Journal articles: 'Cormels'

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Kocira, Anna, Halina Laskowska, and Sławomir Kocira. "Yield of corms of Acidanthera bicolor var. murielae perry depending on the date and depth of planting corms." Acta Agrobotanica 68, no. 1 (2015): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2015.003.

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The experiments were conducted in 2000–2002. Corms of Acidanthera bicolor var. murielae Perry were planted on four dates, every ten days: 19–20th of April, 29–30th of April, 8–9th of May, 18–19th of May, and at three different depths: 4, 8, and 12 cm. At the end of the vegetation period, the plants were dug out and cormels obtained were dried, cleaned and calibrated by 8 sizes that included cormels of the following circumferences: below 4.0 cm, 4.1–6.0 cm, 6.1–8.0 cm, 8.1–10.0 cm, 10.1–12.0 cm, 12.1–14.0 cm, 14.1–16.0, and over 16.0 cm. Then, the cormels were grouped into three sizes: I – cormels with a circumference of over 10.0 cm; II – cormels of 10.0–8.1 cm in circumference; and III – cormels of 8.0–6.0 cm in circumference. The structure and weight of the total and marketable yield as well as further values of cormel circumference were determined. The marketable yield comprised cormels with a circumference of over 8 cm, belonging to group I and II of the cormel size. It was found that planting corms in April increased the number of cormels in the total yield as well as the number and weight of marketable cormels. Planting corms at a depth of 12 cm increased the number and weight of cormels in the total yield as well as the weight of marketable cormels in comparison to the shallowest planting depth (4 cm). Planting corms on the 19–20th of April at a depth of 12 cm increased the percentage and weight of the largest cormels with a circumference of over 16 cm in comparison to planting them on the 18–19th of May at a depth of 4 cm.

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Seng, Shanshan, Jian Wu, Jiahui Liang, Fengqin Zhang, Qiuyan Yang, Junna He, and Mingfang Yi. "Silencing GhAGPL1 Reduces the Quality and Quantity of Corms and Cormels in Gladiolus." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 142, no. 2 (March 2017): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs03944-16.

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Starch accumulation is important during com development. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is the rate-limiting enzyme in starch synthesis. AGPL is the large subunit of AGPase. Here, we isolated and characterized the large subunit of AGPase gene GhAGPL1 in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus). GhAGPL1 was highly expressed in sink organs (cormels and corms). The expression of GhAGPL1 was induced by glucose, sucrose, and mannitol, and it was repressed by abscisic acid (ABA). Overexpression of GhAGPL1 in the arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) apl1 mutant resulted in complementation of AGPase activity and thus starch synthesis. Silencing GhAGPL1 in gladiolus decreased the transcript level of GhAGPL1 and GhSus, and resulted in the reduction of AGPase activity and starch content in gladiolus corm and cormel. Meanwhile, sucrose content was higher in GhAGPL1-silenced corm. Surprisingly, silencing GhAGPL1 in gladiolus produced smaller corms and fewer number of cormels. Overall, GhAGPL1 contributed to the quality and quantity of gladiolus corms and cormels.

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Scagel, C. F. "Soil Pasteurization and Mycorrhizal Inoculation Alter Flower Production and Corm Composition of Brodiaea laxa `Queen Fabiola'." HortScience 39, no. 6 (October 2004): 1432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.6.1432.

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The ornamental flowering bulb Brodiaea laxa Benth. `Queen Fabiola' was grown with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculum in pasteurized or nonpasteurized soil to determine if inoculation altered flower and corm production. The first growing cycle after planting, mycorrhizal inoculation decreased the days to anthesis and increased the number of flowers produced per inflorescence and flower longevity. It also affected the quality of the daughter corm, which influenced flowering the following year. Inoculated plants produced larger daughter corms and more cormels than uninoculated plants, and allocated more biomass to the corms than the cormels, which lowered the average weight of the cormels. Corms produced by inoculated plants also had higher concentration of nitrogen, potassium, zinc, and nonreducing sugars than those produced by uninoculated plants. The beneficial effects of AMF inoculation on flowering and corm/cormel production were generally increased by soil pasteurization. The results indicate that mycorrhizal inoculation may enhance commercial cut flower and corm production of this crop.

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Rashid, MHA. "Influence of size and plant growth regulators on corm and cormel production of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)." Progressive Agriculture 29, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v29i2.38292.

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Gladiolus is an excellent cut flower grown throughout the world for its spikes with florets of massive form, brilliant colours, attractive shapes, varying size and long shelf life. However, major constraint for gladiolus cultivation is the corm dormancy. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play an important role in breaking dormancy and promote more number of quality corm and cormel productions in gladiolus. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the influence of corm size and plant growth regulators on corm and cormel production of gladiolus during the period from October 2017 to April 2018 at the Landscaping section of the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The two-factor experiment included two corm sizes viz., 3-4 cm and 4.1-5 cm, and two PGRs viz., GA3 @ 250, 500 and 750 ppm; and NAA @ 100, 200 and 300 ppm along with tap water as control. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that the corm size and PGRs at different concentrations significantly influenced the corm and cormel producing attributes of gladiolus. Maximum number of corms and cormels per plant, maximum weight of single corm, maximum weight of corms and cormels per plant, biggest size of single corm, highest yield of corms and cormels per hectare were recorded from 4.1-5 cm sized corms and GA3 @ 500 ppm, compared to rest of the treatments. It was observed that combined treatments had significant influence on all the parameters studied. The treatment combination of 4.1-5 cm sized corms and GA3 @ 500 ppm was found to be best in terms of corm and cormel production of gladiolus.Progressive Agriculture 29 (2): 91-98, 2018

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Bhuiyan, MKR, SM Sharifuzzaman, and MJ Hossain. "Effect of bap and sucrose on the development of cormel in mukhi kachu." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 4 (March 2, 2016): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v40i4.26935.

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In vitro cormel development in Mukhi Kachu (Colocasia esculenta) Var. Bilashi was assessed in an experiment using three levels of BAP (0, 5 and 10 mg/l) and four levels of sucrose (0, 5, 10 and 15 %). Individual shoot excised from multiple shoot was used as explant in this experiment. In vitro cormel formation of Colocasia is an important means of organogenesis, which initiated earlier with 10% sucrose in 15% culture, whereas 15% sucrose produced cormels in 50% culture. While BAP at 10 mg/l formed cormels in 32.5% cultures but these two factors together formed cormels in 85% cultures, having 2.5 cormel per culture. The cormel weighed upto 1.7 g and contained 81.5% dry matter.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(4): 601-606, December 2015

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Ram, Raja, Debasish Mukherjee, and Sandeep Manuja. "Plant Growth Regulators Affect the Development of Both Corms and Cormels in Gladiolus." HortScience 37, no. 2 (April 2002): 343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.2.343.

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The effects of BA, ethephon, and GA3 on freshly harvested cormels of three cultivars of Gladiolus sp. were studied for 3 years. The treatment with 400 mg·L-1 ethephon significantly reduced the dormancy period by 17.5 days as compared to control, while BA and GA3 were found to be less effective. Among all treatments, ethepon at 400 mg·L-1 was found to be the most effective in altering the days to sprout, sprouting percentage, corm size and production and development of cormels. While GA3 at 100 mg·L-1 increased growth of corms and cormels, BA at 25 mg·L-1 increased growth of corms and cormels. BA at 25 mg·L-1 only influenced the sprouting percentage of cormels. Along with reducing the dormancy period, the plant growth regulators stimulated growth and development of corms and cormels. Chemical names used: benzyladenine (BA); 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon); gibberellic acid (GA3).

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Chertkova, M. A. "IMPACT OF WEATHER CONDITIONS ON VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF GLADIOLUS × HYBRIDUS HORT. IN PERM REGION." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Биология»=Bulletin of Perm University. Biology, no. 2 (2020): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2020-2-92-96.

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Weather conditions have a significant impact on diameter of the corms formed from corms of II and III size and cormels. Corms formed from planting material of the II (average diametr 4.88±0.29 cm), III (average diametr 4.32±0.36 cm) size and cormels (average diametr 1.81±0.14 cm) in hot and dry 2016 year were significantly larger than in cold and rainy 2017 (average diametr respectively 3.57±0.33 cm, 2.78±0.27 cm и 1.40±0.07 cm) and 2018 (average diametr respectively 4.00±0.37 cm, 2.46±0.32 cm и 1.07±0.15 cm). Corms of I size are less affected by weather conditions. In Perm region it is optimal to use corms of I, II, and III size for planting. Cormels form corms of III and IV size, which bloom at the 2nd year. The propagation of gladiolus cultivars by cormels is promising in Perm region.

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Carvalho-Zanão, Maristela Pereira, Fabíola Villa, Claudio Yuji Tsutsumi, and Natália Pereira. "Production of gladiolus submitted to gibberellic acid in a protected environment1." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 46, no. 4 (December 2016): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4642418.

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ABSTRACT Gladiolus is an important cut flower commercialized in Brazil, and the use of gibberellic acid (GA3) to cultivate it in a protected environment may promote the production of high quality flower spikes. This study aimed at evaluating the production of flower spikes and corms of gladiolus ('White Friendship' cultivar) submitted to high concentrations and application methods of gibberellic acid, in a protected environment. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, being two application methods (foliar spraying and corm soaking) and four concentrations (0 mg L-1, 250 mg L-1, 500 mg L-1 and 1,000 mg L-1) of gibberellic acid, with six replications and two plants per experimental unit. The following traits were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves per plant, marketable harvest point of flower spikes, number of florets per flower spike, flower panicle length, stem and floret diameter, corm perimeter, number of cormels per plant and production of corm fresh matter and leaf dry matter, flower spikes, corms and cormels. High concentrations of GA3 are not recommended for the production of flower spikes and corms of the gladiolus 'White Friendship' cultivar. The corm soaking application method anticipates the harvest of flower spikes and produces a higher number of cormels per plant. Regardless of the application method, the concentration of 550 mg L-1 of GA3 increases the cormel yield of the 'White Friendship' cultivar.

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Shibanova, N. L., M. A. Chertkova, and T. D. Chemarova. "MICROPROPAGATION OF GLADIOLUS × HYBRIDUS HORT. ‘ПЕРМСКИЙ СУВЕНИР ’, WHICH WAS BRED IN BOTANICAL GARDEN OF PSU." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Биология»=Bulletin of Perm University. Biology, no. 2 (2020): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2020-2-97-102.

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The article presents data on micropropagation of new Gladiolus × hybridus cultivar ‘Пермский Сувенир’. It is found that for the sterilization of corms and cormels better use the 7% sodium hypochlorite solution (15 min or 20-25 min) and then 96% ethanol (30 sec or 60 sec). Sterile culture was more than 56% for corms and 76% for cormels. At the micropropagation good results were obtained when vitamins (0.1 mg/l thiamine, 0.5 mg/l pyridoxine, 0.5 mg/l nicotinic acid) and β-indolylacetic acid (0.1-1 mg/l) were added to the Murashige and Skoog medium. The breeding rate for cormels was 2-3, for corm fragments was 2–4. The survival rate of plants transferred from in vitro to in vivo conditions was 70%. The diameter of the obtained juvenile corms from in vitro culture and the number of cormels formed on them did not have statistically significant differences from those planted in vivo (t = [1.16; 1.22] <t05 = 1.96).

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Garba, Pandukur S., Plangnan G. Alexander, and Amienyo C. Ada. "Pathogenicity of Fungi Associated with Post-Harvest Deterioration of Two Cocoyam Varieties (C. esculenta var. antiquorum and C. esculenta var. esculenta) Schott in Some Parts of Jos." International Journal of Phytopathology 5, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.005.01.1375.

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An investigation was carried out to test for the pathogenicity of fungi associated with the deterioration of two varieties of cocoyam corms and cormels. Fifty (50) infected corms and cormels with symptoms of post-harvest rots were purchased from six markets within Plateau Central zone and analyzed. Eleven (11) fungal isolates were implicated in the deterioration of the two varieties of the cocoyam (C. esculenta var. antiquorum and C. esculenta var. esculenta) corms and cormels and were identified as; Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticilium lateritium, Botryodiplodia theobramae, Colletotrichum coccoides, Phythium myriotylum, Fusarium verticillioides, Rhizopus stolonifer and Geotricum candidum. The result showed that all these fungi were highly virulent on the two varieties, except C. coccoides, F. verticillioides and A. alternata which did not caused rot on C. esculenta var. esculenta. Meanwhile, the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer induced the highest percentage mean area of rot (39.96%) followed by Alternaria alternata (39.36%), Phythium myriotylum (38.60%), Botryodiplodia theobromae (36.89%) while the least was Fusarium oxysporium (27.66%) in C. esculenta var. antiquorum. The study further revealed the highest rot induced on C. esculenta var. esculenta by the isolated fungi, V. lateritium (42.45%) followed by G. candidum (34.29%), F. oxysporum (27.96%) while the least was Rhizopus stolonifer (20.33%). The result also showed that C. esculenta var. esculenta was comparatively more susceptible or significant (P0.05) to the fungus V. lateritium since it showed a greater (extensive) mean percentage area of rots of 42.45% on the corms and cormels than on C. esculenta var. antiquorum with 36.01%.

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Joshi, KR, DM Gautam, DR Baral, and UK Pun. "Effect of Corm Size and Varieties on Corm/Cormels Production and Vase Life of Gladiolus." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (July 21, 2012): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6477.

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An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of corm size and varieties on corm/cormels production and vase life of gladiolus ( Gladious grandiflorus L.) under Chitwan condition. A Field experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field at Gunjanagar VDC, Chanauli, Chitawan during November 2008 to April 2009. The experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations laid out in two factorial Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Four sizes of corms viz. 2-3 cm, 3-4 cm, 4-5 cm and 5-6 cm and three varieties viz. American Beauty, Interpret and Yellow Summer Sunshine formed 12 treatment combinations. Laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the effect of corm size and varieties on the vase life of harvested cut spikes of gladiolus at ambient temperature at the central laboratory of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Corm size and varieties significantly affected corm/cormels production and vase life of gladiolus. Large sized corms (5-6 cm) performed better with respect to number of daughter corms and cormels per plant. Similarly, large sized corms (5-6 cm) showed better performance with respect to postharvest behavior such as total number of florets opened/spike (11.40), days to first and 100% floret withering as compared to small sized (2-3 cm) corms. Significant variation among three varieties was observed in most of the characters. Numbers of daughter corms were found highest in Yellow Summer Sunshine while maximum numbers of cormels/plant were found in Interpret. Similarly, Interpret proved best having more number of florets opened per spike and more days needed to first and 100% floret withering.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6477 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 35-40

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Tajudeen, Ogunkunle, Oshagbemi H. O., Gidado R. S. M., and Adenika O. F. Aruleba R. D. "Comparative Assessment of Yield Performance of Neglected Cocoyam (Colocasia esculeta (L.) Schott) Parts as Planting Materials in the South Western Nigeria." Academic Journal of Life Sciences, no. 55 (May 20, 2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajls.55.32.37.

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Hitherto, there is scarcity of information on the usefulness of neglected small corms and cormels of cocoyam in the South West Nigeria. A 9 (nine) months trial was conducted to compare the growth and yield performance of different types of cocoyam planting materials with treatment consisting of T1; sprouted small cocoyam cormels, T2, trimmed out lower parts of harvested cocoyam corm and T3; moderate sized corm of 50-100g (control) arranged in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Data on the number of leaves and plant height was taking at 4 week interval for 24 weeks while data on number and weight of harvested cormels was taking at 9 months after planting (MAP). The data collected were subjected to a univariate General Linear Model (GLM) two ways Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using IBM SPSS software statistical package 21. Significance mean differences were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that the highest mean number of leaves and plant height was obtained from treatment T1 (10.22) and T2 (92.83) respectively at 24 weeks after planting (WAP). While both treatment T1 and T3 collectively had the highest number of consumable cormels (54.0) in which treatment T3 weighed the highest (3.202 kg). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in both the number of leaves produced and plant height among the different cocoyam planting materials utilised at 24 (WAP). Similarly, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the number and weight of cormels produced by the different treatments at 9 months after planting (MAP). The study therefore concluded that both sprouted small cocoyam cormels, trimmed out corms during planting compared favourably with moderate sized corm of weight 50-100g commonly used as planting material in term of yield potential and therefore recommended to be schedule for demonstration to cocoyam farmers in the study area for adoption.

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Maurya*, Rajendra P., and Champa lal Nagda*. "Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Flowering and Corm Yield of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. Oscar." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 823D—823. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.823d.

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In a field experiment, uniform sized corms of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L. cv. Oscar) were planted in last week of October at a distance of 30 cm. between rows and 20 cm. between plants. The effect of GA (50, 100 ppm), Cycocel (500, 1000) and NAA (50, 100 ppm) on gladiolus plants. It was concluded that foliar application of 100 ppm GA3 at 45 days after corm planting has shown superiority in all vegetative, floral characters and corm & cormel yield viz., plant height (128.53 cm), number of leaves (8.57) per plant, spike length (108.33 cm), spike weight (128.87 g), number of florets (17.60) per spike, size of second florets (15.07 cm), number of spikes (1.67) per plant, size of largest corm (7.52 cm), number of corms (1.80) per plant, number of cormels (11.53) per plant and weight of corms (79.33 g) per plant. Whereas, a highest longevity of florets opening or survival on spike (20.33 days) was recorded in 1000 ppm Cycocel.

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Noor Un Nisa, Memon, Ahmad Wahocho Niaz, Fatima Miano Tanveer, and Hussain Leghari Mujahid. "Propagation of Gladiolus corms and cormels: A review." African Journal of Biotechnology 15, no. 32 (August 10, 2016): 1699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2012.1396.

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Oyefeso, B. O., and A. O. Raji. "Effective Moisture Diffusivity and Activation Energy of Tannia Cormels: Influence of Temperature, Pre-Treatment and Slice Thickness." Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i1.18.

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This study investigated the effects of temperature, pre-treatment and slice thickness on the effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy of tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) cormels. White-fleshed and pink-fleshed varieties of the cormels were used for this study. The effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy of fresh and blanched cormels were determined by drying them at three temperature levels (60, 70 and 80°C) and three slice thicknesses (2, 3 and 4 mm). The effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy of the cormels ranged between 1.47×10−7 and 2.09×10−6 m2s−1 and 49.02 and 63.23 kJmol−1 respectively. The study established that the effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy are drying temperature dependent. The effects of pre-treatment and slice thickness were also found to be significant on the measured parameters. Drying of blanched thin slices of tannia cormels at relatively high temperature levels is recommended for faster and cost-effective drying of the cormels.

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Pant, SS. "Effect of Different Doses of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on The Corm and Cormel Development of Gladiolus (Gladiolus sp.) cv. American Beauty." Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 26 (April 1, 2005): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v26i0.670.

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A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus on the development of corm and cormel of gladiolus at the Horticulture Farm, IAAS, Rampur in 2002. Diameter, thickness and weight of the corms, and cormels were measured after 150 days of planting and the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers was assessed. The nitrogen dose of 50 kg/ha produced the highest corm yield (17.71 g/plant), where as higher dose of nitrogen (100 and 150 kg/ha) fertilizer produced the lowest cormel yield. Variable doses of phosphorous did not produce any significant effect on corm diameter and corm thickness but it produced a significant effect on corm height and cormel yield per plant. Higher doses of phosphorous fertilizer (50 and 100 kg/ha) produced the highest yield as compared to the control. It appears that corm and cormel respond better to the higher doses of phosphorous fertilizer compared to the nitrogenous fertilizer. A significant interaction effect was observed on cormel weight. The phosphorous at 100 kg/ha and nitrogen at 0 kg/ha produced the highest cormel yield (25 g/plant), whereas nitrogen at 150 kg/ha and phosphorous at 0 kg/ha produced the lowest cormel yield (1.95 g/plant). The interaction effect suggests that cormel yield responds better to the higher level of phosphorous combined with lower level of nitrogen. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorous, corm, cormel, gladiolus J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26: 153-157 (2005)

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Singh, Dhara, Ashutosh Mishra, Jitendra Singh, Vikas Kumar Khattik, and Balram Meena. "Correlation coefficient analysis in twelve gladiolus (Gladiolus hybrids Hort.) genotypes." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1262.

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Study was undertaken to analyses the correlation co-efficient for twenty seven characters in twelve genotypes of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridusHort.) grown atthe Instructional Farm, Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar. Spike length had highly positive association with rachis length (rg:0.92, rp:0.88), floret diameter (rg:0.94, rp:0.0.74), spike diameter (rg:0.66, rp:0.50), duration of flowering (rg:0.71, rp:0.42), number of florets per spike (rg:0.89, rp:0.84), number of cormels per plant (rg:0.69, rp:0.65), diameter of corm (rg:0.48, rp:0.41), weight of corm (rg:0.44, rp:0.40), weight of cormels per plant (rg:0.20, rp:0.19), size index of corms (rg:0.41, rp:0.38), florets remaining open at a time in vase (rg:0.56, rp:0.33). At both genotypic and phenotypic levels it had negative correlation with number of spikes per plot (rg:-0.56, rp:-0.48), number of corms per plant (rg:-0.72, rp:-0.50), number of corms per plot (rg:-0.60, rp:-0.54) and florets remaining unopened (rg:-0.39, rp:-0.37). It was observed that for most of the characters genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than phenotypic correlation coefficients.

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Owusu-Darko, Patricia G., Alistair Paterson, and Emmanuel L. Omenyo. "Cocoyam (corms and cormels)—An underexploited food and feed resource." Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 03, no. 01 (2014): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jacen.2014.31004.

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Koetz, Marcio, Rebeca de Andrade Porto, Edna Maria Bomfim-Silva, Analy Castilho Polyzel, and Tonny Jose Araujo da Silva. "Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Water Replacement Level on the Production of Gladiolus Corms in a Protected Environment." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 9 (June 30, 2019): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n9p234.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water replacement levels (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150%; for the 100% level, the water replacement volume was at field capacity) and nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg dm-3) on the production of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) corms, White Friendship variety. The project was developed in a protected environment using a randomized complete block design witha 5x5 factorial scheme (water replacement levels × nitrogen doses). The evaluated variables werecorm diameter and weight and cormel number and weight. The data were assed using analysis of variance F-test at 5% probability and a regression analysis using the Sisvar statistical program. There was no nitrogen fertilization effect on the analyzed variables. The water replacement levels had a significant effect. For corm weight, the water replacement level that led to the highest weight was 128.96%. The weight and number of cormels were fit using an increasing linear regression model. According to Brazilian commercial corm standards, quality corms with diameters that suggest good potential for floral stem production were observed starting at the 50% water replacement level.

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Gilreath, James P. "Preemergence Weed Control in Gladiolus Cormels." Weed Science 34, no. 6 (November 1986): 957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450006817x.

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Multiple applications of several preemergence herbicides were evaluated for weed control and for phytotoxicity to gladiolus (Gladiolus X hortulanus L.) grown from cormels in 1984 and 1985. Oryzalin [4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide] consistently provided acceptable control of southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. # DIGSP], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN], and smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACH) and had minimal effect on gladiolus plant growth even after four applications. Pronamide [3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide], and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] provided erratic weed control and reduced yields of gladiolus corms.

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FASIDI, I. "Carbohydrate metabolism in Colocasia esculenta Schott corms and cormels during sprouting." Food Chemistry 51, no. 2 (1994): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(94)90259-3.

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Han, S. S. "Chilling, Ethephon, and Photoperiod Affect Cormel Production of Brodiaea." HortScience 28, no. 11 (November 1993): 1095–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.11.1095.

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Stratification by chilling is the primary factor controlling germination of brodiaea (Triteleia laxa Benth.) seeds. A minimum of 8 weeks of low temperature (3C) was required for maximum germination. Soaking seeds in a solution of 1000 mg ethepho/liter for 20 h reduced the number of weeks at low temperature required for germination. Cormel size was affected by the photoperiod during seedling growth. Long days induced early leaf senescence, and cormels harvested from seedlings grown under long days weighed only half as much as those grown under short days. Chemical name used: 2-chloroethyl phosphoric acid (ethephon).

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Scagel, C. F. "Inoculation with Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobacteria Alters Nutrient Allocation and Flowering of Harlequin Flower." HortTechnology 14, no. 1 (January 2004): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.1.0039.

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We assessed whether addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculum or rhizosphere organisms from AMF inoculum alters aspects of flowering, corm production, or corm quality of harlequin flower (Sparaxis tricolor) for two growth cycles after inoculation. Using pasteurized and nonpasteurized growth medium, plants were inoculated with either inoculum of the AMF, Glomus intraradices, or washings of the inoculum containing rhizobacteria. Shoots of plants inoculated with AMF emerged 2 days earlier than shoots on noninoculated plants or plants inoculated with inoculum washings. Flowers on AMF-inoculated plants opened 7-8 days earlier and plants produced more flowers per plant and per inflorescence than noninoculated plants. AMF-inoculated plants partitioned a higher proportion of biomass to cormel production than to daughter corms and had higher concentration and contents of zinc, sulfur, nitrogen, amino acids, and carbohydrates than corms from noninoculated plants. The rhizosphere organisms associated with the AMF inoculum influenced several measures of plant development, growth, and corm production suggesting that there are organisms associated with our AMF inoculum that have beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of harlequin flower. While inoculation with AMF can promote shoot emergence, leaf production, and flower production of harlequin flower, inoculation also alters aspects of biomass partitioning and corm composition that play an important role in the production of this crop for corms and cormels.

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Han, Susan S., Abraham H. Halevy, Roy M. Sachs, and Michael S. Reid. "Enhancement of Growth and Flowering of Triteleia laxa by Ethylene." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 3 (May 1990): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.3.482.

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Exposure of dormant corms of Triteleia laxa `Queen Fabiola' to 20 ppm C2H4 for 7 days promoted flowering of small corms and resulted in increased apical meristem size, early sprouting, early flowering, more flowers per Inflorescence, and increased fresh weight of daughter corms and cormels. The respiration rate of the C&treated corms increased to four to five times that of the controls during the 7-day treatment, declined markedly after termination of the C2H4 treatment, but remained higher than that of the controls. The C2H4 effects were associated with increased growth rate and consequently a greater final size of the apical meristem (determined by scanning electron microscopy). Leaves produced by C2H4-treated corms were wider, longer, and weighed more than those of the controls.

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Mynett, M., and M. Jagusz. "EFFECT OF SEVERAL HERBICIDES ON GLADIOLUS PLANTS CULTIVATED FROM CORMS AND CORMELS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 266 (March 1990): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.266.74.

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Calle, Jehannara, Yaiza Benavent‐Gil, Raquel Garzón, and Cristina M. Rosell. "Exploring the functionality of starches from corms and cormels of Xanthosoma sagittifolium." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 54, no. 7 (May 22, 2019): 2494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14207.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Regeneration and Cormels Production of White Prosperity and Priscilla Gladiolus Varities In Vitro." Baghdad Science Journal 6, no. 3 (September 6, 2009): 432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.6.3.432-441.

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Plant regeneration and cormel production was carried out from callus cultures initiated from White Prosperity and Priscilla Gladiolus Varities. It is aimed to produce plants and cormels in vitro all year round. The study included many experiments, these were the effect of Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Kinetin (Kin) interaction on callus initiation, effect of Benzyl adenine (BA) on shoot regeneration from callus culture, effect of NAA on rooting after 30, 40 and 50 days in culture. The role of the type of agricultural medium (Peat moss or river sand and their mixture on plantlets survival after weaning was studied. Results showed that the interaction between NAA and Kin induced callus on axillary bud explants. Callus was best initiated by using a combination (10.0, 0.5) mg/l for White Prosperity, (0.5, 1.0) and (10.0, 0.5) mgl for Priscilla of NAA and Kin respectively. Regeneration for the two varieties was best occurred when media were supplemented with BA at 1.0 mg/l achieving maximum number of shoots (6.2) and height (4.96 cm.). Highest response for shoot regeneration from callus occurred at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l NAA reached 100% and 83.3% for White Prosperity and Priscilla respectively. An obvious increase in rooting percentage, root number and length over time. Both varieties showed 100% response for cormels formation 50 days after rooting. Plantlets are well established in peat moss.

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MIKAMI, Tetsuo, and Sakio TSUTSUI. "Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] production in Japan: Present state, problems and prospects." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 114, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2019.114.2.4.

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Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott], a member of the family Araceae, is a vegetatively propagated crop with edible tubers (corms and cormels), petioles and leaf blades. Available evidence suggests that taro originated in South Central Asia, probably in the tropical region from India to Indonesia. The crop is considered to have reached Japan by the 10th century B. C.. In Japan, taro was a regional staple crop before the beginning of rice cultivation, but it is nowadays grown as a root vegetable. The corms and cormels of taro are an excellent source of carbohydrates and rich in essential minerals, vitamins and dietary fiber. Additionally, Japanese people have formed socio-cultural connections to the crop since olden times; taro has been served in traditional feasting and seasonal events. Despite having so much value, taro cultivation has shown declining trends in the past several decades. It should also be noted that little attention has been devoted to the genetic improvement of taro. In this review, an attempt is made to collect information about the commercial production and uses of Japanese taros as well as agronomic characteristics of leading cultivars, with the expectation that the synthesized information will aid in understanding the problems and prospects of taro cultivation in Japan.

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HEREDIA ZARATE, NESTOR A., MARIA C. VIEIRA, LUCIANE A. TABALDI, DANILO A. HEREDIA VIEIRA, ROSIMEIRE P. G. JORGE, and NATALIA A. SALLES. "Agro-economic yield of taro clones in Brazil, propagated with different types of cuttings, in three crop seasons." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 85, no. 2 (May 10, 2013): 785–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652013005000025.

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The experimental studies were conducted in 2007-2008, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 crop seasons, in order to know the agro-economic yield of 'Chinês' and "Macaquinho" taro clones, propagated using huge, extra, large, medium, small and tiny cormels. The harvest was done on average on 202 days after planting, in three crop seasons. Based on the joint analysis of variance carried out, it was observed that taro clones showed significant differences in the yield of fresh and dry weight of leaves, cormels, and commercial and non-commercial comels; besides, there were significant differences in yield of a crop season to another and the size of the cuttings induced significant differences in yield. In the conditions that the experiments were conducted, and considering the highest average yield of fresh weight of commercial cormels (28.69 t.ha-1) and highest net income (US $14,741.14) correspondent to the three crop seasons, it is recommended to cultivate 'Macaquinho' clone using small cuttings in propagation.

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Azimi, Mohammad Hossein. "Heterosis and genetic diversity in the crossings of gladiolus cultivars Amsterdam and White Prosperity." Ornamental Horticulture 26, no. 2 (June 2020): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v26i2.2095.

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Abstract Gladiolus is one of the most important and popular cut-flower bulbous in Iran. The aim of this research was to produce new, high-quality hybrids through hybridization. We generated two promising hybrids (OPRC16 and OPRC57) combination from the varieties “Amsterdam” and “White Prosperity”. The Research was conducted in Ornamental Plants Research Center in Mahallat from 2014 to 2018. Values of Hm for traits were defined as the difference between the mid-F1 value and the mid-parent value, Mean Mid-parent Heterosis (MPH) or (Hmp) and High Parent Heterosis (HPH) or (Hsp). The results showed that the morphological analysis revealed the heredity and variation in the promising hybrids. The results for the hybrid OPRC16 showed that the Hm and Hmp values were negative for peduncle length but positive for other traits. The Hsp value was observed to be negative for the traits of peduncle length, leaf width, stem diameter, and cormels diameter, but it was positive for other traits. According to the results for the hybrid OPRC57, the Hm and Hmp values were negative for plant height, floret number, peduncle length, floret diameter, stem diameter, spike length, cormles weight, and cormlet diameter and negative for other traits. Peduncle length was positive in other traits. The Hmp value was negative for peduncle length, but positive for other traits. The Hsp value was recorded to be positive for leaf length, bud diameter, vase life, cormlet number, and cormles yield but negative for other traits. All in all, OPRC57 showed a negative heterosis in most traits. Based on the results, when ‘Amsterdam’ is used as the maternal plant in crosses, it has more positive heterosis effects than when it is used as the paternal parent. These results indicate that major of traits in the phenotypic and genetic diversity coefficient was very low, indicating that they had less environmental effects, since the genotypes were cultivated under similar and controlled conditions.

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Al-Juboory, Karim H., J. Al-Naimi, L. K. Al-Amiry, R. Shibli, and R. M. Skirvin. "Organogenesis and Cormel Production from Callus Culture of Gladiolus cv. `Balady'." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 460E—461. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.460e.

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Callus was initiated from leaves of Gladiolus cv. `Balady' on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L NAA, 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D, and 0.5 mg/L kinetin. Organogenesis from callus was induced on medium containing 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/L of either BA, kinetin, or TDZ. TDZ was more effective and resulted in a higher percentage regeneration and regenerant number. The microshoots produced were then propagated in vitro and cormel production was studied. Maximum shoot number (25.1) was obtained on medium containing 1.0 mg/L TDZ without auxin supplements in liquid shaking culture. In vitro cormel formation was significantly enhanced by B-9 and paclobutrazol. Increased sucrose concentration (4% to 5%) proved the most effective for cormel formation. Optimal dormancy break was obtained by storing cormels at 5°C for 1 month or by soaking them for 5 sec with 50 mg/L GA3. In-vitro rooting was achieved on solid medium containing NAA, IAA, or IBA, with higher root number recorded on NAA-treated cultures. Rooted microshoots were successfully acclimatized for ex vitro conditions and grown in the greenhouse. Plants produced from in-vitro propagation showed similar morphological characteristics of plants propagated by direct corm planting in the greenhouse.

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Sen, S., A. Bhattacharya, D. Mazumdar, H. Sen, A. K. Das, and S. Pal. "Nutrient and Antinutrient Composition of Cormels ofColocasia esculentavar.antiquorum." Journal of Vegetable Science 11, no. 4 (April 26, 2006): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j484v11n04_03.

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33

Oyefeso, Babatunde Olayinka, Akintunde Akintola, Monisola Grace Afolabi, Clement Adesoji Ogunlade, Oluwaseyi Kayode Fadele, and Oluwaseye Micheal Odeniyi. "Influence of the moisture content and speed on the cutting force and energy of tannia cormels." Research in Agricultural Engineering 67, No. 3 (September 27, 2021): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/79/2020-rae.

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This study investigated the influence of the moisture content and speed on the cutting force and energy of tannia cormels using the response surface methodology (RSM). The moisture content and cutting speed were varied over five levels each [95.79, 113.68, 136.68, 168.42, 242.11% moisture content (dry basis) and 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mm×min–1, respectively]. The highest and lowest cutting forces were 114.09 and 63.99 N at the corresponding moisture contents of 168.42 and 113.68% and at cutting speeds of 10 and 20 mm×min–1, respectively. The highest and lowest cutting energies of 0.92 and 0.49 J were both obtained at a 136.68% moisture content, at the 10 and 20 mm×min–1 cutting speeds, respectively. The regression models for predicting the cutting force and energy as a function of the cutting speed and moisture content showed that there was no linear relationship between the investigated properties and the independent variables considered which could be attributed to the non-homogeneous nature of tannia cormels. The optimum cutting force and energy were 72.89 N and 0.60 J, respectively, at a 95.79% moisture content and a 22.33 mm×min–1 speed with a desirability of 0.80. These findings could serve as a guide for the development of chipping and cutting machines for tannia cormels.

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Guchhait, S., A. Bhattacharya, S. Pal, D. Mazumdar, A. Chattopadhyay, and A. K. Das. "Quality Evaluation of Cormels of New Germplasm of Taro." International Journal of Vegetable Science 14, no. 4 (September 30, 2008): 304–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260802212738.

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35

Scheffer, J. J. C., J. A. Douglas, and C. M. Triggs. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF JAPANESE TARO CORMELS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 670 (April 2005): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.670.19.

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Ginzburg, Chen, and David Ben-Gad. "The Effect of Dormancy on Glucose Uptake in Gladiolus Cormels." Plant Physiology 81, no. 1 (May 1, 1986): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.81.1.268.

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Kamo, Kathryn, Alan Blowers, Franzine Smith, and Joyce Van Eck. "Stable transformation of Gladiolus by particle gun bombardment of cormels." Plant Science 110, no. 1 (September 1995): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(95)04195-z.

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Abdou, M., M. Aly, A. El-Sayed, A. Khalil, and T. Helmy. "EFFECT OF COMPOST AND SOME STIMULTORY SUBSTANCES ON GLADIOLUS PLANT B. CORMS AND CORMELS PRODUCTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION." Scientific Journal of Flowers and Ornamental Plants 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/sjfop.2021.155930.

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39

Hadiya, KS, VR Malam, SM Makwana, DR Kanzaria, and KV Malam. "Effect of pre-plant soaking of corms in bio- regulators on corms and cormels Producation in gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) Cv. Rani." International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 2052–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i6ac.11074.

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40

Baral, SP, DR Baral, DM Gautam, and UK Pun. "Influence of Nitrogen on Growth Performance, Cut Flower Characteristics and Corm/Cormel Production of Gladiolus." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (January 17, 2013): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7395.

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A study was carried out to access the influence of nitrogen level (100, 150, 200, 250, 300 kg/ha) on growth performance, cut flower characteristics and corm/cormel production of three varieties (American beauty, Interpret and Candyman) of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybrida L.) in the farmer’s field at Gunjanagar VDC, Chanauli, Chitwan, during September, 2010 to April, 2011. The experiment consisted of 15 treatment combinations laid out in 2 factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications. Nitrogen levels significantly influenced growth performance, cut flower characteristics and corm/cormel production of gladiolus. Increasing the level of nitrogen up to 200 kg/ha, increased the rate of sprouting (97.33%), number of sprout/corm (2.05), taller plant (106.7cm) with more number of leaves (9.85), longest spike(86.58cm) with more number of florets/spike (16.73) were produced. Moreover, largest spike (92.62 g weight) having thicker (1.14 cm girth) and longest rachis (54.5 cm) were produced by 300 kg/ha. Size of daughter corm (5.8 cm) was highest with 300 kg/ha while number of the cormels per plants (89.45) was highest at 200 kg/ha nitrogen. Among three varieties, Candyman performed better with respect to early days to sprouting (15.1), early days to 50% sprouting (23.1), higher total sprouting percentage (97.6%), more number of leaves/plant at harvest (10.76), highest plant height (136.8 cm) at harvest, highest length of spike (81.6 cm), more weight of spike (81.78 g), thicker spike (1 cm) and longest rachis (51.1 cm). Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 1 (2012) 25-31 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7395

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Dogra, Neha, and K. K. Dhatt. "In Vitro Production of Cormels in Gladiolus hybridus through Gamma Rays." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 10 (October 10, 2017): 1308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.154.

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Cohen, A., A. Barzilay, and H. Vigodsky-Haas. "HOT-WATER TREATMENT TOLERANCE IN GLADIOLUS CORMELS AND THEIR STATE OF DORMANCY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 266 (March 1990): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.266.66.

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Ginzburg, Chen, and Raphael Salomon. "The Effect of Dormancy on the Heat Shock Response in Gladiolus Cormels." Plant Physiology 81, no. 1 (May 1, 1986): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.81.1.259.

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REYES, G., A. C. RÖNNBERG-WÄSTLJUNG, and M. NYMAN. "COMPARISON OF FIELD PERFORMANCE BETWEEN DASHEEN MOSAIC VIRUS-FREE AND VIRUS-INFECTED IN VITRO PLANTS OF COCOYAM (XANTHOSOMA SPP.) IN NICARAGUA." Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 3 (July 2006): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706003590.

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Cocoyam (Xanthosoma spp.) is the most important export crop of all the root and tuber crops grown in Nicaragua. Despite its importance, the total planted area and yield have significantly decreased during the past few years, a decrease that is mainly due to diseases that are disseminated through the planting material. In this study virus-free (NI) and virus-infected (I) in vitro plants from three genotypes were established in a non-traditional production area. The aim was to evaluate their agronomic performance, and to study the re-infection of dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV) and its effect on yield. Repeated measurements of morphological traits were made during the experimental period. The height of the plants, the diameter of the pseudo-stem and the leaf area increased continuously up to 217 days after planting after which the growth curves declined. The genotypes differed in all yield components, except in yield per plant. Regardless of genotype, the NI plants produced a larger number of cormels that were heavier and longer than the cormels produced by I plants. This resulted in a higher yield from NI plants (18.2 t ha−1) compared with I plants (13.6 t ha−1). Seven months after planting between 60 and 90 % of the NI plants, depending on genotype, were infected with DsMV. Aphis gossypii was the only aphid observed in the field trial and is therefore most probably the vector responsible for the transmission of the virus.

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Sajeev, M. S., M. R. Manikantan, A. R. P. Kingsly, S. N. Moorthy, and J. Sreekumar. "Texture Analysis of Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) Cormels during Storage and Cooking." Journal of Food Science 69, no. 7 (May 31, 2006): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb13636.x.

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Bistrichanov, S., T. Vatchev, and Z. Avramov. "Hot-water treatment of gladiolus cormels for control of corm-borne fungal diseases." Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (2017): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2017.01.008.

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Hassan, A., and M. M. Abd El-Azeim. "IMPACTS OF COMPOST, BIOFERTILIZER AND/OR SOME ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENTS ON GLADIOLUS (GLADIOLUS GRANDIFLORAS) B. Corms and cormels production and some chemical constituents." Scientific Journal of Flowers and Ornamental Plants 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/sjfop.2020.114565.

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Ahmad, Iftikhar, Muhammad Behzad Rafiq, Awais Ahmad, Muhammad Qasim, and Bilal Abdullah. "Optimal planting systems for cut gladiolus and stock production." Ornamental Horticulture 23, no. 3 (October 2, 2017): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v23i3.1107.

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A study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different planting systems, videlicet (viz.) flat, ridge, and raised bed system on growth, yield and quality of gladiolus and stock. Corms of ‘Rose Supreme’ and ‘White Prosperity’ gladiolus and seedlings of ‘Cheerful White’, ‘Lucinda Dark Rose Double’ and ‘Lucinda Dark Rose Single’ stock were planted on different planting systems in individual experiments for each species. Gladiolus had similar good quality production irrespective of planting systems with numerical superiority of ridge planting, which produced longer stems with higher stem fresh weight, but delayed corm sprouting by ca. 1 d compared to raised bed or flat planting system. Among cultivars, ‘Rose Supreme’ produced higher number of florets per spike, taller stems with longer spikes, higher fresh weight of stems and higher number of cormels than ‘White Prosperity’. Stock plants grown on flat beds produced stems with greater stem length, leaf area and fresh weight of stems compared to ridge or raised bed planting systems. Plants grown on ridges produced the highest stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, total leaf chlorophyll contents, and number of flowers per spike. ‘Cheerful White’ and ‘Lucinda Dark Rose Double’ performed best by producing good quality stems in shorter period compared to ‘Lucinda Dark Rose Single’. In summary, gladiolus should be grown on ridges, while stock may be planted on flat beds for higher yields of better quality flowers.

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Dhakal, Mira, Tul Bahadur Poon, Pratistha Adhikari, Suprabha Pandey, and Shandesh Bhattarai. "Characterization of Gladiolus Genotypes under Khumaltar Condition of Nepal." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 7 (April 30, 2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v7i1.36915.

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Seven promising genotypes of Gladiolus were experimented during the two consecutive years of 2014/15 and 2015/16 in the field of Horticulture Research Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur (1332 masl) to evaluate the performances of their vegetative, floral and corm characteristics. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The treatments consisted of seven genotypes (ARSDG-01, ARSDG-02, ARSDG-03, ARSDG-04, ARSDG-05, ARSDG-06 and ARSDG-07). Fifty-four corms of each genotype were planted in the crop geometry of 25 x 25 cm. A total of sixteen characters were observed. The pooled results of two years data indicated significantly different except plant height, spike length, rachis length, number of cormels per mother corm and individual corm weight due to the effects of seven evaluated genotypes. Genotype ARSDG-04 was proven as the earliest one for days to the first spike emergence (73.00 days), the full spike emergence (76.50 days) and the first unfurling of florets (83 days). In contrast, ARSDG-01 and ARSDG-06 were late genotypes for the same three characters. The number of florets/spikes was considerably high in two genotypes viz., ARSDG-06 (21.00) and ARSDG-03 (20.50). The number of daughter corms/mother corm was significantly high in ARSDG-05 (3.10) and ARSDG-04 (2.92) whereas it was minimally low in ARSDG-02 (1.66) and ARSDG-07 (1.69). Summing up all sixteen characters of evaluated genotypes, ARSDG-04 as the first, ARSDG-05 as the second and ARSDG-03 as the third have respectively emerged as superior ones as opposed by those of the rest of evaluated genotypes of Gladiolus.

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Oladebeye, A. O., A. A. Oshodi, and A. A. Oladebeye. "Physicochemical Properties of Starches of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batata) and Red Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) Cormels." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8, no. 4 (March 15, 2009): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.313.315.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cormels'

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