Journal articles on the topic 'Corio Bay'

Em seu romance de estreia, Nicole Dennis-Benn retrata o cotidiano de Montego Bay, costa norte da Jamaica, através do olhar de quatro protagonistas. A autora, jamaicana de nascimento, muda-se para os Estados Unidos aos 17 anos para cursar medicina. Mestra em Saúde Pública, deixa sua atuação como pesquisadora na Universidade de Columbia para se dedicar à escrita. Lança em 2016 Here Comes the Sun, traduzido no Brasil como Bem-Vindos ao Paraíso, sendo recebido com atenção e boas críticas da mídia especializada, indicado a diversos prêmios literários, dos quais fatura o Lambda Literary Award.

<p><span>El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta prolífica de cormos de banano cv. Williams a la aplicación de 6-bencilaminopurina (6-BAP) y un bioestimulante a base de extracto de algas, en condiciones de cámara térmica. En la granja experimental “La Teodomira” de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador, se realizó una investigación desde noviembre del 2013 a abril del 2014. Los tratamientos fueron 6-bencilaminopurina (6-BAP) en concentraciones de 0, 20, 40 y 80 mg/l, y un bioestimulante a base de extractos de algas en dosis de 0, 20, 40 y 80 ml/cormo. La bencilaminopurina fue aplicada en el cormo, y el bioestimulante fue aplicado en </span><span class="char-style-override-4">drench</span><span>. El diseño utilizado fue bloques completos al azar con tratamiento factorial A x B, donde los factores fueron 6-BAP y el bioestimulante, los tratamientos, fueron replicados cuatro veces, para un total de 64 unidades experimentales. Se detectaron diferencias significativas (p≤0,0001) para el factor 6-BAP, donde la mayor tasa de multiplicación fue alcanzada con la concentración de 40 mg/l con 47,28 plántulas/cormo. No hubo diferencias significativas (p≥0,9167) para el bioestimulante, ni para la interacción 6-BAP x bioestimulante (p≥0,3789). Se evidenció la formación de tejido calloso a partir de los brotes de primera generación (R1). Con la concentración de 80 mg/l de 6-BAP, se observó la presencia de plántulas anormales, en mayor proporción en las que provenían de tejido callo</span></p>

En este artículo se presenta la evolución de un evento de marea roja ocurrido en la bahía de Mazatlán, localizada al noroeste de México, durante febrero de 1996. Las imágenes de temperatura superficial del mar (TSM), obtenidas mediante el radiómetro avanzado de muy alta resolución (AVHRR), mostraron una temperatura superficial inicial relativamente alta de 24°C en la zona costera, seguido de un decremento abrupto de 2.5°C debido a un enfriamiento eólico. Inmediatamente se restablecen las condiciones cálidas en la región. Las imágenes de satélite muestran buen potencial en el análisis de los procesos oceánicos de corto plazo responsables del desarrollo y comportamiento de las mareas rojas. La resolución espacial de 1.1 km del sensor AVHRR fue satisfactoria en latitudes cercanas a los 23° N.

Altered expression of corin, a cardiac transmembrane serine protease, has been linked to dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, the potential role of corin in myocardial infarction (MI) is lacking. This study examined the outcomes of MI in wild-type vs. cardiac-specific overexpressed corin transgenic (Corin-Tg) mice during pre-MI, early phase (3, 24, 72 h), and late phase (1, 4 weeks) post-MI. Corin overexpression significantly reduced cardiac cell apoptosis (p < 0.001), infarct size (p < 0.001), and inhibited cleavage of procaspases 3, 9, and 8 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01), as well as altered the expression of Bcl2 family proteins, Bcl-xl, Bcl2 and Bak (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) at 24 h post-MI. Overexpressed cardiac corin also significantly modulated heart function (ejection fraction, p < 0.0001), lung congestion (lung weight to body weight ratio, p < 0.0001), and systemic extracellular water (edema, p < 0.05) during late phase post-MI. Overall, cardiac corin overexpression significantly reduced apoptosis, infarct size, and modulated cardiac expression of key members of the apoptotic pathway in early phase post-MI; and led to significant improvement in heart function and reduced congestion in late phase post-MI. These findings suggest that corin may be a useful target to protect the heart from ischemic injury and subsequent post-infarction remodeling.

L'atassia-telangectasia di Louis-Bar è una sindrome eredofamiliare caratterizzata da una progressiva atassia cerebellare ad inizio nell'età infantile, da progressiva telangectasia oculo-cutanea, da aumentata tendenza all'insorgenza di neoplasie e da una spiccata suscettibilità alle infezioni delle vie respiratorie. Tre pazienti portatori di detta sindrome sono stati studiati, nel corso di diversi anni, rispettivamente con pneumoencefalografia frazionata, tomodensitometria e risonanza magnetica. In tutti erano presenti modificazioni morfologiche parenchimali, principalmente rappresentate da evidente atrofia vermiana. Tale reperto non ha carattere di specificità; la risonanza magnetica sembra, tuttavia, una eccellente metodica di screening nelle fasi iniziali della malattia, essendo in grado di far escludere lesioni di differente natura.

Differences in the diversity of fish species between granite and limestone reefs, as well as high- and low-relief limestone reefs, were investigated at Hamelin Bay, south-western Australia. It was found that there were significant differences in the presence and abundance of fish species between granite reefs and limestone reefs. Granite reefs were characterized by greater numbers of Coris auricularis (western king wrasse) and Parma mccullochi (common scalyfin), whereas limestone reefs had greater numbers of the fish species Odax cyanomelas (herring cale), Pempheris klunzingeri (rough bullseye) and Kyphosus sydneyanus (common buffalo bream). A significant difference in fish diversity was also found between high-relief and low-relief limestone reefs in the same area. More species were found on the high-relief reefs than low-relief reefs. Complementing differences in fish assemblages, significant differences were found in algal assemblages from the different habitats. This was mainly owing to a dominance of Ecklonia radiata on low-relief limestone reefs. Ecklonia radiata was less dominant on granite reefs and on high-relief limestone reefs, where there was a lower overall algal biomass and a higher total number of species.

O estudo foi desenvolvido na Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, na Base de Piscicultura Carlos Eduardo Matiaze, situada no município de Presidente Médici/RO com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho produtivo de juvenis de tambaqui alimentados com diferentes taxas de alimentação em relação ao peso corporal (PC), cultivados em tanques–rede. Foram utilizados 180 juvenis, com peso médio inicial de 0,033 Kg ± 0,001 Kg distribuídos em 20 tanques – rede de 1 m3 dispostos em viveiro de 1000 m2 (20 m x 50 m) e profundidade de 1,64 m. O delineamento experimental foi ao acaso com cinco tratamentos com diferentes taxas de alimentação (TA) e quatro repetições (2, 4, 6, 8 e 10% do PC). Os parâmetros avaliados foram comprimento do corpo (m), comprimento da cabeça (m), altura do corpo (m), PC (Kg) e conversão alimentar. A avaliação sensorial do “baby fish” também foi realizada. Os resultados deste trabalho demostraram que o melhor desempenho produtivo sob as diferentes TA fornecidas diariamente foi a de 6%, nesta taxa foi obtido maior produtividade em relação ao fator tempo. Já a análise sensorial do tambaqui baby fish cultivado em tanques-rede a TA de 10% foi o preferido dos consumidores pela característica macia e suculenta da carne.

Este artigo apresenta os modos de socialização de um grupo de mulheres lésbicas masculinas em um bar do centro do Rio de Janeiro. Através da explicitação das autodenominações e das performances corporais, tento desvendar modos alternativos de construção de masculinidades que tem como suporte o corpo das mulheres e não dos homens. Por sua vez, essas performances dão espaço para a discussão dos modos em que as categorias binárias de homem/mulher e masculino/feminino se desmancham na cotidianidade do campo.

Art—or at least the kind we most like to write about—is almost always political, whether it is inter/national or personal; and though TDR has already taken this up in its “War and Other Bad Shit” issue, the topic remains center stage. In his review of Dutch theatre troupe Dood Paard's medEia, Jacob Gallagher-Ross notes the emergence of “a new age of the chorus” in which spectatorship becomes inseparable from paralyzed witnessing and Medea's tragedy is reconceived as a metaphor for the West's tragic relations with the East. Laurietz Seda explores Guillermo Gómez-Peña's recent performance/installation Mapa/Corpo 2: Interactive Rituals for the New Millennium, a fluid piece that, like much of the artist's recent work, addresses the xenophobia and “war on difference” that underlies the US's ongoing War on Terror. The Burmese stand-up trio the Moustache Brothers is the subject of Xan Colman and Tamara Searle's personal account of how performance can be both art and resistance in a contradictory and charged political regime.

Jean-Jacques Dortous de Mairan (1678-1771) was accused by d'Alembert of attempting to rehabilitate abstract metaphysical systems. However, Mairan makes clear in his preface to the Dissertation sur la glace (1749) that he distinguishes between good and bad systems. In this he takes a position which differs little from that of Condillac, whom d’Alembert so much admired. An examination of his published works and unpublished correspondence corro-borates this and reveals a sophisticated and in some ways modern conception of scientific method. It seems likely that Mairan’s pronouncements on systems were received with suspicion because of his reputation as a stubborn Cartesian.

Polianthes tuberosa L. es una planta endémica de México, comercialmente se cultiva para flor de corte, y, además, es utilizada en la industria farmacéutica y del perfume. Tradicionalmente, los productores la propagan utilizando los cormos, lo que ha ocasionado que el cultivo presente poca variabilidad genética y posiblemente, por esta razón solo se conocen cultivares con flores blancas. Con base en lo anterior el objetivo de la presente investigación consistió en establecer la metodología práctica y competitiva para propagar in vitro Polianthes tuberosa L. Las yemas y pequeños segmentos de tejido de cormo fueron colocadas sobre la superficie del medio de cultivo, base GC (comunicación personal Guillermo Carrillo) con las sales inorgánicas del medio de cultivo Murashige y Skoog (1962) por litro, 50 mL de agua de coco, 20 g de sacarosa, 6.4 g de agar y el pH fue ajustado a 5.7. Con este medio básico se prepararon medios de cultivo que contenían bencilaminopurina (BAP), ácido naftalenacético (ANA), ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D), ácido indolacético (AIA), y cinetina. La formación de brotes que dieron origen a las plántulas ocurrió mediante, la regeneración directa de la yema floral la cual al crecer forma sólo una plántula y a partir del tejido de la base de la yema, de esta región se obtuvieron hasta seis brotes por yema en el medio que contiene BAP, 4.5 mg y ANA, 0.1 mg, del cual la regeneración de brotes fue mayor (56.1 %). En el caso de cormo el problema fue la contaminación llegando en algunos casos hasta el 100 % de los cultivos. Es de resaltar la importancia de poder lograr la regeneración masiva in vitro de plantas de nardo a partir de yemas florales.

resumo Este trabalho pretende realizar uma leitura crítica do romance El beso de la mujer araña (1976), escrito pelo argentino Manuel Puig, a partir de uma perspectiva que questiona os arranjos e as representações de gênero e sexualidade dentro do universo diegético da narrativa. É a partir das categorias de focalização, cunhada por Mieke Bal, e de performatividade, elaborada no campo dos estudos feministas por Judith Butler, que se pretende sustentar a leitura desse romance como uma alegoria política da economia do corpo, do gênero e dos afetos, sustentáculos para a proposta de uma ética da alteridade como alternativa aos valores patriarcais e heteronormativos que subordinam as possibilidades identitárias de gênero e de expressão do desejo sexual.

Propõe-se aqui um percurso de investigação sobre o enunciado oral, o silêncio e as imagens no cinema contemporâneo, tendo como motivação alguns filmes (Bad Guys, 2001, Primavera, verão, outono, inverno... e primavera, 2003, Casa vazia, 2004 e Time, 2006) de Kim Ki-duk, cineasta sul-coreano que vem sendo chamado de “cineasta do silêncio”. Pasolini, Deleuze, Santaella, Steiner e Sontag forneceram o embasamento teórico para entendimento da linguagem híbrida do cinema e do estatuto semiótico que recebem o enunciado oral e o silêncio, no contexto cinematográfico e das artes em geral. A observação dos filmes de Kiduk, como parte do novo cinema coreano, revela particularidades de uma estética em que a recusa da linguagem verbal e a afirmação do corpo ressoam demandas contemporâneas por novos modos de ver e ouvir no cinema.

Art—or at least the kind we most like to write about—is almost always political, whether it is inter/national or personal; and though TDR has already taken this up in its “War and Other Bad Shit” issue, the topic remains center stage. In his review of Dutch theatre troupe Dood Paard's medEia, Jacob Gallagher-Ross notes the emergence of “a new age of the chorus” in which spectatorship becomes inseparable from paralyzed witnessing and Medea's tragedy is reconceived as a metaphor for the West's tragic relations with the East. Laurietz Seda explores Guillermo Gómez-Peña's recent performance/installation Mapa/Corpo 2: Interactive Rituals for the New Millennium, a fluid piece that, like much of the artist's recent work, addresses the xenophobia and “war on difference” that underlies the US's ongoing War on Terror. The Burmese stand-up trio the Moustache Brothers is the subject of Xan Colman and Tamara Searle's personal account of how performance can be both art and resistance in a contradictory and charged political regime.

Art—or at least the kind we most like to write about—is almost always political, whether it is inter/national or personal; and though TDR has already taken this up in its “War and Other Bad Shit” issue, the topic remains center stage. In his review of Dutch theatre troupe Dood Paard's medEia, Jacob Gallagher-Ross notes the emergence of “a new age of the chorus” in which spectatorship becomes inseparable from paralyzed witnessing and Medea's tragedy is reconceived as a metaphor for the West's tragic relations with the East. Laurietz Seda explores Guillermo Gómez-Peña's recent performance/installation Mapa/Corpo 2: Interactive Rituals for the New Millennium, a fluid piece that, like much of the artist's recent work, addresses the xenophobia and “war on difference” that underlies the US's ongoing War on Terror. The Burmese stand-up trio the Moustache Brothers is the subject of Xan Colman and Tamara Searle's personal account of how performance can be both art and resistance in a contradictory and charged political regime.

O exame de ultrassonografia obstétrica não faz parte da rotina de pré-natal recomendada pela OMS ou pelo Ministério da Saúde. Entretanto é o exame complementar mais utilizado no pré-natal, mesmo não havendo demonstração de que este procedimento reduza a morbidade e a mortalidade perinatal ou materna. O que produz a busca crescente e a naturalização deste consumo?Que efeitos produz na vivência da mulher gestante? Este trabalho visa discutir como a ultrassonografia obstétrica, em seus usos mercadológicos e procedimentos, produz uma secundarização da experiência da mulher. É um estudo qualitativo que utilizou da observação participante para coleta de dados e utiliza o método de análise do discurso de Pechaux. Foram observados 23 exames ultrassonográficos na cidade de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, com o objetivo de analisar os discursos presentes durante os exames. Os discursos foram divididos em 6 categorias: A inversão de protagonista a incubadora, Baby Tour e subjetivação dos movimentos, Plateia do espetáculo: produção e consumo de percepções, A venda de produtos ou indução ao tipo de parto, De fetos visíveis aos direitos do nascituro e O corpo que aparece: a desincorporação subjetiva. O modo como a ultrassonografia tem sido usada modifica o lugar-experiência da gestante, transferindo todo o protagonismo para o feto ou para o médico como diretor da cena. O apelo pelo consumo abusivo dos exames facilita sua mercantilização, esfumaça a capacidade de enfrentamento à medicalização e pode resultar na dependência e na alienação.

INTRODUÇÃO: A propriocepção é um termo utilizado para descrever todas as informações neurais originadas nos proprioceptores das articulações, músculos, tendões, cápsulas e ligamentos, que são enviadas por meio das vias aferentes ao sistema nervoso central. A eletromiografia (EMG) é o estudo da função muscular por meio da averiguação do sinal elétrico que emana do músculo, sendo também, o estudo da atividade da unidade motora. OBJETIVO: Realizar uma análise eletromiográfica dos músculos reto femoral (RF) e tibial anterior (TA), em diferentes exercícios proprioceptivos (disco de Freeman-DIS e balancim-BAL) com os olhos abertos (OA) e fechados (OF). MÉTODOS: A análise foi realizada com 10 indivíduos do gênero masculino, fisicamente ativos, em um tempo de coleta de 10 segundos em cada aparelho tanto com olhos abertos como fechados. RESULTADOS: De acordo com nossos achados, observamos uma diferença significativa quando os exercícios proprioceptivos são realizados com olhos abertos e olhos fechados, obtendo uma ativação muscular maior, de acordo com a análise eletromiográfica, nos exercícios com olhos fechados, ressaltando a importância do sistema visual e como ele interfere na posição do corpo quando este é submetido a variações de equilíbrio causadas pelos aparelhos pesquisados. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que o músculo reto femoral não apresentou diferenças significativas evidentes entre os aparelhos balancim e disco de Freeman, assim como quando o exercício era realizado com os olhos abertos ou fechados. A diferença significativa ocorrida foi entre o balancim OA e OF e entre balancim OA e disco de Freeman OF. Já o músculo tibial anterior, apresentou diferenças significativas maiores, principalmente com os olhos fechados, independente do aparelho, os quais não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre eles.

Una población numerosa puede favorecer el crecimiento económico (un bebé puede ser un futuro aportador de impuestos), generar oportunidades para la innovación tecnológica (un bebé puede ser un futuro genio e innovador) y dinamizar la economía (más consumidores y más costos compartidos). Pero esto solo puede ser posible si el tejido social y económico de una sociedad es el propicio. ¿Será el crecimiento poblacional amazónico en Ecuador lo suficientemente elevado para garantizar más pobreza y conflicto social a corto y largo plazo, o será un factor de desarrollo? La región amazónica posee la tasa más alta de natalidad en Ecuador. En 60 años, la población se ha multiplicado 16 veces. La ausencia de servicios básicos y educación promueve tasas de natalidad elevadas, especialmente en los indígenas. Existe evidencia de que el crecimiento poblacional (natalidad y migración) promueve la deforestación en la región amazónica. El presente ensayo es una síntesis del cambio demográfico y sus efectos sobre la deforestación, frontera agrícola, urbanización y las estrategias indígenas frente al cambio. Una población en rápido crecimiento puede contribuir a la economía y estabilidad social, solamente si se cumplen las condiciones necesarias de educación y oportunidades laborales. Estas últimas características particularmente ausentes de forma histórica para la región amazónica de Ecuador. Abstract A large population can promote economic growth (a baby could be a future tax payer), can generate new opportunities for technological innovation (a baby can be a future genius and innovator), and can contribute to a dynamic economy (more consumers and more shared costs). However, this is possible only if the social and economic conditions of a society are the necessarily required. Would the population growth in Amazonian Ecuador be sufficiently large as to guarantee more poverty and social conflict in the short and long term, or will it be a factor for development?. The Amazonian region has the highest birth rate in Ecuador. The population has grown 16 times over the last 60 years. The absence of basic services and education promotes high birth rates, especially on indigenous people. There is evidence that population growth (births and migration) promotes deforestation in the Amazonian region. The present essay is a synthesis of demographic change and its effects on deforestation, the agricultural frontier, urbanization and the indigenous strategies to confront this change. A population under rapid growth can contribute to the economy and social stability, only if the necessary conditions for education and available employment are met. These last characteristics have been particularly absent in the history of Amazonian Ecuador.

<p class="p1">El tomate de árbol (<em>Cyphomandra betacea</em>) es un frutal de importancia comercial en países como Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, donde se consume como fruta fresca y procesada. Tradicionalmente, es propagado por semillas y estacas, y enfrenta problemas de heterogeneidad y calidad de material de siembra. </p><p class="p1">En esta investigación se desarroll<em>ó </em>un protocolo para la micropropagación <em>in vitro </em>del tomate de árbol criollo del fenotipo naranja, proveniente de Costa Rica, el cual presenta potencial para la diversificación agrícola y la agroindustria. Se evaluaron dos tratamientos de desinfección <em>in vitro </em>con variaciones en la concentración del Ca(ClO)<span class="s1">2 </span>2,5% y 5,0% (i.a 75%), tres tratamientos para la multiplicación in vitro del material con diferentes reguladores de crecimiento y concentración de sales MS (1962), y seis tratamientos para el enraizamiento <em>i</em>n vitro con diversos reguladores de crecimiento y gelificantes. </p><p class="p1">Se determinó que la desinfección con 2,5% de Ca(ClO)<span class="s1">2 </span>fue la mejor para el establecimiento in vitro; el mejor medio de cultivo para la micropropagación del material fue el M1, compuesto por sales MS(1962) al 100%, sacarosa al 3%, phytagel<span class="s2"><strong><em>® </em></strong></span>1,8g/L, 0,5mg/L de AG<span class="s1">3</span>, 0,25mg/L de BAP y 2,0 mg/L de PaCa, el cual presentó el mejor balance entre el número promedio de brotación/explante y el número promedio de entrenudos/explante, sin formación excesiva de callo, mientras que el medio de cultivo E5, constituido por sales MS(1962) al 100%, agar 6,0g/L y sacarosa al 3%, sin reguladores del crecimiento y el medio de cultivo E6, que incluía las sales MS(1962) al 100%, agar 8,0g/L y sacarosa al 3%, sin reguladores del crecimiento, mostraron el periodo más corto para la formación de raíces, el mayor número promedio de raíces y la mayor longitud promedio de raíz y tallo. </p>

Saber como a comunidade escolar pensa sobre os problemas ambientais é a forma de desenvolver estratégias para combatê-los. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi diagnosticar a percepção ambiental sobre os resíduos sólidos do corpo docente e discente de uma escola pública do Agreste da Paraíba. As técnicas de coleta utilizadas foram o questionário e a observação participante. Sobre o conceito de educação ambiental, 40% (n=10) dos docentes têm visão generalista e 60% afirmou trabalhar a questão, apesar de tais atividades não terem sido observadas. Os docentes apresentaram confusão entre os conceitos de lixo e resíduos sólidos. 90% dos alunos (N=52) relacionou o ‘lixo’ com algo ruim e 67% afirmou que a escola tem coleta seletiva, apesar da mesma não ser observada. De forma geral, a escola demonstrou desconhecer a problemática dos resíduos sólidos. Knowing how the school community think about environmental problems is one way to solve these problems. The objective of this study was to diagnose the environmental perception about solid waste of the faculty and students of a public School the Agreste region of Paraíba, using questionnaires and participant observation. On the concept of environmental education, 40% (n = 10) of teachers have more generalist view and 60% said developing environmental education practices in school, even if those activities were not observed. 90% of the students (n = 52), related waste as a bad thing and 67% said that the school has selective collection; in spite of it was not observed. The school community do not know about the solid waste problem. Saber como la comunidad escolar piensa sobre los problemas ambientales es la forma de desarrollar estrategias para combatirlos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue diagnosticar la percepción ambiental sobre los residuos sólidos de los maestros y estudiantes de una escuela pública del Agreste de Paraíba, a través de cuestionarios y observación participante. Sobre el concepto de educación ambiental, el 40% (n=10) de los docentes tienen una visión general y el 60% afirmó trabajar sobre el tema, a pesar de que tales actividades no fueron observadas. Los docentes presentaron confusión entre los conceptos de basura y residuos sólidos. El 90% de los alumnos (N=52) relacionó la ‘basura’ con algo desagradable y el 67% afirmó que la escuela tiene recolección selectiva, a pesar de no fue observada. La escuela demostró desconocer la problemática de los residuos sólidos.

Questo articolo presenta l'esperienza di Infant Observation come centrale per la formazione analitica, in quanto capace di sviluppare la capacità di "osservare per vedere" del terapeuta ed il contatto con il proprio bambino interiore; essa predispone altresì all'ascolto del proprio controtransfert nel rapporto con l'altro-da-Sé entro un gioco relazionale carico di significati. Emerge dallo scritto come il concetto di formazione-trasformazione connoti l'intera esperienza, riguardando trasversalmente tutte le menti coinvolte. A modifi-carsi sono, in tal senso, il sentire dell'osservatore, con il proprio setting interno, il bam-bino che viene osservato e le funzioni genitoriali in gioco all'interno del campo d'osservazione; a trasformarsi è inoltre la mente gruppale dei colleghi, che accoglie l'esperienza dell'osservatore per rileggerla ed attribuire ad essa nuovi e più estesi signi-ficati. Si palesa come osservare e sentire il bambino nel contesto consenta di prendere coscienza del suo percorso di sviluppo, sperimentandolo dal vivo. La vicinanza a Valeria nel primo anno di vita ha permesso all'osservatrice di assistere al passaggio dai vissuti originari di fragilità e dipendenza dalla madre pur con l'apporto della propria agentività, alla lenta e progressiva strutturazione di un Io ai primordi, garantito dalle relazioni Io-Tu, di pari passo al presentarsi di difese arcaiche. Nel corso dell'Infant Observation la funzione della pelle della piccola e l'integrazione progressiva tra soma, psiche ed affettività sono risultate centrali, anche nel manifestarsi di sintomi di disagio all'interno delle relazioni primarie. È stato possi-bile assistere allo sviluppo sensoriale e motorio-prassico di Valeria, parallelamente a quello verbale ed insieme alla maturazione di capacità cognitive, dell'abilità imitativa e di quella che è parsa una nascente teoria della mente. Sono inoltre comparsi le rou-tine e lo sviluppo sociale. La riflessione sul costrutto dell'attaccamento è stata cruciale in tutto il percorso. Nel complesso, l'articolo mostra come l'Infant Observation comporti un costante lavorio interiore nell'osservatore, una lettura e rilettura degli innumerevoli elementi del campo di osservazione, quali sensazioni, emozioni, pensieri, dubbi, paure, alla ricerca di una trama ed un senso. Un aspetto cardine è quello del pensiero sul "dopo" e sui saluti, ossia la possibilità della separazione dall'altro con buoni pensieri, con la fiducia verso di lui e verso le sue risorse. Una fase di elaborazione del lutto risulta necessaria, fonte anch'essa di profondi insegnamenti e metamorfosi interna.

Objetivo: Analizar si existen diferencias en el nivel de recuperación en las distintas fases del puerperio según el tipo de lesión perineal.Material y método: Estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo, siguiendo los Patrones Funcionales de Salud de Marjory Gordon. La recogida de datos se realiza en tres fases (puerperio inmediato, clínico y tardío), empleando entrevistas semiestructuradas que se completan en un primer momento en una entrevista personal y vía telefónica a los 10 y a los 30 días, respectivamente.Resultados: En España existe un índice de episiotomías, inducciones y partos instrumentales muy superior al recomendado. La técnica de la episiotomía produjo desgarros importantes (16,7%) en este estudio. Durante el puerperio inmediato, las mujeres con episiotomía tienen dificultades en la movilidad (p=0,0005), la eliminación (p=0,007), cuidado del bebé (p=0,015), descanso (p=0,15) y dolor percibido (p=0,005), mientras que en el puerperio clínico están afectados sólo la movilidad (p=0,05), la eliminación (p=0,042) y el dolor percibido (p=0,006). A los 30 días, en el puerperio tardío, no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos. Se necesitan más estudios que reafirmen estos hechos y aporten nuevos conocimientos.Conclusiones: La episiotomía produce más efectos negativos que los desgarros espontáneos en el puerperio inmediato y clínico en la mujer. El dolor que genera esta técnica a corto, medio y largo plazo es el que limita muchas de las actividades cotidianas de estas mujeres. Objective: Analyse if there is any difference in recovery rate according to their puerperium stage depending on perineal lesion.Material and method: Prospective longitudinal descriptive quantitative study, following the Marjory Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns. Data collection will be performed in three phases (immediate, clinical and remote puerperium), through semi-structured interview completed in first instance in a face-to-face interview and phone call interview at 10 and 30 days, respectively. Results: In Spain there is an episiotomy, induction and assisted delivery rate much higher than recommended. Episiotomy technique lead to significant tear (16,7%) in this study. During immediate puerperium, women who were practiced an episiotomy shown mobility difficulties (p=0,0005), elimination (p=0,0007), baby care (p=0,015), rest (p=0,15) and perceived pain (p=0,005), whereas in the clinical puerperium are affected only mobility (p=0,05), elimination (p=0,042) and perceived pain (p=0,006). After 30 days, remote puerperium, there is not statistical significant differences in both groups. More research is needed to confirm these facts as well as provide new knowledge.Conclusions: Episiotomy produce more negative effects than spontaneous tears at the immediate and clinical puerperium of women. Pain produced by this technique as a short, medium and long term limit many daily activities of women.

ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the archetypes active in the hospital delivery. Methods: it’s a descriptive, sociopoetic study, performed in a public institution of Rio de Janeiro city in 2009, with ten puerperal women. Data has been submitted to mulheril/transversal sociopoetic analysis. The project was submitted to Fernandes Figueira Institute Committee of Policy Research and agreed on the opinion nº 0002/09. Results: to stand out two categories: safe childbirth and unsafe childbirth. In the first category it had a predominance of the archetypes personified for the Héstia, Deméter and Perséfone goddesses. In the second, Perséfone, Atenas and Ártemis. In the imaginary of the unsafe childbirth the destructuring aspects of psyche of puerperal women are related with the delay of the childbirth, the pain felt, the loneliness, the resistance to the body requests, the fear and the feeling of impotence. The structuring aspects of psyche had been related to the family presence, to the mother-baby relationship, the religiosity support, the obstetrical nurses’ care, mainly as for individual listening to the stimulation of emotions expression, to the incentive the appropriation of its body and the decrease of rational thought. Conclusion: to extend the look on the women mythical-symbolic dimension on the childbirth, help them to make sense in the childbirth experience, as well as it contributes for a more sensitive and individualized care. Descriptors: obstetrical nursing; body; childbirth, culture. RESUMOObjetivos: identificar os arquétipos ativos no parto hospitalar. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva, sociopoética, realizada numa instituição pública do Rio de Janeiro em 2009, com dez puérperas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise sociopoética mulheril/transversal. O projeto foi aprovado sob o parecer nº 0002/09 pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Resultados: destacam-se duas categorias: parto seguro e parto inseguro. Na primeira categoria houve predominância dos arquétipos personificados pelas deusas Héstia, Deméter e Perséfone. Na segunda, Perséfone, Atenas e Ártemis. No imaginário do parto inseguro os aspectos desestruturantes da psique das puérperas se relacionam com a demora do parto, à dor sentida, à solidão, à resistência às solicitações corporais, ao medo e ao sentimento de impotência. Já os aspectos estruturantes da psique foram relacionados à companhia da família, à relação da mãe-bebê, ao apoio da religiosidade, ao cuidado das enfermeiras obstétricas, principalmente no que se refere à escuta individual ao estímulo da expressão das emoções, ao incentivo à apropriação de seu corpo e à diminuição do pensamento racional. Conclusão: ampliar o olhar sobre a dimensão mítico-simbólica das mulheres sobre o parto auxilia as mesmas a integrar sentido à experiência do parto, bem como contribui para um cuidado mais sensível e individualizado. Descritores: enfermagem obstétrica; corpo; parto normal; cultura. RESUMENObjetivos: identificar los arquetipos activos en el parto en el hospital. Métodos: investigación descriptiva, sócio-poética, realizada en una institución pública de la ciudad del Río de Janeiro en 2009, con diez puérperas. Los datos fuerón sometidos a análisis sócio-poética mulheril/transversal. El proyecto fue presentado a la Comisión de la política de investigación del Instituto Fernandes Figueira y el acuerdo sobre el dictamen nº 0002/09. Resultados: dos categorías son distinguidas: parto seguro y parto inseguro. En la primera categoría hubo el predominio de los arquétipos personificados por las diosas Héstia, Deméter y Perséfone. En la segunda, Perséfone, Atenas y Ártemis. En imaginario del parto inseguro los aspectos desestructurantes del psique de puérperas se relacionan con el retraso del parto, el dolor, la soledad, la resistencia a las peticiones corporales, el miedo y la sensación de impotencia. Ya los aspectos estructurantes del psique fuerón relacionados a la compañía de la familia, la relación madre-bebé, la ayuda de la religiosidad, el cuidado de las enfermeras obstétricas, principalmente con relación a la escucha individual al estímulo de la expresión de las emociones, el incentivo a la apropiación de su cuerpo y la reducción del pensamiento racional. Conclusión: ampliar la visión en la dimensión mítico-simbólica de las mujeres acerca del parto ayuda las mismas para integrar razón a la experiencia del parto, así como contribuyen para un cuidado más sensible e individualizado. Descriptores: enfermería obstétrica, cuerpo; parto, cultura.

Resumen: ¿Se puede llevar un buena vida a partir de una vida mala? A partir de esta pregunta que se hace Butler, tenemos el propósito de reflexionar sobre el caso de César González (ex “pibe chorro” de la villa miseria en Argentina que llega a salir de esa situación y se convierte en escritor y cineasta), a partir del enfoque de capacidades de Martha Nussbaum y la importancia que tiene en la formación humana el cuidado de sí (concepto trabajado por nosotros a partir del último Foucault), la inquietud y el autoconocimiento. Es también una reflexión sobre la importancia de la filosofía ligada al desarrollo humano, al pensamiento crítico y la imaginación creativa y es una reflexión sobre el alcance y la relevancia que tiene la educación y la cultura en la transformación de los sujetos y su vida. Palabras-clave: Vidas precarias. Enfoque de capacidades. Cuidado de sí. César González. The contribution of philosophy and culture to the good life of a precarious body Abstract: Can you left a good life from a bad life? From this question asked by Butler, we have the purpose of reflecting on the case of César Gonzalez ( ex criminal of the misery village in Argentina that comes out of that situation and becomes a writer and filmmaker). Based on Martha Nussbaum's capabilities approach and the importance of caring for oneself in human formation (concept worked by us since the last Foucault), self-care and self-knowledge. It is also a reflection on the importance of philosophy linked to human development, critical thinking and creative imagination and is a reflection on the scope and relevance of education and culture in the transformation of subjects and their lives. Keywords: Precarious lives. Capability Approach. Self of care. César González. A contribuição da filosofia e da cultura para a boa vida de um corpo precário Resumo: Você pode levar uma vida boa no meio de uma vida ruim? A partir desta pergunta feita por Butler, temos o objetivo de refletir sobre o caso de César González (ex-criminoso da vila da miséria na Argentina que sai dessa situação e se torna escritor e cineasta), com base na abordagem As capacidades de Martha Nussbaum e a importância do autocuidado na formação humana (conceito trabalhado por nós desde o último Foucault), inquietação e autoconhecimento. É também uma reflexão sobre a importância da filosofia ligada ao desenvolvimento humano, pensamento crítico e imaginação criativa e uma reflexão sobre o escopo e a relevância da educação e cultura na transformação dos sujeitos e de suas vidas. Palavras-chave: Vidas precárias. Foco nas capacidades. Autocuidado. César González.

<p><strong>Tragédia Maldita </strong></p><p> </p><p>Como uma peça de teatro amaldiçoada,</p><p>Bruxas conspiram aos céus estridentes:</p><p>Profetizam que uma pessoa assassinada</p><p>Dará seu lugar a quem não foi rei antes.</p><p> </p><p>Criados bêbados e supostos responsáveis:</p><p>Sujos de sangue punhais estão com eles;</p><p>Um corpo cortado é destino para os reis,</p><p>No banquete sinistro de todos os males.</p><p> </p><p>Três amanhãs para a sua esposa suicida:</p><p>Atormentado falando só no fim da vida</p><p>Como um tirano de regência ameaçada.</p><p> </p><p>Profecias enfim estão sendo cumpridas:</p><p>O destino não pode mostrar alternativas</p><p>Para aquele cuja cabeça vai ser cortada!</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Jan Clefferson Costa de Freitas – Doutorando em Filosofia: UFPB/UFPE/UFRN</p><p> </p><p><br /> <strong>Cursed Tragedy</strong></p><p> </p><p>Like a cursed theatre piece,</p><p>Witches conspire with the strident sky:</p><p>Predicting that the one murdered</p><p>Would cede to the one yet to be king.</p><p> </p><p>Drunk servants and those held responsible:</p><p>Blood stained daggers in hand;</p><p>A body cut in pieces for the king,</p><p>At the sinister banquet of the bad.</p><p> </p><p>Three mornings ´til the spousal suicide:</p><p>The tormented speaking only at days end</p><p>Like a tyrant whose time is up.</p><p> </p><p>Prophecies are being fulfilled:</p><p>Destiny cannot provide alternatives</p><p>For the head on the chopping block. </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Translated by Jennifer Sarah Cooper, PhD</p><p>Natal, 2017</p>

Reseñas Bibliográficas correspondientes al número 12 de Barataria. Para visualizar/descargar la reseña correspondiente diríjase al apartado texto completo (pdf). ÍNDICE de las reseñas: Autora: S. Giménez Rodríguez, p. 205 Texto: Antonio GUTIÉRREZ RESA y Octavio UÑA JUÁREZ Integración de los inmigrantes a través de los Servicios Sociales municipales en la Comunidad de Madrid Madrid: Editorial UNED. 2010. 166 pp. Autor: R. Pérez Redondo, pp. 205-207 Texto: Álvaro RODRÍGUEZ DÍAZ Los universitarios y el deporte Sevilla: Wanceulen Editorial Deportiva. 2010. 162 pp. Autor: J. C. Correia, pp. 207-208 Ana Lúcia DE CASTRO (coord.) Cultura contemporânea, identidades e sociabilidades. Olhares sobre corpo, mídia e novas tecnologías São Paulo: Editora Unesp. 2010. 216 pp. Autora: M. Velasco Ortega, pp. 208-209 Texto: Kiamvu TAMO Fundamentos da Responsabilidade Social da Empresa (RSE) Luanda (Angola): Capatê Publicaciones. 2009. 178 pp. Autor: T. Gomariz Acuña, pp. 209-210 Texto: Ángel GARCÍA SANTIAGO y Juan Carlos ZUBIETA IRÚN (Dirs.) Los estereotipos nacionales de las poblaciones de los países del Mercosur y de España Santander: Ediciones T.G.D. 2006. 376 pp. Autora: S. Gallego Trijueque, pp. 210-212 José Manuel CANALES ALIENDE Documentos básicos para la modernización y el fortalecimiento de las administraciones públicas en Iberoamérica Alicante: Editorial Club Universitario. 2009. 145 pp. Autor: J. F. Santos Santos, pp. 212-213 Héctor S. MARTÍNEZ SÁNCHEZ-MATEOS La estructura del transporte y sus implicaciones territoriales en Castilla - La Mancha Toledo: Consejo Económico y Social de Castilla-La Mancha. 2010. 408 pp. Autor: S. Donoso García, pp. 213-214 Texto: José Francisco JIMÉNEZ DÍAZ Relatos biográficos de agricultores. Memoria de la revolución agrícola en la costa de Almería y Granada Granada: Editorial Comares. 2010. 231 pp. Autora: M. L. Gallardo García-Saavedra, pp. 214-216 Texto: Mariano J. GARCÍA CONSUEGRA La modernización demográfica de la provincia de Ciudad Real en el siglo XX Ciudad Real: Bam-Biblioteca de Autores Manchegos, Diputación de Ciudad Real. 2010. 271 pp. Autor: J. Rey, pp. 216-218 Texto: Wenceslao J. GONZÁLEZ La predicción científica: concepciones filosófico-metodológicas desde H. Reichenbach a N. Rescher Barcelona: Montesinos. 2010. 339 pp. Autor: E. Díaz Cano, pp. 218-219 Texto: Maximiliano FERNÁNDEZ FERNÁNDEZ Comunicación y reputación en empresas e instituciones Madrid: Universitas. 2011. 472 pp. Autora: P. Madrigal Barrón, pp. 219-220 Texto: Adrián Oswaldo RAVIER La Escuela Austriaca desde adentro. Historias e ideas de sus pensadores Madrid: Unión Editorial. 2011. 444 pp. Autor: R. Pérez Redondo, pp. 220-222 Texto: Francisco Javier NOYA MIRANDA (Aut.), Fernán del VAL RIPOLLÉS y Cristian Martín PÉREZ COLMAN (Coords.) Musyca. Música, sociedad y creatividad artística Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva. 2010. 303 pp. Autor: J. Hormigos, pp. 222-223 Texto: Eduardo DÍAZ CANO Tabula rasa. Ernst Troeltsch y sus escritos iniciales Madrid: Dykinson. 2010. 290 pp. Autor: E. Díaz Cano, pp. 223-224 Texto: Celine-Marie Pascale Cartographies of knowledge: exploring qualitative epistemologies Thousand Oaks, CA.: SAGE Publications. 2011. 195 pp.

RESUMOObjetivo: relatar a experiência do desenvolvimento da oficina “Encontro para gestantes” com usuárias que deram abertura ao pré-natal. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência. Elencaram-se mulheres que davam abertura ao pré-natal. Resultados: reconheceu-se, pelas usuárias participantes, a importância de ter conhecimento sobre os assuntos tratados no encontro para ter maior autonomia sobre o seu corpo nesse período tão intenso, no entanto, relatou-se que, mesmo sabendo sobre coisas tão simples, como o banho no RN, se desconheciam muitos dos ensinamentos passados. Percebeu-se uma desmistificação a respeito do parto natural, além de quanto são simples os cuidados tanto com a saúde da própria gestante, quanto também do RN. Conclusão: despertou-se, pela experiência, para a necessidade de se construírem práticas de trabalho em saúde considerando os anseios da gestante, incentivando para o cuidado de si mesma, do seu bebê e dando enfoque ao aleitamento materno, enaltecendo o empoderamento e a autonomia das mulheres envolvidas. Descritores: Gravidez; Pré-Natal; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Educação em Saúde; Aleitamento Materno; Período Pós-Parto. ABSTRACT Objective: to report the experience of the workshop "Meeting for pregnant women" with users who opened up to prenatal care. Method: it is a descriptive study, of experience report type. It used women who were open to prenatal care. Results: the importance of having knowledge about the subjects treated at the meeting was recognized, by the participating users, in order to have greater autonomy over their body during this intense period; however, it was reported that, even knowing about things as simple as the NB's bath, many of the past teachings were unknown. A demystification regarding the natural childbirth was noticed, in addition to how simple the care for the health of the pregnant woman herself, as well as the NB, is. Conclusion: they were awakened, through experience, to the need to build health work practices considering the expectations of the pregnant woman, encouraging the care for herself, her baby and giving focus to breastfeeding, praising empowerment and autonomy of the women involved. Descriptors: Pregnancy; Prenatal Period; Primary Health Care; Health education; Breastfeeding; Postpartum Period. RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar la experiencia del desarrollo del taller "Encuentro para gestantes" con usuarias que dieron apertura al prenatal. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, tipo relato de experiencia. Se listaron a mujeres que daban apertura al prenatal. Resultados: se reconoció, por las usuarias participantes, la importancia de tener conocimiento sobre los temas tratados en el encuentro para tener mayor autonomía sobre su cuerpo en ese período tan intenso, sin embargo, se relató que, aun sabiendo sobre cosas tan simples, como el baño en el RN, se desconocían muchas de las enseñanzas pasadas. Se percibió una desmistificación respecto al parto natural, además de cuán simples son los cuidados tanto con la salud de la propia gestante, como también del RN. Conclusión: se despertó, por la experiencia, para la necesidad de construir prácticas de trabajo en salud considerando los anhelos de la gestante, incentivando para el cuidado de sí misma, de su bebé y dando enfoque a la lactancia materna, enalteciendo el empoderamiento y la autonomía de las mujeres implicadas. Descritores: Embarazo; Prenatal; Atención Primaria a la Salud; Educación en Salud; Lactancia Materna; Período Postparto.

<strong><strong>Título en ingles: Identification, <em>in vitro</em> establishment and preliminary phytochemical analysis of wild yam (<em>Dioscorea spp</em>.) used for medicinal purposes</strong></strong><p><strong><strong><strong>Título corto: Identificación, establecimiento <em>in vitro </em>y análisis fitoquímico preliminar de especies silvestres de ñame</strong></strong></strong></p><p><strong>Resumen: </strong>Tubérculos del género<em> Dioscorea </em>comercializados con fines medicinales, fueron recolectados con el propósito de lograr su establecimiento a condiciones <em>in vitro. </em>Previamente se lograron identificar taxonómicamente las especies y por medio de análisis fitoquímicos demostrar su potencial farmacéutico. El material recolectado fue identificado como <em>Dioscorea coriacea, D. lehmannii, D. meridensis, D. polygonoides </em>y una especie comestible<em> D. trifida</em>. Tubérculos recolectados de centros de acopio y traídos de campo fueron lavados, desinfectados, asperjados con Ácido Giberélico (AG₃) y sembrados en sustrato BM-2®, en invernadero a 18°C día y 10°C noche. Los tubérculos completos o por secciones fueron almacenados en bolsas herméticas a temperatura ambiente. Posteriormente se desinfectó material vegetal de las especies <em>D. coriacea, D. lehmannii, D. meridensis y D polygonoides, </em>seleccionando explantes de brotes sanos (<em>D. coriacea / </em>laboratorio) para su establecimiento. Se evaluaron tres medios de cultivo para establecimiento, el que presentó los mejores resultados fue Medio Murashige &amp; Skoog (1962) suplementado con BAP 1 mL/L, AG₃ 1 mL/L y Putrescina 2 mL/L. Para la extracción y análisis de metabolitos secundarios se utilizaron tubérculos de <em>D. coriacea, D. lehmannii</em> y <em>D. polygonoides</em>, empleando como solvente de extracción metanol. Se encontró mayor concentración de extracto vegetal en <em>D. coriacea </em>(54%), y mediante cromatografía en capa delgada (CCD), se confirmó la presencia de saponinas, que resultó mayor en comparación con <em>D. polygonoides</em> especie reconocida por su alto contenido de saponinas. Estos resultados permitirán realizar análisis más avanzados de los compuestos presentes y plantear su propagación masiva en condiciones <em>in vitro</em>. </p><p><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> diosgenina, micropropagación, ñame silvestre, cultivo de tejidos vegetales, saponinas, fitoquímica.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Wild tubers of the genus<em> Dioscorea</em> sold for medicinal use were collected for the purpose of achieving its establishment under <em>in vitro</em> conditions. First we taxonomically identified the species and through phytochemical analysis demonstrated pharmaceutical potential. The material collected was identified as <em>Dioscorea coriacea</em>, <em>D. lehmannii</em>, <em>D. meridensis</em>, <em>D. polygonoides</em> and the edible species <em>D. trifida</em>. Tubers collected from wholesale distributors and from the field were washed, disinfected, sprayed with Gibberellic Acid (GA₃) and planted in substrate BM-2®, in a greenhouse at 18 ° C during the day and 10 ° C overnight. Whole tubers or sections thereof were stored in sealed bags at room temperature. Subsequently plant material of the species <em>D. coriacea, D. lehmannii, D. </em>meridensis<em> </em>and<em> D. polygonoides</em> was disinfected and healthy buds (<em>D. coriacea</em> / laboratory) were selected for <em>in vitro</em> establishment. Three different culture media were evaluated for establishment; that which presented the best results was the Murashige &amp; Skoog (1962) medium, supplemented with BAP 1 mL / L, GA₃ 1 mL / L and Putrescin 2 mL / L. For the collection and analysis of secondary metabolites, tubers of <em>D. coriacea</em>, <em>D. lehmannii</em> and <em>D. polygonoides</em> were used, using methanol as the extraction solvent. The highest concentration of plant extract, 54%, was found in<em> D. coriacea</em>, a higher value than that of <em>D. polygonoides, </em>which had been reported previously; the presence of saponins was confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). These results will enable more advanced analysis of the present compounds and enhance their mass propagation under <em>in vitro</em> conditions.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> diosgenin, micropropagation, wild yam, tissue culture, saponins, phitochemistry.</p><p><strong>Recibido: </strong>agosto 20 de 2014<strong> Aprobado: </strong>abril 20 de 2015</p>

I took these pictures while travelling on my motorbike in Southern Italy. Except for the first two (“Caged_N,” a view of Naples from behind the bars of an ancient cloister now hosting one of the city’s universities; and “Ashes,” a view of Naples’ Città della Scienza), they were all taken in the summer. Summer, in fact, is the season during which contrasts and colors are most powerfully sublimated against these lands’ vast horizon, disclosing sceneries made of abandonment, forgetfulness, and stubborn elemental creativity. This is the fate of the South: to be alive in spite of everything, in spite of bad politicians and of colonizations disguised as (short-term) “development” policies. Though, this being alive conveys very much the weight of a problematic life, which is often a struggle against the challenges of space_time_matter. Or, even worse, against the violence of organized crime, as in the case of “Ashes,” given to the flames in 2013 and now slowly resurrecting.Defined by environmental economist Manlio Rossi Doria “la terra dell’osso,” the bone land, the internal territories of the South survive in their elemental combinations, crisscrossed by huge (and often disproportionate) infrastructures that remain often “cathedrals in the desert” (like the majestic Musumeci’s Bridge, portrayed in the picture “Minimo Strutturale”) and by building developments that cover catastrophic events (in this case, the earthquake of 1980) with abstract—and therefore equally catastrophic—solutions (“Piano Regolatore”). In this silent landscape, testimonies from the territory’s “original characters” take not only the shape of abandoned agrarian houses (“Agrarian Reform”), but also that of the surprising inventiveness of ancient ways to create the built environment. This is the case of Basilicata’s historic town Matera (“Matera”), that, from being a site of backwardness and abandonment, has turned today into a UNESCO World Heritage Site and will be the European Capital of Culture in 2019. Resumen Hice estas fotografías mientras viajaba en mi moto por el sur de Italia. Salvo por las dos primeras (“Caged_N,” una vista de Nápoles desde detrás de las rejas de un antiguo claustro que ahora acoge una de las universidades de la ciudad; y “Ashes”, una vista de la Città della Scienza de Nápoles), todas se hicieron en verano. El verano, de hecho, es la estación durante la que los contrastes y los colores se subliman más poderosamente contra el vasto horizonte de estas tierras, revelando paisajes hechos de abandono, olvido, y terca creatividad elemental. Este es el destino del Sur: estar vivo a pesar de todo, a pesar de los malos políticos y de las colonizaciones disfrazadas de políticas de “desarrollo” (a corto plazo). Sin embargo, este estar vivo expresa mucho el peso de una vida problemática, que a menudo es una lucha contra los desafío del espacio_tiempo_materia. O, incluso peor, contra la violencia del crimen organizado, como en el caso de “Ashes,” entregado a las llamas en 2013 y ahora resucitando lentamente. Definida por el economista medioambiental Manlio Rossi Doria como “la terra dell’osso,” la tierra del hueso, los territorios internos del Sur sobreviven en sus combinaciones elementales, entrecruzados por infraestructuras enormes (y a menudo desproporcionadas) que permanecen a menudo “catedrales en el desierto” (como el majestoso puente de Mudumeci, retratado en la imagen “Minimo Strutturale”) y por desarrollos de construcción que cubren sucesos catastróficos (en este caso, el terremoto de 1980) con soluciones abstractas—y por lo tanto igualmente catastróficas—(“Piano Regolatore”). En este paisaje silencioso, los testimonios de los “personajes originales” del territorio toman no sólo la forma de casa agrícolas abandonadas (“Agrarian Reform”), sino también la de la sorprendente inventiva de las formas antiguas de crear el entorno construido. Este es el caso de la histórica ciudad de Basilicata, Matera (“Matera”), que, de ser un lugar de atraso y abandono, se ha convertido hoy en Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO y será la Capital Europea de la Cultura en 2019.

RESUMOEstudo exploratório descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em um Hospital Escola Público Federal de Recife, com o objetivo principal de analisar idéias, crenças e valores que as gestantes têm sobre a sua sexualidade. A população constituiu-se de gestantes atendidas no Pré-Natal da referida instituição e três gestantes que espontaneamente verbalizaram seus sentimentos relacionados com a sexualidade constituíram a amostra. Este estudo teve a aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. As informações foram coletadas por meio de discussão em grupo, utilizando-se um formulário semi-estruturado onde foi utilizada a entrevista não estruturada e a observação participativa após elaborar as seguintes questões norteadoras: Como eu penso a questão do sexo? Que sentimento vem quando estou junto ao meu companheiro? Como eu gestante sinto prazer? Como é a sensação do prazer no meu corpo?. Para a análise das informações foi realizada a transcrição das fitas gravadas, com identificação das participantes pela letra inicial de seus nomes, mantendo sigilo de suas identidades. Foi realizada leitura minuciosa de cada transcrição e identificada as temáticas sexualidade na gestação e sexualidade no puerpério. Ao proceder com a discussão pôde-se observar que os sentimentos das gestantes relacionados com sua sexualidade foram divergentes no que dizem respeito à freqüência das relações sexuais, satisfação pessoal, experiência em gestação anterior, invasão de limites do companheiro, sensações uterinas durante e após coito, sentir parceiro e bebê durante o ato sexual, dentre outros; e semelhantes quando se refere ao medo de machucar o bebê, preocupação com a dor, recusa do homem que leva a insegurança feminina. Esses aspectos podem ser trabalhados pela equipe de saúde em uma consulta pré-natal proporcionando-lhes maior conhecimento tornando possível que a sexualidade no período gestacional e, também puerperal sejam mais saudáveis.Descritores: Sentimentos; Gestantes; Sexualidade. ABSTRACTExploratory and descriptive study, from qualitative boarding, carried through in a Federal Public Hospital School of Recife, with the main objective to analyze ideas, beliefs and values that the pregnants have about their sexuality. The population consisted of pregnants taken care of in the Prenatal of the related institution and three pregnants that spontaneously talking about feelings related with the sexuality had constituted the sample. This study has been approval for the Ethics Committee in Research of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Pernambuco. The information had been collected by means of talking in group, using a half-structuralized form where the interview not structuralized was used and the participative comment, after to elaborate the following questions: How I think the question of the sex? That feeling comes when I am next to my partner? How I pregnant feel pleasure? How is the sensation of the pleasure in my body? For the analysis the recorded transcription was carried through, with participants identification for the initial letter of its names, keeping secrecy of its identities. It was carried through after that, reading minute of each transcription that revealed the thematic: sexuality in the gestation and sexuality in the postpartum. When proceeding with the discussion it has been observed that the pregnants feelings related to its sexuality had been divergent in what they say respect to the frequency of the sexual relations, personal satisfaction, experience in previous gestation, partner’s invasion of limits, uterine sensations during and after coitus, to feel partner and baby during the sexual act, amongst others; and similar when it has been mentioned the fear to hurt the baby, concern with pain, man’s refuses that takes the feminine unreliability. These aspects can be worked by the health team in a prenatal consultation providing bigger knowledge to them becoming possible that the sexuality in pregnancy and also puerperal period is more healthful.Descriptors: Feelings; Pregnant; Sexuality.RESUMENEstudio exploratorio descriptivo, cualitativo, realizado en una Hospital Escuela Público Federal de Recife, con el objetivo principal de analizar ideas, creencias y valores que las embarazadas tienen sobre su sexualidad. La población estuvo representada por las embarazadas atendidas en el prenatal en esta institución, la muestra estuvo constituida por tres gestantes que espontáneamente verbalizaron sus sentimientos en relación con la sexualidad. Este estudio ha sido aprobado en el Comité de Ética en Investigación del Centro de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco, bajo nº del protocolo 004/2001-CEP/CCS. La información había sido recogida por medio de discusión en grupo, usando un cuestionario semi-estructurado, aplicado en entrevista no estructurada y observación participante, después de elaborar las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo pienso la cuestión del sexo? ¿Qué sensación viene cuando estoy al lado de mi compañero? ¿Cómo embarazada siento placer? Cómo es la sensación del placer en mi cuerpo?. Para el análisis de la información fue realizada la transcripción de las entrevistas grabadas, con la identificación de los participantes con la letra inicial de sus nombres, guardando el secreto de sus identidades. Luego fue leída cada transcripción con detenimiento, las temáticas identificadas fueron: sexualidad en la gestación y sexualidad en el puerperio. En la discusión se pudo observar que los sentimientos de las embarazadas relacionados con su sexualidad fueron divergentes en lo que dicen respecto a la frecuencia de las relaciones sexuales, satisfacción personal, experiencia en gestación anterior, invasión de límites del compañero, sensaciones uterinas durante y después del coito, sentir al compañero y al bebé durante el acto sexual, entre otros; y similar cuando se refiere al miedo de golpear al bebé, preocupación con el dolor, rechazo del hombre que lleva a la inseguridad femenina. Esos aspectos pueden ser trabajados por el equipo de salud en una consulta prenatal proporcionándole mayor conocimiento, haciendo posible que la sexualidad en embarazo y también en el puerperal sea más saludable. Descriptores: Sensaciones; Gestantes; Sexualidad.

Há um tema filosófico - iniciado por Rousseau e muito discutido pelos filósofos dos séculos XIX e XX - que pergunta se a cultura é inimiga da vida. A questão acaba parando no pensamento do pai da psicanálise, o qual retoma a interessante oposição entre a biologia e a cultura. Para Freud, o homem aspira à felicidade, obviamente buscando o prazer e fugindo da dor. Na tentativa de fugir dessa dor e alcançar a almejada felicidade, esse homem lança mãos de zilhares de estratégias. Isso explica o sucesso e a fortuna de alguns escritores especializados em confortar e iludir, sem preocupação com o rigor ou a criação literária, as pobres almas humanas ávidas pela tal felicidade. Tal fato igualmente justifica o espaço tomado pelas propostas religiosas e evangélicas, que, de forma semelhante aos tais escritores oportunistas de plantão, faturam como nunca nos nossos e em outros distantes rincões. O refúgio em um mecanismo psicológico de sublimação dos instintos parece encobrir momentaneamente o problema.Procurando refletir sobre a infelicidade humana, o mesmo Freud define, em um primeiro momento, três fontes para as suas causas: o poder da natureza; a decadência de nosso próprio corpo e insuficiência de nossos métodos para regular as relações humanas na família, no estado e na sociedade. Mas o psicanalista acaba por observar que a principal causa da nossa infelicidade e dor não são os fatores naturais nem os fatores externos, e sim aqueles que dependem do tipo de sociedade e cultura que nós mesmos construímos. E aí, seguindo a teoria freudiana, vamos chegar à repressão dos instintos (e tal e coisa), considerados forças antagônicas ao homem, o qual, muitas vezes, biologicamente, deseja a desordem; enquanto os valores que estabelecemos na nossa cultura impedem essa mesma desordem.Os instintos de agressão e autodestruição, carros chefes da desordem, podem decidir a destruição dos valores culturais instituídos. Podem decidir ou já decidiram, caso levemos a sério o que os jornais estampam em seus noticiários, cujas reportagens são a expressão de uma sociopatia capaz de fazer inveja à sociedade das almas inquilinas das trevas. Ideologias, credos, classe e funções sociais encontram, nas noticias desses jornais, forças suficientes para estratificar a sociedade em que vivemos em ruim, numa visão muito otimista, ou muito ruim, numa visada mais realistaEnquanto esperamos o fim do fim, ao que tudo indica ingênua e resignadamente, e esquecemos, momentaneamente, as profecias apocalípticas desse editor, podemos lançar mão dos seguintes meios atenuadores:Primeiro: ouvir a musica “Vilarejo”, cuja letra e refrão transcrevo em parte abaixo, e imaginar-se transportado para o paraíso:Há um vilarejo ali Onde areja um vento bom Na varanda, quem descansa Vê o horizonte deitar no chão Pra acalmar o coração Lá o mundo tem razão Terra de heróis, lares de mãe Paraiso se mudou para lá Por cima das casas, cal Frutos em qualquer quintal Peitos fartos, filhos fortes Sonho semeando o mundo real Toda gente cabe lá Palestina, Shangri-lá ...Lá o tempo espera Lá é primavera Portas e janelas ficam sempre abertas pra sorte entrar E em todas as mesas: pão, flores enfeitando Os caminhos, os vestidos, os destinos E essa canção tem um verdadeiro amor Para quando você for..."Composição: Marisa Monte, Pedro Baby, Carlinhos Brown e Arnaldo Antunes. Segundo: fingir-se turista em sua própria cidade. A gente acaba descobrindo que, quando somos turistas, em qualquer cidade do mundo, fora do Brasil é claro, não nos preocupamos com eleições de políticos corruptos, com máfias seja de onde for, com imundícies e sujeiras de bairro,apesar de sabermos que, também lá, esses problemas existem, em escala infinitamente menor. Não nos esqueçamos, inclusive, do direito de ir e vir, no ar ou na terra, sem correr risco de vida, o que, por aqui, parece que se tornou um luxo.Talvez possamos acrescentar ainda uma opção: indignarmo-nos e agir, seja participando de passeatas, seja organizando abaixo assinados e, principalmente, votando com muito cuidado na próxima eleição (sem esquecer de rezar para que apareça alguém digno de receber os nossos votos, já que, na política esse espécime parece estar em extinção).Espero que a primeira das sugestões nos mostre que, pelo menos no plano imaginário, “o lugar” pode existir; que a segunda sugestão sirva apenas, no plano da meditação, para nos dar a isenção e o equilíbrio necessários a sábias decisões; mas que a última das sugestões possa se incorporar no cotidiano do nosso agir.

<strong>Título en ingles: Obtainment of sugarcane (<em>Saccharum</em> spp. hybrid) biotechnological seed of high genetic and phytosanitary quality in Ecuador </strong><p><strong>Título corto: Semilla biotecnológica de caña de azúcar</strong></p><p><strong>Resumen:</strong>Los métodos de saneamiento de plantas se basan fundamentalmente en el empleo combinado de cultivo <em>in vitro</em> de meristemos con tratamientos mediante hidrotermoterapia. Este trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de obtener plantas para usar como semilla libre de patógenos sistémicos, con énfasis en la enfermedad raquitismo de los retoños de la caña de azúcar (RSD). El trabajo se llevó a cabo con diferentes cultivares de caña de azúcar, los cuales fueron previamente identificados mediante marcadores bioquímicos basados en los patrones electroforéticos de isoenzimas peroxidasas. El saneamiento se realizó en tres etapas sucesivas mediante tratamiento hidrotérmico a 52 ^oC durante 2h y uso del fungicida vitavax, un segundo tratamiento hidrotérmico a los meristemos a 51 ^oC durante 10 min y una tercera etapa donde las vitroplántulas se propagaron en presencia del antibiótico gentamicina. La detección de RSD se efectuó mediante el empleo de la técnica de tinción de haces vasculares funcionales. Los resultados permitieron la creación de un banco de germoplasma de plantas libres de los principales patógenos bacterianos sistémicos y con alta calidad genética, lo que aportó semilla básica de excelente calidad para establecer semilleros. La conservación incluyó el mantenimiento de plántulas <em>in vitro</em> y la creación de un “banco de ADN” que permite conservar el genofondo en condiciones de laboratorio. Se propone finalmente una metodología para la obtención de plantas saneadas a partir de yemas y meristemos.<strong>Palabras clave:</strong> <em>Saccharum</em> spp.; saneamiento; cultivo de yemas; meristemo.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Abreviaturas:</strong> BAP: 6-benzyl-aminopurina; LSD: Escaldadura foliar; RSD: Raquitismo de los retoños; VMCA: Virus del mosaico de la caña de azúcar; THV: tinción de los haces vasculares.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Methods for obtaining healthy plants are mainly based on the combined use of meristem <em>in vitro</em> culture and hydrothermotherapy. This work was carried out in order to obtain free- pathogen plants for using as seeds, emphasizing ratoon stunting disease (RSD) of sugarcane. The work was performed using a group of sugarcane cultivars, which was confirmed the variety identification by means of peroxidases isozymes electrophoretic patterns. Plant sanitation was performed in three successive steps by means of hydrothermal treatment at 52 ^oC during 2h and using the fungicide vitavax, a second hydrothermal treatment at 51 ^oC during 10 min to the meristem and a third step in which vitroplantlets were propagated in presence of the antibiotic gentamicin. RSD detection was done by using the staining transpiration methods (STM) of functional bundles. Results allowed the creation of a germoplasm bank of sugarcane plants free of the most important systemic bacterial pathogens, with high genetic quality, which provided basic seed of excellent quality for establishing seedlings. Conservation included an <em>in vitro</em>-plantlets bank and the creation of a “DNA bank” which allows preserving the genetic fond in laboratory conditions. Finally a methodology for obtaining free-pathogens plants from buds and meristems is included.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> <em>Saccharum</em> spp.; plant sanitation; culture of buds; meristem.</p><p><strong>Recibido:</strong> noviembre 28 de 2014<strong> Aprobado: </strong>abril 24 de 2015</p>

Introdução: a problemática central deste artigo é o cuidado. O cuidado não como expressão única do tecnicismo, mas em suas múltiplas dimensões. Objetivo: discutir o cuidado numa perspectiva ampliada, envolvendo suas expressões subjetivas, espirituais, corporais e ambientais. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as dimensões do cuidado, tendo como base autores da filosofia, sociologia, psicologia e enfermagem. Resultados: as múltiplas dimensões do cuidado foram estruturadas em cinco eixos epistemológicos, quais sejam, cuidar de si, cuidar do outro, cuidar da terra, cuidar da psique e cuidar do espírito. Conclusão: A partir das discussões desta investigação, é perceptível que os indivíduos, em sua magnitude, precisam adquirir uma nova postura diante do cenário atual que o mundo está passando, pois a problemática apontada requer uma visão multidimensional do cuidado.Palavras-chave: cuidado, enfermagem, tecnicismo e multidimensionalidade. Abstract: Introduction: the central proprosition of this article is the care. Care is not a unique expression of technicality, but in its multiple dimensions. Objective: to discuss care in an extended perspective, involving its subjective, spiritual, corporeal and environmental expressions. Methodology: this is a bibliographical review on the dimensions of care, based on authors of philosophy, sociology, psychology and nursing. Results: the multiple dimensions of care were structured in five epistemological axes, namely, caring for oneself, caring for others, caring for the earth, caring for the psyche and caring for the spirit. Conclusion: From the discussions of this research, it is noticeable that individuals, in their magnitude, need to acquire a new posture in view of the current scenario that the world is going through, since the problematic pointed out requires a multidimensional view of care. Keywords: care, nursing, technicality and multidimensionality. REFERÊNCIAS AMORIM, K. P. C. O cuidado de si para o cuidado do outro. Revista Bioethikos. Centro Universitário São Camilo, v. 7, n.4, p.437-441, 2013. Disponível em: <https://www.saocamilosp.br/pdf/bioethikos/155557/a09.pdf>. Acesso em: 17 de dez. 2017. BOFF, L. O cuidado necessário: na vida, na saúde, na educação, na ecologia, na ética e na espiritualidade. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2012. BOFF, L. O cuidado essencial: princípio de um novo ethos. Inclusão Social, Brasília, v. 1, n. 1, p. 28-35, out./mar., 2005. Disponível em: <http://revista.ibict.br/inclusao/article/view/1503/1690>. Acesso em: 16 de dez. 2017. BOFF, L. Saber cuidar: ética do humano - Compaixão pela terra. Ed. Digital Vozes, Petropólis RJ, 2017. Disponível em: <https://books.google.com.br/books?hl=ptBR&lr=&id=q4wwDwAAQ BAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT2&dq=CUIDAR+DO+PLANETA&ots=LitcrVeR 7z&sig=s_CgL8bxR7PEdOcUsEeUXE8ZTic#v=onepage&q=CUIDAR %20DO%20PLANETA&f=false>. Acesso em: 16 dez. 2017. BOFF, L. Não há sustentabilidade sem o cuidado, 2012. Disponível em: <https://leonardoboff.wordpress.com/2012/05/18/nao-hasustentabilidade-sem-o-cuidado/>. Acesso em: 11 dez. 2017. BOFF, L. Ecologia, Mundialização, Espiritualidade. Rio de Janeiro: Record, p. 79, 2008. BOLSONI, B. V. O cuidado de si e o corpo em Michel Foucault: Perspectivas para uma educação corporal não instrumentalizadora. Seminário de Pesquisa em Educação da Região Sul, 2012. Disponível em: <http://www.ucs.br/etc/conferencias/index.php/anpedsul/9anpedsul/p aper/viewFile/1577/920>. Acesso em: 18 dez. 2017.CAMACHO, A. C. L. F.; SANTO, F. H. S. Refletindo sobre o cuidar e o ensinar na enfermagem. Rev. Latino-am. enfermagem. Ribeirão Preto, v. 9, n. 1, p. 13-17, jan. 2001. Disponível em: <http://www.revistas.usp.br/rlae/article/view/1529>. Acesso 11 dez. 2017. CARRILHO, M. R. O cuidado como ser e o cuidado como agir. Scielo Portugal.Vila Franca de Xira, n.21, p.107-114, ISSN 0874-5560, 2010. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?pid=S087455602010000100008&s cript=sci_arttext&tlng=pt>. Acesso em: 19 dez. 2017. CAMARGO, T. D. Educação integral e espiritualidade: os benefícios dessa relação para uma formação integral do ser humano. Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso - Campus Confresa Revista Prática Docente. v.2, n.1, p.97111, jan/jun 2017. Disponível em: <http://periodicos.cfs.ifmt.edu.br/periodicos/index.php/rpd/article/vie w/48/26>. Acesso em: 03 jan. 2018. DORES, A.P. Estigma, intenções e estados de espírito. Sociologia, problemas e práticas, n.86, p.135-152, 2018. Disponível em: <https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Antonio_Dores/publication/321 906587_Estigma_intencoes_e_estados_de_espirito/links/5a38fc48a6fdcc dd41ff016c/Estigma-intencoes-e-estados-de-espirito.pdf>. Acesso em: 09 jan. 2018. FERREIRA, S. I. P.; RIBEIRO, R. C. Uma abordagem ecoteológica de gênesis 1.27 e 2.15: análise acerca da interação entre o ser humano e a criação. Revista Pax Domini, v. 2, p. 146-165, mar. 2017. Disponível em: <http://fbnovas.edu.br/revistas/index.php/pax/article/view/27/70>. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2017. FRIESEN, A. Cuidando do ser: treinamento em aconselhamento pastoral. Edição 3. Rev. Curitiba. Editora Evangélica Esperança, 2012. Disponível em: <https://books.google.com.br/books?hl=ptBR&lr=&id=vuy6DgAAQB AJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT5&dq=cuidar+da+psique&ots=iRvlYhatFJ&sig=2hfvfEJzzDJbOssef-A3p_xKobQ#v=onepage&q=psique&f=false>. Acesso em: 08 jan. 2018.FORTES, P. A. C. et al. Bioética e Saúde global: um diálogo necessário. Rev. Bioét, v.20, n.2, p.219-25, 2012. Disponível em: <http://revistabioetica.cfm.org.br/index.php/revista_bioetica/article/vie w/742/771>. Acesso em: 19 dez 2017. MORIN, E. A cabeça bem-feita: repensar a reforma, reformar o pensamento. 20. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Brasil, 2012. MARZOCHI, S. F. Espaço, tempo e subjetividade na era digital: dilemas da política contemporânea, 2017. Disponível em: <http://www.adaltech.com.br/anais/sociologia2017/resumos/PDFeposter-trab-aceito-0188-1.pdf>. Acesso em: 26 dez. 2017. NASSER, N. A identidade corpo-psique na psicologia analítica. Estudos e pesquisas em psicologia, v. 10, n. 2, 2010. Disponível em: <http://www.epublicacoes.uerj.br/index.php/revispsi/article/view/8957/7430>. Acesso em: 08 jan. 2018. NAVARRO, M. B. M. A. et al. A crise ambiental e a dimensão cognitiva e analítica da biossegurança. Ciências e cognição, v.21, n.1, p.023-032, 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.cienciasecognicao.org/revista/index.php/cec/article/view/ 1040/pdf_69>. Acesso em: 19 dez. 2017. OTTAVIANI, E. Ususpauper e poesia no cuidado com a casa comum. Encontros Teológicos, Florianópolis, v.31, n.3. 2016. PEREIRA, L. H. P. Corpo e psique: da dissociação à unificação — algumas implicações na prática pedagógica. Educação e Pesquisa, São Paulo, v.34, n.1, p. 151-166, 2008. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ep/v34n1/a11v34n1>. Acesso em: 08 jan. 2018.SALDANHA, V. P. Antigos e novos terapeutas: reflexões para a clínica contemporânea. VI Semana de Psicologia Transpessoal: I Colóquio Brasileiro de Psicologia Transpessoal, 2011. Disponível em: <https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/38534656/ANTI GOS_E_NOVOS_TERAPEUTAS__REFLEXOES__PARA_A__CLIN ICA.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1 515415785&Signature=jP3Z%2BgtOE1076kxlxde2cWvs8Qo%3D&resp onsecontentdisposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DVI_Semana_de_Psi cologia_Transpessoal_I_C.pdf>. Acesso em: 08 jan. 2018. SANTOS, F. S.; INCONTRI, D. A arte de cuidar: saúde, espiritualidade e educação. O Mundo da Saúde. São Paulo, v.34, n.4, p.488-497, 2010. Disponível em: <http://www.saocamilosp.br/pdf/mundo_saude/79/488a497.pdf>. Acesso em: 18 dez. 2017. SIMÃO, J. P. S.; SALDANHA, V. Resiliência e Psicologia Transpessoal: fortalecimento de valores, ações e espiritualidade. O mundo da saúde, São Paulo, v. 36, n. 2, p. 291-302, 2012. Disponível em: <http://www.saocamilo-sp.br/pdf/mundo_saude/93/art04.pdf>. Acesso em: 08 jan. 2018. SILVA, J. I. et al. Cuidado, autocuidado e cuidado de si: uma compreensão paradigmática para o cuidado de enfermagem. Revista Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, v. 43, n. 3, p. 697-703, 2009. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reeusp/v43n3/a28v43n3.pdf>. Acesso em: 18 dez. 2017. SILVA, R. M. C. R. A. et al. Cultura, saúde e enfermagem: o saber, o direito e o fazer crítico-humano. Rev. Eletr. Enf, v.10, n.4, p.1165-71, 2008. Disponível em: <https://www.revistas.ufg.br/fen/article/view/46844/22978>. Acesso em: 07 jan. 2018. SIMMEL, G. As grandes cidades e a vida do espírito. Mana, vol.11 no.2 rio de janeiro oct. 2005. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S010493132005000200010 >. Acesso em: 07 jan. 2018. VIEIRA, R. M.; VEIGA, V.; SPOSITO, F. V. Futuro limitado, passado imobilizado. Anais, Curitiba, 2011. Disponível em: <http://www.centroreichiano.com.br/artigos/Anais%202011/VIEIRA, %20Ros%E2ngela%20Mazurok.%20Futuro%20limitado,%20passado%2 0imobilizado..pdf>. Acesso em: 08 jan. 2018. WALDOW, V. R.; BORGES, R. F. Cuidar e humanizar: relações e significados. ACTA Paul Enfermagem. Porto Alegre, v. 24, n. 3, p. 414418, 2011. Disponível em: <http://www2.unifesp.br/acta/pdf/v24/n3/v24n3a17.pdf>. Acesso em: 18 dez. 2017. WALDOW, V. R. Cuidar: expressão humanizadora da enfermagem. Petrópolis (RJ): Vozes; 2006. Disponível em: <>. WANZELER, M. C. O cuidado de si em Michel Foucault. João Pessoa, 2011. Disponível em: <http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br/bitstream/tede/5579/1/arquivototal.pdf >.

El amor místico entre el poeta indio ganador del Premio Nobel Rabindranath Tagore y la gran intelectual argentina Victoria Ocampo ha sido un asunto de profundo interés entre círculos eruditos de todo el mundo desde que se conocieron en San Isidro, Argentina, en 1924. Esta reunión fue accidental: Tagore camino a Perú detenido en Buenos Aires a causa de un mal ataque de Influenza. Aunque Ocampo había desarrollado un profundo interés espiritual en Tagore y su filosofía desde que leyó en 1914 la traducción francesa de André Gide de Gitanjali, del libro de poesía de Tagore, premiado con el Nobel, difícilmente podía imaginarse que alguna vez tendría la oportunidad de encontrarse personalmente con su ídolo de adoración. Como los médicos argentinos le recomendaron a Tagore un completo descanso hasta su total recuperación, Ocampo se ofreció a recibirlo junto con su secretario honorario Leonard Elmhirst en Villa Miralrio en San Isidro. Aquí Tagore fue retenido durante dos meses (noviembre-diciembre de 1924) en el curso del cual se desarrolló la estrecha relación entre Tagore y Ocampo. Podrían reunirse una vez más por un corto tiempo en París, pero la relación continuó a través de la correspondencia regular hasta la desaparición de Tagore en 1941. Varios autores que escribieron libros o artículos, sobre la relación entre Tagore y Ocampo han considerado la relación desde varios ángulos, pero la mayoría de ellos no han captado la quintaesencia de la relación ya que han pasado por alto las alturas intelectuales y las inclinaciones espirituales de Tagore y Ocampo. Por lo tanto, han considerado el asunto desde el punto de vista de la relación amorosa entre el hombre y la mujer ordinarios. Una visión más profunda, sin embargo, resaltaría el hecho de que, debido a sus alturas intelectuales, su cosmopolita perspectiva mundial y sus inclinaciones espirituales, la relación entre Tagore y Ocampo trascendió a un plano espiritual extraterrenal. De hecho, no se puede negar que la relación tenía un factor subterráneo vinculante de pasión freudiana entre el hombre y la mujer, pero al mismo tiempo, debido a las alturas intelectuales y la profundidad de su proceso de pensamiento, ascendió a un plano superior y asumió dimensiones surrealistas estimulando a cada uno a actividades intelectuales excesivamente entusiastas. Este artículo se esfuerza por aventurarse en este aspecto místico y surrealista del amor entre Tagore y Ocampo, que hasta ahora no ha sido explorado completamente.AbstractThe mystic love between the Indian Nobel Laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore and the great Argentine intellectual Victoria Ocampo has been a matter of deep interest among erudite circles all over the world ever since they happened to meet in San Isidro, Argentina in 1924. This meeting was a chance incident – Tagore on way to Peru being held up at Buenos Aires on account of a bad Influenza attack. Although Ocampo had developed a deep spiritual interest in Tagore and his philosophy since she had read in 1914 Andre Gide’s French translation of Gitanjali, the Nobel awarded book of poetry by Tagore, she could hardly imagine that she would ever have any opportunity to meet in real life Tagore, her idol of worship.As the Argentine physicians advised Tagore full rest till complete recovery, Ocampo prompted to host him along with his honourary secretary Leonard Elmhirst at Villa Miralrio at San Isidro. Here Tagore was held up for two months (November-December, 1924) in course of which the close relation between Tagore and Ocampo developed. They could meet only once more for a short time in Paris, but the relation continued through regular correspondence till Tagore’s demise in 1941.Various authors writing books or articles on the relation between Tagore and Ocampo have looked upon the relation from various angles, but most of them have failed to grasp the quintessence of the relation as they have overlooked the intellectual heights and spiritual inclinations of Tagore and Ocampo. Therefore, they have looked upon the matter from the standpoint of amorous relation between ordinary male and female. A deeper insight, however, would bring to the fore the fact that, because of their intellectual heights, cosmopolitan world outlook and spiritual inclinations, the relation between Tagore and Ocampo transcended to an extra-mundane spiritual plane. In fact, it cannot be denied that the relation had subterranean binding factor of Freudian passion between man and woman, but at the same time, because of the intellectual heights and depth of their thought process, it ascended to a higher plane and assumed surrealistic dimensions spurring each to over-enthusiastic intellectual activities.This article endeavours to venture into this mystic and surrealistic aspect of love between Tagore and Ocampo, which has not hitherto been explored fully.

LABURPENA: 2004ko urteak inflexio-puntua markatu zuen Ipar Euskal Herrian landu eta ondoren ezarritako hizkuntza politikan; batez ere, Hizkuntza Politikarako Obragintza Publikoa Euskararen Erakunde Publiko (EEP) bilakatzearen ondorioz. Aldaketa horrek botere publikoen borondatea erakusten du, toki-gobernamenduan eskema klasikoago batera itzultzeko —alde batetik, administrazio publikoak, eta bestetik, elkarte-eragileak, aholku-batzorde batean bilduta—, bai eta haien asmo bat ere: euskara berpiztearen aldeko politika publiko handinahiago bat aurrera eramatea. Entitate berri horrek, interes publikoko elkargoaren forma juridikoa hartu baitu, misio edo eginkizun bikoitza du: euskararen aldeko hizkuntza politika publikoa eta hitzartua asmatzea, definitzea eta obratzea; eta behar diren finantza baliabideak bermatzea, bere egitasmoan ezarri dituen ekintzak edo obralari batzuekin hitzartu dituenak gauzatzeko. Euskararen Erakunde Publikoa da bere baitan diren erakundeen aginduz euskara berpizteko politika prestatzeko ardura duena. Lan horren ondorioz, 2006an, Hizkuntza Politika Proiektu bat sortu zen, epe labur eta ertaineko orientazioak eta helburuak finkatzen zituena, hala nola, jarraitu beharreko estrategia, eta programa operatibo bat, haiek lortzeko bidea zabalduko zuena, ahaztu gabe, jakina, jarraipen-adierazle batzuk, ebaluazioa errazte aldera. Politika horri ministerioarteko ebaluazio bikoitza egin zaio, zeinak ondorio hauek atera dituen, besteak beste: Euskararen Erakunde Publikoak esku-hartzeko duen gaitasuna areagotua, Eusko Jaurlaritzarekin lankidetza indartua, aurrerapen nabarmenak hezkuntzaren bidezko euskararen transmisioan, euskarazko baliabideen hobekuntza, eta Aholku Batzordeak ez duela bere tokia aurkitu. ABSTRACT: 2004 is a turning point in the linguistic policy elaborated and thereafter implemented in northern Basque Country, particularly because of the transformation of the Direction for the Public Works into the Public Office for the Basque Language. That change gives an account of the willingness of public authorities to go back to a classic scheme in the local governance with, on the one hand, public administrations and, on the other hand, associative actors gathered at the Advisory Board, and their wish to carry out a more ambitious public policy for the revitalization of Basque. This new entity, which acts as a public interest group, is equipped with a twofold function: to design, define and initiate a linguistic policy for the Basque; and to mobilize the necessary financial resources for its implementation. The elaboration of a policy for the linguistic revitalization was commissioned by its member institutions to the Public Office for the Basque Language. This effort results, in December 2006, in the drafting of a Project for a Linguistic policy that sets out the main guidelines and objectives to be achieved in the short and medium term together with the strategy to follow and an operative program to be applied in order to attain them; without neglecting some monitoring indicators in order to facilitate assessment. This policy has undergone a double interdepartmental assessment which concludes among others the increasing of the intervention ability by the Public Office for the Basque Language, an enhanced cooperation with the Basque Government, significant advances in the transmission of Basque by means of education, an improvement in euskera resources, but also an Advisory Board which has not found its rightful place yet. RESUMEN: El año 2004 marca un punto de inflexión en la política lingüística elaborada y posteriormente implementada en el País Vasco norte, en particular como consecuencia de la transformación de la Dirección de la Obra Pública en la Oficina Pública de la Lengua Vasca (OPLV). Ese cambio da cuenta de la voluntad de los poderes públicos de volver a un esquema más clásico en la gobernanza local, con, por un lado, las administraciones públicas, y, por otro, los actores asociativos reunidos en un Comité Consultivo, y de su deseo de llevar a cabo una política pública más ambiciosa a favor de la revitalización de la lengua vasca. Esta nueva entidad, que toma la forma jurídica de una Agrupación de Interés Público, es dotada de una doble misión: concebir, definir y poner en marcha una política lingüística a favor de la lengua vasca; y, movilizar los recursos financieros necesarios a su implementación. La OPLV es encargada por las instituciones que la componen de elaborar una política de revitalización lingüística. Esa labor desemboca, en diciembre de 2006, en la confección de un Proyecto de Política Lingüística que fija las grandes orientaciones y los objetivos a alcanzar a corto y medio plazo, así como la estrategia a seguir y un programa operativo a aplicar que permita alcanzarlos; sin omitir unos indicadores de seguimiento que faciliten su evaluación. Esta política ha sido objeto de una doble evaluación interministerial, que concluye, entre otros, a un incremento de la capacidad de intervención de la OPLV, a una cooperación reforzada con el Gobierno Vasco, a unos avances significativos en la transmisión de la lengua vasca a través de la enseñanza, a una mejora en los recursos en euskera, pero también, a un Comité Consultivo que no ha conseguido encontrar su lugar.

Halfway between psychoanalysis and musicology, Rosolato's essay studies voice with reference to the importance taken in the opera, and starting from its genesis: the first sounds perceived by a baby and the shout as the first expression of voice’s power. «In the opera, the shout, explosion of passion, is used for a coarse and extraordinary communication, being the extreme overflowing of the voice». From the baby «shocked by the loneliness of his cradle, thanks to his vocal plays» to the genial composer prey to «musical hallucinations», this exploration of the voice winds between body and language.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa de iluminação fenomenológica fundamentada no pensamento de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, que tem como objetivo compreender a percepção do corpo obeso sobre si. Foram realizadas 10 entrevistas gravadas no período de 20 de janeiro a 20 de fevereiro de 2003, com clientes obesos em acompanhamento no ambulatório de nutrição de um hospital escola de grande porte da cidade de Curitiba. A análise dos discursos se deu mediante três momentos: a descrição, a redução e a compreensão fenomenológica, o que permitiu a identificação de uma unidade temática que foi subjetivamente categorizada em: “a alteração da imagem corporal aflorando sentimentos de tristeza e o isolamento”. Constatou-se que os mecanismos de defesa do ego, negação do corpo e o isolamento são comportamentos freqüentes e associados à baixa auto estima nos corpos obesos. Estes mecanismos, relativamente inconscientes, envolvem um grau de autodecepção e distorção da realidade podendo constituir em respostas mal adaptadas ao estresse; a alteração da imagem corporal associada à baixa auto-estima nos corpos obesos são comportamentos que têm como significado a insatisfação consigo mesmo. Evidenciou-se que a sociedade ao impor padrões estéticos de “beleza magra”, ao mesmo tempo em que exclui o corpo obeso do seu meio, suscita sentimentos de desprezo e menos valia em relação a ele próprio.The Obese Body and Self PerceptionAbstractThis is a phenomenological enlightenment research grew in Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s fought, which objective is to comprehend the obese body perception about himself. There were realized 10 recorded interviews from January 20th to February 20th/2003 with obese clients in attendance at the nutritional clinic of a big teaching hospital in the city of Curitiba. The speeches’ analysis happened by the three moments the description, the reduction and the phenomenological comprehension, what permitted the identification of a thematic unit which was subjectively classified as “the body image alteration bringing sadness feeling and the isolation”. Was evidenced that the self protection mechanisms, body denial and the isolation are frequent behaviors and they are aligned to the low self steam in the obese bodies. These mechanisms are relatively unconscious, wrapping up self deception and reality alteration, maybe constitute bad adapted answers to the stress. The body image alteration added to low self steam in the obese bodies are behaviors which mean dissatisfaction to themselves. Was evidenced that the society, by determining the beauty standards of “skinny – beauty”, at the same time that excludes the obese bodies form his environment, provokes disdain feelings and worthiness related to themselves.

<p><em>Azadirachta indica</em>, es una planta con múltiples aplicaciones tanto forestal como farmacológica. Por ende, el establecimiento del sistema de cultivo <em>in vitro</em> por embriogénesis somática ofrece diversas y variadas ventajas, tales como obtener plantas altamente productivas en metabolitos. En este estudio, se utilizaron secciones foliares y cotiledonares, inducidas en medios MS (1962) suplementados con: BAP sólo y combinado con ANA/2,4-D, TDZ sólo y con ABA. La regeneración fue con MS sólo o con K + AIA y BAP + AIA. Como resultado se estableció un sistema eficiente con secciones de cotiledones, observándose organogénesis a bajas concentraciones de BAP, mientras a altos niveles de BAP (2,5 mg.L^-1), así como con TDZ + ABA (0,02 + 1mg.L^-1) respectivamente favorecieron la embriogénesis somática primaria y secundaria en un 96 % y 71 % respectivamente. La regeneración fue 71 % con MS, mientras que el enraizamiento fue de 86,67 % con MS½, obteniéndose plantas completas a corto plazo. </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><em>Azadirachta indica</em>, is a plant with multiple forest and pharmacological application. Therefore, the establishment of <em>in vitro</em> culture system for somatic embryogenesis offers several distinct advantages such as obtaining highly productive plant metabolites. In this study, were used sections cotyledon and leaf, induced on MS medium (1962) supplemented with: BAP alone and combined with NAA / 2,4-D, TDZ alone and ABA. Regeneration was with MS alone or with K + BAP + IAA and IAA. As a result was established an efficient system with cotyledon sections, being observed organogenesis at low concentrations of BAP, while high levels of BAP (2.5 mg.L^-1) with 96 % and TDZ + ABA (0.02 + 1mg.L^-1) with 71 %, favoring the primary and secondary somatic embryogenesis. Regeneration was 71 % with MS; rooting was 86.67 % with MS½, presenting whole plants obtained short term.</p><p><strong>RESUMO</strong></p><p><em>Azadirachta indica, </em>é uma planta com várias aplicaçãos florestas e farmacológicas. Por conseguinte, a criação de sistema de cultur<em>a in vitro </em>para a embriogénese somática apresenta várias vantagens, tais como a obtenção de plantas altamente produtivas de metabolitos. Neste estudo, as seções de cotilédones e folhas, induzidas em meios suplementado en MS (1962) con: BAP sozinho e combinado com ANA / 2,4-D, TDZ e ABA sozinho. A regeneração foi apenas com MS ou com K + BAP + IAA e IAA. Como resultado, foi eficiente con seções cotiledones, observados organogênese em baixas concentrações de BAP, en quanto altos níveis de BAP (2,5 mg L-1) e com TDZ + ABA (0,02 + 1mg.L-1) favoreceu a embriogênese somática primária e secundária até 96 % e 71%, respectivamente. Regeneração estava com MS 71 %, en quanto que o enraizamento foi de 86,67 %, com ½ MS produzindo plantas inteiras curto prazo.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p> </p>

An emerging consensus in certain legal, business, and scholarly communities maintains that corporate managers are pressured unduly into chasing short-term gains at the expense of superior long-term prospects. The forces inducing manage- rial myopia are easy to spot, typically embodied by activist hedge funds and Wall Street gadflies with outsized appetites for current quarterly earnings. Warnings about the dangers of “short termism” have become so well established, in fact, that they are now driving changes to mainstream practice as courts, regulators and practitioners fashion legal and transactional constraints designed to insulate firms and managers from the influence of investor short-termism. This Article draws on ac- ademic research and a series of case studies to advance the the- sis that the emergent folk wisdom about short-termism is in- complete. A growing literature in behavioral finance and psychology now provides sound reasons to conclude that corpo- rate managers often fall prey to long-term bias—excessive op- timism about their own long-term projects. We illustrate sev- eral plausible instantiations of such biases using case studies from three prominent companies where managers have argua- bly succumbed to a form of “long-termism” in their own corpo- rate stewardship. Unchecked, long-termism can impose sub- stantial costs on investors that are every bit as damaging as short-termism. Moreover, we argue that long-term managerial bias sheds considerable light on the paradox of why short- termism evidently persists among supposedly sophisticated fi- nancial market participants: shareholder activism—even if unambiguously myopic—can provide a symbiotic counter-bal- last against managerial long-termism. Without a more defini- tive understanding of the interaction between short- and long- term biases, then, policymakers should be cautious about em- bracing reforms that focus solely on half of the problem.

PurposeThis paper looks at police brutalities in Italy. In particular, the discussion focusses on the case of the death of Riccardo Magherini, who was stopped by the Corpo dei Carabinieri (CC), a branch of the Italian Army operating as a police force, on the 3rd of March 2014. The paper focusses on the way the police agents involved in the Magherini trial, both witnesses and defendants, made sense of the case. Their answers to the questions put to them by case lawyers or judges during the first trial in February 2016 will be closely examined.Design/methodology/approachDiscussion of the case will rely on material drawn from court files. The Carabinieris internal reports on the incident and the court transcription of the agents questioning will form the basis for an ethnographic analysis of the case. The author will then use the case analysis as the starting point for a broader discussion on police culture. While ethnography generally consists of direct on-the-ground participant observation Geertz 1992, the author’s methodology of using legal transcripts and reports can nevertheless be considered ethnographical. .FindingsDiscussion will consider the importance of an ethical element to the internal culture of the Italian police forces which influences their street practice. Italian police have an ethical approach in that they believe their role is to be able separate good from bad and protect society from the bad. Moreover they have operated within a context of impunity which has produced over time a critical threshold according to which specific individuals and groups deemed as dangerous classes are considered outside the realm of normal civilised society and as such can be treated differently in contemporary Italy.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper relates to two distinct elements. The first one concerns the context analysed, as the peculiarities of the Italian police are hardly known to the larger international public. The second aspect relates to the specificity of a case. Magherini was not a marginal person, he was an Italian citizen, but he suffered from a brutality that caused his death. The dynamics of this outcome will be closely analysed.

La chirugia, per sua natura, pone imperativi etici da seguire. La violazione dell’integrità del corpo che tutti gli interventi chirugici comportano viola palesemente il primo “comandamento” cui il medico deve da sempre obbedire: primum non nocere. I chirurghi vivono e praticano una forma di etica clinica applicata nel loro lavoro quotidiano. La necessità di svelare e superare i conflitti etici in chirurgia è stata pienamente riconosciuta solo di recente. Solo alcuni decenni fa il chirugo sceglieva cosa fosse meglio per il paziente il quale aveva poche possibilità di discutere le scelte che venivano in genere accettate e solo raramente poi contestate legalmente. Le cose sono rapidamente cambiate. Lo sviluppo delle nuove tecnologie e il grande progresso delle tecniche anestesiologiche e della terapia intensiva permettono oggi di effettuare interventi chirurgici sempre più complessi e arditi. Sfortunatamente la relazione personale di fiducia tra chirurgo e paziente spesso non è così forte come in passato. Il cambiamento dell’organizzazione del lavoro in ospedale costringe oggi i chirurghi a visitare troppi pazienti e a fare troppi interventi riducendo il tempo disponibile a costruire un solido rapporto personale e di fiducia con il paziente. L’etica in chirugia ha svelato che i chirughi hanno diversi ruoli professionali che possono generare conflitti etici: clinici, ricercatori, leaders di un team, insegnanti, consulenti in politica sanitaria, responsabili di risorse umane e tecnologiche preziose. La complessità di questi ruoli e i possibili conflitti che possono sorgere richiedono la capacità di riconoscere i potenziali problemi etici come: informare pazienti e familiari per permettere una scelta consapevole nel processo di consenso informato, comunicare cattive notizie e prognosi, dare indicazione a interventi palliativi, affrontare le complicanze chirugiche e gli interventi ad alto rischio, modificare tecniche chirurgiche e procedure durante l’intervento per variazioni anatomiche o situazioni patologiche non previste, introdurre nuove tecniche chirurgiche o nuovi strumenti. Nuovi dilemmi etici sorgono nella chirugia dei trapianti, nella ricerca, nello sviluppo di nuove tecniche chirugiche, nella formazione dei giovani chirurghi, nelle scelte di politica sanitaria e nell’allocazione delle limitate risorse disponibili. La consulenza etica al letto del paziente può essere perciò utile a svelare e superare I complessi problemi etici che i chirughi devono affrontare. L’insegnmento dell’etica dovrebbe essere formalmente parte del corso di studi in medicina e nella specializzazione in chirurgia. Una chirugia altamentre qualificata richiede l’applicazione delle migliori conoscenze cliniche, scientifiche, tecniche ed etiche. ---------- Clinical ethics is embedded in the practice of surgery. Surgeons live and practice a form of applied surgical ethics in their daily activity. The need to unravel and overcome ethical challenges in surgery has been fully recognized only recently. Few decades ago the patients were told what the surgeons considered best for them and despite little discussion was possible very few patients refused operation and sued. Things have changed rapidly. The development of amazing new technologies and the great progress of anaesthesia and intensive care have allowed surgeons to do more for patients than ever before. Unfortunately personal and trusting relationship with patients are often not as strong as they were in the past. Hospital organization has changed and surgeons now have to visit too many patients, to perform too many operations and do not have enough time to establish a close relationship with their patients. Surgical ethics has emphasized that surgeons have many professional roles: clinicians, researchers, team leaders, teachers, consultant or active policy makers, responsible for the use of expensive and precious human and technologic resources. The complexity of these roles and the potential conflicts that can arise demand the surgeons to become skilled in unravelling ethical challenges. Ethical challenges in surgery include helping patients and family to make informed choices and give an informed consent, communicating bad news, deciding on palliative operations, dealing with surgical complications and life threatening operations, changing procedures during surgery for unexpected anatomical or pathological findings, introducing new surgical techinques and new technologies and more. New ethical dilemmas also arise in transplant surgery, in research activities, in the development of new operations, in the training of the new generation of surgeons and in healthcare policy choices and the allocation of the limited available resources. Bedside ethics consultation in surgery is often useful in unravelling the complex ethical challenges that surgeons have to face. The formal teaching of ethics should be part of medical and surgical training. Good clinical surgery requires the best use of clinical, scientific, technical and ethical skills.

Os seguintes aspectos foram tratados sobre a estrutura populacional do siri azul Callinectes danae da Lagoa da Conceição, SC e área costeira (27°30’30”- 27°37’l5” S e 48°00’00”-48°31'0”W: proporção de sexos, composição de tamanho, flutuação da abundância, distribuição espacial e relação peso/largura da carapaça. Coletas noturnas mensais de janeiro/8S a julho/89 em 10 pontos de coleta resultaram na captura de 613 machos e 511 fêmeas, dos quais foram obtidos dados morfométricos e peso do corpo. A temperatura da água de superfïcie variou de 12,3°C (junho) a 27,8°C (janeiro) e a salinidade média de 26,0 °/oo (fevereiro) a 35,5 °/oo (março), valores típicos de estuários de clima mesotérmico úmido. Os juvenis com 68,15 % predominaram sobre os adultos com 31,85 % . Com exceção de quatro meses, a proporção de sexos foi de 1:1 no decorrer do estudo. A amplitude de variação da largura da carapaça foi de 1,5 a 13,5 cm entre os machos e de 2,0 a 11, cm entre as fêmeas, Maior número de classes de largura da carapaça e maior abundância da população foram observados no subsistema Central, seguido do Sul e Norte; uma relação direta com a proximidade do mar. A forte predominância de fêmeas ovígeras na área costeira indica-a como rota de migração daquelas para o mar, Houve dois picos de abundância no período (fevereiro e setembro) representados pela maior porcentagem de juvenis. A expressão da relação entre o peso do corpo e a largura da carapaça foi de wl= 0,0715, wid 2,91 para machos e wt= 0,0739 . wid 2,8994 para fêmeas, valores próximos aos de C. danae do Rio Itiberê na Baía de Paranaguá. Abstract The following aspects of population strulucture were carried out about Callinectes danae of Conceição Lagoon and seashore area, SC (27°30’30”-27°37'15" S and 48°00’00”-48°30'0"W): sex ratio, size, oviposition, fluctuation of abundance, spacial distribution and body weight/carapace width relationship. A total of 613 males and 511 females were caught at night, monthly, from January 1988 to July 1989 at 10 collection sites. Meristic date and body weíght of all crabs were obtained. The surface water temperature oscillated between 12.3°C (June) to 27.8°C (January) and the mean salinity ranged from 26.0 °/oo (February) to 35.5 °/oo (March), which are typical values for estuaries with mesothermic-humid climate. The juveniles (68.15 %) predominated over adults (31,85 %). The sex ratio was 1:1, except in four months. The width variation of the carapace ranged from 1.5 to 13.5 cm in the males and 2.0 to 11.5 cm in the females. Higher number of carapace width classes and higher populalion abundance were observed in the Central subsystem, followed by South and North: a direct relationship with the sea nearness. The strong predominance of ovigerous females in the seashore area indicates it as migration route of those crabs to the sea. There were two abundance peaks in the study period (February and Septetuber) due lo higher percentage of juveniles. The body weight/carapace width relationship was wt 0.0715, wid 2.9153 to males and wl = 0.0739 . wid 2.8994 to females, values which were near to C.danae of the ltiberê River, Paranaguá Bay. Résumé Les suivants sujets ont été abordés sur la structure de la population de crabes bleus Callinectes danae de la Lagoa da Conceição. SC, et surface côtière (27°30’30”-27°37’15” S et 48°0'0"- 48°30’0” W): proportion de sexes, composilion de tailie, fluctuation d’abondance, distribution spatiale et relation poid/largeur de carapace. À d’échantillonages nocturnes mensuels entre juin de 1988 et juillet de 1989 en dix différent points, ont été capturés 613 mâles et 511 femelles, desqueles on a obtenu des données morphométriques et poid du corps. La temperature de l’eau superficielle a eu une variation entre 12,3°C (juin) et 27,8°C (janvier), et la salinité rnoyenne entre 26,0 °/oo (février) et 35,5 °/oo (mars), qui sont des valeurs typiques d’ástuaires de climat mésothermique humide. Les jeunes ont prédoniiné sur les adultes avec 68,15 % contre 31,85 %, A l’exception de quatre mois, la proportion de sexes a été de 1:1 pendant le développement de cet étude. L’amplitude de variation de largeur de carapace a été de 1,5 à 13,5 cm entre les mâles et de 2,0 à 11,5 cm entre les femelles. Le plus grand nombre de classes de largeur de la carapace et la plus grande abondance de la population on été observés dans le subsystème Central, en se suivant le Sud et le Nord respectivement; une relation directe avec la proximté de la mer. Il y a eu deux pics d’abondance pendant la période d’études (février et septembre) représentés par le plus grand pourcentage de jeunes. L’expression de la relation entre le poid du corps et la largeur de la carapace a été de wt=0,0715 , wid 2,9153 pour les mâles ei wt 0,0739. wid 2,8994 pour les femelles, valeurs proches à celles de Callinectes danae du fleuve Itiberê la baie de Paranaguá.

Introducción: Un factor personal relacionado con la actividad física es el género. Es relevante comprender al respecto los factores que influyen en los niveles de actividad física en un grupo de mujeres. Objetivo: Identificar los factores que determinan los niveles de actividad física en mujeres adultas de Barranquilla. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 1067 mujeres entre 18 y 65 años de edad, mediante un muestreo probabilístico y multietápico. La actividad física se evaluó a través del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ), formato corto. Con el paquete estadístico SPSS, se definieron las frecuencias de las variables estudiadas y su relación a través de la prueba chi2 y el OR como indicador de riesgo. Resultados: el 61,7% de las mujeres declaró ser activa físicamente. Se encontró un mayor riesgo de no realización de actividad física en el grupo de mujeres casadas o en unión libre [OR 1,4 IC 95% (1,1-1,9)], en las que presentan un nivel de escolaridad ninguno o primaria incompleta, primaria completa o secundaria completa o incompleta [OR 1,6 IC 95% (1,2-2,1)], las que se ubican en las etapas de precontemplación, contemplación, preparación y recaída [OR 2,6 IC 95% (1,9-3,5)], y en aquellas que perciben su salud como mala y regular [OR 1,5 IC 95% (1,1-2)]. Conclusiones: La actividad física en las mujeres de Barranquilla está relacionada con el rango de edad, el estado civil, el nivel educativo y la localidad donde residen. Asimismo, la falta de voluntad para realizar actividad física, las etapas de cambio y la autopercepción de salud están relacionadas con el hecho de ser activas e inactivas físicamente.ABSTRACTIntroduction: The genre is a personal factor related to physical activity. It To understand the factors that influence the levels of physical activity in a group of women would be relevant. Objective: To identify factors that determine the levels of physical activity in adult women from Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: 1067 women between 18 and 65 years of age were sampled in a transversal and descriptive. Physical activity was assessed through the International Questionnaire on Physical activity (IPAQ), short form. By means of the statistical bundle SPSS there were defined the frequencies of the studied variables and its relation using the test chi2 and the OR as risk indicators. Results: 61,7% is physical active. A risk of not doing physical activity in group of married women or in a living together type relationship was found [OR 1,4 IC 95% (1,1-1,9)], in those that are in school , or contemplating enrolling in or returning to some sort of educational institution [OR 2,6 IC 95% (1,9-3,5)], and in those that have a certain level of schooling, none or incomplete primary or completed, or completed secondary or incompleted [OR 1,6 IC 95% (1,2-2,1)], [OR 2,6 IC 95% (1,9-3,5)], and in those that perceive his health as bad and regular [OR 1,5 IC 95% (1,1-2). Conclusions: Physical activity in women of Barranquilla is related to the age status, marital status, educational level and locality. Likewise, the barrier the lack of will power to cattery out a physical activity as well as a stage of change and their perception of good health are factors in determining whether to be active or inactive.

In the mass media, the primacy of ever more intimate perspectives on violent confrontation, which has long been a staple of journalistic profit and practice, has undergone a crucial transformation over the last century. From an overt eagerness to take an active role in the experience of war to a coy, self-promoting emphasis on the risks of the trade, the representation of violent subjects has consistently been filtered through reportorial, yet tremendous change has befallen the role of professional interlocutors in the serving up the experience of war and violent conflict for domestic consumption. The triumph of a technologised perspective has eclipsed journalistic agency, collapsing the distinction between the pen and the sword in a way that reporters, for all their efforts to command the prestige of each, could never achieve. The focus on the fight, narrowed to the point of impact, strips away orienting discourses to produce a dehumanised perspective that is, if no more or less violent in its own right, unquestioning in its pursuit of the vivid sensation violence provides. In this essay, I hope to illuminate some of the relationships between pen and sword that have evolved from the time of my own historical period of specialisation, the Cuban-Spanish-American and Philippine-American wars, to the unfortunate juncture at which we find ourselves a century later. I will begin, however, in the middle, for it is in my own experience of looking for a fight, finding and reporting on it, and then, later, as a historian, reflecting upon the phenomenon in historical comparison with previous correspondents, that I arrived at the conclusions presented here. My work as a “front-line” correspondent took place in environments largely lacking front lines or sophisticated machinery. From skulking about in back alleys to avoid Duvalier’s secret police in Haiti, I had graduated to the “low intensity conflict” of the Philippines. Sporadic and isolated though such violence might be, it was nonetheless my mission to seek it out and capitalise upon it. I felt long past appreciating the news value of being in the line of fire, however, I was soon speeding madly from the scene of my first at-risk gunplay, on February 7, 1986, the day of the Marcos-Aquino election, prelude to the People Power revolution later that month. That violence begets violence, incidental and otherwise, was being made all too clear: as I listened to the thumps representing the likely ends of roadside dogs and cats unfortunate enough to be in the way of the speeding getaway car driven by my Filipino oppositionist hosts, I noted that my ostensibly peaceful guides were vigorously contemplating an armed response. There was news value in the scene, but I was sickened by their rapid descent into revenge mode. My disappointment was not entirely based on aversion to the addictive and infectious power of violence, however: in showing that they, too, were capable of bloodshed, my once-sympathetic guides were spoiling a clean story line. In the moment, knowing my market, I was, it must be admitted, every bit as inclined to value a sharp image over a nuanced portrait as the narrowly focused machine I at other times decry. My article presented the story in diverse detail, but the market logic of its genesis had directed it toward the singular, violent departure point on which I did, indeed, focus when, asked that morning where I wanted to go, I had responded, “Wherever there’s going to be fighting.” In addition to market considerations holding violence as the highest news value, though, my approach had roots in the aspiring war correspondent’s classic infatuation with getting a piece of the action. Just as soldiers need a war to amass the medals and experience necessary for rapid advancement, journalists can extract from exposure to the most arresting stories professional opportunity and, often, the thrill of a lifetime. The cultural capital offered by a role in a good fight is a currency subjected to official devaluation over the years, but in the marketplace of personal identity, war stories retain worth. My students appear to like hearing them; I must admit that I can revel in telling one. Like an accounting of scars and scares past, it celebrates triumph over threats large and small. Even a well-established reputation is no bar to glory-seeking on the basis of proximity to the fight. Top New York Times reporter R.W. Apple’s tale of a bullet passing through the loose folds of his trousers was undermined by the absence of evidence (other reporters could not believe he would throw out so treasured a souvenir), but it only serves to emphasise all the more the delicious appeal to reporters of a physical link to the fighting. Such anecdotes, and the ascendant prestige accorded photojournalists, who must place themselves closer to the action than those who only have to write about it, serve to emphasise the emergence of an informal pecking order based on proximity to peril. This emphasis on risk, with its evocation of potential sacrifice, represents a historical change. Where today facing danger is a featured facet of journalistic practice, a century ago the emphasis was on dishing it out. For example, I found in the Manuscript Division of the U.S. Library of Congress a letter from John Barrett, the first journalist to suggest military action in the Philippines to a national American audience, in which he wrote to his mother of having derived “great pleasure in firing five or six shots at the enemy.” Despite his former rank as consul to Siam and the position of power and distinction he enjoyed as correspondent for both the prestigious North American Review and the widely-read network of newspapers headed by William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal, Barrett sought parity with simple soldiers whose institutional base more readily connoted glory. "[I] may not be an enlisted soldier but in my way as a correspondent of the greatest daily newspapers of the world—i.e., the most extensively read—bear a responsibility quite equal to a lesser officer unto those who are on the rank.” he wrote to his mother on June 26, 1898, adding, “I would not send any 'fake' account of the battle even if ordered to do so by the editor himself and if I do not send a 'fake' story I must be at the front where I can see what is actually done." Barrett’s location of the “actual” war at the front lines, where hot lead and blood were imagined to flow freely, adhered to a prevailing press perspective valorizing immersion in the fight. As the nineteenth century drew to a close, widespread acceptance was accorded to the notion of the superiority of “hard-won” knowledge, gained through exposure to combat (or perhaps, as in the case of a rival interlocutor of Philippine affairs, Dean Worcester, to alternative threats such head-hunters). In part a reflection of the rough-edged Social Darwinism holding up such survivors as the “fittest” and in part a simple testament to the universal power of warrior myths, battle-certified claims to a higher degree of both patriotism and veracity were an effective rhetorical trump card against the reasoned, impassioned pleas for caution and humanity emerging from the mostly older men of letters leading the anti-imperialist movement. Other reporters of the age also won fame for their activist roles. One of Hearst’s other minions, Karl Decker, engineered an 1897 jailbreak in Cuba that brought to a nationwide audience New York Journal’s tale of the “Cuban girl martyr,” Evangelina Cosio y Cisneros. Other reporters fought alongside the Cuban rebels, sweetening the romantic notion of siding with the underdog—which contributed mightily to the popularity of the “yellow” press’ sensational accounts of war. While the insertion of such blatant reportorial machismo into war reporting has diminished with time and the supposed rise of objectivity as a guiding standard, the interest of media audiences in intimate details of the experience of war has not diminished, and the technologies available to answer such demands have proliferated. From the “living room war” so roundly decried by those who mistakenly saw the seeds of defeat in enhanced public access to the details of war in Vietnam, we have “advanced” to a perspective on warfare that is funneled through the dispassionate gaze of the weapons themselves. The video game metaphor for war, popularised during and since the first Persian Gulf War, gave rise to a missile’s-eye-view that rendered apparently superfluous the role of the reporter. Government restrictions on press access to war zones, instituted in Grenada in 1983 and carried to new lengths in Iraq in 1991, further contributed to the marginalisation of the reportorial agency. It did not help that reporters did so poor and tardy a job of exposing as false the notions of technological infallibility promoted by officialdom. Their failure to question the Big Lie of reported Patriot missile accuracy in striking down Iraqi Scuds only served to support the notion that machines were more reliable than men. Meanwhile, the celebrity of “Scud Stud” Arthur Kent was largely based on his positioning before a pyrotechnic backdrop of flares, tracers, and the occasional missile, which helped keep alive the impression that a reporter’s importance is contingent upon close physical connection with the scene of the fight. Today, we see the new face of war through the lens of the Predator, an unmanned drone that can both gather and disseminate information and issue a deadly strike. The bomber-camera combo dissolves the dated dichotomy constructed as pen vs. sword. All too frequently a false construction in the first place, the “which is mightier?” question nonetheless offered value in its oppositional frame. Even if reporters understood the supremacy of arms, and tied their own identities to their use in diverse and sometimes contradictory fashion, their ability to wield words had a self-interested way of conveying the hazards of war, and thus at least some of its potential human consequences. Akin to the dashboard-cam that has pervaded consciousness in the age of “Cops” and other all-car-chase-all-the-time forms of television, the machine vision that orders and produces audience perceptions of distant fighting has sidelined the reportorial perspective, putting the viewer in the imaginary cockpit. Has the stripping away of reportorial mediation produced any more or less humane or accurate an impression? Despite the often pugnacious and self-glorifying approach of reporters seeking to validate their vitality and influence, the removal of journalistic agency has left the field open for manipulation by the controllers of the bomber-camera combo, and thus has impoverished public understanding of the deadly spiral violence inspires. There is historical precedent, or at least parallel, for this, and it is not encouraging. Public enthusiasm for taking the Philippines was stirred in 1898 by the ease with which the technologically superior new American gunboats destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. Newspapers filled page after page with illustrations and descriptions of naval ordnance, inspiring a fusion of technophilia and war fever that helped prepare the way for the United States’ rapid conversion from an anti-imperialist polity into an expanding power with global ambitions and concomitant responsibilities and exposures. What began as an ostensibly diversionary military manoeuver designed to keep Spanish ships from playing a highly unlikely role in reinforcing the defense of Cuba—a preemptive strike, to use a currently popular term—grew, through an initial affinity for the new fighting machines, into an engagement that ended up portending a transoceanic American empire and altered national destinies to go with it. Not long after, bogged down in a grisly and unexpectedly lengthy land war against Filipino independence-seekers, Americans had reason to rethink their assumptions about the ease with which wars could be prosecuted. The Philippine-American war has been largely erased from American history, along with the accounts of the war correspondents who covered it. But the legacy of globalised imperial violence it initiated lives on, with the next installment coming soon. Check your local listings. Citation reference for this article Substitute your date of access for Dn Month Year etc... MLA Style Vaughan, Christopher. "If It Bleeds, It Leads" M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 6.1 (2003). Dn Month Year < http://www.media-culture.org.au/0302/04-ifitbleeds.php>. APA Style Vaughan, C., (2003, Feb 26). If It Bleeds, It Leads. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture, 6,(1). Retrieved Month Dn, Year, from http://www.media-culture.org.au/0302/04-ifitbleeds.html

“There is nothing more public than privacy.” (Berlant and Warner, Sex) How did it come to this? How did it happen that a one-off, two-hour event at a public swimming pool in a suburb of outer Melbourne ignited international hate mail and generated media-fanned political anguish and debate about the proper use of public spaces? In 2010, women who attend a women’s only swim session on Sunday evenings at the Dandenong Oasis public swimming pool asked the pool management and the local council for permission to celebrate the end of Ramadan at the pool during the time of their regular swim session. The request was supported by the pool managers and the council and promoted by both as an opportunity for family and friends to get together in a spirit of multicultural learning and understanding. Responding to criticisms of the event as an unreasonable claim on public facilities by one group, the Mayor of the City of Greater Dandenong, Jim Memeti, rejected claims that this event discriminates against non-Muslim residents of the suburb. But here’s the rub. The event, to be held after hours at the pool, requires all participants older than ten years of age to follow a dress code of knee-length shorts and T-shirts. This is a suburban moment that is borne of but exceeds the local. It reflects and responds to a contemporary global conundrum of great political and theoretical significance—how to negotiate and govern the relations between multiculturalism, religion, gender, sexual freedom, and democracy. Specifically this event speaks to how multicultural democracy in the public sphere negotiates the public presence and expression of different cultural and religious frameworks related to gender and sexuality. This is demanding political stuff. Situated in the messy political and theoretical terrains of the relation between public space and the public sphere, this local moment called for political judgement about how cultural differences should be allowed to manifest in and through public space, giving consideration to the potential effects of these decisions on an inclusive multicultural democracy. The local authorities in Dandenong engaged in an admirable process of democratic labour as they puzzled over how to make decisions that were responsible and equitable, in the absence of a rulebook or precedents for success. Ultimately however this mode of experimental decision-making, which will become increasingly necessary to manage such predicaments in the future, was foreclosed by unwarranted and unhelpful media outrage. "Foreclosed" here stresses the preemptive nature of the loss; a lost opportunity for trialing approaches to governing cultural diversity that may fail, but might then be modified. It was condemned in advance of either success or failure. The role of the media rather than the discomfort of the local publics has been decisive in this event.This Multicultural SuburbDandenong is approximately 30 kilometres southeast of central Melbourne. Originally home to the Bunorong People of the Kulin nation, it was settled by pastoralists by the 1800s, heavily industrialised during the twentieth century, and now combines cultural diversity with significant social disadvantage. The City of Greater Dandenong is proud of its reputation as the most culturally and linguistically diverse municipality in Australia. Its population of approximately 138,000 comprises residents from 156 different language groups. More than half (56%) of its population was born overseas, with 51% from nations where English is not the main spoken language. These include Vietnam, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, India, China, Italy, Greece, Bosnia and Afghanistan. It is also a place of significant religious diversity with residents identifying as Buddhist (15 per cent) Muslim (8 per cent), Hindu (2 per cent) and Christian (52 per cent) [CGD]. Its city logo, “Great Place, Great People” evokes its twin pride in the placemaking power of its diverse population. It is also a brazen act of civic branding to counter its reputation as a derelict and dangerous suburb. In his recent book The Bogan Delusion, David Nichols cites a "bogan" website that names Dandenong as one of Victoria’s two most bogan areas. The other was Moe. (p72). The Sunday Age newspaper had already depicted Dandenong as one of two excessively dangerous suburbs “where locals fear to tread” (Elder and Pierik). The other suburb of peril was identified as Footscray.Central Dandenong is currently the site of Australia’s largest ever state sponsored Urban Revitalisation program with a budget of more than $290 million to upgrade infrastructure, that aims to attract $1billion in private investment to provide housing and future employment.The Cover UpIn September 2010, the Victorian and Civil and Administrative Appeals Tribunal (VCAT) granted the YMCA an exemption from the Equal Opportunity Act to allow a dress code for the Ramadan event at the Oasis swimming pool that it manages. The "Y" sees the event as “an opportunity for the broader community to learn more about Ramadan and the Muslim faith, and encourages all members of Dandenong’s diverse community to participate” (YMCA Ramadan). While pool management and the municipal council refer to the event as an "opening up" of the closed swimming session, the media offer a different reading of the VCAT decision. The trope of the "the cover up" has framed most reports and commentaries (Murphy; Szego). The major focus of the commentaries has not been the event per se, but the call to dress "appropriately." Dress codes however are a cultural familiar. They exist for workplaces, schools, nightclubs, weddings, racing and sporting clubs and restaurants, to name but a few. While some of these codes or restrictions are normatively imposed rather than legally required, they are not alien to cultural life in Australia. Moreover, there are laws that prohibit people from being meagerly dressed or naked in public, including at beaches, swimming pools and so on. The dress code for this particular swimming pool event was, however, perceived to be unusual and, in a short space of time, "unusual" converted to "social threat."Responses to media polls about the dress code reveal concerns related to the symbolic dimensions of the code. The vast majority of those who opposed the Equal Opportunity exemption saw it as the thin edge of the multicultural wedge, a privatisation of public facilities, or a denial of the public’s right to choose how to dress. Tabloid newspapers reported on growing fears of Islamisation, while the more temperate opposition situated the decision as a crisis of human rights associated with tolerating illiberal cultural practices. Julie Szego reflects this view in an opinion piece in The Age newspaper:the Dandenong pool episode is neither trivial nor insignificant. It is but one example of human rights laws producing outcomes that restrict rights. It raises tough questions about how far public authorities ought to go in accommodating cultural practices that sit uneasily with mainstream Western values. (Szego)Without enquiring into the women’s request and in the absence of the women’s views about what meaning the event held for them, most media commentators and their electronically wired audiences treated the announcement as yet another alarming piece of evidence of multicultural failure and the potential Islamisation of Australia. The event raised specific concerns about the double intrusion of cultural difference and religion. While the Murdoch tabloid Herald Sun focused on the event as “a plan to force families to cover up to avoid offending Muslims at a public event” (Murphy) the liberal Age newspaper took a more circumspect approach, reporting on its small vox pop at the Dandenong pool. Some people here referred to the need to respect religions and seemed unfazed by the exemption and the event. Those who disagreed thought it was important not to enforce these (dress) practices on other people (Carey).It is, I believe, significant that several employees of the local council informed me that most of the opposition has come from the media, people outside of Dandenong and international groups who oppose the incursion of Islam into non-Islamic settings. Opposition to the event did not appear to derive from local concern or opposition.The overwhelming majority of Herald Sun comments expressed emphatic opposition to the dress code, citing it variously as unAustralian, segregationist, arrogant, intolerant and sexist. The Herald Sun polled readers (in a self-selecting and of course highly unrepresentative on-line poll) asking them to vote on whether or not they agreed with the VCAT exemption. While 5.52 per cent (512 voters) agreed with the ruling, 94.48 per cent (8,760) recorded disagreement. In addition, the local council has, for the first time in memory, received a stream of hate-mail from international anti-Islam groups. Muslim women’s groups, feminists, the Equal Opportunity Commissioner and academics have also weighed in. According to local reports, Professor of Islamic Studies at the University of Melbourne, Shahram Akbarzadeh, considered the exemption was “nonsense” and would “backfire and the people who will pay for it will be the Muslim community themselves” (Haberfield). He repudiated it as an example of inclusion and tolerance, labeling it “an effort of imposing a value system (sic)” (Haberfield). He went so far as to suggest that, “If Tony Abbott wanted to participate in his swimwear he wouldn’t be allowed in. That’s wrong.” Tasneem Chopra, chairwoman of the Islamic Women’s Welfare Council and Sherene Hassan from the Islamic Council of Victoria, both expressed sensitivity to the group’s attempt to establish an inclusive event but would have preferred the dress code to be a matter of choice rather coercion (Haberfield, "Mayor Defends Dandenong Pool Cover Up Order"). Helen Szoke, the Commissioner of the Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission, defended the pool’s exemption from the Law that she oversees. “Matters such as this are not easy to resolve and require a balance to be achieved between competing rights and obligations. Dress codes are not uncommon: e.g., singlets, jeans, thongs etc in pubs/hotels” (in Murphy). The civil liberties organisation, Liberty Victoria, supported the ban because the event was to be held after hours (Murphy). With astonishing speed this single event not only transformed the suburban swimming pool to a theatre of extra-local disputes about who and what is entitled to make claims on public space and publically funded facilities, but also fed into charged debates about the future of multiculturalism and the vulnerability of the nation to the corrosive effects of cultural and religious difference. In this sense suburbs like Dandenong are presented as sites that not only generate fear about physical safety but whose suburban sensitivities to its culturally diverse population represent a threat to the safety of the nation. Thus the event both reflects and produces an antipathy to cultural difference and to the place where difference resides. This aversion is triggered by and mediated in this case through the figure, rather than the (corpo)reality, of the Muslim woman. In this imagining, the figure of the Muslim woman is assigned the curious symbolic role of "cultural creep." The debates around the pool event is not about the wellbeing or interests of the Muslim women themselves, nor are broader debates about the perceived, culturally-derived restrictions imposed on Muslim women living in Australia or other western countries. The figure of the Muslim woman is, I would argue, simply the ground on which the debates are held. The first debate relates to social and public space, access to which is considered fundamental to freedom and participatory democracy, and in current times is addressed in terms of promoting inclusion, preventing exclusion and finding opportunities for cross cultural encounters. The second relates not to public space per se, but to the public sphere or the “sphere of private people coming together as a public” for political deliberation (Habermas 21). The literature and discussions dealing with these two terrains have remained relatively disconnected (Low and Smith) with public space referring largely to activities and opportunities in the socio-cultural domain and the public sphere addressing issues of politics, rights and democracy. This moment in Dandenong offers some modest leeway for situating "the suburb" as an ideal site for coalescing these disparate discussions. In this regard I consider Iveson’s provocative and productive question about whether some forms of exclusions from suburban public space may actually deepen the democratic ideals of the public sphere. Exclusions may in such cases be “consistent with visions of a democratically inclusive city” (216). He makes his case in relation to a dispute about the exclusion of men exclusion from a women’s only swimming pool in the Sydney suburb of Coogee. The Dandenong case is similarly exclusive with an added sense of exclusion generated by an "inclusion with restrictions."Diversity, Difference, Public Space and the Public SphereAs a prelude to this discussion of exclusion as democracy, I return to the question that opened this article: how did it come to this? How is it that Australia has moved from its renowned celebration and pride in its multiculturalism so much in evidence at the suburban level through what Ghassan Hage calls an “unproblematic” multiculturalism (233) and what others have termed “everyday multiculturalism” (Wise and Velayutham). Local cosmopolitanisms are often evinced through the daily rituals of people enjoying the ethnic cuisines of their co-residents’ pasts, and via moments of intercultural encounter. People uneventfully rub up against and greet each other or engage in everyday acts of kindness that typify life in multicultural suburbs, generating "reservoirs of hope" for democratic and cosmopolitan cities (Thrift 147). In today’s suburbs, however, the “Imperilled Muslim women” who need protection from “dangerous Muslim men” (Razack 129) have a higher discursive profile than ethnic cuisine as the exemplar of multiculturalism. Have we moved from pleasure to hostility or was the suburban pleasure in racial difference always about a kind of “eating the other” (bell hooks 378). That is to ask whether our capacity to experience diversity positively has been based on consumption, consuming the other for our own enrichment, whereas living with difference entails a commitment not to consumption but to democracy. This democratic multicultural commitment is a form of labour rather than pleasure, and its outcome is not enrichment but transformation (although this labour can be pleasurable and transformation might be enriching). Dandenong’s prized cultural precincts, "Little India" and the "Afghan bazaar" are showcases of food, artefacts and the diversity of the suburb. They are centres of pleasurable and exotic consumption. The pool session, however, requires one to confront difference. In simple terms we can think about ethnic food, festivals and handicrafts as cultural diversity, and the Muslim woman as cultural difference.This distinction between diversity and difference is useful for thinking through the relation between multiculturalism in public space and multicultural democracy of the public sphere. According to the anthropologist Thomas Hylland Eriksen, while a neoliberal sensibility supports cultural diversity in the public space, cultural difference is seen as a major cause of social problems associated with immigrants, and has a diminishing effect on the public sphere (14). According to Eriksen, diversity is understood as aesthetic, or politically and morally neutral expressions of culture that are enriching (Hage 118) or digestible. Difference, however, refers to morally objectionable cultural practices. In short, diversity is enriching. Difference is corrosive. Eriksen argues that differences that emerge from distinct cultural ideas and practices are deemed to create conflicts with majority cultures, weaken social solidarity and lead to unacceptable violations of human rights in minority groups. The suburban swimming pool exists here at the boundary of diversity and difference, where the "presence" of diverse bodies may enrich, but their different practices deplete and damage existing culture. The imperilled Muslim woman of the suburbs carries a heavy symbolic load. She stands for major global contests at the border of difference and diversity in three significant domains, multiculturalism, religion and feminism. These three areas are positioned simultaneously in public space and of the public sphere and she embodies a specific version of each in this suburban setting. First, there a global retreat from multiculturalism evidenced in contemporary narratives that describe multiculturalism (both as official policy and unofficial sensibility) as failed and increasingly ineffective at accommodating or otherwise dealing with religious, cultural and ethnic differences (Cantle; Goodhart; Joppke; Poynting and Mason). In the UK, Europe, the US and Australia, popular media sources and political discourses speak of "parallel lives,"immigrant enclaves, ghettoes, a lack of integration, the clash of values, and illiberal cultural practices. The covered body of the Muslim woman, and more particularly the Muslim veil, are now read as visual signs of this clash of values and of the refusal to integrate. Second, religion has re-emerged in the public domain, with religious groups and individuals making particular claims on public space both on the basis of their religious identity and in accord with secular society’s respect for religious freedom. This is most evident in controversies in France, Belgium and Netherlands associated with banning niqab in public and other religious symbols in schools, and in Australia in court. In this sense the covered Muslim woman raises concerns and indignation about the rightful place of religion in the public sphere and in social space. Third, feminism is increasingly invoked as the ground from which claims about the imperilled Muslim woman are made, particularly those about protecting women from their dangerous men. The infiltration of the Muslim presence into public space is seen as a threat to the hard won gains of women’s freedom enjoyed by the majority population. This newfound feminism of the public sphere, posited by those who might otherwise disavow feminism, requires some serious consideration. This public discourse rarely addresses the discrimination, violation and lack of freedom experienced systematically on an everyday basis by women of majority cultural backgrounds in western societies (such as Australia). However, the sexism of racially and religiously different men is readily identified and decried. This represents a significant shift to a dubious feminist register of the public sphere such that: “[w]omen of foreign origin, ...more specifically Muslim women…have replaced the traditional housewife as the symbol of female subservience” (Tissot 41–42).The three issues—multiculturalism, religion and feminism—are, in the Dandenong pool context, contests about human rights, democracy and the proper use of public space. Szego’s opinion piece sees the Dandenong pool "cover up" as an example of the conundrum of how human rights for some may curtail the human rights of others and lead us into a problematic entanglement of universal "rights," with claims of difference. In her view the combination of human rights and multiculturalism in the case of the Dandenong Pool accommodates illiberal practices that put the rights of "the general public" at risk, or as she puts it, on a “slippery slope” that results in a “watering down of our human rights.” Ideas that entail women making a claim for private time in public space are ultimately not good for "us."Such ideas run counter to the West's more than 500-year struggle for individual freedom—including both freedom of religion and freedom from religion—and for gender equality. Our public authorities ought to be pushing back hardest when these values are under threat. Yet this is precisely where they've been buckling under pressure (Szego)But a different reading of the relation between public and private space, human rights, democracy and gender freedom is readily identifiable in the Dandenong event—if one looks for it. Living with difference, I have already suggested, is a problem of democracy and the public sphere and does not so easily correspond to consuming diversity, as it demands engagement with cultural difference. In what remains, I explore how multicultural democracy in the public sphere and women’s rights in public and private realms relate, firstly, to the burgeoning promise of democracy and civility that might emerge in public space through encounter and exchange. I also point out how this moment in Dandenong might be read as a singular contribution to dealing with this global problematic of living with difference; of democracy in the public sphere. Public urban space has become a focus for speculation among geographers and sociologists in particular, about the prospects for an enhanced civic appreciation of living with difference through encountering strangers. Random and repetitious encounters with people from all cultures typify contemporary urban life. It remains an open question however as to whether these encounters open up or close down possibilities for conviviality and understanding, and whether they undo or harden peoples’ fears and prejudices. There is, however, at least in some academic and urban planning circles, some hope that the "throwntogetherness" (Massey) and the "doing" of togetherness (Laurier and Philo) found in the multicultural city may generate some lessons and opportunities for developing a civic culture and political commitment to living with difference. Alongside the optimism of those who celebrate the city, the suburb, and public spaces as forging new ways of living with difference, there are those such as Gill Valentine who wonder how this might be achieved in practice (324). Ash Amin similarly notes that city or suburban public spaces are not necessarily “the natural servants of multicultural engagement” (Ethnicity 967). Amin and Valentine point to the limited or fleeting opportunities for real engagement in these spaces. Moreover Valentine‘s research in the UK revealed that the spatial proximity found in multicultural spaces did not so much give rise to greater mutual respect and engagement, but to a frustrated “white self-segregation in the suburbs.” She suggests therefore that civility and polite exchange should not be mistaken for respect (324). Amin contends that it is the “micro-publics” of social encounters found in workplaces, schools, gardens, sports clubs [and perhaps swimming pools] rather than the fleeting encounters of the street or park, that offer better opportunities for meaningful intercultural exchange. The Ramadan celebration at the pool, with its dress code and all, might be seen more fruitfully as a purposeful event engaging a micro-public in which people are able to “break out of fixed relations and fixed notions” and “learn to become different” (Amin, Ethnicity 970) without that generating discord and resentment.Micropublics, Subaltern Publics and a Democracy of (Temporary) ExclusionsIs this as an opportunity to bring the global and local together in an experiment of forging new democratic spaces for gender, sexuality, culture and for living with difference? More provocatively, can we see exclusion and an invitation to share in this exclusion as a precursor to and measure of, actually existing democracy? Painter and Philo have argued that democratic citizenship is questionable if “people cannot be present in public spaces (streets, squares, parks, cinemas, churches, town halls) without feeling uncomfortable, victimized and basically ‘out of place’…" (Iveson 216). Feminists have long argued that distinctions between public and private space are neither straightforward nor gender neutral. For Nancy Fraser the terms are “cultural classifications and rhetorical labels” that are powerful because they are “frequently deployed to delegitimate some interests, views and topics and to valorize others” (73). In relation to women and other subordinated minorities, the "rhetoric of privacy" has been historically used to restrict the domain of legitimate public contestation. In fact the notion of what is public and particularly notions of the "public interest" and the "public good" solidify forms of subordination. Fraser suggests the concept of "subaltern counterpublics" as an alternative to notions of "the public." These are discursive spaces where groups articulate their needs, and demands are circulated formulating their own public sphere. This challenges the very meaning and foundational premises of ‘the public’ rather than simply positing strategies of inclusion or exclusion. The twinning of Amin’s notion of "micro-publics" and Fraser’s "counterpublics" is, I suggest, a fruitful approach to interpreting the Dandenong pool issue. It invites a reading of this singular suburban moment as an experiment, a trial of sorts, in newly imaginable ways of living democratically with difference. It enables us to imagine moments when a limited democratic right to exclude might create the sorts of cultural exchanges that give rise to a more authentic and workable recognition of cultural difference. I am drawn to think that this is precisely the kind of democratic experimentation that the YMCA and Dandenong Council embarked upon when they applied for the Equal Opportunity exemption. I suggest that by trialing, rather than fixing forever a "critically exclusive" access to the suburban swimming pool for two hours per year, they were in fact working on the practical problem of how to contribute in small but meaningful ways to a more profoundly free democracy and a reworked public sphere. In relation to the similar but distinct example of the McIver pool for women and children in Coogee, New South Wales, Kurt Iveson makes the point that such spaces of exclusion or withdrawal, “do not necessarily serve simply as spaces where people ‘can be themselves’, or as sites through which reified identities are recognised—in existing conditions of inequality, they can also serve as protected spaces where people can take the risk of exploring who they might become with relative safety from attack and abuse” (226). These are necessary risks to take if we are to avoid entrenching fear of difference in a world where difference is itself deeply, and permanently, entrenched.ReferencesAmin, Ash. “Ethnicity and the Multicultural City: Living with Diversity.” Environment and Planning A 34 (2002): 959–80.———. “The Good City.” Urban Studies 43 (2006): 1009–23.Berlant, Lauren, and Michael Warner. “Sex in Public.” Critical Inquiry 24 (1998): 547–66.Cantle, Ted. Community Cohesion: A Report of the Independent Review Team. 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