition of polybrene (40 micrograms / ml) to the transduction mixture restored expression to levels comparable to those attained after a 24 h transduction period. Lentivirus-mediated IL10 expression was higher and more rapid in human corneal endothelium compared to ovine corneas. Dexamethasone-responsive transgene expression was observed in both ovine and human corneal endothelium using the lentiviral vector containing the GRE5 promoter. Lentivirus-mediated expression in ovine corneal endothelium was stable for 28 d in vivo. A modest prolongation of ovine corneal allograft survival (median of 7 d) was achieved by transduction of donor corneas for 23 h with the lentivirus expressing IL10. Attempts to increase the expression of IL10 by the addition of polybrene (40 micrograms / ml) to the transduction mixture, resulted in a toxic effect on corneal allografts which abrogated the beneficial effect of IL10. The lentiviral vector shows potential for the stable expression of therapeutic transgenes in human corneal transplantation. However, the mechanisms underlying the species-specific differences in HIV-1-mediated transgene expression will need to be elucidated and overcome if the ovine preclinical model is to provide justification for a clinical trial.

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Martins, Luís Carlos [UNESP]. "Avaliação ultra-estrutural do endotélio corneal de ratos normais e de diabéticos aloxânicos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88910.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:09:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_lc_me_botfm.pdf: 1919468 bytes, checksum: d4a42d395d3517a07ebafa18c26a4e02 (MD5)
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência do diabetes experimental sobre a ultra-estrutura do endotélio corneal de ratos. O estudo foi prospectivo, utilizando 20 ratos da raça Wistar, com 3 meses de idade, divididos em: grupo controle (GC), contendo 10 ratos, e grupo diabético (GD), contendo 10 ratos. A indução do diabetes foi feita com injeção de Aloxana endovenosa 42 mg/kg de peso (M0), após o que os animais foram observados por 15 dias para confirmar a presença de diabetes grave (M1). Um mês após M1 (M2) e 12 meses após M1 (M3) os animais foram sacrificados, sendo removidos e preparados os olhos para avaliação à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Os animais do GD mostraram importante redução de peso, aumento da injestão hídrica e aumento da diurese em relação aos ratos do GC. Na avaliação morfológica observou-se nos animais do GC corpos densos e figuras de Mielina no M3. Os ratos do GD apresentaram as mesmas alterações encontradas no GC em M3, em maior intensidade, com alterações nucleares e citoplasmáticas, como mitocôndrias bastante alteradas na forma e tamanho, rarefação do citoplasma e aumento de vesículas. Os ratos do GD em M3 apresentaram mais alterações que os do GDM2. Conclui-se que o diabetes experimental causa dano ultra-estrutural no endotélio corneal de ratos e que as alterações são evolutivas.
The objective of study was to make na assessment of experimental diabetes influence on of rats corneal endothelium ultra-structure. The study was prospective, using 20 Wistar 3-month-old rats, divided (by draw) into groups: control group (GC), with 10 rats, and diabetic group (GD), with 10 rats. The diabetes induction was made by means of intravenous injection of Aloxan 42 mg/Kg weigth. After the diabetes induction (M1), the animals had been observed for 15 days, and then, 1 month after M1 (M2) and 12 months after M1 (M3) to confirm the diagnosis of severe diabetes. At experimental moments M2 and M3, the animals eyes enucleation and preparation were carried out for assessment trough transmission eletronic microscopy. GD animals had shown significant reduction of weigth, increasing of hydric and nourishing injection and increasing of diuresis in relation to GC rats. In the morphological assessment, dense bodies and Myelin figures were observed in M3 GC animals. GC rats had presented the same alterations found in GC animals in M3, in major intensity, beyond mitochondrias rather modified in their form and size, cytoplasm rarefaction, vesicles increasing and nuclear alterations. It is concluded that experimental diabets causes ultra-structural of rats corneal endothelium.

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Martins, Luís Carlos. "Avaliação ultra-estrutural do endotélio corneal de ratos normais e de diabéticos aloxânicos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88910.

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Orientador: Silvana Artioli Schellini
Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência do diabetes experimental sobre a ultra-estrutura do endotélio corneal de ratos. O estudo foi prospectivo, utilizando 20 ratos da raça Wistar, com 3 meses de idade, divididos em: grupo controle (GC), contendo 10 ratos, e grupo diabético (GD), contendo 10 ratos. A indução do diabetes foi feita com injeção de Aloxana endovenosa 42 mg/kg de peso (M0), após o que os animais foram observados por 15 dias para confirmar a presença de diabetes grave (M1). Um mês após M1 (M2) e 12 meses após M1 (M3) os animais foram sacrificados, sendo removidos e preparados os olhos para avaliação à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Os animais do GD mostraram importante redução de peso, aumento da injestão hídrica e aumento da diurese em relação aos ratos do GC. Na avaliação morfológica observou-se nos animais do GC corpos densos e figuras de Mielina no M3. Os ratos do GD apresentaram as mesmas alterações encontradas no GC em M3, em maior intensidade, com alterações nucleares e citoplasmáticas, como mitocôndrias bastante alteradas na forma e tamanho, rarefação do citoplasma e aumento de vesículas. Os ratos do GD em M3 apresentaram mais alterações que os do GDM2. Conclui-se que o diabetes experimental causa dano ultra-estrutural no endotélio corneal de ratos e que as alterações são evolutivas.
Abstract: The objective of study was to make na assessment of experimental diabetes influence on of rats corneal endothelium ultra-structure. The study was prospective, using 20 Wistar 3-month-old rats, divided (by draw) into groups: control group (GC), with 10 rats, and diabetic group (GD), with 10 rats. The diabetes induction was made by means of intravenous injection of Aloxan 42 mg/Kg weigth. After the diabetes induction (M1), the animals had been observed for 15 days, and then, 1 month after M1 (M2) and 12 months after M1 (M3) to confirm the diagnosis of severe diabetes. At experimental moments M2 and M3, the animals eyes enucleation and preparation were carried out for assessment trough transmission eletronic microscopy. GD animals had shown significant reduction of weigth, increasing of hydric and nourishing injection and increasing of diuresis in relation to GC rats. In the morphological assessment, dense bodies and Myelin figures were observed in M3 GC animals. GC rats had presented the same alterations found in GC animals in M3, in major intensity, beyond mitochondrias rather modified in their form and size, cytoplasm rarefaction, vesicles increasing and nuclear alterations. It is concluded that experimental diabets causes ultra-structural of rats corneal endothelium.
Mestre

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Jones, Frances E. "The corneal endothelium in development, disease and surgery." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/49911/.

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Aims: The cornea is a tough, transparent tissue providing the primary refractive element of the eye. The stroma consists of specially arranged collagen required for corneal transparency. Correct stromal hydration is important in the maintenance of transparency, a feature controlled by the endothelial cells on the posterior surface of the cornea. The aims of this research were firstly to investigate the morphology of corneal endothelial cells and their expression of the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter during avian embryonic development and secondly, to clarify the effect of disease, surgery and drugs on the posterior cornea including in particular the corneal endothelium. Methods: The corneal endothelial cell morphology and posterior stroma were examined using transmission electron microscopy to determine the ultrastructure of the cells and collagen fibril arrangement in the stroma in all results chapters. Immunohistochemistry and A-scan ultrasonography were employed to identify the presence of the Na+HCO3- cotransporter and to determine the thickness changes in embryonic chick cornea, respectively. Electron tomography was also used to determine the collagen arrangement in Descemet’s membrane. Results: The expression of the Na+HCO3- cotransporter was identified in the endothelial layer of the embryonic chicks at all stages imaged. Central corneal thickness increased in the initial stages of development before a plateau between the E12-E15 developmental period followed by a steady thickness decrease. The ultrastructure of Descemet’s membrane was determined using electron tomography of transverse and en face resin embedded sections from which a model was produced. Polygonal and elongated structures were observed with proteoglycans present at the intermodal regions of the collagenous structures. The polygonal lattice visualised in en face sections appeared to be composed of stacked globular domains which were integrated into the collagen type VIII model. Predominant changes in the Col8a2 knock-in mouse models were observed in the posterior cornea. Differences included increased proteoglycans at the Descemet’s endothelial interface, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and focal posterior oedema. This animal model exhibits features similar to those seen in the human form of early-onset Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy, unlike previous models reported. The final chapter is concerned with regeneration of the corneal endothelial cells. Tissue from posterior corneal surgery examined using electron microscopy revealed the presence of the host endothelial cells and fibrous tissue at the interface in non-Descemet’s membrane stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and interface haze in Descemet’s membrane stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty. However, these features did not appear to interfere with the adhesion of the graft nor the clarity. Finally, ultrastructural analysis of Rho-kinase inhibited cells showed cells with typical morphology when compared with the untreated group Conclusions: 1) The Na+HCO3- cotransporter is present in the embryonic cornea. It is possible that the cotransporter is involved in the developmental stages and probably the thickness changes we observe during this period. 2) The ultrastructure of Descemet’s membrane appears to be composed of stacked globular domains arranged in a polygonal lattice alongside more elongated structures interspersed with proteoglycans within the internodal regions. 3) Our studies have helped validate Col4a2 mice as a promising Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy model. 4) Our investigation into posterior corneal surgery revealed ultrastructural changes that occur post-surgery at the graft interface.

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Painter, Geoffrey Thomas. "Corneal Protection in Cataract Surgery." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21214.

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Protection of the corneal endothelium is one of the most important aspects of cataract surgery. This thesis describes two studies that examine new products and techniques to protect the cornea in cataract surgery. The first study examines the corneal protective effect of a new viscoelastic, DisCoVisc, compared to two established products in a randomised control trial of 180 patients. While no objective difference in corneal protection could be found between DisCoVisc and the other two viscoelastics, DisCoVisc compared more favourably in subjective surgical behaviour when compared to Healon although no difference could be found when compared to Amvisc Plus. Complications during surgery have the potential to adversely affect the corneal endothelium. The second study is a retrospective analysis of 1589 cases of Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS) using the LenSx femtosecond laser with the SoftFit patient interface. It found the rate of capsular complications using the LenSx femtosecond laser with the SoftFit patient interface was notably lower than published rates of capsular complications with manual phacoemulsification. It compares favourably with earlier studies using the LenSx platform as well as earlier studies using other femtosecond laser platforms. This study’s result is in disagreement with a meta-analysis published in 2016 which found a higher capsular complication rate with FLACS and is more in keeping with recent published studies of the safety of FLACS using the LenSx platform.

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Painter, Geoffrey Thomas. "Corneal Protection in Cataract Surgery." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21389.

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Protection of the corneal endothelium is one of the most important aspects of cataract surgery. This thesis describes two studies that examine new products and techniques to protect the cornea in cataract surgery. The first study examines the corneal protective effect of a new viscoelastic, DisCoVisc, compared to two established products in a randomised control trial of 180 patients. While no objective difference in corneal protection could be found between DisCoVisc and the other two viscoelastics, DisCoVisc compared more favourably in subjective surgical behaviour when compared to Healon although no difference could be found when compared to Amvisc Plus. Complications during surgery have the potential to adversely affect the corneal endothelium. The second study is a retrospective analysis of 1589 cases of Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS) using the LenSx femtosecond laser with the SoftFit patient interface. It found the rate of capsular complications using the LenSx femtosecond laser with the SoftFit patient interface was notably lower than published rates of capsular complications with manual phacoemulsification. It compares favourably with earlier studies using the LenSx platform as well as earlier studies using other femtosecond laser platforms. This study’s result is in disagreement with a meta-analysis published in 2016 which found a higher capsular complication rate with FLACS and is more in keeping with recent published studies of the safety of FLACS using the LenSx platform.

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Ojo, Victor Temidayo. "Postnatal Cell Shape development of the Corneal Endothelium in Mice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3301.

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Corneal endothelial cells have been shown to possess a uniform polygonal and complex multipolar shape at their apical and basolateral surface respectively. We established a morphological timetable to study how this complex shape arises postnatally. Corneas were collected from mice between postnatal day 8 to postnatal day 35 and labelled with antibodies specific for ZO-1 and NCAM at apical and basolateral region, respectively. Images were collected using wide-field fluorescence microscopy and morphometrically analyzed. Results showed that apical cell sizes increase linearly over the first 3 weeks, plateauing at 4-5 weeks postnatally with increased regularity. Basolateral membrane surfaces remained relatively smooth prior to eyelid opening and thereafter begins developing showing differences in development from periphery to the center until about 4 weeks postnatally when the wavy processes get vivid. Results indicate concurrent and independent development at both poles of the corneal endothelium, with more complexity seen at the basolateral surface.

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Books on the topic "Corneal endothelium"

1

Harper, Catherine Louise. The aetiology of the human corneal endothelium in vivo and in vitro. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1995.

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Sanders, Reginald José. The effect of a simulated high altitude environment on the morphology of rabbit corneal endothelium. [New Haven: s.n.], 1985.

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Thomas, John. Corneal endothelial transplant: (DSAEK, DMEK & DLEK). New Delhi: Jaypee-Highlights Medical Pub., 2010.

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Hand, Collette K. Localisation of the gene for autosomal recessive congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy. 1998.

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1951-, Price Francis W., and Price Marianne O. 1952-, eds. DSEK: What you need to know about endothelial keratoplasty. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Inc., 2009.

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Cytological and immulocytochemical approaches to the study of corneal endothelial wound repair. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer, 1994.

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Corneal Endothelial Transplant. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11030.

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Jacob, Soosan. Mastering Endothelial Keratoplasty: Volume II. Springer, 2016.

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Sharma, Jhanji, and Dermot Cassidy. Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2013.

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Agarwal, Amar, and Terry Kim. Endothelial Keratoplasty: Mastering DSEK, DMEK, and PDEK. Thieme Medical Publishers, Incorporated, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Corneal endothelium"

1

Arnalich-Montiel, Francisco. "Corneal Endothelium: Applied Anatomy." In Essentials in Ophthalmology, 419–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01304-2_27.

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2

Ho, Wei-Ting, Hsin-Yu Liu, Fung-Rong Hu, and I.-Jong Wang. "Corneal Endothelium Regeneration: Future Prospects." In Essentials in Ophthalmology, 463–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01304-2_31.

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Dick, H. Burkhard. "Corneal Endothelium and Other Safety Issues." In Minimizing Incisions and Maximizing Outcomes in Cataract Surgery, 292–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02862-5_37.

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Mingo-Botín, David, Marie Joan Therese D. Balgos, and Francisco Arnalich-Montiel. "Corneal Endothelium: Isolation and Cultivation Methods." In Essentials in Ophthalmology, 425–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01304-2_28.

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Bourne, William M. "Morphologic and Functional Evaluation of the Human Corneal Endothelium." In Advances in Corneal Research, 273–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5389-2_26.

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Comanducci, Dario, and Carlo Colombo. "Vision-Based Magnification of Corneal Endothelium Frames." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 52–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39402-7_6.

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Wahlig, Stephen, Gary Swee-Lim Peh, Matthew Lovatt, and Jodhbir S. Mehta. "Dysfunctional Corneal Endothelium: Delivery of Cell Therapy." In Essentials in Ophthalmology, 485–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01304-2_33.

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Piórkowski, Adam, and Jolanta Gronkowska-Serafin. "Towards Automated Cell Segmentation in Corneal Endothelium Images." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 179–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10662-5_22.

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Joyce, Nancy C. "Cell Cycle Control and Replication in Corneal Endothelium." In Essentials in Ophthalmology, 69–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85544-6_6.

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Chandra, Kamireddy Vijay, and Bhaskar Mohan Murari. "Specular Corneal Endothelium Dystrophy’s Analysis Using Particle Filter." In Advances in Automation, Signal Processing, Instrumentation, and Control, 1979–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8221-9_183.

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Conference papers on the topic "Corneal endothelium"

1

Zhang, F. G., Jean-Pierre Fillard, B. Ngouah, and J. Y. Driot. "Automatic diagnostic for corneal endothelium cell analysis." In San Diego '90, 8-13 July, edited by Andrew G. Tescher. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.23569.

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Bucht, Curry, Per Söderberg, and Göran Manneberg. "Recording the diffraction pattern reflected from corneal endothelium." In Biomedical Optics (BiOS) 2007, edited by Fabrice Manns, Per G. Soederberg, Arthur Ho, Bruce E. Stuck, and Michael Belkin. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.717478.

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Laird, Jeffery A., Roger W. Beuerman, and Stephen C. Kaufman. "Quantification of confocal images of human corneal endothelium." In Photonics West '96, edited by Jean-Marie A. Parel, Karen M. Joos, and Pascal O. Rol. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.240068.

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Fabijańska, Anna. "Corneal Endothelium Image Segmentation Using Feedforward Neural Network." In 2017 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15439/2017f54.

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Kumar, K. V. Kiran, and Gowri Srinivasa. "Evaluation of spatial and frequency domain corneal endothelium cell segmentation schemes for corneal diagnosis." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control, Optimization and Signal Processing (INCOS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itcosp.2017.8303074.

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Kolluru, Chaitanya, Beth Benetz, Naomi Joseph, Jonathan Lass, David Wilson, and Harry Menegay. "Machine learning for segmenting cells in corneal endothelium images." In Computer-Aided Diagnosis, edited by Horst K. Hahn and Kensaku Mori. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2513580.

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Aberra Guebrou, S., G. Pataia, N. Naigeon, A. Bernard, Z. He, P. Gain, G. Thuret, J. C. Pinoli, and Y. Gavet. "Innovative, non-contact wide field imaging of corneal endothelium." In The International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision 2015, edited by Fabrice Meriaudeau and Olivier Aubreton. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2182748.

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Scarpa, Fabio, Chiara Dalla Gassa, and Alfredo Ruggeri. "Automated Morphometric Analysis of in-vivo Human Corneal Endothelium." In Ophthalmic Medical Image Analysis Third International Workshop. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/omia.1051.

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Dussy Lachaud, Eloi, Andrew Caunes, Gilles Thuret, and Yann Gavet. "Digital twins of human corneal endothelium from generative adversarial networks." In Fifteenth International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision, edited by Takashi Komuro and Tsuyoshi Shimizu. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2586772.

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Cazuguel, Lecornu, and Mimouni. "Wavelet Analysis of Human Corneal Endothelium for Extracting Cell Contours." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.590171.

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