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Academic literature on the topic 'Coraux profonds – Effets du climat'
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Journal articles on the topic "Coraux profonds – Effets du climat"
Abord de Chatillon, Emmanuel, and Céline Desmarais. "Le Nouveau Management Public est-il pathogène ?" Management international 16, no. 3 (July 10, 2012): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1011413ar.
Full textRossi, Sergio, Luiz Carlos Cotovicz Jr., Paulo Henrique Gomes de Oliveira Sousa, Tallita Cruz Lopes Tavares, and Carlos Eduardo Peres Teixeira. "EDITORIAL: A homage to the past aiming at the future." Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 55, Especial (March 21, 2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78606.
Full textBarreto, Marcelle Muniz, Maren Ziegler, Alexander Venn, Eric Tambutté, Didier Zoccola, Sylvie Tambutté, Denis Allemand, Chakkiath Paul Antony, Christian R. Voolstra, and Manuel Aranda. "Effects of Ocean Acidification on Resident and Active Microbial Communities of Stylophora pistillata." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (November 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.707674.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Coraux profonds – Effets du climat"
Chapron, Leila. "Response of cold-water corals to global change in the Mediterranean Sea : from the molecular to the reef scale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS590.
Full textScleractinian cold-water corals such as Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata, two cosmopolitan engineer species, are important frame-builders that provide ecological niches and nurseries for associated fauna. However, a detailed knowledge of their biology and ecology is still lacking. Such knowledge is important as these corals are threatened by pollution and climate change, especially in the Mediterranean Sea. Experimental in situ studies from this PhD first revealed that the two coral species did not have the same environmental preferences, with M. oculata favoring shallower habitats while L. pertusa did not show marked preferences. Hydrological conditions influenced their growth patterns probably by modulating the quantity and quality of food available in the deep, and by influencing sedimentation rates. Analyses in controlled conditions then showed that L. pertusa’s microbiome and metabolic pathways can change rapidly. However, the temperature increase will reduce L. pertusa’s skeletal growth and energy storage. Madrepora oculata’s skeletal growth and microbiome did not change with temperature increase but their energy storage decreased. Finally, our work showed that exposure to both macro- and microplastics limited L. pertusa’s growth by reducing access to food in one case and by inducing higher energy costs for plastic egestion in the other, while M. oculata did not appear affected to plastic exposure. In conclusion, in the deep Mediterranean Sea where water temperature may increase by 1.5°C during this century, and where plastics accumulate, the composition of coral communities is expected to change, which will have a direct impact on the reef associated fauna
Gonzalez, Cécile. "Quantification de l'acidification de l'océan par l'analyse géochimique des coraux profonds." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112009/document.
Full textOcean acidification is caused by the absorption of rising atmospheric CO2 by seawater andrepresents a major environmental issue. Since the beginning of the industrial era, seawater pH hasdecreased by 0.1 pH units and is already threatening calcifying organisms. Boron isotopes (11B) haveproved to be a powerful geochemical tool for the reconstruction of pH variations, but has not yet beenapplied to deep-sea corals (DSC). Accurate and precise measurements of boron isotopes in coralsand seawaters were performed in order to measure small pH variations.The technique of pH reconstruction based on boron isotopes (pH-11B) was used on two specimens of the DSC Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa collected alive in the Norwegian Sea and spanning an age of 40 (3) and 67 (3) years, respectively. Acidification rates were calculated by applying a new pH-11B calibration obtained from the geochemical analysis M. oculata and L. pertusa samples cultured under different pCO2 conditions. The contribution of a biological-related vital effect on d11B was observed at macrometer scale, and a correction was finally suggested based on oxygen and carbon isotopes. Overall, the coral δ 11B-based reconstructions show a pH decrease in the Norwegian Sea since the 1940s, which seems to be related to the local hydrodynamics. The pH-11B technique was also applied to fossil DSC fragments from two “on-mound sediment cores” retrieved in the Siculo-Tunisian Strait with the aim to reconstruct the pH during the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene periods. Finally, well-preserved limestone samples from the stratigraphic sequence Nama (551-543 Ma) in Namibia were investigated for 11B to study the pH variations at the beginning of the Cambrian evolutive radiation
Chemel, Mathilde. "Effect of the temperature on cold-water coral holobiont in the North-East Atlantic Ocean." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS592.
Full textCold-water corals such as Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata, two key reef-forming species distributed worldwide, form extensive reefs providing highly valuable habitats for diverse biological communities. They are particularly threatened by increasing temperature, as models predict that temperature would further increase by up to 3 °C in the Atlantic Ocean before the end of the century. Recent work has characterised the cold-water coral ecology and has shown degraded health status both in response to lower and increased temperatures in different scleractinian species. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of their thermal response, including the response at the holobiont level (i.e. the coral host and its associated microbiome), is still poorly known. Understanding the response of cold-water corals to ocean warming using integrative approach is of paramount importance to evaluate their resilience to future water temperatures. The goal of this thesis was firstly to describe the in situ dynamics of the holobiont from L. pertusa and M. oculata in a canyon of the Bay of Biscay (NE Atlantic Ocean) to determine potential differences between Atlantic and Mediterranean populations at the growth and microbiome levels. The average polyp linear growth measured for L. pertusa was 2.4 ± 1.6 mm yr−1, which fall in the lower range compared to previous estimations. Mortality and breakage were total in M. oculata could not allow characterization of growth. Concurrently, the microbial community determination showed that L. pertusa microbiome was versatile between the two regions with high variability within canyons, while M. oculata exhibited stable microbiome across the different regions, with strong association with some bacteria. Secondly, the reproductive biology of those two species in the Mediterranean Sea was also investigated to determine potential seasonal differences with the Atlantic population. The gametogenic cycle suggests a seasonal spawning of L. pertusa in autumn to early winter, corresponding to the formation of storm-induced deep-sea water plumes, while M. oculata shows continuous reproduction, with reproductive features of a species less opportunistic than L. pertusa. The second general objective was to forecast the response of the most sensitive species, L. pertusa, to temperature changes by determining the underlying molecular mechanisms of its thermal response at the holobiont level, using measurement of physiological parameters (survival, growth, nutrition and gene expression) and microbiome response. During a two-months aquaria experiment, we showed that at a +3 and +5 °C temperature increase, L. pertusa from the NE Atlantic Ocean exhibited a modification of its microbiome concomitantly to a large mortality. A metagenomic approach reveals the presence of genes markers for virulence factors suggesting that the death of the corals was due to infections by pathogenic bacteria. In a second experiment, conducted on longer term, we showed that while a 4 °C lower temperature did not affect L. pertusa physiology and microbiome, a 4 °C increase in temperature led to massive mortality. This mortality seems to be associated to a high level of stress in the coral, as attested by the upregulation of number of genes related to immune, inflammatory and antioxidant responses, cell death and apoptosis, DNA repair and maintenance, but also the shift in coral bacterial community towards pathogens and opportunistic bacteria. Our work showed that although living in close association, L. pertusa and M. oculata exhibit distinct living strategies, including growth pattern, microbiome and reproductive biology, but also strong differences among populations. Our results from aquaria experiment suggest however that NE Atlantic L. pertusa are as sensitive to warming as other populations and it appears that all L. pertusa, independently of the region they come from will be strongly impacted by an increase of +3 °C
Courtial, Lucile. "Effets combinés du rayonnement ultraviolet et du réchauffement climatique sur les coraux Scléractiniaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066214.pdf.
Full textScleractinian corals mainly grow in the shallow euphotic zone, exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the most harmful part of the solar radiation. UVR increases with climate change and adds to the different environmental pressures that corals are facing. The aims of this thesis were to 1) better understand the effects of UVR on coral physiology, organic matter fluxes and associated bacteria; 2) assess the combined effects of UVR and thermal stress and/or nutrient level. Results show that UVR worsens the negative effect of temperature on coral physiology, similarly to nutrient depletion. Our results also indicate that the sensitivity to UVR stress (i.e. an increase in UVR) is species dependent and function of the symbiont density. The negative effects of UVR increase with the number of symbionts, likely due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause cellular damages. In the thesis, we showed that the JNK signalling pathway (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), highly conserved in living organisms, is involved in the early response of corals to UVR and its activation is required to repress stress-induced ROS accumulation. Finally, organic matter release and mucus and coral-associated bacteria are also significantly impacted by UVR, which could contribute to important biochemical changes in reef waters. The work conducted in this thesis brings new insights into the effects of UVR on corals and highlights the importance of taking this environmental factor into account when predicting the future of coral reefs under climate change
Courtial, Lucile. "Effets combinés du rayonnement ultraviolet et du réchauffement climatique sur les coraux Scléractiniaires." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066214/document.
Full textScleractinian corals mainly grow in the shallow euphotic zone, exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the most harmful part of the solar radiation. UVR increases with climate change and adds to the different environmental pressures that corals are facing. The aims of this thesis were to 1) better understand the effects of UVR on coral physiology, organic matter fluxes and associated bacteria; 2) assess the combined effects of UVR and thermal stress and/or nutrient level. Results show that UVR worsens the negative effect of temperature on coral physiology, similarly to nutrient depletion. Our results also indicate that the sensitivity to UVR stress (i.e. an increase in UVR) is species dependent and function of the symbiont density. The negative effects of UVR increase with the number of symbionts, likely due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause cellular damages. In the thesis, we showed that the JNK signalling pathway (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), highly conserved in living organisms, is involved in the early response of corals to UVR and its activation is required to repress stress-induced ROS accumulation. Finally, organic matter release and mucus and coral-associated bacteria are also significantly impacted by UVR, which could contribute to important biochemical changes in reef waters. The work conducted in this thesis brings new insights into the effects of UVR on corals and highlights the importance of taking this environmental factor into account when predicting the future of coral reefs under climate change
Ezzat, Leïla. "Effets de la disponibilité en sels nutritifs sur la réponse physiologique des coraux tropicaux dans le contexte du changement climatique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066306.pdf.
Full textReef building corals are usually thriving in oligotrophic areas, characterized by low concentrations in inorganic nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. More, nutrient starvation is known to increase with global warming. However, along the urban coasts, water eutrophication induces nutrient excess, which could lead to the breakdown of the coraldinoflagellate symbiosis. The major aims of this thesis were to assess: 1) the use and uptake capacities of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus by tropical corals according to environmental parameters; 2) the effects of nutrient limitation or enrichments in nitrogen and/or phosphorus on reef coral physiology. Results showed that corals response differed according to the chemical form, source of nitrogen and to the availability of phosphorus in the reef environment. In the presence of low phosphorus concentrations, ammonium supplementation enhanced coral metabolism and allowed coral colonies to overcome thermal stress. Conversely, nitrate enrichments negatively impacted photosynthesis and calcification processes, increasing coral bleaching susceptibility. These deleterious effects were enhanced when combined with organic matter supplementation, but repressed with addition of phosphorus. Indeed, results highlighted the tight relationship existing between phosphorus availability and coral health. During thermal stress, corals were able to increase their phosphorus uptake, this latter nutrient being essential for the holobiont metabolism. These outcomes shed a light into how marine symbioses cope with eutrophication, which is urgently required to refine risk management strategies
Ezzat, Leïla. "Effets de la disponibilité en sels nutritifs sur la réponse physiologique des coraux tropicaux dans le contexte du changement climatique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066306/document.
Full textReef building corals are usually thriving in oligotrophic areas, characterized by low concentrations in inorganic nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. More, nutrient starvation is known to increase with global warming. However, along the urban coasts, water eutrophication induces nutrient excess, which could lead to the breakdown of the coraldinoflagellate symbiosis. The major aims of this thesis were to assess: 1) the use and uptake capacities of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus by tropical corals according to environmental parameters; 2) the effects of nutrient limitation or enrichments in nitrogen and/or phosphorus on reef coral physiology. Results showed that corals response differed according to the chemical form, source of nitrogen and to the availability of phosphorus in the reef environment. In the presence of low phosphorus concentrations, ammonium supplementation enhanced coral metabolism and allowed coral colonies to overcome thermal stress. Conversely, nitrate enrichments negatively impacted photosynthesis and calcification processes, increasing coral bleaching susceptibility. These deleterious effects were enhanced when combined with organic matter supplementation, but repressed with addition of phosphorus. Indeed, results highlighted the tight relationship existing between phosphorus availability and coral health. During thermal stress, corals were able to increase their phosphorus uptake, this latter nutrient being essential for the holobiont metabolism. These outcomes shed a light into how marine symbioses cope with eutrophication, which is urgently required to refine risk management strategies
Pupier, Chloé A. "Ecologie nutritionnelle des octocoralliaires de Mer Rouge." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS036.
Full textOctocorals living in symbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates are one of the major benthic groups of tropical coral reefs. They are notably abundant within disturbed ecosystems where environmental changes have led to the decline of reef-building corals. Although nutrition plays a fundamental role in regulating the abundance of a population, the acquisition of nutrients by octocorals has received little attention to date. The aims of this thesis were to characterize the acquisition and assimilation of autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrients by octocoral species from the Red Sea, from the shallow down to the upper mesophotic zone. The results show that the autotrophic carbon fixation in octocorals is lower at shallow depth compared to scleractinians, but equivalent at mesophotic depths. In addition, the assimilation of dissolved nitrogen compounds is lower in octocorals than in scleractinian corals. These results suggest that octocorals strongly depend on heterotrophic food sources to meet their nutritional requirements. Such mixotrophy provides octocorals with a wide trophic plasticity, which may contribute to their higher resistance to cope with already on-going environmental changes
Alaguarda, Diego. "Effects of global changes on microbioeroding communities living in massive corals from the Western Indian Ocean over long term." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS237.
Full textCoral reefs are increasingly threatened by global changes as they affect both accretion and erosion processes. Among these processes, reef bioerosion is a major natural process of degradation resulting from the action of various organisms on and in carbonate substrates. Recently, a particular attention has been given to the roles played by bioeroding (or perforating) microflora, which include cyanobacteria, microalgae, and fungi, in the functioning of coral reefs, especially in the carbonate budget, because of their important role in the dissolution of dead carbonates over short term (day, month, year). The thesis's main objective was thus to study the effects of global change factors such as ocean warming and acidification, on the composition, distribution, and abundance of reef microbioeroding communities over long term. Since long-term experiments with dead corals are difficult to carry out, several coral cores from two slow-growing massive coral genera (Diploastrea sp. and Porites sp.) were collected along the Mozambique Channel, particularly in Mayotte. Those cores covered the last decades (30 to 50 years). Such massive corals are known to be natural geological archives largely colonized by microbioeroding communities which leave traces while dissolving CaCO3. To study the dynamics of microbioeroding communities in the two targeted coral genera, two innovative methods were developed: a machine learning approach to quickly and accurately analyze thousands of Scanning Electron Microscope pictures of microbioeroding traces along three vertical transects parallel to the main coral growth axis, and a lipid biomarkers approach along a coral core of Diploastrea sp.. The machine learning method based on a CNN model was first developed on the coral Diploastrea sp. with an accuracy of 93%. It was then adapted to Porites sp. by modifying a hyperparameter (95% accuracy). The geochemical approach tried identifying specific lipid markers of the boring microalga Ostreobium sp. and the coral Diploastrea sp. during the last decades. The results showed that the abundance of microbioeroding traces is 3 to 4 times higher in the coral Diploastrea sp. than in Porites sp and has decreased in both coral genera over the last decades. In Diploastrea sp., the decrease was 90% over the last 54 years and was coupled with a very important change in community composition between 1985-1986. The density (bulk) of Diploastrea sp. has also dropped significantly over the last 5 decades. Logistic regressions showed that temperature, wind speed, and internal pH of the coral, more or less coupled, are correlated to the abundance of microbioeroding traces. The geochemical approach also highlighted a significant decrease of a lipid biomarker group, the amides, over the last decades. Although it is difficult to attribute amides to a specific taxon or species in the coral skeleton, I hypothesize that they could potentially reflect the presence of microbioeroding communities. To confirm or refute the observed trends, there is a need to study more coral cores, from different areas, and over a longer period. In addition, other factors should be studied to understand better the decrease in the abundance of microbioeroding communities and its implication in coral health and resilience, such as trace metals and other variables of the carbonate system