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Journal articles on the topic 'Core-shell Nanomaterials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Arici, Elif, Dieter Meissner, F. Schäffler, and N. Serdar Sariciftci. "Core/shell nanomaterials in photovoltaics." International Journal of Photoenergy 5, no. 4 (2003): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x03000333.

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Hybrid materials consist of inorganic nanoparticles embedded in polymer matrices. An advantage of these materials is to combine the unique properties of one or more kinds of inorganic nanoparticles with the film forming properties of polymers. Most of the polymers can be processed from solution at room temperature enabling the manufacturing of large area, flexible and light weight devices. To exploit the full potential for the technological applications of the nanocrystalline materials, it is very important to endow them with good processing attributes. The surface of the inorganic cluster can be modified during the synthesis by organic surfactants. The surfactant can alter the dispersion characteristic of the particles by initiating attractive forces with the polymer chains, in which the particles should be homogenously arranged. In this review, we present wet chemical methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles, which have been used as photovoltaic materials in polymer blends. The photovoltaic performance of various inorganic/organic hybrid solar cells, prepared via spin-coating will be the focus of this contribution.

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2

Ribeiro, Mota, Júnior, Lima, Fechine, Denardin, Carbone, Bloise, Mele, and Mazzetto. "Nanomaterials Based on Fe3O4 and Phthalocyanines Derived from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 9, 2019): 3284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183284.

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In this work we report the synthesis of new hybrid nanomaterials in the core/shell/shell morphology, consisting of a magnetite core (Fe3O4) and two consecutive layers of oleic acid (OA) and phthalocyanine molecules, the latter derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). The synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticle was performed via co-precipitation procedure, followed by the nanoparticle coating with OA by hydrothermal method. The phthalocyanines anchorage on the Fe3O4/OA core/shell nanomaterial was performed by facile and effective sonication method. The as obtained Fe3O4/OA/phthalocyanine hybrids were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic measurements. TEM showed round-shaped nanomaterials with sizes in the range of 12–15 nm. Nanomaterials presented saturation magnetization (Ms) in the 1–16 emu/g and superparamagnetic behavior. Furthermore, it was observed that the thermal stability of the samples was directly affected by the insertion of different transition metals in the ring cavity of the phthalocyanine molecule.

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3

Tsamos, Dimitris, Athina Krestou, Maria Papagiannaki, and Stergios Maropoulos. "An Overview of the Production of Magnetic Core-Shell Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications." Metals 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040605.

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Several developments have recently emerged for core-shell magnetic nanomaterials, indicating that they are suitable materials for biomedical applications. Their usage in hyperthermia and drug delivery applications has escalated since the use of shell materials and has several beneficial effects for the treatment in question. The shell can protect the magnetic core from oxidation and provide biocompatibility for many materials. Yet, the synthesis of the core-shell materials is a multifaceted challenge as it involves several steps and parallel processes. Although reviews on magnetic core-shell nanoparticles exist, there is a lack of literature that compares the size and shape of magnetic core-shell nanomaterials synthesized via various methods. Therefore, this review outlines the primary synthetic routes for magnetic core-shell nanoparticles, along with the recent advances in magnetic core-shell nanomaterials. As core-shell nanoparticles have been proposed among others as therapeutic nanocarriers, their potential applications in hyperthermia drug delivery are discussed.

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4

Sepahvand, R., S. Alihosseini, M. Adeli, and P. Sasanpour. "Fullerene-Gold Core-Shell Structures and Their Self-Assemblies." International Journal of Nanoscience 16, no. 02 (January 24, 2017): 1650029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x16500290.

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Hybrid nanomaterials consisting of functionalized fullerene and gold nanoparticle (NP) have been synthesized. Fullerene was functionalized by citric acid and used as reducing and capping agent for preparation of gold NPs. Functionalization of fullerene by use of citric acid was performed by enzymatic and thermal approaches. The core-shell structures containing gold NPs as core and fullerene as shell (gold/fullerene) were prepared. It was found that method and density of functionalization of fullerene effect final structure and therefore their physicochemical property of hybrid nanomaterial dramatically. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the structure of the synthesized hybrid nanomaterial and also study their self-assembly and physicochemical properties. Effect of the size, structure and morphology (e.g., agglomeration) of the synthesized hybrid nanomaterial on their UV-Vis absorption behavior has been also verified by theoretical modeling.

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5

Zhang, Xiao-kai, Lei Xia, Xue Li, and Lian-dong Liu. "Preparation and spectral properties of CuSe/ZnSe core-shell nanomaterials." Europhysics Letters 136, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 26001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/136/26001.

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Abstract In this research, first, CuSe nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using the reflux condensation method. Then, a ZnSe shell was grown on the CuSe NPs by using a simple, rapid photochemical approach. Synthesized CuSe/ZnSe core-shell NPs were characterized by means of different analyses, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis of the sample shows the formation of core-shell NPs with the structure of hexagonal CuSe and cubic ZnSe. The core-shell structure of the product has been formed and the size of the synthesized core-shell NPs is about 20–50 nm. The band gap of the CuSe/ZnSe core-shell NPs was higher than that for CuSe or ZnSe in bulk. The fluorescence properties were greatly enhanced by successful growth of the ZnSe shell and decreased with the extension of illumination time.

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6

Loghina, Liudmila, Maksym Chylii, Anastasia Kaderavkova, Stanislav Slang, Petr Svec, Jhonatan Rodriguez Pereira, Bozena Frumarova, Miroslav Cieslar, and Miroslav Vlcek. "Highly Efficient and Controllable Methodology of the Cd0.25Zn0.75Se/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots Synthesis." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 5, 2021): 2616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102616.

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The surface of any binary or multi-component nanocrystal has imperfections and defects. The number of surface defects depends both on the nature of the nanomaterial and on the method of its preparation. One of the possibilities to confine the number of surface defects is the epitaxial growth of the shell, which leads to a change in the physical properties while maintaining the morphology of the core. To form a shell of the desired thickness, an accurate calculation of the amount of its precursors is substantial to avoid the appearance of individual crystals consisting of the shell material. This study aimed to develop an effective calculation method for the theoretical amount of precursors required for the formation of a ZnS shell on the surface of a Cd0.25Zn0.75Se core, followed by the practical implementation of theoretical calculations and characterization of the prepared nanomaterials. This method allows the complete control of the masses and volumes of the initial reagents, which will in turn prevent undesirable nucleation of nuclei consisting of the shell material. In the synthesis of Cd0.25Zn0.75Se/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs), the sources of chalcogens were substituted seleno- and thioureas, which are capable of not only supplanting modern toxic sources of sulfur and selenium but also allowing one to perform the controlled synthesis of highly photoluminescent QDs with a low number of surface defects. The result of this shell overcoating method was an impetuous augmentation in the photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY up to 83%), uniformity in size and shape, and a high yield of nanomaterials. The developed synthetic technique of core/shell QDs provides a controlled growth of the shell on the core surface, which makes it possible to transfer this method to an industrial scale.

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7

Rakgalakane, B. P., and M. J. Moloto. "Aqueous Synthesis and Characterization of CdSe/ZnO Core-Shell Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/514205.

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Core-shell nanomaterials based on CdSe as the core and ZnO as the shell were prepared using an aqueous route involving the use of Cd salt and NaBH4in reaction with Se to generate CdSe in the presence of thioglycerol (TG) as a stabilizer. ZnO has been prepared at pH 12 using stronger base such as NaOH at lower concentration and by varying amounts of Zn2+ions ranging from 2.5, 5, 25 mL, and 50 mL to prepare core-shell nanomaterials. The absorption and emission spectral features are dominated by CdSe nanoparticles with typical shift in the emission maxima red-shifted in relation to the band edges. There is an observable change in the band edge from the core as the amount of ZnO is increased. The TEM features showed the formation of the core-shell from the volume of 5 mL which is indicated by the thin layer of shell on the surface of the CdSe core.

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8

Mallick, Sadhucharan, Kshitij RB Singh, Vanya Nayak, Jay Singh, and Ravindra Pratap Singh. "Potentialities of core@shell nanomaterials for biosensor technologies." Materials Letters 306 (January 2022): 130912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130912.

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9

Kalambate, Pramod K., Dhanjai, Zhimei Huang, Yankai Li, Yue Shen, Meilan Xie, Yunhui Huang, and Ashwini K. Srivastava. "Core@shell nanomaterials based sensing devices: A review." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 115 (June 2019): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.002.

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10

Wang, Lingyan, Hye-Young Park, Stephanie I.-Im Lim, Mark J. Schadt, Derrick Mott, Jin Luo, Xin Wang, and Chuan-Jian Zhong. "Core@shell nanomaterials: gold-coated magnetic oxide nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Chemistry 18, no. 23 (2008): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b719096d.

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11

Kumar, K. Santhosh, Vijay Bhooshan Kumar, and Pradip Paik. "Recent Advancement in Functional Core-Shell Nanoparticles of Polymers: Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Applications in Medical Biotechnology." Journal of Nanoparticles 2013 (March 25, 2013): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/672059.

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This paper covers the core-shell nanomaterials, mainly, polymer-core polymer shell, polymer-core metal shell, and polymer-core nonmetal shells. Herein, various synthesis techniques, properties, and applications of these materials have been discussed. The detailed discussion of the properties with experimental parameters has been carried out. The various characterization techniques for the core-shell nanostructure have also been discussed. Their physical and chemical properties have been addressed. The future aspects of such core-shell nanostructures for biomedical and various other applications have been discussed with a special emphasis on their properties.

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12

Iqbal, W., M. Mekki, W. Rehman, B. Shahzad, U. Anwar, S. Mahmood, and Md E. Talukder. "Electrical properties of TiO2/CO3O4 core/shell nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 18, no. 1 (April 20, 2023): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2023.181.403.

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TiO2/Co3O4 core-shell nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the sol-gel method in two steps: the first step is the sol-gel synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticles, and the second step is the synthesis of TiO2/Co3O4 nanoparticles by sol-gel method. The obtained Co3O4 and TiO2/Co3O4 core-shell nanoparticles were investigated utilizing X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and conductivity measurement. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of both Co3O4 and TiO2 phases in TiO2/Co3O4 core-shell nanoparticles; co3o4 nanoparticles have a cubic shape, and TiO2 nanoparticles have a tetragonal shape. SEM images of Co3O4 nanoparticles show most of the particles are smoothly distributed, having separate boundaries, and images of TiO2/Co3O4 nanoparticles showed that with an increase in calcination temperature, the size of the core-shell nanoparticles also increases. FTIR spectrum of both confirms the synthesis of Co3O4 and TiO2/Co3O4 nanomaterials. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy exhibited the band gaps of TiO2/Co3O4 core-shell nanoparticles decrease with the increase of the temperature. The conductivity of the TiO2/Co3O4 core-shell nanomaterials increases with an increase in temperature and also with an increase in frequency.

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13

Chen, Liyu, Binbin Huang, Xuan Qiu, Xi Wang, Rafael Luque, and Yingwei Li. "Seed-mediated growth of MOF-encapsulated Pd@Ag core–shell nanoparticles: toward advanced room temperature nanocatalysts." Chemical Science 7, no. 1 (2016): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc02925b.

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Core–shell Pd@Ag nanoparticles are formed within the pores of MOFs via a seed mediated growth strategy with activated hydrogen atoms as the reducing agent, leading to a family of bimetallic core–shell MOF nanomaterials with excelling catalytic performance in room temperature reactions.

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14

Singh, Haobijam Johnson, and Ambarish Ghosh. "Harnessing magnetic dipole resonance in novel dielectric nanomaterials." Nanoscale 10, no. 34 (2018): 16102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr04666b.

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15

Werner, Wolfgang S. M., Martin Hronek, Michael Stöger Pollach, and Henryk Kalbe. "Characterisation of nanomaterials: XPS analysis of Core-Shell Nanoparticles." Journal of Surface Analysis 26, no. 2 (2019): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1384/jsa.26.102.

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16

O’Mullane, Anthony. "Realizing Solid Core/Liquid Shell Nanomaterials at Room Temperature." Matter 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2019.06.006.

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17

Feng, Hao-peng, Lin Tang, Guang-ming Zeng, Yaoyu Zhou, Yao-cheng Deng, Xiaoya Ren, Biao Song, Chao Liang, Meng-yun Wei, and Jiang-fang Yu. "Core-shell nanomaterials: Applications in energy storage and conversion." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 267 (May 2019): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2019.03.001.

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18

Guo, Qiang, Yongli Wan, Bingbing Hu, and Xitao Wang. "Carbon-nitride-based core–shell nanomaterials: synthesis and applications." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 29, no. 23 (October 8, 2018): 20280–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-0162-2.

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19

Shaktawat, Sarita, Kshitij RB Singh, Sushma Thapa, Ranjana Verma, Jay Singh, and Ravindra Pratap Singh. "Optical characteristics and biosensing application of core@shell nanomaterials." Materials Letters: X 17 (March 2023): 100187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mlblux.2023.100187.

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20

Sun, Zhipeng, and Ruiying Wang. "Editorial: Core–Shell Nanostructures for Energy Storage and Conversion." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030589.

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Owing to their special physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials with core–shell structures have been extensively synthesized and widely studied in the field of energy storage and conversion [...]

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21

Harish, Vancha, Devesh Tewari, Manish Gaur, Awadh Bihari Yadav, Shiv Swaroop, Mikhael Bechelany, and Ahmed Barhoum. "Review on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Materials: Bioimaging, Biosensing, Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, Antimicrobial, and Agro-Food Applications." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030457.

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In the last few decades, the vast potential of nanomaterials for biomedical and healthcare applications has been extensively investigated. Several case studies demonstrated that nanomaterials can offer solutions to the current challenges of raw materials in the biomedical and healthcare fields. This review describes the different nanoparticles and nanostructured material synthesis approaches and presents some emerging biomedical, healthcare, and agro-food applications. This review focuses on various nanomaterial types (e.g., spherical, nanorods, nanotubes, nanosheets, nanofibers, core-shell, and mesoporous) that can be synthesized from different raw materials and their emerging applications in bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, antimicrobial, and agro-foods. Depending on their morphology (e.g., size, aspect ratio, geometry, porosity), nanomaterials can be used as formulation modifiers, moisturizers, nanofillers, additives, membranes, and films. As toxicological assessment depends on sizes and morphologies, stringent regulation is needed from the testing of efficient nanomaterials dosages. The challenges and perspectives for an industrial breakthrough of nanomaterials are related to the optimization of production and processing conditions.

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22

Soleyman, R., A. Pourjavadi, N. Masoud, and A. Varamesh. "Core–Shell γ-Fe2O3/SiO2/PCA/Ag-NPs Hybrid Nanomaterials as a New Candidate for Future Cancer Therapy." International Journal of Nanoscience 13, no. 01 (February 2014): 1450008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x14500082.

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In the current study, γ- Fe 2 O 3/ SiO 2/ PCA / Ag -NPs hybrid nanomaterials were successfully synthesized and characterized. At first, prepared γ- Fe 2 O 3 core nanoparticles were modified by SiO 2 layer. Then they were covered by poly citric acid (PCA) via melting esterification method as well. PCA shell acts as an effective linker, and provides vacancies for conveying drugs. Moreover, this shell as an effective capping agent directs synthesis of silver nanoparticles ( Ag -NPs) via in situ photo-reduction of silver ions by sunlight-UV irradiation. This system has several benefits as a suitable cancer therapy nanomaterial. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can guide Ag -NPs and drugs to cancer cells and then Ag -NPs can affect those cells via Ag -NPs anti-angiogenesis effect. Size and structure of the prepared magnetic hybrid nanomaterials were characterized using FTIR and UV-Vis spectra, AFM and TEM pictures and XRD data.

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23

Ping, He Mei, Yuan Zhi Chen, De Qian Zeng, Rui Xu, Hui Zhang Guo, Lai Sen Wang, and Dong Liang Peng. "Preparation of Gold-Nickel Phosphide Core-Shell Nanoparticles via a Facile Solution Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 464 (November 2013): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.464.64.

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Core-shell nanomaterials have been one of the most attracting research targets in the field of nanoscience and technology due to the multiple functionalities contributed from different components. In this paper, we report a facile solution synthetic method for the preparation of gold-nickel phosphide core-shell nanoparticles that have a near-spherical morphology and a size of ~20 nm. Transmission electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses reveals a core-shell structure consisting of gold core and nickel phosphide shell. The optical absorption data show that the surface plasmon resonance band of gold in the visible range is greatly decreased by coating nickel phosphide shell. The result of magnetic measurement reveals that the as-prepared core-shell nanoparticles basically exhibit paramagnetic characteristics. The obtained gold-nickel phosphide core-shell nanoparticles can be applied in application fields such as catalysis.

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24

Li, Wei, Ahmed Elzatahry, Dhaifallah Aldhayan, and Dongyuan Zhao. "Core–shell structured titanium dioxide nanomaterials for solar energy utilization." Chemical Society Reviews 47, no. 22 (2018): 8203–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00443a.

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25

Gawande, Manoj B., Anandarup Goswami, Tewodros Asefa, Huizhang Guo, Ankush V. Biradar, Dong-Liang Peng, Radek Zboril, and Rajender S. Varma. "Core–shell nanoparticles: synthesis and applications in catalysis and electrocatalysis." Chemical Society Reviews 44, no. 21 (2015): 7540–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00343a.

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Core–shell nanomaterials with a broad range of catalytic and electrocatalytic applications are summarized for an array of organic transformations namely oxidation, reduction, oxygen storage, and coupling reactions.

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26

Wang, Feifan, Yanjie Huang, Zhigang Chai, Min Zeng, Qi Li, Yuan Wang, and Dongsheng Xu. "Photothermal-enhanced catalysis in core–shell plasmonic hierarchical Cu7S4microsphere@zeolitic imidazole framework-8." Chemical Science 7, no. 12 (2016): 6887–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sc03239g.

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27

Vergnat, Virginie, Benoît Heinrich, Michel Rawiso, René Muller, Geneviève Pourroy, and Patrick Masson. "Iron Oxide/Polymer Core–Shell Nanomaterials with Star-like Behavior." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092453.

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Embedding nanoparticles (NPs) with organic shells is a way to control their aggregation behavior. Using polymers allows reaching relatively high shell thicknesses but suffers from the difficulty of obtaining regular hybrid objects at gram scale. Here, we describe a three-step synthesis in which multi-gram NP batches are first obtained by thermal decomposition, prior to their covalent grafting by an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator and to the controlled growing of the polymer shell. Specifically, non-aggregated iron oxide NPs with a core principally composed of γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite) and either polystyrene (PS) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) shell were elaborated. The oxide cores of about 13 nm diameter were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). After the polymerization, the overall diameter reached 60 nm, as shown by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The behavior in solution as well as rheological properties in the molten state of the polymeric shell resemble those of star polymers. Strategies to further improve the screening of NP cores with the polymer shells are discussed.

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Liu, Hui, Yan Feng, and Jun Yang. "Core-Shell Au-Pt Nanoparticles and Nanodendrites for Methanol Oxidation Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 1142 (January 2017): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1142.234.

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Controlling the morphology of platinum (Pt)-based nanomaterials is an effective strategy to enhance their catalytic performance for a given reaction. Here we report the syntheses of bimetallic Au-Pt nanomaterials with spherical or dendritic morphologies by a seed-mediated growth method. In this route, the gold (Au) nanoparticles are firstly prepared as seeds in oleylamine, which are subsequently seeded the growth of regular or dendritic Pt shells at different Au/Pt molar ratios. The electrochemical measurements show that the core-shell Au-Pt nanodendrites have better catalytic activity than that of core-shell Au-Pt nanoparticles for methanol oxidation reaction due to their abundant atomic steps, edges, and corner atoms in the branched Pt shells.

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Wu, Wenling, Liuqing Yang, Suli Chen, Yanming Shao, Lingyun Jing, Guanghui Zhao, and Hua Wei. "Core–shell nanospherical polypyrrole/graphene oxide composites for high performance supercapacitors." RSC Advances 5, no. 111 (2015): 91645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra17036b.

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Xia, Zhonghong, and Shaojun Guo. "Strain engineering of metal-based nanomaterials for energy electrocatalysis." Chemical Society Reviews 48, no. 12 (2019): 3265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00846a.

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Liu, Yang, Shiqing Lu, and Haidong Yang. "One-step coating of Ni–Fe alloy outerwear on 1–3-dimensional nanomaterials by a novel technology." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 14 (2021): 6406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj05292b.

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Periasamy, Arun Prakash, Rini Ravindranath, Prathik Roy, Wen-Ping Wu, Huan-Tsung Chang, Pitchaimani Veerakumar, and Shang-Bin Liu. "Carbon–boron core–shell microspheres for the oxygen reduction reaction." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 33 (2016): 12987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta03684h.

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Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) with self-assembled carbon microspheres are prepared from red onion skins. The CNMs are further used to prepare carbon–boron core–shell CNMs, which provide high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).

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Ba, Zhaojing, Yuansuo Zheng, Min Hu, Lei Fu, Yida He, Jing Wang, and Zhenxi Zhang. "Tunable color emission based on the activator shell thickness of multilayer core–shell nanoparticles under double NIR excitation." CrystEngComm 21, no. 28 (2019): 4175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ce00708c.

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Rare earth luminescent nanomaterials are hot topic due to their unique fluorescence properties. Effective spectral regulation could be achieved by adjusting the coating thickness to affect the energy transfer process in core–shell structure.

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Sheng, Qinglin, Yu Shen, Jian Zhang, and Jianbin Zheng. "Ni doped Ag@C core–shell nanomaterials and their application in electrochemical H2O2 sensing." Analytical Methods 9, no. 1 (2017): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02196d.

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Kim, Junhee, Sanghoon Jung, Han-Jung Kim, Yoonkap Kim, Chanyong Lee, Soo Min Kim, Donghwan Kim, and Yongseok Jun. "SiNW/C@Pt Arrays for High-Efficiency Counter Electrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010139.

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Modern energy needs and the pressing issue of environmental sustainability have driven many research groups to focus on energy-generation devices made from novel nanomaterials. We have prepared platinum nanoparticle-decorated silicon nanowire/carbon core–shell nanomaterials (SiNW/C@Pt). The processing steps are relatively simple, including wet chemical etching to form the silicon nanowires (SiNWs), chemical vapor deposition to form the carbon shell, and drop-casting and thermal treatment to embed platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). This nanomaterial was then tested as the counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). SiNW/C@Pt shows potential as a good electrocatalyst based on material characterization data from Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Raman spectroscopy shows that the surface reactivity of the SiNW/C is increased by the decoration of Pt NPs. These data also show that the carbon shell included both graphitic (sp 2 hybridization) and defective (sp 3 hybridization) phases of carbon. We achieved the minimum charge-transfer resistance of 0.025 Ω · cm 2 and the maximum efficiency of 9.46% with a symmetric dummy cell and DSSC device fabricated from the SiNW/C@Pt CEs, respectively.

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Okeil, Sherif, Sandeep Yadav, Michael Bruns, Alexander Zintler, Leopoldo Molina-Luna, and Jörg J. Schneider. "Photothermal catalytic properties of layered titanium chalcogenide nanomaterials." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 4 (2020): 1032–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt03798e.

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Titanium chalcogenides are valuable candidates for visible light photocatalysis at high efficiency levels. TiS₂/TiO₂ core shell heterostructures are able to increase this efficiency by an effective quenching of the exiton recombination.

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Ou, Jun, Weihua Zheng, Zhiyin Xiao, Yuping Yan, Xiujuan Jiang, Yong Dou, Ran Jiang, and Xiaoming Liu. "Core–shell materials bearing iron(ii) carbonyl units and their CO-release via an upconversion process." J. Mater. Chem. B 5, no. 41 (2017): 8161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb01434a.

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A core–shell nanoplatform was constructed with upconversion nanomaterials onto which iron carbonyl units were chemically loaded. The materials with excellent biocompatibility release CO upon irradiation with a NIR laser.

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Zhong, Yu, Fengming Wang, Chuangming Liang, Zeyi Guan, Bingshang Lu, Xin He, and Weijia Yang. "ZnO@MoS2 Core–Shell Heterostructures Enabling Improved Photocatalytic Performance." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2022): 4996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104996.

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This work reports the fabrication of ZnO@MoS2 core–shell micro/nanomaterials and their photocatalytic performances. First, the ZnO@MoS2 core–shell micro/nanorods heterostructures were grown by a two-step, hydrothermal method. Second, X-ray diffraction, scanning-electron microscopy, Raman spectra, and UV-visible spectra were applied to confirm and characterize the ZnO@MoS2 core–shell micro/nanorods. Third, methylene blue was employed to investigate the photocatalytic performance of the ZnO@MoS2 core–shell micro/nanorods heterostructures. It was found that the shape of the MoS2 shell layer depended on the growth time. The shell layer was composed of MoS2 nanoparticles before the growth time of 6 h and then turned into MoS2 nanosheets. It was also found that the photocatalytic performance was significantly affected by the growth time of the MoS2 nanosheets. When the growth time of the MoS2 nanosheets was between 6 and 10 h, ZnO@MoS2 core–shell heterostructures grown for 6 h exhibited a best photocatalytic efficiency value of 69.24% after 3 h catalysis.

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Zhang, Bin, Xiaowei Zhao, Tianrui Dong, Aijuan Zhang, Xiao Zhang, Guang Han, and Xiaoyuan Zhou. "Structural Core-Shell beyond Chemical Homogeneity in Non-Stoichiometric Cu5FeS4 Nano-Icosahedrons: An in Situ Heating TEM Study." Nanomaterials 10, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10010004.

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Thermal stability of core-shell structured nanoparticles is of vital importance to their practical applications at elevated temperature. Understanding the evolution of chemical distribution and the crystal structure of core-shell nanostructures with temperature variation at the nanoscale will open the route for practical applications and property enhancement of nanoparticles through proper design of new nanomaterials. In this study, core-shell non-stoichiometric Cu5FeS4 icosahedral nanoparticles were investigated by in situ heating transmission electron microscopy. Compared to the high structural and compositional stability at room temperature, the interdiffusion of Cu and Fe atoms became significant, ending up with disappearance of chemical difference in the core and shell over 300 °C. In contrast, different crystal structures of the core and shell were preserved even after heating at 350 °C, indicating the high structural stability. The inconsistency between chemical composition and crystal structure should be ascribed to the interaction between the intrinsic strain existing in the icosahedrons and various structures of this material system. In other words, the geometrically intrinsic strain of the nano-icosahedrons is helpful to modulate/maintain the core-shell structure. These findings open new opportunities for revealing the thermal stability of core-shell nanostructures for various applications and are helpful for the controllable design of new core-shell nanostructures.

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Zhang, Zhen, Xiao-Lian Zhang, and Bin Li. "Mesoporous Silica-Coated Upconverting Nanorods for Singlet Oxygen Generation: Synthesis and Performance." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 3660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133660.

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been reported as a possible pathway for the treatment of tumors. The exploration for promising PDT systems thus attracts continuous research efforts. This work focused on an ordered core–shell structure encapsulated by mesoporous SiO2 with the upconverting emission property following a surfactant-assisted sol–gel technique. The mesoporous silica shell possessed a high surface area-to-volume ratio and uniform distribution in pore size, favoring photosensitizer (rose bengal) loading. Simultaneously, upconverting nanocrystals were synthesized and used as the core. After modification via hydrophobic silica, the hydrophobic upconverting nanocrystals became hydrophilic ones. Under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the nanomaterials exhibited strong green upconverting luminescence so that rose bengal could be excited to produce singlet oxygen. The photodynamic therapy (PDT) feature was evaluated using a 1O2 fluorescent indicator. It was found that this core–shell structure generates 1O2 efficiently. The novelty of this core–shell structure was the combination of upconverting nanocrystals with a mesoporous SiO2 shell so that photosensitizer rose bengal could be effectively adsorbed in the SiO2 shell and then excited by the upconverting core.

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Knežević, Nikola Ž., and Jean-Olivier Durand. "Large pore mesoporous silica nanomaterials for application in delivery of biomolecules." Nanoscale 7, no. 6 (2015): 2199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr06114d.

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42

Dhawan, Udesh, Ching-Li Tseng, Huey-Yuan Wang, Shin-Yun Hsu, Meng-Tsan Tsai, and Ren-Jei Chung. "Assessing Suitability of Co@Au Core/Shell Nanoparticle Geometry for Improved Theranostics in Colon Carcinoma." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082048.

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The interactions between cells and nanomaterials at the nanoscale play a pivotal role in controlling cellular behavior and ample evidence links cell intercommunication to nanomaterial size. However, little is known about the effect of nanomaterial geometry on cell behavior. To elucidate this and to extend the application in cancer theranostics, we have engineered core–shell cobalt–gold nanoparticles with spherical (Co@Au NPs) and elliptical morphology (Co@Au NEs). Our results show that owing to superparamagnetism, Co@Au NPs can generate hyperthermia upon magnetic field stimulation. In contrast, due to the geometric difference, Co@Au NEs can be optically excited to generate hyperthermia upon photostimulation and elevate the medium temperature to 45 °C. Both nanomaterial geometries can be employed as prospective contrast agents; however, at identical concentration, Co@Au NPs exhibited 4-fold higher cytotoxicity to L929 fibroblasts as compared to Co@Au NEs, confirming the effect of nanomaterial geometry on cell fate. Furthermore, photostimulation-generated hyperthermia prompted detachment of anti-cancer drug, Methotrexate (MTX), from Co@Au NEs-MTX complex and which triggered 90% decrease in SW620 colon carcinoma cell viability, confirming their application in cancer theranostics. The geometry-based perturbation of cell fate can have a profound impact on our understanding of interactions at nano-bio interface which can be exploited for engineering materials with optimized geometries for superior theranostic applications.

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Kaur, Gagandeep, Swati Tanwar, Vishaldeep Kaur, Rathindranath Biswas, Sangeeta Saini, Krishna Kanta Haldar, and Tapasi Sen. "Interfacial design of gold/silver core–shell nanostars for plasmon-enhanced photocatalytic coupling of 4-aminothiophenol." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 42 (2021): 15284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc03733a.

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An interfacial designing procedure is presented for the fabrication of bimetallic hybrid nanomaterials to serve as highly efficient SERS substrate and plasmon driven catalyst for dimerization reaction of PATP utilizing Au/Ag core–shell nanostars.

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Wang, Yixuan, Hao Liu, Min Wu, Kai Wang, Yongming Sui, Zhaodong Liu, Siyu Lu, et al. "New-phase retention in colloidal core/shell nanocrystals via pressure-modulated phase engineering." Chemical Science 12, no. 19 (2021): 6580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc00498k.

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Core/shell MnSe/MnS nanocrystals with the B31 phase are thermodynamically stable under high pressure and can survive under ambient conditions owing to the synergistic effect of subtle enthalpy differences and high surface energy in nanomaterials.

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Khan, Shahid Ali, Sher Bahadar Khan, and Abdullah M. Asiri. "Core–shell cobalt oxide mesoporous silica based efficient electro-catalyst for oxygen evolution." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 7 (2015): 5561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj00521c.

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Reaz, Mahmud, Ariful Haque, and Kartik Ghosh. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Optimization of Magnetoelectric BaTiO3–Iron Oxide Core–Shell Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030563.

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Improvement of magnetic, electronic, optical, and catalytic properties in cutting-edge technologies including drug delivery, energy storage, magnetic transistor, and spintronics requires novel nanomaterials. This article discusses the unique, clean, and homogeneous physiochemical synthesis of BaTiO3/iron oxide core–shell nanoparticles with interfaces between ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy displayed the distinguished disparity between the core and shell of the synthesized nanoparticles. Elemental mapping and line scan confirmed the formation of the core–shell structure. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detected the surface iron oxide phase as maghemite. Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffraction data labeled the crystallinity and phase purity. This study provides a promising platform for the desirable property development of the futuristic multifunctional nanodevices.

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Khunrugsa, Chirayu, and Montree Sawangphruk. "Enhancing Cycling Stability of NMC811 Li-Ion Batteries By Encapsulating with Nanomaterials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012302mtgabs.

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Li(Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1)O2 (NMC811) cathode material for Li-ion battery has been considered as a next-generation of the lithium-ion battery, used for advanced applications such as electric vehicles. Although it has a high specific capacity, the major drawbacks of this material result in the obstacle of commercialization. In this work, the composite materials of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon black (CB), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were coated on the surface of the NMC811 particle by mechano-fusion technique, forming the core@shell structure to protect the morphological instability, as well as the electrolyte decomposition. Also, the shell elevates the Li-ion diffusion and ionic conductivity. Moreover, we firstly reported the fined-tune step formation protocol of cylindrical cell type lithium-ion battery (18650). As a result, the core@shell cathode with the step formation of 3.0-4.0V CC-charge/CCCV-discharge condition can deliver the capacity retention over 90% after 400 cycles at 1C (3.0-4.2V).

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Zhang, Xiao Li, Young Hwan Kim, and Young Soo Kang. "Synthesis and Properties of TiO₂/ZnO Core/Shell Nanomaterials." Solid State Phenomena 119 (January 2007): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.119.239.

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Core/shell structured TiO2/ZnO was synthesized in a basic aqueous solution through a simple hydrolyzing method. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy of the initial TiO2/ZnO powder showed diffraction peaks corresponding to the ZnO and TiO2 phase. The structure and thickness of ZnO shell (about 2.5 nm) coated TiO2 surface as thin layers or nanoclusters, depends upon the reactant concentration and the reaction time. The characteristics of the optical absorption were described by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy.

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Liu, Tong, Jingyi Fu, Dongxia Gou, Yanbo Hu, Qilong Tang, Jun Zhao, and Xiaohong Li. "Chitosan-Derived Magnetic Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Nitrite Adsorption in Water." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (August 18, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6420341.

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Nitrite is one of the main pollutants in the water worldwide. In this study, we have applied the reverse suspension crosslinking methodology based on chitosan (CS) and Fe3O4 (FeO) to synthesize the novel magnetic nanomaterial of chitosan (CS-FeO). The physical and chemical properties of CS-FeO were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, particle size distribution, thermogravimetry, fluxgate magnetometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Results revealed that CS-FeO showed high thermal stability in the temperature ranging from 50 to 200°C. CS-FeO showed high crystallinity and magnetism and was easily and quickly separated from aqueous solution in the presence of an external magnetic field. The molecular structure of CS-FeO showed that the core-shell structure of CS-FeO was established with FeO as the core and CS as the shell. Furthermore, the adsorption rate of nitrite by CS-FeO reached 65.83 ± 0.76 % under optimal conditions. Moreover, CS-FeO showed high regeneration capability with Na2SO4 used as the eluent. Our study demonstrated evidently that CS-FeO can be potentially used to remove nitrite from drinking water sources and industrial wastewater, suggesting the promising future of the application of CS-derived magnetic nanomaterials in the areas of environmental protections.

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Lee, Jong-tak, and Jae-Young Bae. "Synthesis and Characteristics of Double-Shell Mesoporous Hollow Silica Nanomaterials to Improve CO2 Adsorption Performance." Micromachines 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12111424.

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To improve the adsorption performance of carbon dioxide, which is considered the main culprit of greenhouse gases, the specific surface area and high pore volume of the adsorbing material should be considered. For a porous material, the performance of carbon dioxide adsorption is determined by the amine groups supporting capacity; the larger the pore volume, the greater the capacity to support the amine groups. In this study, a double-shell mesoporous hollow silica nanomaterial with excellent pore volume and therefore increased amine support capacity was synthesized. A core–shell structure capable of having a hollow shape was synthesized using polystyrene as a core material, and a double-shell mesoporous shape was synthesized by sequentially using two types of surfactants. The synthesized material was subjected to a sintering process of 600 degrees, and the N2 sorption analysis confirmed a specific surface area of 690 m2/g and a pore volume of 1.012 cm3/g. Thereafter, the amine compound was impregnated into the silica nanomaterial, and then, a carbon dioxide adsorption experiment was conducted, which confirmed that compared to the mesoporous hollow silica nanomaterial synthesized as a single shell, the adsorption performance was improved by about 1.36 times.

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