Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Corium – Propriétés thermiques – Mesure'
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Denier, Caroline. "Détermination et modélisation de propriétés thermophysiques du corium pour des applications accidents graves." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2023ORLE1073_va.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the determination and modelling thermophysical properties (density, viscosity and surface tension) of corium mix U-Zr-Fe-O representative of severe accident conditions inside the nuclear reactor vessel, at temperatures above 2000 °C. For such needs, two complementary experimental devices are used: aerodynamic levitation (at CEMHTI, CNRS Orléans) and maximum bubble pressure (at CEA Cadarache). Original measurement of those thermophysical properties are obtained on several in-vessel corium compositions (U-Zr-O) with various degree of zirconium oxidation, and separately on its components (Fe and Zr-O system). The uncertainties, both on measurement of the properties themselves and on temperature are assessed. Following the tests, sample compositions are analysed by SEM-EDS, thereby increasing the reliability of the measured data. In addition, a thermodynamic approach to surface tension modelling has been initiated and its feasibility demonstrated
Bessières, David. "Mesure de capacités calorifiques de composés hydrocarbonés sous pression, calculs de propriétés thermophysiques dérivées." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3007.
Full textChauchois, Alexis. "Modèles d'ordres non entiers appliqués à la caractérisation thermique de milieux évolutifs par méthode inverse : cas d'un sol humide." Artois, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ARTO0202.
Full textWork presented proposes to measure the water content of the in situ grounds. This study concerns the thermal characterisation of surface layers of the soil, and these changes rapidly with water content. This is divided into two parts. The first is the determination of the thermal parameters of a sample of ground in laboratory by traditional methods. These tests are carried out with a water content, from 0%, that must then be increased up to saturation with intermediate tests being performed to determine the changes in the thermal properties. A correlation curve is established, between the water content of the material and its thermal characteristics. The second part involves studying the soil in situ conditions. It calls upon more complex techniques. Because of the fast evolution of the studied system, a broad recourse is made to the methods of the signal theory, in particular : the use of noninteger models. We studied three different types of ground : at first, a sand, which was used to us as reference for our tests, then we extended the method on a ground of the argillaceous type, and a ground argilo-sandy. This work led to the monitoring of the evolution of the water content of these grounds, (according to time and depth). The results were validated by gravimetric tests
Huguet-Chantôme, Pascal. "Mesure de propriétés thermiques de matériaux diélectriques en couches minces par optique guidée." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30084.
Full textWe study the thermal properties of dielectric thin-film materials. To achieve this goal, we use guided optic techniques based on the prism coupler (m-lines). The thermo-optical coefficients of different thin-film materials are measured. These measurements are applied to the analysis and simulation of interference filters' spectral shift with temperature. The totally reflecting prism coupler, in a two-beam pump-and-probe set-up, allows the detection, in harmonic regime, of photo-induced index modifications in a thin film as low as 10 -8. These index variations are due to the temperature increase created by the absorption of a small part of the pump beam in the film. Their distribution in the film is related to the film's thermal properties (conductivity, specific heat). A two-dimensional model of the heat conduction in the prism coupler has been developped, with a good qualitative agreement between calculations and measurements. The measurements performed on different samples are also compared
Delacre, Elisabeth. "Caractérisation thermique de matériaux poreux humides par analyse inverse dans le domaine fréquentiel." Artois, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ARTO0203.
Full textDubernard, Alexis. "Instrumentation pour la séparation des transferts thermiques couplés à la surface d'un paroi : application à la gestion d'ambiances." Artois, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ARTO0202.
Full textThis work is within the framework of the experimental context of the separation and the measurement of the thermal transfers by radiation and convection. More particularly, we are interested in the energy interactions between a building wall, whether it is interior or an external one, and its micro-climatic environment. The solution planned to deal with this problem, rests on the use of an original instrumentation allowing the measurement of heat fluxes. A new sensor sensitive to the thermal radiations was characterized. That imposes the design of a calibration bank, the search of the best adapted definition fot its sensitivity, and the study of the effect of possible disturbances on its answer. The needs as well as possible for ensuring the comfort of the occupants in a room, while optimizing the energy management, impose the use of reliable devices and easily brought into operation. Our work then proposes the use of fluxmetric sensors, and in particular of the radiative one, for the optimal control of environments. Experimental results in managements of thermal environments of comfort, based on the concept of resultant temperature, are presented, and compared with a traditional regulation by air temperature. They show the advantages of the concept of flow applied to the regulation. Lastly, the problem of the separation of surface heat exchange between an external wall and its micro-climatic environment was approched within the framework of a first approach primarily experimental. We show that, by, the use of fluxmetric measurements, the determination of the exchanges coefficients and the decomposition of the solar contributions are made possible on the surface of a building wall
Jarkass, Chadi. "Identification thermique de systèmes évolutifs par la théorie des modèles d'ordres non entiers associée à la notion d'impédance." Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0202.
Full textThe objective of this work is to carry out a thermophysical characterization of porous materials quickly evolutionary, in particular the soil in its surface layers. At the experimental level, the use of fluxmetric sensors allows a simultaneous measurement of the temperature and flow in the same plan. We associated it to a method of treatment based on the concept of thermal impedance which authorizes a reliable and precise characterization of the involved systems. At the theoretical level, we have recourse to the non-integer model to determine the experimental thermal impedance in the frequential field. This constitutes an innovative procedure enabling the identification of the thermophysical parameters of the studied conductive site. The conceptual model of defined impedance was validated by a harmonic study of a reference material, an inert concrete block. A random solicitation of type B. P. R. S allows a precise characterization of the material with a minimal contribution of energy, particularly well adapted to an in situ development. Each experimental test was the aim of checking, excellent results were observed. The configuration suggested in laboratory made it possible to establish a law of correlation between moisture and the thermal effusivity for various types of ground. Finally, the approach developed in theory is applied to the monitoring of the evolution of the water content in situ
Elaoami, Mohamed. "Etude expérimentale de l'évolution des propriétés thermophysiques d'un mortier par impédance thermique : correlation avecle contenu hydrique." Artois, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ARTO0204.
Full textThis study presents experimental work concerning evaluation of thermophysicals properties of different mortars, with particular reference to their dependence on some other properties of the material such as, water cotent. An initial investigations was carried to study the use of thermal impedance for measuring the thermal effusivity of a mortar durng the early stages of hydration. The concept of impedance thermal is defined in the theoretical approaches. We propose a method of identification thermophysical of a mortar which allows the follow-up of complex evolutionary processes during its hydration, by reducing the time of analysis. The studied system and the instrumentation are presented. We take into account the effects of the presence of the flow meter on the system and the resistance of contact between the flow meter and studied material. The water migration during the run-time of the thermal tests has been avoided. We measure the temperatures and flows in the mortar surface to be able to calculate the experimental impedance? The thermal effusivity is obtained by optimisation of theoretical impedance on the experimental impedance. The advantage of the developed method is to propose an instrumentation light and reliable, and requiring only one face of access. The technique developed allows to follow the evolution of the water content of the mortar hardened during processes of drying and to establish a correlation between its water content andits characteristics thermal. A strong correlation has been found between the evolution of the effusivity thermal and the water contents and the results show that the thermal affuxivity increases with the moisture content
Salome, Francis. "Contribution à l'étude de nouvelles méthodes de mesure des paramètres électriques et thermiques des matériaux : influence de l'humidité sur les propriétés électriques et thermiques des matériaux non métalliques." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10082.
Full textTang-Kwor, Eric. "Contribution au développement de méthodes périodiques de mesure de propriétés thermophysiques des matériaux opaques." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120050.
Full textLonguemart, Stéphane. "Nouvelle méthodologie pour la mesure des paramètres thermiques et pyroélectriques de matériaux solides pyroélectriques et cristaux liquides ferroélectriques." Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0095.
Full textPyroelectric materials possess the remarkable property to generate an electric current when their average temperature is subject to variations. They are widely used in radiation detection devices or for infrared imaging. The response of the pyroelectric material to a light excitation is directly connected to its pyroelectric coefficient and its thermal parameters. The aim of this work was to propose a new methodology which allows the simultaneous measurement of the pyroelectric coefficient and the thermal parameters of pyroelectric materials. The proposed method is based on the analysis of the pyroelectric signal generated by the pyroelectric sample when it is irradiated by an intensity modulated radiation source. Different procedures have been presented for the determination of the thermal parameters of the pyroelectric material from the amplitude or the phase of the pyroelectric signal. In particular, two procedures not using frequency scans are proposed for the study of the thermal parameters as a function of temperature. The pyroelectric coefficient temperature dependence can be obtained from the amplitude of the pyroelectric signal. The methodology presented in this work is non destructive : the pyroelectric material can be used after its characterization or for other measurements. The validation of the method on solid pyroelectric materials and the first results obtained for a ferroelectric liquid crystal film shows that the method can be used for the characterization of pyroelectric materials of different types
Reungoat, David. "Analyse de la température à l'interface d'une garniture mécanique par mesure par thermographie infrarouge." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2355.
Full textPruja, Patrick. "Transferts thermiques à l'échelle du micron dans les matériaux à structure hétérogène : caractérisation des interfaces par microphotoréflexion modulée." Perpignan, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PERP0500.
Full textPerformances of modern materials for thermal and mechanical protection are directly related to their thermal properties on a microscopic scale. These materials often consist of a complex assembly of which it is necessary to be able to characterize and envisage ageing. The interest and the originality of this work lie in the development of two models based on the principle of photothermal microscopy by modulated photoreflexion allowing to analyse and to understand the thermal transfers on a micrometric scale in materials presenting microscopic cracks or interfaces. These heterogeneities are modelled either by a thermal contact resistance (TCR) or by a third thermal body (TTB) with non-null thickness and specific thermal properties. These two models lead to the analytical expression of the temperature field on the surface of a material submitted to a localized thermal stress and showing heterogeneities perpendicular to its surface. A sensitivity study gives the optimal experimental conditions to estimate the thermophysical parameters of the heterogeneities. The experimental results concern copper-steel, chromium-steel interfaces and microscopic cracks in chromium deposits
Claudet, Bernard. "Métrologie par interférométrie holographique de champs thermiques aux interfaces de matériaux soumis à un choc thermique." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0216.
Full textLouis, Gérard. "Étude photoacoustique de composés mésomorphes : transitions de phases et propriétés thermiques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066418.
Full textLefort, Marie-Hélène. "Propriétés thermiques et piézorésistives d'encres sérigraphiables en couche épaisse : application aux capteurs de pression." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0686.
Full textCheheb, Zied. "Mesure des propriétés thermiques des mélanges à base de caoutchouc dans les conditions de mise en oeuvre." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2006.
Full textIn rubber compounds processing, mastery of parts vulcanisation is of great importance in order to ensure dimensional and mechanical qualities of the parts and to reducing the cycle time. Studies dealing with the rubber vulcanisation show that a good prediction of the thermokinetic phenomena requires accurate thermal properties measurements of the rubbers compounds. The aim of the present work is the development of a thermal properties measurement tool under industrial processing conditions in pressure and temperature. Following the state of art presented in chapter 1, we present, in chapter 2, a thermal and kinetic characterization of the studied rubber compound with laboratory devices. Chapter 3 deals with the design and the manufacturing of the experimental device with a detailed presentation of the temperature and pressures regulation systems. Thermal measurements are performed with an original instrumentation detailed in chapter 4. Measurements issued from the experimental device and the results of the thermal parameters estimation are presented and discussed in chapter 5
Sarazin-Desbois, Céline. "Mesure des propriétés thermiques des mélanges à base de caoutchouc dans les conditions de mise en oeuvre." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=6aead3ca-90cf-4d8c-b16e-7333f3ca1f00.
Full textThis work is devoted to numerical approximation of radiative transfer models. On the one hand, we focus on the discrete ordinates model. In order to couple this phenomena with slower ones, accurate and efficient numerical methods for long times are recquired. From a double time-space approximation of the solution, a high order GRP type scheme is developped with unrestricted time steps for hyperbolic linear systems on unstructured meshes. This scheme is then extended to discrete ordinates model. On the other hand, we focus on moment models of radiative transfer. Actually, in many applications, they remain a lot of properties from the RTE and give a sufficient approximation of the solution. Once the Riemann problem of the grey M1 model is solved, the numerical approximation of the multigroupeM1 model is considered. A particular attention is paid on the calculation of opacity means and closure laws. A precalculation algorithm is developped. The last application is concerned with an extension of radiative transfer to estimate the dose in radiotherapy. Unlike the usual greyM1 model, the space dependence in the fluxes is not necessary smooth. Thanks to changings of variables, a backward HLL scheme is developped. Many examples illustrate the interest of the obtained schemes
Schick, Vincent. "Caractérisation d’une mémoire à changement de phase : mesure de propriétés thermiques de couches minces à haute température." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14280/document.
Full textThe Phase change Random Access Memories (PRAM), developed by semiconductor industry are based on rapid and reversible change from amorphous to crystalline stable phase of chalcogenide materials. The switching between the amorphous and the crystalline phase leads to change of the electrical resistance of material. The amorphous-to-crystalline transition is performed by heating the memory cell above the glass transition temperature (~130°C). The chalcogenide ternary compound glass Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST-225) is probably the candidate to become the most exploited material in the next generation of mass storage architectures. The Time Domain ThermoReflectance (TDTR) and the Modulated PhotoThermal Radiometry (MPTR) have been implemented to study the thermal properties of constituting element of PRAM deposited as thin layer (~100 nm) on silicon substrate. The thermal diffusivity and the Thermal Boundary Resistance of the PRAM film are retrieved. These parameters are identified using a model of heat transfer based on Fourier’s Law and the thermal impedance formalism. The measurements were performed in function of temperature from 25°C to 400°C. Structural and chemical changes due to the high temperature during the experimentation have been also investigated by using XRD, SEM, TOF-SIMS and ellipsometry techniques. The thermal properties of GST-225, insulator, heating and metallic electrode involved in these kind of storage devices were thus measured at a sub micrometric scale
Chabriac, Pierre-Antoine. "Mesure du comportement hygrothermique du pisé." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENTP0007.
Full textMassive rammed earth walls are known for their comfort of living and their ability to regulate the temperature and humidity inside buildings. The evolution of regulations – particularly the thermal ones (RT 2012) - now involves having buildings that meet stringent criteria. However, rammed earth buildings seem not to be in accordance with the references defined by these regulations. This suggests that criteria, other than the simple thermal resistance,should be taken into account to characterize the behavior of a rammed earth building. The coupled heat and mass transfers mechanisms occurring within a porous material such as rammed earth – which lead to this natural regulation – are well known empirically. However, their set scientific evidences are more difficult. The aim of the thesis was to develop a measurement chain of water and heat transfers in rammed earth, to observe and quantify them. A new rammed earth house has been studied during these three years. The thesis was then carried out in four phases:1. Development of a measurement chain (liquid water content probes, relative humidity, temperature and heat flux sensors). Each of the sensors was modified and adapted and calibrated to resist compaction and run in a dense material and containing clay;2. Geotechnical, hydric and thermal characterization of the material: particle size distribution, density, transfer of liquid and vapor, sorption, thermal conductivity,specific heat;3. Testing in laboratory at wall scale in a sealed box working as double climatic chambers designed in the laboratory. Four rammed earth walls were equipped with sensors developed in phase 1;4. Testing at a house scale: the reference house was equipped with the same sensors during construction and monitoring of transfers has been set up for at least 5 years.The main objectives were to instrument rammed earth walls during their manufacturing taking into account the compaction energy, to have a sensor calibration taking into account significant variations of in situ temperatures and record over a long period (at least 5 years) hydric and thermal conditions in the walls, as well as inside and outside the building.The obtained results demonstrate the phenomena of heat and water transfers occurring in the walls. The experimental results allow considering the development of models adapted to compacted earth
Brahim, Djelloul Ahmed Salim. "Radiométrie photothermique sous excitation aléatoire : application à la mesure de propriétés thermophysiques." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000830.pdf.
Full textIn this work we approached the possibilities of random photothermic radiometry as regards measurement, under low energy constraints of the thermal parameter diffusivity. In a theoretical stage, we showed: - the possibility by this method of leading to an identification of thermal systems when it is associated with a correlation analysis or a parametric analysis, implemented in the front face or in the rear face of the studied sample - the possibility by this method of leading to a correct estimate of the value of thermal diffusivity of a nylon sample or a sample of glass, there too by correlation analysis or parametric analysis, as well during an inspection in a front face of studied sample, as at the time an inspection in back face of this last. In an experimental stage, we then showed: - the possibility by photothermic method random in back face associated with a parametric analysis to lead to a good estimate of the thermal diffusivity of sample of nylon 6. 6, a sample of glass and wood, plaster samples, pyrex, of Teflon, polycarbonate and steel - the possibility by photothermic radiometry random in front face associated with a parametric analysis of leading to a good estimate of the thermal diffusivity of nylon 6. 6 samples
Jensen, Colby. "Rejoindre les nano et macro mondes : la mesure des propriétés thermiques utilisant la microscopie thermique et la radiométrie photothermique." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS002.
Full textIn nuclear applications, material properties can undergo significant alteration due to destructive interaction with irradiating particles at microstructural levels that affect bulk properties. One of the challenges associated with studies of ion-Irradiated materials is that the affected layer, or penetration depth, is typically very thin (~0.1-100 μm). This study expands the current knowledge base regarding thermal transport in ion-Irradiated materials through the use of a multiscaled experimental approach using thermal wave methods. In a manner not previously explored, four thermal wave methods are used to characterize the proton-Irradiated layer in ZrC including scanning thermal microscopy (SThM), spatial-Scanning front-Detection photothermal radiometry (PTR), lock-In IR thermography (lock-In IRT), and tomographic, frequency-Based PTR. For the first time, the in-Depth thermal conductivity profile of an irradiated sample is measured directly. The profiles obtained by each of the spatial scanning methods are compared to each other and the numerical prediction of the ion-Damage profile. The complementary nature of the various techniques validates the measured profile and the measured degradation of thermal conductivity in the ZrC sample
Rouleau, Jean. "Développement d'un nouveau concept de test de réponse thermo-hydraulique pour échangeurs de chaleur géothermiques verticaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26537.
Full textIt is important to know the subsurface thermal conductivity and the groundwater flow parameters (i.e. its velocity and orientation) when sizing a geothermal borefield. This master’s thesis presents a methodology and the conclusions of a numerical analysis of a novel thermal response test (TRT) concept for vertical geothermal heat exchangers. This configuration of TRT is able to measure both the hydraulic and the thermal properties of the ground. The main objective behind this work is to validate the concept and then to develop an efficient methodology to obtain from the thermal response of the TRT an estimation of the ground thermal conductivity along with the velocity and the orientation of groundwater flows. To achieve this, a numerical model of borehole was built using the finite element method. This model was then used to simulate the thermal response for various conditions. From these simulations, it has been possible to demonstrate the potential of the concept and to elaborate methodologies to find the desired properties. A graphical method is first presented. Following that, inverse problem techniques were applied to get a second measurement methodology. Results show that the suggested TRT is able to find the parameters in most of the cases.
Laurent, Jean-Paul. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermique des milieux poreux granulaires : optimisation d'outils de mesure "in-situ" des paramètres thermiques, application à l'étude des propriétés thermiques du matériau terre." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0101.
Full textRabat, Hervé. "Utilisation du spectre UV du radical OH dans la métrologie des hautes températures des gaz chauds et des plasmas." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2050.
Full textFabre, Grégory. "Influence des propriétés optiques et de l'endommagement de barrières thermiques EB-PVD pour la mesure d'adhérence par choc laser LASAT-2D." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00963742.
Full textVincent, Luc. "Méthodes calorimétriques pour systèmes réactionnels : conception et mise au point d'un prototype, validation par études thermocinétiques." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5482.
Full textWe put in evidence a need concerning a reaction calorimeter and methods of calculations permitting yo get some thermal data and to achieve some kinetic studies. We searched for some technical solutions in order to improve the thermal insulation in comparison with existing devices and to permit to draw off reaction mass to do some complementary analysis. This device also integrates a unique device of reaction simulation by Joule effect permitting a very precise calibration of measures, to test performances of the calorimeter and to determine fashions of optimal workings for the kinetic studies. Simulations of reaction achieved showed that our device permits, the determination of reaction heats and the kinetic parameter calculation with a very good precision. For the kinetic calculations, we proposed an approach based on isoconversional analysis. This method is the only one that permits the complex data treatment without applying for a reaction mechanism. In application, we studied the kinetics of a nucleophilic substitution and put in evidence the competition between mechanisms SN1 and SN2 governing this reaction. Besides, the agreement between results gotten on the different devices (reaction calorimeter, mini differential calorimeter and DSC) is very satisfactory
Humaish, Hussein Hafudh. "Thermal techniques for characterizing building insulation materials." Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0034/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of a long-term objective to determine in situ (and / or in use) the thermal properties of building insulation materials. We want to reduce the gap between the laboratory measurement and the actual performance of insulation in buildings walls. We have set two main objectives during this study: 1- To study the possibility of using a non-steady state hot probe for measuring thermal properties of insulants. 2- To study the thermal behaviour of insulation materials in use by using a guarded hot box. Climatic conditions in temperature and humidity close to real situations can be submitted supported by hot and cold cells. This work has shown the interest of using thermal probe to characterize insulating materials. Guarded hot box is also interesting for studies in real conditions and to followheat and mass transfer in buildings walls
Chabriac, Pierre-Antoine. "Mesure du comportement hygrothermique du pisé." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENTP0007/document.
Full textMassive rammed earth walls are known for their comfort of living and their ability to regulate the temperature and humidity inside buildings. The evolution of regulations – particularly the thermal ones (RT 2012) - now involves having buildings that meet stringent criteria. However, rammed earth buildings seem not to be in accordance with the references defined by these regulations. This suggests that criteria, other than the simple thermal resistance,should be taken into account to characterize the behavior of a rammed earth building. The coupled heat and mass transfers mechanisms occurring within a porous material such as rammed earth – which lead to this natural regulation – are well known empirically. However, their set scientific evidences are more difficult. The aim of the thesis was to develop a measurement chain of water and heat transfers in rammed earth, to observe and quantify them. A new rammed earth house has been studied during these three years. The thesis was then carried out in four phases:1. Development of a measurement chain (liquid water content probes, relative humidity, temperature and heat flux sensors). Each of the sensors was modified and adapted and calibrated to resist compaction and run in a dense material and containing clay;2. Geotechnical, hydric and thermal characterization of the material: particle size distribution, density, transfer of liquid and vapor, sorption, thermal conductivity,specific heat;3. Testing in laboratory at wall scale in a sealed box working as double climatic chambers designed in the laboratory. Four rammed earth walls were equipped with sensors developed in phase 1;4. Testing at a house scale: the reference house was equipped with the same sensors during construction and monitoring of transfers has been set up for at least 5 years.The main objectives were to instrument rammed earth walls during their manufacturing taking into account the compaction energy, to have a sensor calibration taking into account significant variations of in situ temperatures and record over a long period (at least 5 years) hydric and thermal conditions in the walls, as well as inside and outside the building.The obtained results demonstrate the phenomena of heat and water transfers occurring in the walls. The experimental results allow considering the development of models adapted to compacted earth
Milos̆ević, Nenad. "Mesure de la diffusivité thermique et de la résistance de contact thermique des couches minces sur des substrats par la méthode impulsionnelle." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0025/these.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to revise and improve one, as well as establish and develop the other pulse method for the measurements of thermal diffusivity and thermal contact resistance of thin layers deposited on substrate. To carry out this mission, the work was directed to following three axes: 1. Theoretical studies, having included both analytical and also numerical resolutions of heat conduction differential equations, for the corresponding initial and boundary conditions. 2. Numerical studies, having contained methods and procedures of parameter estimation, being applied in the particular problem. 3. Experimental studies, having implied modifications and development of the experimental setup, as well as execution of different experiments. In the first direction, one established several models that corresponded to one- ant two-dimensional heat conduction through a tow-layered system, implying general and particular initial and boundary conditions. In the second direction, for a study of the estimation possibilities of unknown parameters, as it was the thermal diffusivity of thin layer, in the presence of the uncertainties of known parameters, one applied and developed two different estimation procedures: first, direct, with original parameters, and the second, optimal, with modified parameters. Finally, in the third direction, one studied experimental problems, appropriate to the experimental setup and measurement itself, established another setup for two-dimensional measurements, and applied these devices, procedures, and thermal models obtained from the previous studies, to real different samples with thin layers
Carpentier, Olivier. "Auscultation de sites miniers par méthodes thermiques, suivi des réactions de combustion." Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0203.
Full textThe second half of the XXs century was the decline of the mining industry in Western Europe. The transfer of patrimony to district planning authority impose an evaluation of the risks on the behavior of coal tips. The North of France counts above 300 coal tips. Built in cone, coal tips offer hillsides to the limit of the break, the stability of the building being questionned. We consider at 50% the proportion of the entered of coal tips, or which will enter, in combustion in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The administrators are brought to assure a monitoring of coal tips in reaction. In the majority of the cases it is the infrared thermography which is used. Until now this technique limited itself to air interventions. The cost of the measure, the constraints practical and administrative limit the frequency of the interventions. The objective of the thesis was to work out an additional method of thermographical investigation on ground which allows a monitoring of the reaction a more supply way, less expensive and authorizing more regular interventions. Based on a coupled approach (topography, thermic, meteorology), campaigns of measure consist in realizing a 3D reconstruction of the site and its thermic cartography in differents times with the aim of a comparative study of the subsurface activity. This work articulates, on one hand, around a theoritical study of phenomenons of combustions in the massifs and transfers of heat at the solid-fluid interface, and, on the other hand, of a study experimental diligently on site to validate our numerical approach and to supply a methodology as for the follow-up of the reaction of combustion
Monchau, Jean-Pierre. "Mesure d'émissivité pour la thermographie infrarouge appliquée au diagnostic quantitatif des structures." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1128/document.
Full textThermography is a very useful diagnosis tool in buildings and civil engineering structures. However quantitative diagnosis remains difficult, and having accurate values of surface emissivity is an important factor. The present work is a study about emissivity measurement for quantitative diagnosis with thermography. We needed accurate measurement of the emissivity of a number of civil engineering materials, in order to create a database. Thus, it was necessary to develop new portable measurement devices. Two devices using an indirect measurement method were developed at CERTES laboratory. The method uses the measurement of the reflectivity from a modulated IR source and requires calibration with a highly reflective surface. The first device uses a low-frequency, thermal modulation well-adapted to laboratory measurements, whereas the second one is a portable system using a mechanical modulation at a faster frequency, more appropriate to outdoor measurements. Both devices allow measurements in the broad (1—50µm) and narrow (8—14µm) bands. Experiments were performed on a large number of materials commonly used in buildings and civil engineering structures. The final objective of this work is to build a database of emissivity for these materials. A comparison of laboratory and on-site measurements of emissivity values obtained in both spectral bands is presented along with an estimation and an analysis of measurement uncertainties. A comparative study with measurement obtained at LNE (Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais, French laboratory of metrology) was performed, using a range of materials with widely different radiative properties. An analysis of discrepancies and their possible causes is presented
Guennou, Chloé. "Propriétés thermiques et morphologiques de la couronne solaire : estimation de la robustesse des diagnostics par mesure d'émission différentielle (DEM) et reconstructions tomographiques des pôles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909106.
Full textGrandjean, Sylvie. "Réponse thermique à l'échelle locale dans les matériaux céramiques, effets des pores et des joints de grains." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0033.
Full textA heterogeneous material consists of a mixture of solid phases, pores and interfaces. Many models describe the equivalent thermal conductivity of porous or multiphase material. On the other hand, there is little information concerning the effect of the grain boundaries. We have therefor examined the relation between the porosity and the grain boundaries with conductivity and in particular we have evaluated the thermal resistance of the grain boundaries in alumina, tin oxide and magnesia. Values in the range 0. 7 to 2. 2 10-8 m2. K. W-1 were obtained for the three materials. In order to eliminate the contribution of the pores on resistance, a correction is made by the effective medium percolation theory. This choice was guided by a study in computer simulation of the effect of the porous structure on conductivity. The last part presents an experiment of local measurement of thermal conductivity applied to single crystal fibers as well as polycrystalline ceramics
Lefèvre, Stéphane. "Modélisation et élaboration des métrologies de microscopie thermique à sonde locale résistive." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007145.
Full textRiviere, Eric. "Sur la migration des composés hydrocarbones dans des mélanges complexes (huiles naturelles) par diffusion thermogravitationnelle en milieu poreux : étude expérimentale et état des modélisations." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30213.
Full textYala, Malika. "Étude et réalisation de microcapteurs de flux thermique en technologie silicium." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Yala.pdf.
Full textRémy, Benjamin. "Mesure de propriétés thermophysiques de matériaux minces et de dépôts par méthode Flash : application aux films polycristallins de diamant." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL020N.
Full textDucharme, Marc-André. "Caractérisation du pergélisol : application d'une nouvelle méthode afin d'estimer la conductivité thermique à l'aide de la tomodensitométrie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26733.
Full textWhen building in the Arctic, design considerations require precise knowledge of the thermal and geotechnical properties of the permafrost. Computed tomography provides visualization of the cryostructure of permafrost. Previous studies showed great potential in using this technology for classification and volume measurements of permafrost components, i.e. sediment (solid), ice and gas (void) contents. The aims of this study are (1) to develop an innovative and non-destructive approach using CT scan to compute the thermal conductivity of undisturbed permafrost samples and (2) to validate the results computed from CT scan image analysis with proven experimental thermal conductivity data. The very good results obtained so far show that CT scan thermal conductivity measurements yield results comparable to other existing methods. The new approach could still be significantly improved by the use of a higher resolution CT scanner.
Ganda, Hassane. "Méthode de mesure de l'émissivité spectrale directionnelle de matériaux à haute température : mise au point et application à des revêtements céramiques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30178.
Full textMedouer, Hadria. "Etude des composés métalliques de type M (NH₃)n : détermination de la structure par diffraction de neutrons et mesure des propriétés thermodynamiques." Valenciennes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988VALE0011.
Full textBrunel, Alan. "Propriétés thermodynamiques et thermophysiques des liquides à haute température : applications aux combustibles nucléaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS426.
Full textDuring a severe accident involving the meltdown of the core of a pressurized water nuclear reactor, the nuclear fuel will react with the zircalloy cladding around it and the structural materials of the core to make a high temperature magma called corium. Depending on its composition and its temperature, the corium can stratify because of two non-miscible metallic and oxidic liquids. For some stratification configurations, the heat flow can focus on the vessel’s wall, threatening its integrity with a corium flowing outside of it. The aim of this thesis is to collect thermodynamic and thermophysic data on a prototypical corium, the U-Zr-Fe-O system. The thermodynamic data collected in this thesis are related to the definition of the liquid miscibility gap and the compositions of the liquids in the U-Zr-Fe-O system and its sub-systems, depending on the composition and the temperature. Compositions of interest were selected after performing thermodynamic calculation by the CALPHAD method with the TAF-ID V13 database. The corresponding samples underwent heat treatments and post-treatment analyses to measure the compositions of the liquids and to compare them to thermodynamic calculations. An iron rich liquid miscibility gap and a zirconium rich one were highlighted in the Fe-Zr-O system. Although calculations were in agreement with data from the first miscibility gap at 1990 °C, measurements in the zirconium rich miscibility gap at 2420 °C and 2650 °C reveal an underestimation of the zirconium quantity in the metallic liquid and its overestimation in the oxidic liquid by the model. Studies on the UO2-Zr-Fe system at 2423 °C show that the liquid miscibility gap definition and the compositions of the liquids depend on the quantity of iron in the system, the U/Zr ratio and corium oxidation degree. Furthermore, the zirconium molar fraction is underestimated by the model in the metallic liquid to the benefit of iron, and is overestimated in the oxidic liquid. Finally, the oxygen solubility in the metallic liquid is underestimated by the model. Thermophysic data were collected thanks to the improvement of the ATTILHA experimental setup, allowing the study of oxygen sensitive or radioactive liquids at high temperature by using a laser heating. Experimental values on liquidus and eutectic transformation temperatures of the oxygen-rich domain of the Zr-O system were acquired with this setup. Furthermore, the development of the aerodynamic levitation allows us the investigation liquids’densities for the Zr-Fe2O3 and the Zr-UO2 systems between 1884 °C and 2268 °C for different zirconium molar fractions. Densities of liquids from the Zr-Fe2O3 system were used to refine surface tension values acquired on the VITI-MBP setup at CEA Cadarache. These values confirmed the surfacting properties of the oxygen on these liquids. The experimental data collected during this thesis will be used to feed the databases and to improve the forecast of the corium’s behavior during a severe accident
Mejbar, Jaouad. "Contribution à l'étude des alliages (ca, ge) et (ca, pd) : mesure des enthalpies et des enthalpies libres : modélisation diagrammatique : estimation des entropies de formation." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10194.
Full textHilic, Sacha. "Mise au point d'une technique couplée, détecteur à fil vibrant et méthode pVT, pour la mesure simultanée du gonflement d'un polymère lors de l'absorption d'un fluide supercritique et de la solubilité du fluide dans le polymère." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF2A001.
Full textBelgacem, Bouzida Aïssa. "Méthodes calorimétriques appliquées aux systèmes métalliques : 1) Thermodynamique du système (MO, GA) et première approche du système (NB, GA) : 2) Mesure automatique des capacités thermiques." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10464.
Full textAmiel, Martin. "Méthode pour une optimisation du diagnostic de performance énergétique via une approche instrumentée." Thesis, Chambéry, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CHAMA007.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to make more reliable and relevant building’s energy performance diagnostic. The current regulatory context is too simplified to allow massification of efficient building retrofit. Currently, building’s energy performance diagnostic is made in order to make comparable building’s performance without taking into account the use, the functioning and the external environment. The result is a standardized performance and not a representative performance of the building. Finally, renovations recommended are not specific to the building and the resulting savings are tainted with errors. In order to change this, it is proposed to rethink the building’s energy performance diagnostic by taking into account the external environment, the uses, the actual functioning of the building and all the uncertainties associated with them. In addition to renovations to achieve on the building envelope, and technical equipment, the proposed diagnosis will also include an analysis of uses to highlight potential energy saving before retrofit.At first, we must have information on the building:- Physical information: plans, sections, materials used, technical equipment in place.- Consumption data: they are retrieved from a building instrumentation system.Those data will be used into two different diagnostic tools. The first is an improvement of regulatory building’s energy performance diagnostic. The second allows the analysis of consumptions patterns of the building.In order to improve the result of the regulatory building’s energy performance diagnostic, the energy consumption sources that are not taken into account will be added and the calculation of existing energy consumption sources will be improved to reach a higher level of precision. The data from the instrumentation system will also be used to get information on consumptions patterns of the building, performance of technical equipment and the external environment. Those data will also allow to get the correct calibration of the global energy performance from the new building’s energy performance diagnostic. Once calibrated, the results will be compared with threshold values to identify building’s weaknesses and subject to a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. The main objective is to make the result of the new building’s energy performance diagnostic more relevant and identify sensitive and influential parameters.Consumptions data will be analyzed to highlight different consumption patterns of the building to finally extract a potential energy saving without carrying out renovation. In order to do that, statistical tools will be used. At first, the clustering method developed will allow to get together days with similar consumptions profiles. Next, among all the groups realized, those identified as a drift of the building’s consumptions will be analyzed to highlight the potential. This potential is relative to the dataset considered. We don’t know the optimal performance of the existing building and this potential may not be sufficient to reach it. To be relevant, this potential must take into account several parameters (occupation, heating period, summer period…) and all factors that can affect the building’s energy consumption.The ultimate goal is to have these two tools interact to improve the accuracy of building’s energy performance diagnostic. The improvement of energy performance does not necessarily involve renovation work, different solutions are possible:- The optimization of the existing: the energy savings potential will be used to optimize the building's performance.- Unit Actions / Heavy Renovation: dialogue between the building’s energy performance diagnostic and the results of the potential for energy savings will be needed.Energy savings generated by this analysis are double. We play both on the building, its equipment and their uses. Energy savings generated are then more precisely controlled
Vogt, Wu Tingting. "Formalisme des impédances thermiques généralisées : application à la caractérisation thermique de parois de bâtiments." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0207/document.
Full textThe research is relative to the diagnosis of building energy by developing tools and non destructive testing procedures based on heat transfer. The objective of this work is to study the thermal behavior of walls constituting the building envelope, namely to identify the main thermal characteristics (thermal conductivity, volumetric heat...) and the phenomena of phase stresses in laboratory and in situ conditions. The instrumentation is based on the use of heat flux sensor thaht is specific and innovative, it is associated with procedures for data processing in the frequency domain (thermal impedance), based both on models and studies sensitivities to different parameters induced by experimental procedure. Beyond the regulatory objectives, it is necessary to estimate the influence of the implementation of the components of the walls but also the evolution of their thermal characteristics depending on the micro-climate disturbance (changes in water content). The characterization is based on laboratory measurements, "classic" on samples of materials of small dimensions (few dm²), but also on walls reconstituted medium size (several square meters). Finally the results are compared with measurements made in situ on existing buildings for a full year with the seasons
Liu, Yang. "Développement de méthodes d'identification des propriétés thermo-physiques de matériaux semi-transparents Résolution de problèmes conducto-radiatifs instationnaires en 2d axisymétrique pour l'identification de propriétés thermophysiques de matériaux semi-transparents." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0019.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop the methods for characterizing the thermophysical properties of semi-transparent materials. First of all, an unsteady axisymmetric 2D conductive-radiative direct model aiming at modeling a "flash method" experiment in which excitation is localized in space and time is developed. The radiative heat transfer within the material characterized by the mean absorption coefficient is simplified by using the P1 method. The simplified radiative heat transfer equation, as well as the energy equation, are solved by the finite volume method. Afterwards, an identification model coupling the direct simulation, the experimental data and the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) is developed to simultaneously identify the thermal conductivity and the mean absorption coefficient of the semi-transparent material. In the next part, an identification model based on a multilayer artificial neural network is proposed and tested. The training and test phases of the neural network are performed using a database generated by the direct model. Synthetic data with different noise levels and experimental data are used to respectively demonstrate the robustness and feasibility of this approach to solve practical problems. Finally, in order to reduce the calculation time and increase the identification efficiency, a low-order reduced model of the direct model is built using the modal identification method and tested under different boundary conditions. The coupling of this reduced model with experimental data is not implemented, which are considered as one of the perspectives of this thesis
Brunel, Florent. "Étude thermomécanique du couple roue-semelle ferroviaire sous sollicitations de freinage." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-77.pdf.
Full textUne seconde modélisation est proposée permettant la prise en compte de la géométrie 3D de la semelle. L'originalité se situe dans la résolution thermique transitoire de la roue, basée sur un suivi temporel d'une section de roue suivie d'une reconstitution 3D. Les résultats permettent la prédiction des localisations sur toute la surface de frottement. L'utilisation conjointe de ces modèles permet de répondre à l'objectif de prédiction des gradients thermiques et de mise à disposition de moyens d'optimisation de la semelle. Pour le second objectif de prédiction de l'évolution des contraintes résiduelles dans les roues, la détermination de l'état initial, issu du traitement thermique, est nécessaire. Elle est réalisée à l'aide d'un modèle thermomécanique 2D axisymétrique. Le coefficient d'échange thermique, lors de la trempe, a été identifié sur un dispositif expérimental développé spécifiquement. Différentes simulations ont pu montrer l'importance du modèle de comportement du matériau de la roue sur la distribution des contraintes résiduelles, notamment la prise en compte des phénomènes visqueux. Les résultats indiquent une bonne prédiction de l'évolution des contraintes résiduelles, de compression après le traitement thermique puis leur passage en traction après freinages, en conformité avec les relevés expérimentaux. Des compléments sont en cours pour une meilleure identification du modèle de comportement du matériau de la roue
Ould, Khaoua Sid-Ali. "Modélisation de l'aération naturelle et du microclimat des serres en verre de grande portée sous climat tempéré océanique." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357023.
Full textLa ventilation naturelle est le système le plus économique pour réguler le microclimat interne de la serre. Néanmoins, elle n'offre qu'un contrôle limité sur l'écoulement d'air dans la serre et reste difficile à maîtriser.
Cette étude contribue à l'analyse et à la modélisation des phénomènes mis en jeu dans l'aération naturelle des serres en verre, de grande portée, habituellement utilisées en culture ornementale (plantes en pots), sous climat tempéré, tel qu'en Anjou. Deux approches complémentaires incluant expérimentation in situ et modélisation mathématique du climat distribué sont mises en œuvre.
Des campagnes de mesures ont été menées à l'intérieur d'une serre de production et dans son environnement immédiat sous conditions réelles de culture ornementale. Des données météorologiques : température de l'air, vitesse et direction du vent, rayonnement solaire et atmosphérique, ont été collectées. L'ensemble de ces mesures constitue un jeu de données conséquent destiné à fournir les entrées du modèle numérique. Parallèlement à ces mesures, nous avons systématiquement procédé à des mesures du taux de renouvellement d'air qui ont été utilisées pour valider le modèle.
Un modèle numérique a été mis en œuvre. Il s'appuie sur un code de mécanique des fluides numérique (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Ce code permet de prédire les champs de vitesses et de températures à l'intérieur de la serre après résolution numérique des équations de base qui régissent les mouvements d'air (équations de Navier-Stokes couplées à l'équation de l'énergie) dans le domaine de calcul considéré. La turbulence, dont l'effet est loin d'être négligeable sous serre, a été modélisée à l'aide d'une fermeture de type k-e. Le taux d'aération a pu être déduit ensuite par résolution d'une équation de transport d'un gaz traceur virtuel. Un module radiatif a été ajouté dans le modèle numérique afin de prendre en compte le rayonnement d'origine solaire et atmosphérique. Ce module résout l'équation des Transferts Radiatifs qui est couplée à l'équation de l'énergie.
Ce modèle « complet » a pu être vérifié et validé pour différentes conditions climatiques. Il a été ensuite utilisé pour analyser l'impact de la configuration des ouvrants sur le climat et sur les flux de chaleur au niveau de la toiture de la serre. Cette analyse a porté non seulement sur la ventilation mais aussi sur l'homogénéité de la distribution des vitesses et des températures dans la serre et notamment au niveau des cultures.
Enfin, des indicateurs d'efficacité de l'aération de la serre sous climat estival ont pu être dégagés pour différentes configurations d'aération (ouverture) et différentes conditions climatiques.