Academic literature on the topic 'Corb noir'
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Journal articles on the topic "Corb noir"
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Perault, Sylvie. "Danseuse(s) noire(s) au music-hall la permanence d'un stéréotype." Corps 3, no. 2 (2007): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/corp.003.0065.
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Seftiono, Hermawan, and Desi Puspitasari. "ANALISIS ORGANOLEPTIK DAN KADAR SERAT NORI ANALOG DAUN KOLESOM (Talinum Triangulare (Jacq.) Willd)." JURNAL BIOINDUSTRI 2, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31326/jbio.v2i1.494.
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Nori is a food product from seaweed in the form of sheet. Seaweed is usually consumed as snacks or used as a coating material for sushi products. The purpose of this study was to determine the best formulation of nori analogue made from water leaf through hedonic test and analyze the fiber content in nori analogue. The reason of using water leaf as an analogue raw material is beacuse it contains flavonoid compounds, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins that have function as antioxidants. Making nori analogue is being done by utilizing water leaf and hydrocolloids in the form of corn starch, potato starch, or sago as thickener, which is then added by glycerin and lecithin. After the gelatine is formed, the dough of the edible film is dried. The two final formulation, namely F4 and F6, are picked out of nine formulations through the hedonic test. The composition of F4 is 85 g of water leaf components and 15 g of corn starch, meanwhile the composition of F6 is 85 g of water leaf components and 15 g of sago. Water leaf plays a big role in donating dietary fiber content to nori analogue. Total fiber content from nori analogue for formulation F4 was 7.05% and F6 was 7.99%, meanwhile the highest crude fiber content was obtained from formulation F4 by 3.26% and F6 by 3.11%. Keywords: food fiber, gelatinization, hedonic test, hydrocolloid
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Büsch, Andrea, Anne Pohlmann, Bärbel Friedrich, and Rainer Cramm. "A DNA Region Recognized by the Nitric Oxide-Responsive Transcriptional Activator NorR Is Conserved in β- and γ-Proteobacteria." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 23 (December 1, 2004): 7980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.23.7980-7987.2004.
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ABSTRACT The σ54-dependent regulator NorR activates transcription of target genes in response to nitric oxide (NO) or NO-generating agents. In Ralstonia eutropha H16, NorR activates transcription of the dicistronic norAB operon that encodes NorA, a protein of unknown function, and NorB, a nitric oxide reductase. A constitutively activating NorR derivative (NorR′), in which the N-terminal signaling domain was replaced by MalE, specifically bound to the norAB upstream region as revealed by gel retardation analysis. Within a 73-bp DNA segment protected by MalE-NorR′ in a DNase I footprint assay, three conserved inverted repeats, GGT-(N7)-ACC (where N is any base), that we consider to be NorR-binding boxes were identified. Mutations altering the spacing or the base sequence of these repeats resulted in an 80 to 90% decrease of transcriptional activation by wild-type NorR. Genome database analyses demonstrate that the GT-(N7)-AC core of the inverted repeat is found in several proteobacteria upstream of gene loci encoding proteins of nitric oxide metabolism, including nitric oxide reductase (NorB), flavorubredoxin (NorV), NO dioxygenase (Hmp), and hybrid cluster protein (Hcp).
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Sugawara, Masayuki, and Michael J. Sadowsky. "Enhanced Nodulation and Nodule Development by nolR Mutants of Sinorhizobium medicae on Specific Medicago Host Genotypes." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 27, no. 4 (April 2014): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-10-13-0312-r.
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The nolR gene encodes a negatively acting, transcriptional regulatory protein of core Nod-factor biosynthetic genes in the sinorhizobia. Although previous reports showed that nolR modulates Nod-factor production and enhances nodulation speed of Sinorhizobium meliloti on alfalfa, there have been no reports for the symbiotic function of this gene in the S. medicae–Medicago truncatula symbiosis. Here, we constructed an nolR mutant of S. medicae WSM419 and evaluated mutant and wild-type strains for their nodulation ability, competitiveness, host specificity, and density-dependent nodulation phenotypes. When the mutant was inoculated at low and medium population densities, it showed enhanced nodule formation during the initial stages of nodulation. Results of quantitative competitive nodulation assays indicated that an nolR mutant had 2.3-fold greater competitiveness for nodulation on M. truncatula ‘A17’ than did the wild-type strain. Moreover, the nodulation phenotype of the nolR mutant differed among Medicago genotypes and showed significantly enhanced nodule development on M. tricycla. Taken together, these results indicated that mutation of nolR in S. medicae positively influenced nodule initiation, competitive nodulation, and nodule development at later nodulation stages. This may allow nolR mutants of S. medicae to have a selective advantage under field conditions.
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Graham, Patrick. "Spinal Cord Tumor." Orthopaedic Nursing 41, no. 1 (January 2022): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nor.0000000000000825.
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Davis, Jack. "Engage Your Core." Orthopaedic Nursing 38, no. 3 (2019): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nor.0000000000000565.
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Davis, Jack. "Engage Your Core." Orthopaedic Nursing 38, no. 4 (2019): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nor.0000000000000586.
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Davis, Jack. "Engage Your Core." Orthopaedic Nursing 38, no. 5 (2019): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nor.0000000000000605.
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Davis, Jack. "Engage Your Core." Orthopaedic Nursing 38, no. 6 (2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nor.0000000000000618.
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Davis, Jack. "Engage Your Core." Orthopaedic Nursing 39, no. 1 (2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nor.0000000000000632.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Corb noir"
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Brazo, Alan. "Caractérisation de la distribution spatiale et temporelle d'une espèce vulnérable, Sciaena umbra, au sein d'une aire marine protégée en vue de sa conservation : apport de la télémétrie acoustique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PERP0006.
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Ce travail de thèse apporte des connaissances fondamentales sur les schémas de déplacement d'une espèce vulnérable, le corb. Pour ce faire, 20 individus ont été suivis par télémétrie acoustique au sein d'une aire marine protégée (AMP) pendant 3 ans.Nos résultats suggèrent une grande fidélité au site avec des domaines vitaux relativement petits, ce qui implique que cette AMP (bien que petite) est suffisamment grande pour fournir une protection efficace aux populations de corb. Cependant, des déplacements ont été observés, mettant en évidence la capacité de cette espèce à se déplacer. Ils semblent être associés au comportement reproducteur pendant les mois chauds et à l'activité trophique (alimentation) pendant les mois plus froids. Ces déplacements sont essentiels pour le rétablissement des populations de corbeille en dehors des AMP. Le renforcement des mesures de protection (moratoire, création et/ou extension d'AMP) semble indispensable pour assurer la recolonisation de nouveaux sitesThis thesis work provides fundamental knowledge on the movement patterns of a vulnerable species, the brown meager. To do this, 20 individuals were tracked by acoustic telemetry within a marine protected area (MPA) for 3 years.Our results suggest high site fidelity with relatively small home ranges implying that this MPA (although small) is large enough to provide effective protection for brown meager populations. However, movements have been observed, highlighting the ability of this species to move. They appear to be associated with reproductive behavior during warm months and feeding (feeding) activity during cooler months. These movements are essential for the recovery of brown meager populations outside MPAs. The strengthening of protective measures (moratorium, creation and/or extension of MPAs) seems essential to ensure the recolonization of new sites
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Boldrini, Pierre. "The cusp-core problem in dwarf galaxies : new solutions." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS082.
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Cette thèse porte sur la nature de la matière noire (MN) et plus particulièrement sur le problème de la disparité des profils de densité interne de MN dans les galaxies naines, le problème « cusp-core". Nous avons commencé par réétudier ce problème pour la galaxie naine, Fornax, en utilisant la distribution spatiale et de masse des amas globulaires observée afin de contraindre le profil de MN. Ensuite, nous avons démontré avec des simulations N-corps que les minihalos de MN, en tant que nouvelle composante des amas globulaires, résolvent à la fois le "timing problem" et le problème "cusp-core" dans Fornax — dans le cas où les amas globulaires ont été récemment accrétés. Par ailleurs, nous avons examinés si les candidats de MN sous la forme de trous noirs primordiaux (TNP) peuvent résoudre ce problème dans les galaxies de faible masse. Ce mécanisme fonctionne pour les TNPs entre 25 et 100 Msol mais nécessite que la masse de la population de TNPs soit plus de 1% de la masse totale de MN dans les galaxies naines. Ensuite, nous avons démontré qu'en transférant de l’énergie par friction dynamique dans le centre des galaxies naines, le trou noir central est éjecté à des dizaines de parsecs. Enfin, nous démontrons que l'accrétion d'un satellite sur une orbite très excentrique provoque la formation d'un coeur de MN et explique également que le trou noir central soit décentré dans M31This doctoral research focuses on the nature of the dark matter (DM) and more particularly on the inconsistency of inner DM density profiles in dwarf galaxies, the cusp-core problem. We have found new resolutions of this cold DM challenge at small scales using high resolution fully GPU N-body simulations. First, we have re-investigated the Fornax cusp-core problem using observational results on the spatial and mass distributions of globular clusters in order to put constraints on the DM profile. Then, N-body simulations were designed to demonstrate that DM minihalos, as a new component of globular clusters, resolve both the timing and cusp-core problems in Fornax if the globular clusters were recently accreted. Secondly, we have examined whether DM candidates in the form of PBHs can solve the cusp-core problem in low-mass galaxies. This mechanism works for PBHs in the 25-100 Msol mass window but requires a lower limit on the PBH mass fraction of 1% of the total dwarf galaxy DM content. Then, we have demonstrated that subhalos sink and transfer energy via dynamical friction into the centres of dwarf galaxies. This dynamical heating kicks any central intermediate massive BH out to tens of parsecs. Finally, we demonstrate that accretion of a satellite on a highly eccentric orbit causes the formation a DM core and naturally explains a present BH offset by sub-parsecs in M31
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Collombon, Mathieu. "Résonance noire à trois photons sur un nuage d'ions calcium confinés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0017.
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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse décrivent l’ensemble de la démarche expérimentale qui a été mise en place afin d’observer un piégeage cohérent de population à trois photons sur un nuage d’ions calcium confinés en piège radio-fréquence. La réalisation d’un tel processus cohérent repose sur des contraintes expérimentales fortes concernant la relation de phase entre les trois lasers impliqués dans le processus d’interrogation ainsi que sur leurs finesses spectrales. Notre approche est basée sur l’optimisation des performances d’un laser stabilisé à 411 THz (729 nm) pour atteindre une stabilité de fréquence relative inférieure à 10⁻¹⁴ à 1 s. Ces performances ont ensuite été transférées vers un peigne de fréquence optique. Le comportement de cet instrument ainsi que les performances du transfert sont présentés dans ces travaux. Le peigne est alors utilisé comme oscillateur de transfert pour asservir les deux autres lasers impliqués dans l’interrogation des ions (866 nm et 794 nm). Grâce à ce travail sur la mise en relation des trois sources laser, ainsi que l’optimisation de leur qualités spectrales nous avons pu observer les premières résonances noires à trois photons dans le spectre de fluorescence des ions 40 Ca⁺. Ces résultats originaux ainsi que les premières études systématiques du comportement de la résonance en fonction de différents paramètres expérimentaux sont présentés. L’analyse de ces résultats a permis de définir clairement les conditions expérimentales à respecter pour une potentielle utilisation métrologique de cette résonance qui émane d’une superposition cohérente d’état stable ou métastableThe work presented in this thesis describes the complete experimental set-up and approach to realize three-photon coherent population trapping in a cloud of radiofrequency confined calcium ions. The realization of such a population trapping relies on a stringent conditions of the phase relationship between the three lasers involved in the interrogation process, and also their spectral linewidths. Our experimental approach is based on the optimization of the performance of a frequency-stabilized titanium-sapphirelaser at 411 THz (729nm) at the 10⁻¹⁴ level, in term of relative frequency uncertainties. This laser’s fre-quency stability is subsequently transfered to a optical frequency comb by means of a phase-locked loop. Then the two other lasers involved (866 nm and 794 nm) are phase-locked to the optical frequency combwith the same technique. This work describes the transfer method along with its measured performances. With all the three lasers sharing the same ultra-stable frequency reference we have been able to experi-mentally observe for the first time a 3-photon dark resonance in the fluorescence spectra of the 40 Ca⁺, signature of a coherent population trapping in a 3-photon scheme. The dependence of this resonance at experimental parameters, such as laser powers, laser detunings and local magnetic field, have been studied and are presented in this work. The preliminary results have allowed to explain the behaviour of the dark resonance and explored conditions for the use of the 3-photon dark line as a THz frequency standard
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Bernard, Anthony. "Étude des ressources génétiques du noyer en vue de la mise en œuvre d'une sélection assistée par marqueurs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0128.
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Les présents travaux réalisés sur le noyer ont consisté en l’exploitation des riches ressources génétiques disponibles à l’INRAE de Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Bordeaux, afin d’apporter les outils qui pourront être utilisés dans un nouveau programme de création variétale mené par le CTIFL, centre opérationnel de Lanxade. En effet, au regard du développement économique important de la noix, le choix variétal en France ne semble pas suffisant pour répondre aux futures nouvelles contraintes telles que la concurrence mondiale et le changement climatique. Le travail de prospection que l’on doit principalement à l’équipe d’Éric Germain a permis de rassembler sur l’UEA de Toulenne la majeure partie des espèces du genre Juglans et de nombreuses accessions de noyer cultivé, Juglans regia L. L’exploitation de ses archives accumulées pendant 30 ans a permis de rendre publiques d’importantes données chronologiques de phénotypage concernant cette collection. Ces données ont permis de montrer l’avancée de la phénologie des deux variétés témoins ‘Lara’ and ‘Franquette’, en lien avec le changement climatique. Grâce à un ensemble de 13 marqueurs SSR, des allèles spécifiques aux espèces Juglans ont été identifiés et la structure de la collection a été étudiée. Cette structure montre deux sous-groupes principaux, l’un comprenant des accessions d’Europe de l’est et d’Asie et l’autre, d’Europe de l’ouest et des Etat-Unis. Aussi, une core collection a été définie pour réaliser des études de GWAS sur les principaux caractères d’intérêt agronomique, de la fleur au fruit, grâce à l’utilisation d’une puce de 600 000 SNP mise au point par l’Université de Davis en Californie. Des associations entre des SNP et plusieurs caractères liés à la phénologie ont été mises en évidence, grâce aux données des archives et à celles nouvellement acquises. Un SNP fortement lié à la date de débourrement des feuilles et fleurs femelles a été identifié sur le chromosome 1 et co-localise avec un QTL détecté en parallèle sur une descendance F1. Un marqueur de type KASP a été validé avec du matériel végétal de l’Université de Davis. D’autres associations ont également été identifiées pour le type de dichogamie et de fructification, caractère intervenant directement sur le rendement, et ont mené à la définition de gènes candidats. D’autres analyses GWAS ont été conduites sur les caractères liés au fruit, comme la taille de la noix, son poids, le rendement au cassage et la force nécessaire pour rompre la coque. En parallèle, des méthodes utilisant des techniques de phénotypage robustes ont été développées, comme l’utilisation de la microtomographie à rayons X pour mesurer tous les caractères morphologiques, sans casser la noix. Enfin, un travail de comparaison de l’efficacité des deux types de marqueurs utilisés dans ces travaux, SSR et SNP, a été mené. Les résultats montrent que les 13 marqueurs SSR donnent des résultats similaires à plusieurs milliers de SNP en ce qui concerne les étapes de détermination de structure et de construction de core collections, incontournables dans le management des ressources génétiques. A terme, les résultats de ces travaux permettront d’initier une sélection assistée par marqueurs pour la création de nouvelles variétés, dans le cadre d’un nouveau programme d’amélioration qui sera mené par le CTIFL. Ces nouvelles variétés seront aptes à répondre aux critères recherchés dans les années à venir, prenant en compte le changement climatiqueThe present work carried out on walnut consisted in exploiting the rich genetic resources available at the INRAE of Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Bordeaux, in order to provide the tools that can be used in a new breeding program conducted by the CTIFL, centre opérationnel de Lanxade. In fact, in view of the walnut's significant economic development, the choice of varieties in France does not seem to be sufficient to meet future new constraints such as global competition and climate change. The prospecting work carried out mainly by Éric Germain's team has made it possible to gather most of the species of the genus Juglans and numerous accessions of cultivated walnut, Juglans regia L, at the UEA of Toulenne. The use of his archives accumulated over 30 years permitted to make public important chronological phenotyping data concerning this collection. These data showed the advance of the phenology of the two control varieties 'Lara' and 'Franquette' in relation to climate change. Using a set of 13 SSR markers, alleles specific to Juglans species were identified and the structure of the collection was studied. This structure shows two main subgroups, one comprising accessions from Eastern Europe and Asia and the other from Western Europe and the USA. Also, a core collection was defined to carry out GWAS studies on the main traits of agronomic interest, from flower to fruit, using a 600,000 SNP chip developed by the University of Davis in California. Associations between SNPs and several phenology-related traits were identified using archives and newly acquired data. A SNP strongly related to the budbreak date of leaves and female flowers was identified on chromosome 1 and co-localized with a QTL detected in parallel on a F1 progeny. A KASP marker was validated with plant material from the University of Davis. Other associations were also identified for dichogamy and bearing habit, a trait directly affecting yield, and led to the definition of candidate genes. Further GWAS analyses were conducted on fruit-related traits such as nut size, weight, breaking yield and force required to break the shell. In parallel, methods using robust phenotyping techniques have been developed, such as the use of X-ray microtomography to measure all morphological traits without breaking the nut. Finally, work was carried out to compare the efficiency of the two types of markers used in this work, SSR and SNP. The results show that the 13 SSR markers give similar results to several thousands of SNPs with regard to structure determination and construction of core collections, which are essential in the management of genetic resources. In the long term, the results of this work will make it possible to initiate marker-assisted selection for the creation of new varieties, within the framework of a new improvement program to be carried out by the CTIFL. These new varieties will be able to meet the criteria sought in the coming years, taking into account climate change
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Vignassa, Manon. "Tache noire de l'ananas : déterminisme du processus infectieux par approches moléculaire et biochimique." Thesis, La Réunion, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LARE0013.
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Les cultures d’ananas de la Réunion sont soumises à une forte pression parasitaire favorisée par le climat subtropical de l’île. La maladie de la tache noire est causée par un cortège de champignons filamenteux dont Fusarium ananatum est l’espèce la plus décrite à ce jour. Le développement de taches noires dans les fruits matures constitue une problématique majeure de par son impact sur la qualité de l’ananas ‘Queen Victoria’ présentant une forte sensibilité à cette pathologie. La gestion des épisodes épidémiques repose actuellement sur des méthodes associant des pratiques culturales adaptées et l’utilisation de fongicides. Toutefois, ces stratégies s’avèrent infructueuses pour des conditions climatiques fortement favorables au développement et à la dispersion des agents pathogènes. L’accumulation de mycotoxines au sein des tissus infectés représente également une préoccupation d’envergure dans la préservation de la sécurité sanitaire des productions d’ananas. Dans l’objectif de développer de nouveaux leviers de résistance plus durables, des recherches visant à caractériser les déterminants de la sensibilité de l’ananas ‘Queen Victoria’ ont été menées sur chaque composante du pathosystème. Une approche épidémiologique a permis d’établir que l’occurrence de la tache noire est positivement corrélée à une contamination résultant d’une dispersion aérienne des spores d’espèces pathogènes. De plus, la prédominance d’espèces fongiques appartenant aux complexes Fusarium fujikuroi et Talaromyces purpureogenus au sein du mycobiome du fruit a démontré l’implication d’un cortège pathogène constitué de Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium ananatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sacchari, Talaromyces stollii et Talaromyces amestolkiae dans l’expression de cette pathologie. L’étude in vitro des profils d’interaction entre quatre de ces espèces a mis en évidence le pouvoir antagoniste de T. stollii sur la croissance des espèces pathogènes de Fusarium. D’importantes variations dans les concentrations en mycotoxines (fumonisines B1, B2 et beauvericine) ont également été mesurées au cours de confrontations entre les pathogènes. Enfin, l’analyse par comparaison variétale des voies de signalisation moléculaire conditionnant les réponses de défense précoces montre que la sensibilité du cultivar ‘Queen Victoria’ est en partie imputable à une faible expression constitutive des gènes impliqués dans la synthèse de protéines PR. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent la mise en œuvre d’une stratégie fongique basée sur la répression des signaux de défenses transduits chez l’ananas au cours des 72 premières heures de l’interaction hôte – pathogène menant à l’établissement de la maladieIn Reunion Island, pineapple crops are exposed to high parasitic pressure promoted by the subtropical climate of the island. The Fruitlet Core Rot (FCR) disease is caused by a set of fungal pathogenic species in which Fusarium ananatum has been the most described so far. The development of brown discoloration in mature fruits represents a major issue affecting notably the quality of the ‘Queen Victoria’ pineapple cultivar due to its high susceptibility to FCR. Until now, the management of epidemics lies on the combination of suitable agricultural practices and the use of fungicide treatments. Nevertheless, these strategies are unsuccessful in the presence of climatic conditions that favor the development and dispersion of causalagents. Mycotoxins accumulation in the flesh of infected fruits is also of concern in the preservation of sanitary quality of fruit productions. In order to develop novel alternatives for sustainable sources of FCR resistance, my research work focused on the determinants of ‘Queen Victoria’ pineapple susceptibility. An epidemiological approach permitted to establish that Fruitlet Core Rot occurrence ispositively correlated to contamination patterns resulting from aerial dispersion of the pathogen spores. Moreover, the prevalence of fungal species belonging to the complexes Fusarium fujikuroi and Talaromyces purpureogenus within the fruit mycobiome have demonstrated the role of a pathogenic fungal set composed of Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium ananatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sacchari, Talaromyces stollii and Talaromyces amestolkiae in the disease expression. The in vitro study of interaction profiles between four of those species have evidenced the growth antagonism of T. stollii on the pathogenic Fusarium species. Significant variations of mycotoxin contents (fumonisins B1, B2 and beauvericin) were also measured during dual culture of pathogens. Finally, the analysis based on varietal comparison of the molecular signal promoting early defense responses show that susceptibility of ‘Queen Victoria’ cultivar is partly supported by a low constitutive expression of genes involved in the synthesis of PR proteins. The results suggest a fungal strategy based on the repression of defense signal transduction in pineapple during the first 72 hours of the host - pathogen interaction leading to the disease establishment
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Méjean, Chloé. "Élaboration de nouveaux matériaux absorbants : application en chambres anéchoïques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S153.
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Ces travaux de thèse ont porté sur l’étude de nouveaux matériaux pour l’absorption électromagnétique en chambre anéchoïque. Ce sujet a été imaginé à partir de l’étude d’une nouvelle matrice jusqu’alors jamais utilisée pour les absorbants électromagnétiques : la mousse époxy. Cette dernière présente en effet de nombreux avantages par rapport aux matrices habituellement utilisées dans le commerce : possibilité de réaliser des formes complexes, piégeage de la charge au cœur du matériau… Nous avons associé cette matrice avec différentes charges carbonées (noir de carbone, graphite et des fibres longues de carbone). L’association de la mousse époxy avec des fibres de carbone millimétriques a montré d’excellentes performances d’absorption pour un taux de charge très faibles : 0,5 %wt (S11 ≈ -40 dB entre 4 et 18 GHz en incidences normale et oblique). En variant la longueur des fibres de carbone, nous avons mis en évidence qu’il était possible d’améliorer les performances d’absorption en basses fréquences en utilisant des fibres plus longues. Enfin, nous avons dirigé nos recherches sur la réalisation d’un matériau absorbant ‘Vert’ à partir d’une matrice de liège. Ces nouveaux matériaux, réalisés à partir de matières biosourcées, ont montré de meilleures performances d’absorption qu’un absorbant du commerce de mêmes dimensions en incidence normale (S11 = -53 dB et S11 = - 27 dB respectivement à 4,2 GHz) et en incidence oblique (S11 = -50 dB et S11 = -30 dB respectivement à 4,2 GHz) et constituent donc des candidats potentiels pour le remplacement des matériaux absorbants du commerce actuelsThis thesis work focused on the study of new materials for electromagnetic absorption in anechoic chambers. This subject arose from the study of a new matrix which was never used for electromagnetic absorbers until then: the epoxy foam. This foam has many advantages compared to the matrices usually used in the trade like the possibility of cutting complex shapes out of them or trapping the charge in the core of the absorber...This matrix was associated to different carbonaceous load (carbon black, graphite and carbon fibers). The combination of epoxy foam with millimeter carbon fibers has shown better absorption performance at very low loading rates: 0.5 %wt (S11 ≈ -40 dB between 4 and 18 GHz under normal and oblique incidences). The use of different fiber lengths showed that it is possible to improve absorption performance at low frequencies using long carbon fibers. Finally, we directed our work on the creation of an absorbent material from a cork matrix. These new materials, made from bio-based materials, have shown better absorption performance than a commercial absorber, with the same dimensions in normal incidence (S11 = -54 dB and S11 = - 27 dB respectively at 4.26 GHz) and oblique incidence (S11 = -51 dB and S11 = -30 dB respectively at 4.26 GHz) and are therefore potential candidates for the replacement of existing commercial absorbent materials
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Silva, Júnior Raimundo Nonato. "A COR NA UNIVERSIDADE: um estudo sobre identidade étnica e racial de professores/as negros/as da Universidade Federal do Maranhão no Campus do Bacanga." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2011. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/211.
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Previous issue date: 2011-12-20FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO
Cet étude s‟agit de la question ethnique et de race des professeurs noirs et ses pratiques quotidiennes dans le contexte universitaire. Son but est d‟analyser la question de l‟identité ethnique-race, particulièrement la noire, discutant les processus de construction de l‟actuel cadre de professeurs de l‟Université Fédéral du Maranhão / UFMA. Dans l‟organisation du texte, on décrit sur le noir dans la société brésilienne et sa trajectoire historique dans de différents moments dans les relations sociales et de race. Ensuite, on réfléchi sur le processus de construction des identités de professeurs universitaires. Pour appuyer cet étude, on s‟est servi de ses bibliographies Carvalho (2002); Munanga (1996); Ribeiro (2004) Segato (2006) Santos (2004), Bachelard. (1996), Certeau (1994), Le Goff (1994) Hall (2005) e Castells (1999), d‟entre autres. Les sujets sélectionnés pour l‟étude ont été 08 professeurs de l‟Université Fédéral du Maranhão, Campus Bacanga, étant quatre hommes et quatre femmes des Centres de Sciences et Enseignement de l‟UFMA, à savoir : Centre de Sciences Humaines (02), Centre de Sciences Sociales (02), Centre de Sciences Exactes et Technologiques (02) et Centre de Sciences Biologiques et de la Santé (02). L‟instrument pour collecter les donnés a été l‟interview semi-structurée. On a analysé les réponses des sujets à propos de la construction d‟identités ethniques et de race dans le contexte de l‟UFMA. On espère aider à contribuer dans le champ des études des relations ethniques et de race dans le contexte académique local, régional et peut-être international.
O presente estudo versa sobre a identidade étnica e racial de professores/as negros/as e suas práticas cotidianas no contexto universitário. Objetiva analisar a questão da identidade étnico-racial, particularmente a negra, discutindo os processos de construção do atual quadro docente da Universidade Federal do Maranhão/ UFMA. Na organização do texto, descreve-se sobre o negro na sociedade brasileira, e sua trajetória histórica em diferentes momentos nas relações sociais e raciais. Em seguida, faz-se uma reflexão sobre o processo de construção das identidades de professores e professoras universitários/as. Para subsidiar nosso estudo, utilizou-se, dentre outras, as seguintes fontes bibliográficas: Carvalho (2002); Munanga (1996); Ribeiro (2004) Segato (2006) Santos (2004), Bachelard. (1996), Certeau (1994), Le Goff (1994) Hall (2005) e Castells (1999). Os sujeitos do estudo selecionados foram 08 docentes da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus do Bacanga, sendo quatro homens e quatro mulheres dos Centros de Ciências e Ensino da UFMA, a saber: Centro de Ciências Humanas (02), Centro de Ciências Sociais (02), Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas (02) e Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (02). O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi entrevista semi-estruturada. Analisam-se respostas de nossos sujeitos do estudo no tocante à construção de identidades étnicas e raciais no contexto da UFMA. Percebeu-se que os entrevistados não possuem as mesmas representações diante das questões que envolvem o negro/a na universidade e na sociedade. Bem como, observamos pouca presença destes como docentes nesta IFES. Espera-se contribuir para o campo de estudo das relações étnicas e raciais no meio acadêmico local, regional e quiçá internacional.
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Oueghlani, Zied. "Contrôle afférent du réseau locomoteur lombaire chez le rat néonatal intact et spino-lésé." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0347/document.
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Lors de la locomotion, la commande rythmique envoyée aux muscles des membres est organisée de manière spatiale et temporelle par les générateurs centraux du patron locomoteur (CPGs) localisés dans la moelle épinière. Ces derniers sont sous le contrôle des centres supraspinaux impliqués dans l'aspect motivationnel du comportement locomoteur dont l’activité est constamment modulée par des afférences sensorielles afin de permettre d'adapter les mouvements aux changements environnementaux. L’objectif majeur de mon travail doctoral était d’explorer les mécanismes des interactions dynamiques entre (1) les centres supraspinaux, (2) les CPGs et (3) les afférences sensorielles dans le contrôle de la locomotion chez le rat nouveau-né intact et spino-lésé. En nous appuyant sur le modèle de préparation de tronc cérébral / moelle épinière isolée in vitro, nous avons montré que la manipulation de l’organisation temporelle de la commande locomotrice en provenance de la formation réticulée (située dans le tronc cérébral) est efficace pour ajuster finement l’activité des CPGs locomoteurs. Nous avons ensuite mis en lumière l’importance des voies descendantes sérotonergiques dans l’intégration de l’information sensorielle par les CPGs locomoteurs durant la première semaine postnatale. Enfin, en combinant des approches comportementales, neurochimiques et électrophysiologiques, nous avons mis en évidence des effets différents mais complémentaires des neuromodulateurs monoaminergiques (sérotonine, dopamine et noradrénaline) dans la réexpression du comportement locomoteur après une lésion spinale. Notre travail ouvre de belles perspectives pour la compréhension du contrôle afférent de la moelle épinière, à la fois dans un contexte non-pathologique et après un traumatisme médullaireLocated within the spinal cord, the locomotor central pattern generators (CPGs) organize the rhythmical activation of limb muscles according to specific gait pattern requirements. These CPGs are under the control of supraspinal centers that are involved in the motivational aspect of locomotor behavior, and their activity is constantly modulated by sensory inputs to adapt the locomotor activities to environmental changes. The aim of my doctoral work was to further understand the dynamic interactions between (1) the supraspinal centers, (2) the CPGs and (3) the sensory inputs in both healthy and spinalized newborn rats. Using the isolated brainstem / spinal cord preparation as an in vitro experimental model, we first showed that manipulating the periodicity and the relative durations of left and right descending reticulospinal commands at the brainstem level is efficient to set the locomotor speed and sustain directional changes. We next established the interaction between the descending serotonergic pathways and sensory feedback to shape the spinal locomotor outputs during the first postnatal week. Finally, by combining behavioral, neurochemical and electrophysiological techniques, we showed different but complementary effects of monoaminergic neuromodulators (serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine) in the expression of locomotor behavior after a spinal cord injury. Our work brings additional data to better understand the afferent control of locomotor spinal CPGs in healthy and spinalized newborn rats
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Cañes, Esteve Laia. "El receptor nuclear NOR-1 en el remodelado cardiovascular: análisis de mecanismos fisiopatológicos y validación de nuevos modelos animales de utilidad preclínica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673943.
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Actualmente no se dispone de fármacos eficaces ni de modelos animales adecuados para estudiar el aneurisma de la aorta abdominal (AAA) ni la hipertrofia cardiaca, patologías con una elevada morbi-mortalidad. La expresión del receptor nuclear NOR-1 es elevada en el miocardio y aumenta en la aorta de pacientes con AAA. Animales modificados genéticamente para este receptor podrían ser útiles para estudiar los mecanismos de estas enfermedades y para realizar ensayos preclínicos de potenciales terapias. Estudios ecocardiográficos de nuestro grupo habían mostrado que la angiotensina II (AngII) induce dilatación aórtica tanto en un ratón que sobreexpresa NOR-1 humano (hNOR-1) preferentemente en la pared vascular y el miocardio (TgNOR-1) como en el que la expresión de hNOR-1 se dirige células musculares (TgNOR1CMLV). También se observó que los ratones TgNOR-1 desarrollan hipertrofia cardíaca en respuesta a sobrecarga de presión, y que ambos podrían ser útiles como modelos preclínicos ya que la doxiciclina prevenía la formación de aneurismas inducidos por AngII.
En el presente trabajo hemos profundizado en los mecanismos celulares y moleculares por los que la transgénesis de NOR-1 predispone a la formación de AAA. En respuesta a AngII en la pared vascular de los animales transgénicos se producen más roturas de fibras elásticas y un mayor aumento de la actividad MMP, del infiltrado inflamatorio y del estrés oxidativo que en los animales control. En estos animales la doxiciclina previno la formación de aneurismas inducidos por AngII a través de la reducción del remodelado vascular, la actividad MMP, la inflamación y el estrés oxidativo. El análisis del patrón de expresión diferencial en respuesta a AngII en la aorta abdominal de ratones TgNOR1CMLV y controles mediante microarrays identificó 1512 genes regulados diferencialmente y el análisis de vías (GSEA; Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) determinó la regulación diferencial de procesos biológicos, relacionados con inflamación, ciclo celular, citoesqueleto, diferenciación de célula muscular y activación simpática. Confirmamos que en respuesta a la AngII la transgénesis de NOR-1 se asocia a la inducción de genes implicados en la síntesis y transporte de catecolaminas, entre ellos la tirosina hidroxilasa (TH), enzima limitante de esta vía. Su expresión se incrementó de manera significativa en el AAA humano en el que la TH se localiza no sólo en las terminaciones nerviosas, sino también en células inflamatorias y en menor medida en CMLV. Un perfil similar se detectó en el ratón TgNOR1CMLV y en el modelo clásico de AAA (ratón deficiente en apolipoproteína E (ApoE-/-) infundido con AngII). Destacar que la inhibición específica de la TH mediante α-Metil-DL-tirosina (AMPT), previno el desarrollo de AAA en ambos modelos reduciendo el remodelado vascular, la inflamación y el estrés oxidativo. Por tanto, se propone a la TH como una nueva diana farmacológica en el AAA.
En relación con la hipertrofia cardíaca. Los cardiomiocitos de los ratones TgNOR-1 son de mayor tamaño que los controles y cuando se estimulan eléctricamente experimentan mayor acortamiento que éstos. A su vez, la transgénesis de NOR-1 en cardiofibroblastos aumentó la expresión de marcadores del cambio fenotípico fibroblasto/miofibroblasto. Estos animales presentaban un agravamiento de la hipertrofia cardiaca asociada a la edad sin alteración de la función sistólica. Análogamente, confirmamos la mayor predisposición de los ratones transgénicos a la hipertrofia cardiaca inducida por AngII, con una hipertrofia concéntrica más acentuada que los ratones control, un aumento compensatorio de la función sistólica y una exacerbada respuesta inflamatoria y fibrótica. De hecho, la sobreexpresión de NOR-1 incrementó la deposición y el entrecruzamiento de las fibras de colágeno y la expresión de marcadores fibróticos, como la lisil oxidasa like 2 (LOXL2). Asimismo, la transgénesis de NOR-1 potenció la inducción de marcadores de hipertrofia cardíaca causada por la AngII. Nuestros resultados indican que en los ratones transgénicos existe una mayor expresión basal de Myh7 y de Loxl2 y mediante ensayos de actividad transcripcional demostramos que NOR-1 regula directamente la expresión de estos genes. Estos resultados sugieren que NOR-1 está implicado en el complejo programa transcripcional que lleva a la hipertrofia hipertensiva.
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Matheron, Isabelle. "Effets protecteurs précoces et tardifs de thérapie cellulaire par administration de cellules mononucléées et de progéniteurs endothéliaux issus du sang de cordon humain dans l'encéphalopathie hypoxo-ischémique néonatale expérimentale chez le rat." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0610/document.
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L’hypoxo-ischémie (HI) cérébrale néonatale représente une des principales causes de mortalité et de morbidité chez les nouveau-nés. Sa physiopathologie implique différents processus délétères menant vers la perte neuronale et responsables de séquelles neuro-cognitives. L'hypothermie thérapeutique est le seul traitement actuel mais est insuffisant. Cette étude a caractérisé et comparé l’effet de deux types de cellules issues du sang de cordon humain, les cellules mononuclées (HUCBCs) et les progéniteurs endothéliaux tardifs (ECFCs) sur l’amélioration des scores neuro-comportementaux mais aussi à l’échelle moléculaire et fonctionnelle dans le modèle d’hypoxo-ischémie néonatale à court (7 jours après l’épisode ischémique) et long terme (12 semaines après l’épisode ischémique).L’injection intrapéritonéale d'ECFCs ou de HUCBCs, 2 jours après HI, améliore les capacités de motricité et de mémorisation précoce et tardive des animaux à l’âge adulte, et diminue les comportements anxieux. Ces résultats sont associés à une augmentation de la densité capillaire en temps précoce et tardif. L’imagerie de perfusion cérébrale SPECT/CT a objectivé une restauration complète de la perfusion cérébrale de l’hémisphère lésé à l’âge adulte par les deux types cellulaires. Ces observations tardives sont associées à un effet protecteur précoce de ces cellules sur l’augmentation de la survie neuronale et la diminution de l’astrogliose réactionnelle ou encore sur la composante inflammatoire par diminution de l’activation microgliale pro-inflammatoire au niveau striatal. Les résultats de cette étude ouvrent ainsi de nouvelles perspectives pour l’usage des ECFCs dans le traitement de l’HI néonataleNeonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) is a dramatic perinatal complication, associated with poor neurological prognosis despite neuroprotection by therapeutic hypothermia, in the absence of an available curative therapy. We evaluated and compared ready-to-use human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBCs) and bankable but allogeneic endothelial progenitors (ECFCs) as cell therapy candidate for NHIE. We compared benefits of HUCBC and ECFC transplantation 48 hours after injury in male rat NHIE model, based on the Rice-Vannucci approach. Based on behavioral tests, immune-histological assessment and metabolic imaging of brain perfusion using SPECT, HUCBC or ECFC administration provided equally early and sustained functional benefits, up to 8 weeks after injury. These results were associated with total normalization of injured hemisphere cerebral blood flow assessed by SPECT/CT imaging. In conclusion, even if ECFCs represent an efficient candidate, HUCBCs’ autologous criteria and easier availability make them the ideal candidate for hypoxic-ischemic cell therapy
Books on the topic "Corb noir"
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L'insurrection des Noirs, mulâtres et zambos: Coro-Venezuela, 1795. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2022.
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Laurel, Salvador H. Neither trumpets nor drums: Summing up the Cory government. [Manila?]: PDM Press, 1992.
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Neither trumpets nor drums: Summing up the Cory government. [Manila]: S.H. Laurel, 1992.
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Silenci al cor. [S.l.]: Editors Associats, 1999.
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Wilkinson, Robert, and René Gabriels, eds. The Englishization of Higher Education in Europe. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727358.
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The introduction of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) has changed higher education enormously in many European countries. This development is increasingly encapsulated under the term Englishization, that is, the increasing dispersion of English as a means of communication in non-Anglophone contexts. Englishization is not undisputed. Nor is it uniform. In this volume, authors from 15 European countries present analyses from a range of perspectives coalescing around four core concerns: the quality of education, cultural identity, inequality of opportunities and questions of justice and democracy.
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Corti, Claudia, Pietro Lo Cascio, and Marta Biaggini, eds. Mainland and insular lacertid lizards. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-523-8.
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Lacertid lizards have long been a fruitful field of scientific enquiry with many people working on them over the past couple of hundred years. The scope of the field has steadily increased, beginning with taxonomy and anatomy and gradually spreading so that it includes such topics as phylogenetics, behaviour, ecology, and conservation. Since 1992, a series of symposia on lacertid lizards of the Mediterranean basin have taken place every three years. The present volume stems from the 2004 meeting in the Aeolian Islands. In the volume a wide range of island topics are considered, including the systematics of the species concerned, from both morphological and molecular viewpoints, interaction with other taxa, and conservation. The last topic is especially important, as island lizards across the world have often been vulnerable to extinction, after they came into contact with people and the animals they introduced. The volume also has papers on the more positive aspects of human influence, specifically the benign effects of traditional agriculture on at least some reptile species. Olive trees, cork oaks and the banks and walls of loose rocks that crisscross the Mediterranean scene all often contribute to elevated lizard populations. Nor is more basic biology neglected and there are articles on morphology, reproduction, development and thermoregulation. Finally, it is good to see one paper on non-Mediterranean species is included. For, to fully understand the lacertids of this region, it is necessary to appreciate their close relatives in Africa, Asia and the archipelagos of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. (From Preface by E. Nicholas Arnold & Wolfgang Böhme)
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Hester, Mike. Barcelona Hotel: A Hard-Core Noir Novel. Independently Published, 2020.
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Traviata -- Act II, Coro Di Mattadori Spagnuoli -- Di Madride Noi Siam Mattadori: Vocal Score. Alfred Music, 2022.
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Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo. The Network Becomes the Core of the ATM. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782810.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 (‘The Network Becomes the Core of the ATM’) traces the emergence of proprietary ATM networks and the formation of shared networks in the USA, Canada, and Britain. The formation of these networks bears witness to the transformation of the ATM and other forms of applications of computer technology from a potential source of competitive advantage to a minimum requirement for competition in retail banking. Detailed examples of all three countries exemplify alternative network configurations. These, in turn, help to illustrate different competitive strategies to implement technological change as well as show that the competitive transformation of the ATM was neither inevitable nor poised to follow a single path of development. The role of standards and particularly the encoding of messages communication between the ATM and the bank’s computer centre come to the fore. These help to elucidate some of the technological challenges of the 1980s.
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Toksöz Fairbairn, Kevin. dis/cord: Thinking Sound through Agential Realism. punctum books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0360.1.00.
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dis/cord is an experiment in reading sound. Embarking from Karen Barad’s early work on agential realism, it diffracts quantum physics through sound art, finding the sympathetic resonances that allow them to speak together. dis/cord believes in the materialism of sound, and strives not to understand it, but to become entangled with it. It asserts that impartial observation is impossible and understands immersion as a participatory and collaborative act. Sound art pieces provide the backdrop for a series of reflections on space, time, and matter. They trace the “marks on bodies” that sound leaves behind in its ephemeral vibration, finding new forms of sensation and interpretation through the pain and hearing loss that a life devoted to sound can cause. Drifting between sound studies, artistic research, musicology, and craftsmanship, dis/cord uses agential realism as a platform to approach thinking with, through, and about sound. Following Barad’s commitment to diffraction as a form of critique, it superposes a variety of sounds and ideas in the hope that their consonances and dissonances can provoke new ways of engaging with sound as a cultural and material agent. It is neither an appeal to scientist positivism nor a mystical immersion in listening. Rather, it builds from the intertwined physical and metaphysical curiosities that characterize Barad’s work, proposing a corporeal engagement with the disjointed temporal and spacial (dis)continuities that sonic materialism helps to build, understand, and create.
Book chapters on the topic "Corb noir"
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Martin, Mirta, and Jacob Abrams. "The Dawn for a New Era for Higher Education." In The Promise of Higher Education, 283–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_44.
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AbstractColleges and universities cannot immunize themselves against COVID-19 by simply shutting their gates and throwing away the key, nor can they claim ignorance of the broader social and economic storms impacting their students. Rather, institutions of higher education must embrace their core mission to educate and improve the lives of their students.
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Ark-Yıldırım, Ceren, and Marc Smyrl. "Does Cash Transfer Promote Market Citizenship?" In Social Cash Transfer in Turkey, 143–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70381-3_7.
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AbstractThe most obvious conclusion of this book is that there is no single Turkish experience. Nor can we reach definitive once-and-for-all conclusions about the impact of CT as an instrument of social assistance. Comparison among our cases highlights variables grounded in local conditions and policy design that help determine the outcome of CT projects, and whose relevance extends far beyond Turkey. Among these are human and financial resources, but also of the capacity for local knowledge. When these allow consistent and appropriate targeting, CT can provide an important step in the direction of inclusion and equality in a market context. It would be misleading, however, to believe that this instrument on its own is sufficient. At the core of market citizenship is the dignity conferred not only by paying one’s own way, but also by earning one’s own way: CT instruments work best as a complement to, not replacement for, access to the official labor market.
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van der Burg, Martijn. "Conclusions: Incomplete Integration." In Napoleonic Governance in the Netherlands and Northwest Germany, 147–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66658-3_7.
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AbstractThis study set out to provide insight into the integration of the Netherlands and Northwest Germany into the Napoleonic Empire, through the implementation of Napoleonic governance, distinguishing several phases. This concluding chapter puts the research findings into a larger context. After exploring the collapse and legacy of Napoleonic rule, the successive stages of conquest, incorporation, and integration are reflected upon. Both areas experienced similar tensions between the Napoleonic desire for uniformity and diverse traditions. Either a ‘harsh’ approach or a ‘mild’ approach was chosen, depending on the actors involved and the interaction between core and periphery. Interests and actions were not aligned, and in more extreme cases, there was downright animosity between Napoleonic officials. Therefore, in neither the Netherlands nor Northwest Germany complete integration was achieved. However, there was no definite blueprint for integration, as different groups had conflicting ideas on the desirable level of, and path to, integration. Ultimately, integration was incomplete, but the degree of incompleteness depends on the divergent norms set by the various parties.
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Prinz, Katja, and Gerhard Backfried. "Innovation and Marketplace: A Vision for the European Language Grid." In European Language Grid, 219–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17258-8_12.
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AbstractThis chapter provides a comprehensive overview of innovation and the ELG marketplace as core elements for the generation of value and the creation of an active, attractive and vibrant community surrounding the European Language Grid. Innovation is an essential element in making ELG a credible and sustainable undertaking. However, it does not happen by itself nor materialise in a vacuum. Consequently, ELG provides a habitat for various kinds of innovation and a home for the necessary community to put innovation into action. The marketplace is essential for attracting participants supplying and demanding services, resources, components and technologies on a European scale. Innovation and marketplace – as well as the overall business model – are tightly connected and need to be developed and managed in a joint manner. Clearly, this is not a one-off activity, but rather needs to be carried out continuously and extend into the future. ELG is designed and created to promote the excellence and growth of the European LT market, creating new jobs and business opportunities and supporting European digital sovereignty. Encompassing a wide array of technologies and resources for many languages spoken across Europe and in neighbouring regions, it contributes to the Multilingual Digital Single Market as a cross-European driver for innovation.
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Komlosy, Andrea. "Niederösterreich als Zentrum und Peripherie." In Niederösterreich im 19. Jahrhundert, Band 1: Herrschaft und Wirtschaft. Eine Regionalgeschichte sozialer Macht, 579–610. NÖ Institut für Landeskunde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52035/noil.2021.19jh01.25.
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Lower Austria as Centre and Periphery. As the embodiment of dynastic Austria, Lower Austria represents a core region in political, economic and cultural terms. Its role in the interregional division of labour was that of a highly developed industrial location. The interplay between politics and economics saw the formation of a regional stage of global capitalism, contributing to the international competitiveness of Habsburg Cisleithania in European comparison. While ethnic and religious difference played a very minor role, the regional diversity was dependent on strong disparities that gave rise to pronounced anti-centralist regional identities, especially in peripheralized areas of the land.
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Kreuzer, Bernd. "Sonntagsausflug, Sommerfrische, Wintersport. Moderner Tourismus ohne Grenzen." In Niederösterreich im 19. Jahrhundert, Band 2: Gesellschaft und Gemeinschaft. Eine Regionalgeschichte der Moderne, 511–41. NÖ Institut für Landeskunde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52035/noil.2021.19jh02.19.
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Sunday Trips, Summer Resorts and Winter Sports. Modern Tourism without Borders. The growing demand of urban societies for leisure activities and recreation in pure nature, caused by urbanisation and industrialisation, was met by picturesque landscapes in the surroundings of Vienna. In accordance with the prevailing Romantic ideas, these landscapes were first improved and developed by railways before being used increasingly intensively by the upper classes, soon to be followed by the middle and, ultimately, in part by the lower classes too. Tourism and leisure activities spread from Sundays only to the whole year, including winter time, and from the close vicinity of Vienna to the remotest parts of Lower Austria. On the eve of World War I, the vast majority of Lower Austria was more or less shaped by tourism in all its variety, be it summer resorts, day trips, alpinism, winter sports, urban tourism, or health tourism. Lower Austria thus became the core region of Austrian tourism, ranking above all areas of the Empire.
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Frazer, James George. "Chapter 18 the corn-mother and corn-maiden." In The Golden Bough. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199538829.003.0033.
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i Suggested derivation of the name Demeter. It has been argued by W. Mannhardt* that the first part of Demeter’s name is derived from an alleged Cretan word deai, ‘barley’, and that accordingly Demeter means neither more nor less than...
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Jillions, John A. "Neither Jew nor Greek." In Divine Guidance, 187–251. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190055738.003.0014.
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This chapter shows how issues of decisions, divine guidance, discernment, and delusion are woven throughout 1 Corinthians. Paul’s community was shaped by Greco-Roman and Jewish views, but he presents a distinctive new way based on the Cross. As he himself told them, “I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ and him crucified” (1 Cor 2:2). Identification with the crucified and risen Christ gave access to the Spirit and a life of communion with God in various ways: through the scriptures (reinterpreted in the light of Christ), the liturgical life of the community (especially baptism and the Lord’s Supper), tradition, preaching, apostles and community leaders, service, co-suffering, and, above all, love. But this does not eclipse individual divine communion, calling, and discernment. Nor does it exclude rational thought, which in Paul’s approach is equally illumined by divine guidance to integrate rational and mystical.
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Machelidon, Véronique. "Unearthing the father’s secret: postmemory and identity in harki and pied noir narratives." In Reimagining North African immigration, 153–77. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719099489.003.0010.
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Focusing on memories of the Algerian War of Independence, this article follows historian Benjamin Stora’s call to find common memorial spaces and bridge the gap between different memory groups involved in a traumatic past. It compares two literary works from different postcolonial constituencies, one written by a harki daughter, Dalila Kerchouche, and the other by a pied-noir son, Thierry Galdeano, both of which have at their core the search for the father’s secret linked to his role in the war. The discovery of the father’s mystery takes each narrator-protagonist on a postmemorial quest that results in personal growth, helping the two protagonists find their identity and place within French society. The article argues that only the pied noir son performs the reconciliation between harki and pied noir experiences, thus pointing to the possible creation of the sort of memorial bridge that can end the individual trauma and collective amnesia that are the postcolonial legacies of the Algerian War of Independence.
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Brown, Michael, and Paul Turner. "Innovation and Corporate Reputation Innovation and Corporate Reputation." In Technological, Managerial and Organizational Core Competencies, 264–77. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-165-8.ch015.
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As much as 75% of a company’s value derives from its intangible assets. One of the most important of these intangible assets is corporate reputation. The Britain’s Most Admired Company surveys into corporate reputation includes nine characteristics, one of these is a company’s ‘capacity to innovate’. Surveys between 1990 and 2009 show that a good reputation for innovation does not guarantee a good overall reputation; nor does a reputation for innovation lead to business success. However, where a company has a reputation for innovation and is able to manage other characteristics, there is a better chance that this company will develop its innovation capability into long-term competitive advantage and profitability. Central to this conclusion is converting innovation into enhanced processes, products or services through effective implementation. The research identifies key attributes of companies that combine a reputation for innovation, with a good corporate reputation overall and business success.
Conference papers on the topic "Corb noir"
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Thangaraj, Uthayakumar, and Vasantha Jayakantha Raja R. "Implementation of All Optical NOR and OR Logic Gates using Asymmetric Triple Core PCF." In International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/photonics.2014.s5a.64.
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Li, Yiwei, Ning An, Yuchen Wang, Teng Tan, Xizhen Xu, Jun He, Handing Xia, et al. "Optically generated graphene plasmons for optoelectronic logic operations." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2022.sm5p.5.
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Leveraging the counter-propagating and temporally-synchronized laser comb pulses, we demonstrate all-optical generation and electrical control of multiple plasmon polarizations in 0 ~ 50 THz, enabling AND/OR/NOR optoelectronic logic operations in one single device.
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Sridharan, Srinivasan, Kim Sunjung, and Sami I. El-Sayed. "Interactive Buckling of Sandwich Plates Under Compression." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/amd-25420.
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Abstract Compressive behavior of two classes of “sandwich” structures is investigated. These structures have for their principal load bearing components two relatively stiff parallel horizontal sheets which are interconnected in one of the following ways: (i) by a highly compliant core material such as foam, or (ii) a set of discrete stiffeners connecting the parallel (top and bottom) sheets. In case (i), the structure can buckle in either a local mode in which the core and the facing bend together or a wrinkling mode in which the facing sheet undergoes severe bending with the core subjected to deformation in the transverse plane. It is found that these plates have neither post buckling stiffness nor do they exhibit any imperfection-sensitivity. In case (ii) the point of principal interest is the interaction of local and overall buckling. For the case of coincident local and overall buckling, it is found that 30% reduction in the maximum load can occur for modest levels of imperfections as a result of modal interaction.
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Chodubski, Michael. "Simulating Residual Stress at Critical Features of Straightened Hollow Transmission Shafts." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-84977.
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Abstract Simulating plastic deformation of a material with a strength gradient from surface to center is not a standard industry practice. Although separate engineering groups have capabilities to perform thermal-structural or operational load analysis, neither have combined nor is focused on integrating effects from heat treatment and straightening operations. The objective of this research is to develop a simulation model to predict axial residual stress at radial holes in a carburized hollow transmission shaft. Abaqus CAE coupled with DANTE Heat Treatment kinetics software will be utilized to simulate the evolution of thermal and mechanical properties of different carburized shaft designs to determine the resulting residual stress at key features. Simulation data shows that the case and core layers react differently to features when a shaft has a bending or straightening load applied. Generally, shafts with smaller radial holes and a farther loading source exhibited compressive axial residual stresses at the case layer with lower average core tensile residual stresses while the shafts with larger radial hole diameters began with tensile stresses at the case following thru higher average core tensile stresses. The radial hole diameter and location only affected the case layer while all three studied features; hole diameter, location, and chamfer size, had significance on the core residual stress. This goes to show that the case and core layers are more complicated than previously thought. Future work should investigate further into how the core residual stresses play a role in fatigue failures.
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Vyskocil, Ladislav. "CFD Simulation of Slug Mixing in VVER-1000 Reactor." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89079.
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Recently, the safety analyses of VVER and PWR reactors have dealt with the possibility of reactivity-induced accidents related to the penetration of a water slug with low boron concentration into the reactor core. Loop seals at the reactor coolant pump (RCP) suction are the most likely places for the formation of these slugs. The slug is formed in the loop when there is neither natural nor forced circulation. When the circulation is restored, the slug travels towards the reactor and causes an insertion of positive reactivity in the core. This report deals with a CFD simulation of the most dangerous event—the start-up of the first RCP. Only several seconds are needed for slug to reach the core and the operator has no time for corrective action. Mixing of slug on its way to the core can reduce the danger of core recriticality. The primary objective of this study was to find out whether the FLUENT 6 CFD code is capable of predicting the mixing in the cold leg, downcomer and lower plenum as the slug moves toward the reactor core. Numerical simulations were based on mixing tests performed on 1:5 scale model of VVER-1000 reactor at the Gidropress Design Bureau, Russia. In the physical mixing tests, temperature was substituted for Boron concentration through the use of hot and cold water. The time history of core inlet average temperature was calculated by FLUENT and was found to be in good qualitative agreement with experimental data. This work was carried out as part of the EU project FLOMIX-R, Work Package 4.
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Harbecke, Ulrich G., Walter Riess, and Joerg R. Seume. "The Effect of Milling Process Induced Coarse Surface Texture on Aerodynamic Turbine Profile Losses." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30333.
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Production time and costs of milled turbine blades can be significantly reduced by increasing the spacing of the cutter paths. In order to quantify the effect of the resulting coarse milling groove texture on profile losses, two different turbine cascades with various cutter path parameters were investigated in a linear cascade wind tunnel. It was found that neither the milling groove spacing nor the stagger angle measured between the grooves and the core flow direction affect the profile loss significantly in the range of typical industrial applications. Therefore, coarsely milled surfaces may be used for cost reduction within the milling parameter ranges investigated.
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Lu, Alex, Thomas Marchwinski, Robert Culhane, and Xiaojing Wei. "Estimation of Pre-COVID19 Daily Ridership Patterns From Paper and Electronic Ticket Sales Data With Origin-Destination, Time-Of-Day, and Train-Start Detail on a Commuter Railroad: Quick-Response Big Data Analytics in a World Steeped With Tradition." In 2021 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2021-59109.
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Abstract Our niche method independently estimates hourly commuter rail station-to-station origin-destination (OD) matrix data each day from ticket sales and activation data from four sales channels (paper/mobile tickets, mail order, and onboard sales) by extending well-established transportation modelling methodologies. This algorithm’s features include: (1) handles multi-pack pay-per-ride fare instruments not requiring electronic validation, like ten-trip paper tickets “punched” onboard by railroad conductors; (2) correctly infers directionality for direction-agnostic ticket-types; (3) estimates unlimited ride ticket utilization patterns sufficiently precisely to inform vehicle assignment/scheduling; (4) provides integer outputs without allowing rounding to affect control totals nor introduce artifacts; (5) deals gracefully with cliff-edge changes in demand, like the COVID19 related lockdown; and (6) allocates hourly traffic to each train-start based on passenger choice. Our core idea is that the time of ticket usage is ultimately a function of the time of sale and ticket type, and mutual transformation is made via probability density functions (“patterns”) given sufficient distribution data. We generated pre-COVID daily OD matrices and will eventually extend this work to post-COVID inputs. Results were provided to operations planners using visual and tabular interfaces. These matrices represent data never previously available by any method; prior OD surveys required 100,000 respondents, and even then could neither provide daily nor hourly levels of detail, and could not monitor special event ridership nor specific seasonal travel such as summer Friday afternoons.
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Ueda, N., I. Kinoshita, Y. Nishi, A. Minato, T. Yokoyama, and Y. Nishiguchi. "Current Design Status of Sodium Cooled Super-Safe, Small and Simple Reactor." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22353.
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CRIEPI has been exploring to realize a small-sized nuclear reactor for the needs of dispersed energy source and multi-purpose reactor. And a conceptual design of 4S (Super-Safe, Small and Simple) reactor was proposed to meet the following design requirements: (1) All temperature feedback reactivity coefficients including whole core sodium void coefficient are negative; (2) The core integrity is secured against all anticipated transient without reactor scram; (3) No emergency power nor active mitigating system is required; (4) The reactivity core life time is more than 10 years; (5) Its construction, maintenance and operation are expected to be very simple by eliminating active components from inside of a reactor vessel. The 4S reactor is a sodium cooled fast reactor and its reactivity is not controlled by neutron absorber rods but by neutron reflectors. An electrical output is 50 MW. This paper describes a design modification to enhance the feasibility from the previous 4S design. A core active height can be shortened to 1.5 m from 4.0m to keep the reactivity characteristics. An averaged fuel burn-up is up to 70 GWD/ton and a pressure drop at the core region is less than 0.1 MPa. A reactivity control system is modified according with the core design change. As for the steam generator design, sodium-water reaction accidents must be taken into account as a design basis event for the utilization of the secondary sodium coolant. Therefore, a modified plate type heat exchanger is proposed as a steam generator. It may be possible to develop a compact steam generator, which is free from sodium-water reaction accidents and to eliminate the secondary sodium systems. The 4S reactor without secondary system has been proposed as a candidate design.
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Augustine, Garrett, and Scott Augustine. "Accurate Non-Invasive Temperature Monitoring Device." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3476.
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Core temperature is one of the most tightly auto-regulated physiological processes. Anesthetic drugs compromise the body’s ability to thermoregulate. When core temperature is outside of the normothermia range, patients are at increased risk of myriad complications. Hypothermic patients are at higher risk of, among other things, increased wound infections2, increased blood loss3, increased ICU times and hospital stays2, higher mortality rates4, increased transfusion requirements3. “Even mildly hypothermic patients could suffer an increase in adverse outcomes that can add costs of as much as $2,500–$7,000 per patient.”5 These risks are great such that clinicians actively warm hypothermic patients to achieve normothermia. Given the importance of the core temperature on outcomes, there is a clear necessity for accurate core temperature measurement. Core temperature measurement is often misunderstood. Perhaps due to the pervasive home use of oral mercury thermometers to “take your temperature,” many wrongly assume that non-invasive core temperature is measured easily and accurately. Oral, axilla, nasal are all unreliable. Temporal/forehead and ear are particularly inaccurate. “Global authorities in anesthesiology and medicine have cited inadequacies with virtually all thermometry”6 False assurance or false alarm are both dangerous. There is currently no non-invasive way to reliably and accurately measure core temperature. Why is this? The peripheral compartment is not in equilibrium with core. Fat and other layers further complicate the matter. Fat has the thermal conductivity of oak, and thus non-invasive methods to measure core are as Abreu puts it “taking measurements on the outside surface of an oak cask to determine the temperature of its contents.”6 Laws of Thermodynamics notwithstanding, many still try. Invasive esophageal or rectal and to a lesser extent bladder, are the only way to accurately measure core. The fact is, in order to measure their patients’ core temperature vital sign accurately, clinicians have only available to them the medical equivalent of a meat thermometer. Intubated patients under general anesthesia are perfectly suited for invasive core temperature monitoring. They are not going to gag the esophageal stethoscope, nor would they find rectal or bladder probing uncomfortable in their unconsciousness. Clinicians may find probing mildly unpleasant and a minor time consumption, but once again, given the lack of alternatives, the only real option is to grin and bear it. General anesthesia is not without risks, especially with increasingly increasing patients, and as sedation or blocks become more popular, invasive core temperature monitoring is unpractical. This highlights the stark question: Is it possible to accurately and reliably ascertain core temperature non-invasively?
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Silva Júnior, Mário Luciano de Mélo, Roberta Lorena de Farias Souza, Marcos Vinícius de Souza Vilanova, and Marcos Holmes Carvalho. "Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord vs Miller-Fisher syndrome: a diagnostic challenge." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.635.
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Context: Ataxic syndromes in the emergency department have a vast differential diagnosis, including immune, nutritional, and other etiologies. Case report: Man, 67yo, alcoholic, but previously healthy, came to ED due to complaints of falls and progressive dysesthesia in lower limbs which started 7 days from admission. He denied other toxic exposures or infectious history, except covid-19 one month before the current symptoms. Physical examination revealed mild hoarseness, left hemipalate paresis, tactile and position sense hypoesthesia, no sensory level, absence of profound reflexes; right hypotonia, global ataxia, and he was unable to walk. Neuroaxis MRI was normal. CSF obtained at D10 had 2 lymphocytes/mm3, 96mg/dL of proteins and no other abnormalities. Hb=13g/ dL, VCM=103fL, B12=424pg/mL, LDH and homocysteine were high. Negative anti-HTLV and -transglutaminase; covid-19 rapid test was positive, but rt-PCR was negative. ENMG revealed moderate sensory-motor axonal polyneuropathy. We hypothesized that the main differential diagnoses were subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord (although high level of protein in CSF) and Miller-Fisher syndrome (although ophthalmoparesis was absent). Considering that there was no motor nor respiratory symptoms, we did not offer pulse therapy and opted for B12 vitamin replacement. The patient had a favorable response to therapies and was able to walk at two weeks of treatment. Conclusions: We did not define the etiology of this case, however, it is important to keep B12 deficiency in mind (even when it is into the lab reference range) and to pay attention to post-viral atypical manifestations, mostly in the context of the current covid-19 pandemic.
Reports on the topic "Corb noir"
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Kloepper, Joseph W., and Ilan Chet. Endophytic Bacteria of Cotton and Sweet Corn for Providing Growth Promotion and Biological Disease Control. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613039.bard.
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Endophytes were isolated from 16.7% of surface-disinfested seeds and 100% of stems and roots of field-growth plants. Strains from Israel with broad-spectrum in vitro antibiosis were mainly Bacillus spp., and some were chitinolytic. Following dipping of cut cotton roots into suspensions of these strains, endophytes were detected up to 72 days later by isolation and by autoradiograms of 14C-labelled bacteria. Selected endophytes exhibited biological control potential based on significant reductions in disease severity on cotton inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum as well as control of Sclerotium rolfsii on bean. Neither salicylic acid nor chitinase levels increased in plants as a result of endophytic colonization, suggesting that the observed biocontrol was not accounted for by PR protein production. Some biocontrol endophytes secreted chitinolytic enzymes. Model endophytic strains inoculated into cotton stems via stem injection showed only limited movement within the stem. When introduced into stems at low concentrations, endophytes increased in population density at the injection site. After examining several experimental and semi-practical inoculation systems, seed treatment was selected as an efficient way to reintroduce most endophytes into plants.
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Pforr, Tobias, Fabian Pape, and Steffen Murau. After the Allocation: What Role for the Special Drawing Rights System? Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp180.
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In August 2021, the IMF made a new SDR allocation to help ease pandemic-induced financial strains in the Global South. This paper assesses the potential of the SDR system to address debtrelated problems in global finance. We analyze the SDR system as a web of interlocking balance sheets whose members can use SDR holdings—the system’s tradable assets—for conversion into usable currency as a perpetual low-interest loan or to make payments to each other. Using original IMF data, we study how the system has been practically used since 1990. Though widely perceived as a solution in search of a problem in the post-Bretton Woods era, we find that the SDR system provides three mechanisms through which IMF members borrow and lend usable currency to each other, with different strings attached: first, transactions by agreement; second, the IMF’s core lending facilities for which the SDR system offers additional resources; and third, IMF-sponsored Trusts which seek to harness the SDR system for development purposes and are the basis for the current idea of ‘voluntary channeling’. Overall, given the SDR system’s idiosyncratic accounting rules, the new allocation can improve the liquidity position of a country and offer some limited avenues for sovereign debt restructuring but comes with new interest and exchange rate risks. Voluntary channeling cannot happen without a wealth transfer, neither the SDR allocation nor the use of Trusts can overcome this problem. Still, Trusts can be a useful instrument to help with debt forgiveness and to ensure that borrowed funds are used for their intended purpose.
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Monetary Policy Report - July 2022. Banco de la República, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr3-2022.
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In the second quarter, annual inflation (9.67%), the technical staff’s projections and its expectations continued to increase, remaining above the target. International cost shocks, accentuated by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, have been more persistent than projected, thus contributing to higher inflation. The effects of indexation, higher than estimated excess demand, a tighter labor market, inflation expectations that continue to rise and currently exceed 3%, and the exchange rate pressures add to those described above. High core inflation measures as well as in the producer price index (PPI) across all baskets confirm a significant spread in price increases. Compared to estimates presented in April, the new forecast trajectory for headline and core inflation increased. This was partly the result of greater exchange rate pressure on prices, and a larger output gap, which is expected to remain positive for the remainder of 2022 and which is estimated to close towards yearend 2023. In addition, these trends take into account higher inflation rate indexation, more persistent above-target inflation expectations, a quickening of domestic fuel price increases due to the correction of lags versus the parity price and higher international oil price forecasts. The forecast supposes a good domestic supply of perishable foods, although it also considers that international prices of processed foods will remain high. In terms of the goods sub-basket, the end of the national health emergency implies a reversal of the value-added tax (VAT) refund applied to health and personal hygiene products, resulting in increases in the prices of these goods. Alternatively, the monetary policy adjustment process and the moderation of external shocks would help inflation and its expectations to begin to decrease over time and resume their alignment with the target. Thus, the new projection suggests that inflation could remain high for the second half of 2022, closing at 9.7%. However, it would begin to fall during 2023, closing the year at 5.7%. These forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty, especially regarding the future behavior of external cost shocks, the degree of indexation of nominal contracts and decisions made regarding the domestic price of fuels. Economic activity continues to outperform expectations, and the technical staff’s growth projections for 2022 have been revised upwards from 5% to 6.9%. The new forecasts suggest higher output levels that would continue to exceed the economy’s productive capacity for the remainder of 2022. Economic growth during the first quarter was above that estimated in April, while economic activity indicators for the second quarter suggest that the GDP could be expected to remain high, potentially above that of the first quarter. Domestic demand is expected to maintain a positive dynamic, in particular, due to the household consumption quarterly growth, as suggested by vehicle registrations, retail sales, credit card purchases and consumer loan disbursement figures. A slowdown in the machinery and equipment imports from the levels observed in March contrasts with the positive performance of sales and housing construction licenses, which indicates an investment level similar to that registered for the first three months of the year. International trade data suggests the trade deficit would be reduced as a consequence of import levels that would be lesser than those observed in the first quarter, and stable export levels. For the remainder of the year and 2023, a deceleration in consumption is expected from the high levels seen during the first half of the year, partially as a result of lower repressed demand, tighter domestic financial conditions and household available income deterioration due to increased inflation. Investment is expected to continue its slow recovery while remaining below pre-pandemic levels. The trade deficit is expected to tighten due to projected lower domestic demand dynamics, and high prices of oil and other basic goods exported by the country. Given the above, economic growth in the second quarter of 2022 would be 11.5%, and for 2022 and 2023 an annual growth of 6.9% and 1.1% is expected, respectively. Currently, and for the remainder of 2022, the output gap would be positive and greater than that estimated in April, and prices would be affected by demand pressures. These projections continue to be affected by significant uncertainty associated with global political tensions, the expected adjustment of monetary policy in developed countries, external demand behavior, changes in country risk outlook, and the future developments in domestic fiscal policy, among others. The high inflation levels and respective expectations, which exceed the target of the world's main central banks, largely explain the observed and anticipated increase in their monetary policy interest rates. This environment has tempered the growth forecast for external demand. Disruptions in value chains, rising international food and energy prices, and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies have contributed to the rise in inflation and above-target expectations seen by several of Colombia’s main trading partners. These cost and price shocks, heightened by the effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, have been more prevalent than expected and have taken place within a set of output and employment recovery, variables that in some countries currently equal or exceed their projected long-term levels. In response, the U.S. Federal Reserve accelerated the pace of the benchmark interest rate increase and rapidly reduced liquidity levels in the money market. Financial market actors expect this behavior to continue and, consequently, significantly increase their expectations of the average path of the Fed's benchmark interest rate. In this setting, the U.S. dollar appreciated versus the peso in the second quarter and emerging market risk measures increased, a behavior that intensified for Colombia. Given the aforementioned, for the remainder of 2022 and 2023, the Bank's technical staff increased the forecast trajectory for the Fed's interest rate and reduced the country's external demand growth forecast. The projected oil price was revised upward over the forecast horizon, specifically due to greater supply restrictions and the interruption of hydrocarbon trade between the European Union and Russia. Global geopolitical tensions, a tightening of monetary policy in developed economies, the increase in risk perception for emerging markets and the macroeconomic imbalances in the country explain the increase in the projected trajectory of the risk premium, its trend level and the neutral real interest rate1. Uncertainty about external forecasts and their consequent impact on the country's macroeconomic scenario remains high, given the unpredictable evolution of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, geopolitical tensions, the degree of the global economic slowdown and the effect the response to recent outbreaks of the pandemic in some Asian countries may have on the world economy. This macroeconomic scenario that includes high inflation, inflation forecasts, and expectations above 3% and a positive output gap suggests the need for a contractionary monetary policy that mitigates the risk of the persistent unanchoring of inflation expectations. In contrast to the forecasts of the April report, the increase in the risk premium trend implies a higher neutral real interest rate and a greater prevailing monetary stimulus than previously estimated. For its part, domestic demand has been more dynamic, with a higher observed and expected output level that exceeds the economy’s productive capacity. The surprising accelerations in the headline and core inflation reflect stronger and more persistent external shocks, which, in combination with the strength of aggregate demand, indexation, higher inflation expectations and exchange rate pressures, explain the upward projected inflation trajectory at levels that exceed the target over the next two years. This is corroborated by the inflation expectations of economic analysts and those derived from the public debt market, which continued to climb and currently exceed 3%. All of the above increase the risk of unanchoring inflation expectations and could generate widespread indexation processes that may push inflation away from the target for longer. This new macroeconomic scenario suggests that the interest rate adjustment should continue towards a contractionary monetary policy landscape. 1.2. Monetary policy decision Banco de la República’s Board of Directors (BDBR), at its meetings in June and July 2022, decided to continue adjusting its monetary policy. At its June meeting, the BDBR decided to increase the monetary policy rate by 150 basis points (b.p.) and its July meeting by majority vote, on a 150 b.p. increase thereof at its July meeting. Consequently, the monetary policy interest rate currently stands at 9.0% . 1 The neutral real interest rate refers to the real interest rate level that is neither stimulative nor contractionary for aggregate demand and, therefore, does not generate pressures that lead to the close of the output gap. In a small, open economy like Colombia, this rate depends on the external neutral real interest rate, medium-term components of the country risk premium, and expected depreciation. Box 1: A Weekly Indicator of Economic Activity for Colombia Juan Pablo Cote Carlos Daniel Rojas Nicol Rodriguez Box 2: Common Inflationary Trends in Colombia Carlos D. Rojas-Martínez Nicolás Martínez-Cortés Franky Juliano Galeano-Ramírez Box 3: Shock Decomposition of 2021 Forecast Errors Nicolás Moreno Arias