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Journal articles on the topic 'Corallivoria'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Kopecky, Kai L., Dana T. Cook, Russell J. Schmitt, and Adrian C. Stier. "Effects of corallivory and coral colony density on coral growth and survival." Coral Reefs 40, no. 2 (February 27, 2021): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02076-z.

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AbstractA suite of processes drive variation in coral populations in space and time, yet our understanding of how variation in coral density affects coral performance is limited. Theory predicts that reductions in density can send coral populations into a predator pit, where concentrated corallivory maintains corals at low densities. In reality, how variation in coral density alters corallivory rates is poorly resolved. Here, we experimentally quantified the effects of corallivory and coral density on growth and survival of small colonies of the staghorn coral Acropora pulchra. Our findings suggest that coral density and corallivory have strong but independent effects on coral performance. In the presence of corallivores, corals suffered high but density-independent mortality. When corallivores were excluded, however, vertical extension rates of colonies increased with increasing densities. While we found no evidence for a predator pit, our results suggest that spatio-temporal variation in corallivore and coral densities can fundamentally alter population dynamics via strong effects on juvenile corals.

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2

Moerland, Michelangelo S., Chad M. Scott, and Bert W. Hoeksema. "Prey selection of corallivorous muricids at Koh Tao (Gulf of Thailand) four years after a major coral bleaching event." Contributions to Zoology 85, no. 3 (August 26, 2016): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08503003.

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Corallivorous Drupella (Muricidae) snails at Koh Tao are reported to have extended their range of prey species following a major coral bleaching event in 2010. Populations of their preferred Acropora prey had locally diminished in both size and abundance, and the snails had introduced free-living mushroom corals in their diet. Although the coral community largely recovered, the Drupella population grew and reached outbreak proportions. For this study, corallivorous muricids at Koh Tao were studied more intensively to examine their identities, distribution and prey choice four years after the bleaching event. Drupella rugosa was identified as the major outbreak species and occurred at densities > 3 m-2 in depth ranges of 2-5 and 5-8 m. The density of D. rugosa was related to the live coral cover, Acropora colony density, and depth. Resource selection ratios revealed that species of Acropora, Psammocora and Pavona corals were attacked more frequently than would be expected based on their availability. Strikingly, fungiid corals were now avoided as prey in the recovered coral community, despite them being part of the preferred diet directly after the bleaching. Although D. rugosa showed a clear prey preference, it appears to be plastic by changing with prey availability. The muricids Drupella margariticola and Morula spinosa occurred in much lower densities and were less often associated with corals. Snails of the opportunistic corallivore D. margariticola usually co-occurred in D. rugosa aggregations, although they also formed feeding aggregations by themselves. Whether M. spinosa generally associates with corals as a corallivore or a scavenger has yet to be determined. Molecular analyses did not reveal cryptic speciation among snails sampled from different coral hosts and also no geographic variation. The present study also showed that corallivory is more common among D. margariticola and M. spinosa than previously known.

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3

Konow, Nicolai, Samantha Price, Richard Abom, David Bellwood, and Peter Wainwright. "Decoupled diversification dynamics of feeding morphology following a major functional innovation in marine butterflyfishes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1860 (August 2, 2017): 20170906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0906.

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The diversity of fishes on coral reefs is influenced by the evolution of feeding innovations. For instance, the evolution of an intramandibular jaw joint has aided shifts to corallivory in Chaetodon butterflyfishes following their Miocene colonization of coral reefs. Today, over half of all Chaetodon species consume coral, easily the largest concentration of corallivores in any reef fish family. In contrast with Chaetodon , other chaetodontids, including the long-jawed bannerfishes, remain less intimately associated with coral and mainly consume other invertebrate prey. Here, we test (i) if intramandibular joint (IMJ) evolution in Chaetodon has accelerated feeding morphological diversification, and (ii) if cranial and post-cranial traits were affected similarly. We measured 19 cranial functional morphological traits, gut length and body elongation for 33 Indo-Pacific species. Comparisons of Brownian motion rate parameters revealed that cranial diversification was about four times slower in Chaetodon butterflyfishes with the IMJ than in other chaetodontids. However, the rate of gut length evolution was significantly faster in Chaetodon , with no group-differences for body elongation. The contrasting patterns of cranial and post-cranial morphological evolution stress the importance of comprehensive datasets in ecomorphology. The IMJ appears to enhance coral feeding ability in Chaetodon and represents a design breakthrough that facilitates this trophic strategy. Meanwhile, variation in gut anatomy probably reflects diversity in how coral tissues are procured and assimilated. Bannerfishes, by contrast, retain a relatively unspecialized gut for processing invertebrate prey, but have evolved some of the most extreme cranial mechanical innovations among bony fishes for procuring elusive prey.

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4

Rice, Mallory M., Rebecca L. Maher, Rebecca Vega Thurber, and Deron E. Burkepile. "Different nitrogen sources speed recovery from corallivory and uniquely alter the microbiome of a reef-building coral." PeerJ 7 (November 15, 2019): e8056. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8056.

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Corals are in decline worldwide due to local anthropogenic stressors, such as nutrient loading, and global stressors, such as ocean warming. Anthropogenic nutrient loading, which is often rich in nitrate, inhibits coral growth and worsens corals’ response to warming while natural sources of nitrogen, such as ammonium from fish excretion, promotes coral growth. Although the effects of nutrient loading and ocean warming have been well-studied, it remains unclear how these factors may interact with biotic processes, such as corallivory, to alter coral health and the coral microbiome. This study examined how nitrate vs. ammonium enrichment altered the effects of increased seawater temperature and simulated parrotfish corallivory on the health of Pocillopora meandrina and its microbial community. We tested the effects of nitrogen source on the response to corallivory under contrasting temperatures (control: 26 °C, warming: 29 °C) in a factorial mesocosm experiment in Moorea, French Polynesia. Corals were able to maintain growth rates despite simultaneous stressors. Seawater warming suppressed wound healing rates by nearly 66%. However, both ammonium and nitrate enrichment counteracted the effect of higher temperatures on would healing rates. Elevated seawater temperature and ammonium enrichment independently increased Symbiodiniaceae densities relative to controls, yet there was no effect of nitrate enrichment on algal symbiont densities. Microbiome variability increased with the addition of nitrate or ammonium. Moreover, microbial indicator analysis showed that Desulfovibrionaceae Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are indicators of exclusively temperature stress while Rhodobacteraceae and Saprospiraceae OTUs were indicators of high temperature, wounding, and nitrogen enrichment. Overall, our results suggest that nitrogen source may not alter the response of the coral host to simultaneous stressors, but that the associated microbial community may be distinct depending on the source of enrichment.

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5

Berumen, M. L., and R. D. Rotjan. "New records of corallivory in the Red Sea." Coral Reefs 29, no. 3 (April 25, 2010): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0615-4.

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6

Claremont, M., D. G. Reid, and S. T. Williams. "Evolution of corallivory in the gastropod genus Drupella." Coral Reefs 30, no. 4 (June 18, 2011): 977–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-011-0788-5.

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7

Rotjan, Randi D., and James L. Dimond. "Discriminating causes from consequences of persistent parrotfish corallivory." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 390, no. 2 (July 2010): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.04.036.

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8

Montano, Simone, Simone Fattorini, Valeriano Parravicini, Michael L. Berumen, Paolo Galli, Davide Maggioni, Roberto Arrigoni, Davide Seveso, and Giovanni Strona. "Corals hosting symbiotic hydrozoans are less susceptible to predation and disease." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1869 (December 20, 2017): 20172405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2405.

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In spite of growing evidence that climate change may dramatically affect networks of interacting species, whether—and to what extent—ecological interactions can mediate species' responses to disturbances is an open question. Here we show how a largely overseen association such as that between hydrozoans and scleractinian corals could be possibly associated with a reduction in coral susceptibility to ever-increasing predator and disease outbreaks. We examined 2455 scleractinian colonies (from both Maldivian and the Saudi Arabian coral reefs) searching for non-random patterns in the occurrence of hydrozoans on corals showing signs of different health conditions (i.e. bleaching, algal overgrowth, corallivory and different coral diseases). We show that, after accounting for geographical, ecological and co-evolutionary factors, signs of disease and corallivory are significantly lower in coral colonies hosting hydrozoans than in hydrozoan-free ones. This finding has important implications for our understanding of the ecology of coral reefs, and for their conservation in the current scenario of global change, because it suggests that symbiotic hydrozoans may play an active role in protecting their scleractinian hosts from stresses induced by warming water temperatures.

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9

Huertas, Víctor, Renato A. Morais, Roberta M. Bonaldo, and David R. Bellwood. "Parrotfish corallivory on stress-tolerant corals in the Anthropocene." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): e0250725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250725.

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Cumulative anthropogenic stressors on tropical reefs are modifying the physical and community structure of coral assemblages, altering the rich biological communities that depend on this critical habitat. As a consequence, new reef configurations are often characterized by low coral cover and a shift in coral species towards massive and encrusting corals. Given that coral numbers are dwindling in these new reef systems, it is important to evaluate the potential influence of coral predation on these remaining corals. We examined the effect of a key group of coral predators (parrotfishes) on one of the emerging dominant coral taxa on Anthropocene reefs, massive Porites. Specifically, we evaluate whether the intensity of parrotfish predation on this key reef-building coral has changed in response to severe coral reef degradation. We found evidence that coral predation rates may have decreased, despite only minor changes in parrotfish abundance. However, higher scar densities on small Porites colonies, compared to large colonies, suggests that the observed decrease in scarring rates may be a reflection of colony-size specific rates of feeding scars. Reduced parrotfish corallivory may reflect the loss of small Porites colonies, or changing foraging opportunities for parrotfishes. The reduction in scar density on massive Porites suggests that the remaining stress-tolerant corals may have passed the vulnerable small colony stage. These results highlight the potential for shifts in ecological functions on ecosystems facing high levels of environmental stress.

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10

Cole, A. J., M. S. Pratchett, and G. P. Jones. "Corallivory in tubelip wrasses: diet, feeding and trophic importance." Journal of Fish Biology 76, no. 4 (March 2010): 818–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02530.x.

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11

Bettarel, Yvan, Sébastien Halary, Jean-Christophe Auguet, Thanh Chi Mai, Ngoc Van Bui, Thierry Bouvier, Patrice Got, Corinne Bouvier, Sonia Monteil-Bouchard, and Desnues Christelle. "Corallivory and the microbial debacle in two branching scleractinians." ISME Journal 12, no. 4 (January 16, 2018): 1109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-017-0033-5.

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12

Stella, J. S. "Evidence of corallivory by the keyhole limpet Diodora galeata." Coral Reefs 31, no. 2 (February 5, 2012): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-012-0877-0.

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13

Pratchett, M. S., N. A. J. Graham, and A. J. Cole. "Specialist corallivores dominate butterflyfish assemblages in coral-dominated reef habitats." Journal of Fish Biology 82, no. 4 (March 13, 2013): 1177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12056.

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14

Lenihan, HS, and PJ Edmunds. "Response of Pocillopora verrucosa to corallivory varies with environmental conditions." Marine Ecology Progress Series 409 (June 23, 2010): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08595.

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15

Burkepile, Deron E. "Context-dependent corallivory by parrotfishes in a Caribbean reef ecosystem." Coral Reefs 31, no. 1 (September 25, 2011): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-011-0824-5.

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16

Burkepile, Deron E., Thomas C. Adam, Madelyn Roycroft, Mark C. Ladd, Katrina S. Munsterman, and Benjamin I. Ruttenberg. "Species-specific patterns in corallivory and spongivory among Caribbean parrotfishes." Coral Reefs 38, no. 3 (May 9, 2019): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-019-01808-6.

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17

Rotjan, Randi D., and Sara M. Lewis. "Parrotfish abundance and selective corallivory on a Belizean coral reef." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 335, no. 2 (August 2006): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.03.015.

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18

Zapata, Fernando A., María Del Mar Palacios, Valentina Zambrano, and Melina Rodríguez-Moreno. "Filling the gaps: first record of the Crown-of-thorns Starfish, Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus, 1758) (Spinulosida: Acanthasteridae), at Gorgona Island, Colombia, Tropical Eastern Pacific." Check List 13, no. 3 (May 9, 2017): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/13.3.2112.

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We report the occurrence of a major corallivore, the Crown-of-thorns Starfish Acanthaster planci, on the coral reefs of Gorgona Island, Tropical Eastern Pacific. Three individuals were sighted on opposite sides of the island, where they fed on small coral colonies of Pavona varians and Pocillopora damicornis. These sightings are noteworthy in light of reports that have demonstrated that the geographic distribution of A. planci is gradually increasing in the equatorial eastern Pacific, particularly south of the Gulf of Chiriquí (Panama) where it was previously absent.

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19

Cole, A. J. "Cleaning to corallivory: ontogenetic shifts in feeding ecology of tubelip wrasse." Coral Reefs 29, no. 1 (November 12, 2009): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0563-z.

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20

Lenihan, Hunter S., Sally J. Holbrook, Russell J. Schmitt, and Andrew J. Brooks. "Influence of corallivory, competition, and habitat structure on coral community shifts." Ecology 92, no. 10 (October 2011): 1959–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0108.1.

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21

MORTON, BRIAN, GRAHAM BLACKMORE, and C. T. KWOK. "CORALLIVORY AND PREY CHOICE BY DRUPELLA RUGOSA (GASTROPODA: MURICIDAE) IN HONG KONG." Journal of Molluscan Studies 68, no. 3 (August 2002): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/68.3.217.

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22

Mumby, Peter J. "Herbivory versus corallivory: are parrotfish good or bad for Caribbean coral reefs?" Coral Reefs 28, no. 3 (May 3, 2009): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0501-0.

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23

Palacios, M. M., C. G. Muñoz, and F. A. Zapata. "Fish corallivory on a pocilloporid reef and experimental coral responses to predation." Coral Reefs 33, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-014-1173-y.

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24

Wolf, Alexander T., and Maggy M. Nugues. "Synergistic effects of algal overgrowth and corallivory on Caribbean reef-building corals." Ecology 94, no. 8 (August 2013): 1667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-0680.1.

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25

Boland, Raymond C., K. David Hyrenbach, Edward E. DeMartini, Frank A. Parrish, and John J. Rooney. "Comparing mesophotic and shallow reef fish assemblages in the 'Au'au Channel, Hawaii: fish size, feeding guild composition, species richness, and endemism." Bulletin of Marine Science 96, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0031.

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Mesophotic (30–150 m) reef fish assemblages in the 'Au'au Channel, between the Hawaiian Islands of Maui and Lanai, were compared visually with neighboring shallow (<30 m depth) reef fish assemblages for differences in structure. Between 2007 and 2011, approximately 7000 mesophotic and 4000 shallow reef fishes were identified, sized (standard length), and assigned to seven foraging guilds. The shallow water zone had more species than the mesophotic zone (99 vs 80, respectively). Mesophotic planktivores and two herbivore species were significantly larger than their shallow reef counterparts. Shallow reef fish assemblages had a higher Chao1 estimated species richness for herbivores and corallivores but not the other five foraging guilds. The differences between mesophotic and shallow fish assemblages indicate that both have unique communities of high conservation importance.

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26

Deaker, DJ, B. Mos, C. Lawson, SA Dworjanyn, C. Budden, and M. Byrne. "Coral defences: the perilous transition of juvenile crown-of-thorns starfish to corallivory." Marine Ecology Progress Series 665 (April 29, 2021): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13660.

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The transition from the post-settlement herbivorous juvenile to the coral-eating stage of crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) is a fundamental step to seed population outbreaks that decimate tropical coral reefs. How the highly cryptic juveniles fare during this transition is poorly understood. We show that the juveniles are vulnerable to attack by coral during this ontogenetic diet shift to coral prey. We monitored the condition, growth, and survival of juvenile COTS during the first 3.5 mo on a diet of Acropora sp. In initial encounters, juveniles often withdrew their arms to avoid the defensive nematocysts of the corals. Within the first 67 d of being offered coral, 37.8% of the juveniles experienced various levels of sublethal and lethal damage. Damaged arms were reduced to ~65.4% of the length of an intact arm, but most injured juveniles were able to regenerate their arms with an average predicted recovery time of ~4 mo. Although sublethal damage slowed the growth of injured juveniles, their capacity to regenerate is likely to contribute to the success of this highly prolific species. Despite being the prey of COTS, coral can influence the survival of juveniles, and potentially reduce their ecological impact by prolonging their growth to reproductive maturity, delaying their transition into a coral predator, and thereby hindering recruitment into the adult population.

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27

Brooker, R. M., P. L. Munday, and T. D. Ainsworth. "Diets of coral-dwelling fishes of the genus Gobiodon with evidence of corallivory." Journal of Fish Biology 76, no. 10 (May 6, 2010): 2578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02644.x.

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28

Oren, U., I. Brickner, and Y. Loya. "Prudent sessile feeding by the corallivore snail, Coralliophila violacea on coral energy sinks." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 265, no. 1410 (November 7, 1998): 2043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0538.

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29

Jarett, J. K., D. J. Gochfeld, and M. P. Lesser. "Aposematic coloration does not deter corallivory by fish on the coral Montastraea cavernosa." Coral Reefs 35, no. 3 (April 21, 2016): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-016-1443-y.

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30

Glynn, Peter W., and David A. Krupp. "Feeding biology of a Hawaiian sea star corallivore, Culcita novaeguineae Muller & Troschel." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 96, no. 1 (April 1986): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(86)90014-6.

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31

Crosby, Michael P., and Ernst S. Reese. "Relationship of habitat stability and intra-specific population dynamics of an obligate corallivore butterflyfish." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15, S1 (2005): S13—S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.697.

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32

Deaker, Dione J., Antonio Agüera, Huang-An Lin, Corinne Lawson, Claire Budden, Symon A. Dworjanyn, Benjamin Mos, and Maria Byrne. "The hidden army: corallivorous crown-of-thorns seastars can spend years as herbivorous juveniles." Biology Letters 16, no. 4 (April 2020): 20190849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0849.

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Crown-of-thorns seastar (COTS) outbreaks are a major threat to coral reefs. Although the herbivorous juveniles and their switch to corallivory are key to seeding outbreaks, they remain a black box in our understanding of COTS. We investigated the impact of a delay in diet transition due to coral scarcity in cohorts reared on crustose coralline algae for 10 months and 6.5 years before being offered coral. Both cohorts achieved an asymptotic size (16–18 mm diameter) on algae and had similar exponential growth on coral. After 6.5 years of herbivory, COTS were competent coral predators. This trophic and growth plasticity results in a marked age–size disconnect adding unappreciated complexity to COTS boom–bust dynamics. The potential that herbivorous juveniles accumulate in the reef infrastructure to seed outbreaks when favourable conditions arise has implications for management of COTS populations.

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33

Bruckner, Andrew W., and Georgia Coward. "Abnormal density of Culcita schmideliana delays recovery of a reef system in the Maldives following a catastrophic bleaching event." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 2 (2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18184.

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Culcita spp. are facultative corallivores that can have a selective effect on coral composition due to their feeding preference for Acropora spp. and Pocillopora spp. Although Culcita are normally rare (<0.5 per 100m2), mean densities of up to 9.2 sea stars per 100m2 were observed on a Maldivian reef system, with the highest numbers on the reef flat and reef crest. Culcita fed on 12 genera of corals, but showed a distinct preference for Pocillopora (51%) and Acropora (21%). Formerly the dominant corals on Maldivian reefs, these genera sustained 80–95% mortality from coral bleaching in 2016. Low numbers of juvenile acroporids and pocilloporids were slowly recolonising the reef, but 24% had recently been eaten by Culcita schmideliana. The abnormal abundance of C. schmideliana and high number of recently dead juvenile corals suggest that chronic predation by C. schmideliana could delay the recovery of reefs damaged by the 2016 mass bleaching event.

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34

Rafly, Nidzar Muhammad, I. Wayan Gede Astawa Karang, and Widiastuti Widiastuti. "Hubungan Rugositas Terumbu Karang terhadap Struktur Komunitas Ikan Corallivor dan Herbivor di Perairan Pemuteran, Bali." Journal of Marine Research and Technology 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmrt.2020.v03.i01.p02.

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Reef fishes are the highest number of organisms that can be found in coral reefs in which the abundance depends on the healthy of this ecosystem. Reef fishes are mainly consisted of corallivorous and herbivorous fish. Corralivorous fish feeds on coral polyps while herbivorous fish feeds on algae. Therefore these fishes are an important indicators in the resilience of coral reefs. Studies showed that its abundance is strongly correlated with reef’s conture (rugosity). Pemuteran waters is one of developing tourists attraction in the north Bali island. However, the data of reef fishes and coral reefs in Pemuteran waters remain limited. Therefore, this research aimed to study the reef` condition and rugosity in Pemuteran waters, also to examine the correlation between reefs fishes and reefs rugosity in this area. There were four stations according to purposive sampling method. Data of corallivorous and herbivorous fishes were collected by using the underwater visual census with a 40 m2 transect. Reef rugosity index were determined by using chain transect method. Results showed that reef rugosity in Pemuteran waters was in the medium to high category. Reef rugosity has strong correlation with the total abundance and diversity of corallivorous fishes. However, reef rugosity was only strong correlated with the total abundance but not with the diversity of herbivorous fishes.

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35

Potkamp, Gerrit, Mark J. A. Vermeij, and Bert W. Hoeksema. "Genetic and morphological variation in corallivorous snails (Coralliophila spp.) living on different host corals at Curaçao, southern Caribbean." Contributions to Zoology 86, no. 2 (June 8, 2017): 111—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08602002.

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Snails of the genus Coralliophila (Muricidae: Coralliophilinae) are common corallivores in the Caribbean, feeding on a wide range of host species. In the present study, the morphological and genetic variation in C. galea and C. caribaea were studied in relation to their association with host coral species at Curaçao. Differences in shell shape among snails living on different hosts were quantified using geometric morphometric and phylogenetic relationships were studied using two mitochondrial markers (12S and COI). Based on these analyses, a new species, C. curacaoensis sp. nov., was found in association with the scleractinian coral Madracis auretenra. Both C. galea and C. caribaea showed host-specific differences in shell shape, size, and shell allometry (i.e. changes in morphological development during growth). Shell spire variability contributed foremost to the overall variation in shell shape. In C. caribaea minor genetic differences existed between snails associated with scleractinian and alcyonacean corals, whereas in C. galea such intraspecific variation was not found. These results shed more light on morphological and genetic differences among coral-associated fauna living on different host species.

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36

Roff, George, Mary H. Ledlie, Juan C. Ortiz, and Peter J. Mumby. "Spatial Patterns of Parrotfish Corallivory in the Caribbean: The Importance of Coral Taxa, Density and Size." PLoS ONE 6, no. 12 (December 27, 2011): e29133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029133.

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37

Reyes-Bonilla, Hector, and Luis Eduardo Calderon-Aguilera. "Population Density, Distribution and Consumption Rates of Three Corallivores at Cabo Pulmo Reef, Gulf of California, Mexico." Marine Ecology 20, no. 3-4 (December 1999): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0485.1999.2034080.x.

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38

Prabowo, B., K. Fahlevy, N. F. D. Putra, M. Rizqydiani, B. M. K. Rahman, A. Habibie, B. Subhan, and H. Madduppa. "Trophic structure of reef fishes and relationship of corallivore fishes with hard coral in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 278 (May 23, 2019): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/278/1/012059.

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Montalbetti, Enrico, Luca Saponari, Simone Montano, Davide Maggioni, Inga Dehnert, Paolo Galli, and Davide Seveso. "New insights into the ecology and corallivory of Culcita sp. (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Republic of Maldives." Hydrobiologia 827, no. 1 (October 8, 2018): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3786-6.

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Knoester, EG, AJ Murk, and R. Osinga. "Benefits of herbivorous fish outweigh costs of corallivory in coral nurseries placed close to a Kenyan patch reef." Marine Ecology Progress Series 611 (February 14, 2019): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12869.

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Tsang, Ryan Ho Leung, Apple Pui Yi Chui, Kwan Ting Wong, and Put Ang. "Corallivory plays a limited role in the mortality of new coral recruits in Hong Kong marginal coral communities." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 503 (June 2018): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.03.003.

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Leahy, Susannah M., Garry R. Russ, and Rene A. Abesamis. "Primacy of bottom-up effects on a butterflyfish assemblage." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 8 (2016): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15012.

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The question of whether biological systems are maintained by top-down versus bottom-up drivers is a recurring one in ecology. It is a particularly important question to address in the management of coral reefs, which are at risk from a variety of anthropogenic stressors. Here, we explicitly test whether the abundance of different feeding guilds of coral-associated Chaetodon butterflyfishes are controlled by top-down or bottom-up drivers, and we assess the relative influence of all statistically significant drivers. We find that the abundance and species richness of Chaetodon butterflyfishes are predominately determined by bottom-up drivers. The abundance of corallivores is primarily driven by availability of branching and tabular live corals, whereas the abundance of generalists is most strongly influenced by a negative association with macroalgal cover. We also find evidence of weak top-down control on the abundance of corallivorous butterflyfish by gape-limited mesopredators, but no such effects on generalist butterflyfish. Our findings indicate that conservation of coral reefs for Chaetodon butterflyfishes must include management at a larger spatial scale in order to reduce the effect of coral reef stressors such as declining water quality and climate change, but should also include implementation of fisheries management tools in order to increase local herbivory.

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Cox, Evelyn F. "The effects of a selective corallivore on growth rates and competition for space between two species of Hawaiian corals." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 101, no. 1-2 (October 1986): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(86)90047-x.

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Wilmes, Jennifer C., Andrew S. Hoey, and Morgan S. Pratchett. "Contrasting size and fate of juvenile crown-of-thorns starfish linked to ontogenetic diet shifts." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1931 (July 22, 2020): 20201052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1052.

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Population dynamics of organisms are shaped by the variation in phenotypic traits, often expressed even among individuals from the same cohort. For example, individual variation in the timing of ontogenetic shifts in diet and/or habitat greatly influences subsequent growth and survival of some organisms, with critical effects on population dynamics. Few studies of natural systems have, however, demonstrated that marked phenotypic variation in growth rates or body size among individuals within a modelled cohort is linked to dietary shifts and food availability. Population irruptions of the crown-of-thorns starfish are one of the foremost contributors to the global degradation of coral reefs, but causes of irruptions have been debated for decades. Here we demonstrate, based on extensive field sampling of juvenile starfish ( n = 3532), that marked variation in body size among juvenile starfish is linked to an ontogenetic diet shift from coralline algae to coral. This transition in diet leads to exponential growth in juveniles and is essential for individuals to reach maturity. Because smaller individuals experience higher mortality and growth is stunted on an algal diet, the ontogenetic shift to corallivory enhances individual fitness and replenishment success. Our findings suggest that the availability of coral prey facilitates early ontogenetic diet shifts and may be fundamental in initiating population irruptions.

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Somchuea, Sirirat, Mullica Jaroensutasinee, and Krisanadej Jaroensutasinee. "Marine Resource Recovery Following the COVID-19 Event in Southern Thailand." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 2521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-11-011.

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This study investigated coral and reef fish recovery following the COVID-19 event between low and high environmental disturbance reefs at Racha Yai Island, Southern Thailand. Three and four 50-m permanent line transects were set at low and high environmental reefs to collect the percent of live coral cover, fish diversity and abundance, and fish trophic-functional groups based on diet and habitat use. Our results showed a significant rise in the percentage of live coral cover, the number of individual fish, the number of fish species, and species richness at both bays following the COVID-19 lockdown due to a crucial reduction in human activities on the reef. In addition, there were increases in the number of corallivore fishes belonging to Chaetodontidae and Pomacentridae families and a reduction of omnivorous fish at the fish-feeding tourist attraction reefs due during the COVID-19 lockdown due to reducing fish-feeding tourism. This indicated that restricted human activities and reduced anthropogenic stress on a coral reef may have substantial short-term impacts on reef fish diversity. Our insights could help designate guidelines to manage tourist impacts on coral reefs and aid in their prolonged persistence. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-11-011 Full Text: PDF

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MAH, CHRISTOPHER, MARTHA NIZINSKI, and LONNY LUNDSTEN. "Phylogenetic revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): systematics of deep sea corallivores, including one new genus and three new species." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160, no. 2 (September 28, 2010): 266–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00638.x.

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Osuka, Kennedy, Marc Kochzius, Ann Vanreusel, David Obura, and Melita Samoilys. "Linkage between fish functional groups and coral reef benthic habitat composition in the Western Indian Ocean." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 2 (October 10, 2016): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001399.

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Benthic habitat composition is a key factor that structures assemblages of coral reef fishes. However, natural and anthropogenic induced disturbances impact this relationship. This study investigates the link between benthic habitat composition and fish functional groups in four countries in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). Benthic composition of 32 sites was quantified visually from percentage cover of hard and soft corals, rubble, turf, fleshy and crustose coralline algae. At each site, abundance of 12 coral-associated fish functional groups in 50 × 5 m transects was determined. Cluster analysis characterized reefs based on benthic cover and revealed five habitat types (A, B, C, D and E) typified by decreasing cover of hard corals, increasing cover of turf and/or fleshy algae and differences in benthic diversity. Habitat type A was present in all four countries. Other habitats types showed geographic affiliations: notably Comoros sites clustered in either habitats B or E, northern Madagascar had B, C and D type habitats, whereas sites in central Tanzania and northern Mozambique had habitats D and E. Fish functional groups showed significant linkages with some habitat types. The abundances of corallivores, invertivores, detritivores and grazers were higher in habitat B, whereas planktivores and small excavators showed lower abundances in the same habitat. These linkages between benthic habitat types and fish functional groups are important in informing priority reefs that require conservation and management planning.

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Gibbs, David A., and Mark E. Hay. "Spatial patterns of coral survivorship: impacts of adult proximity versus other drivers of localized mortality." PeerJ 3 (November 24, 2015): e1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1440.

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Species-specific enemies may promote prey coexistence through negative distance- and density-dependent survival of juveniles near conspecific adults. We tested this mechanism by transplanting juvenile-sized fragments of the brooding coralsPocillopora damicornisandSeriatopora hystrix3, 12, 24 and 182 cm up- and down-current of conspecific adults and monitoring their survival and condition over time. We also characterized the spatial distribution ofP. damicornisandS. hystrixwithin replicate plots on three Fijian reef flats and measured the distribution of small colonies within 2 m of larger colonies of each species. Juvenile-sized transplants exhibited no differences in survivorship as a function of distance from adultP. damicornisorS. hystrix. Additionally, bothP. damicornisandS. hystrixwere aggregated rather than overdispersed on natural reefs. However, a pattern of juveniles being aggregated near adults while larger (and probably older) colonies were not suggests that greater mortality near large adults could occur over longer periods of time or that size-dependent mortality was occurring. While we found minimal evidence of greater mortality of small colonies near adult conspecifics in our transplant experiments, we did document hot-spots of species-specific corallivory. We detected spatially localized and temporally persistent predation onP. damicornisby the territorial triggerfishBalistapus undulatus. This patchy predation did not occur forS. hystrix. This variable selective regime in an otherwise more uniform environment could be one mechanism maintaining diversity of corals on Indo-Pacific reefs.

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MacDonald, Chancey, Geoffrey P. Jones, and Tom Bridge. "Marginal sinks or potential refuges? Costs and benefits for coral-obligate reef fishes at deep range margins." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1890 (November 7, 2018): 20181545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1545.

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Escalating climate-related disturbances and asymmetric habitat losses will increasingly result in species living in more marginal habitats. Marginal habitats may represent important refuges if individuals can acquire adequate resources to survive and reproduce. However, resources at range margins are often distributed more sparsely; therefore, increased effort to acquire resources can result in suboptimal performance and lead to marginal populations becoming non-self-sustaining sink-populations. Shifting resource availability is likely to be particularly problematic for dietary specialists. Here, we use extensive in situ behavioural observations and physiological condition measurements to examine the costs and benefits of resource-acquisition along a depth gradient in two obligate corallivore reef fishes with contrasting levels of dietary specialization. As expected, the space used to secure coral resources increased towards the lower depth margin. However, increased territory sizes resulted in equal or greater availability of resources within deeper territories. In addition, we observed decreased competition and no differences in foraging distance, pairing behaviour, body condition or fecundity at greater depths. Contrary to expectation, our results demonstrate that coral-obligate fishes can select high-quality coral patches on the deeper-reef to access equal or greater resources than their shallow-water counterparts, with no extra costs. This suggests depth offers a viable potential refuge for some at-risk coral-specialist fishes.

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Verboom, Lukas, and Bert W. Hoeksema. "Resource Partitioning by Corallivorous Snails on Bonaire (Southern Caribbean)." Diversity 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010034.

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A biodiversity survey on three corallivorous snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) was performed at 28 sites around the island of Bonaire to assess their distribution patterns and associated host corals. The snails and their hosts were identified and counted in three depth zones: 5–10, 10–20, and 20–30 m. The snails were Coralliophila galea and C. salebrosa (Muricidae: Coralliophilinae), and Cyphoma gibbosum (Ovulidae: Simniinae). All three species were widespread around the island without apparent interspecific geographical variation. Coralliophila galea was found exclusively on scleractinian corals, Coralliophila salebrosa almost exclusively on octocorals, and Cyphoma gibbosum only on octocorals. Coralliophila salebrosa showed more dietary overlap with Cyphoma gibbosum than with Coralliophila galea. Coralliophila galea was the most commonly encountered species with the largest number of host species. Owing to its hosts distribution, this species also showed a greater maximum depth and a wider bathymetrical range than the other two snails. The other two snails were shallower and their depth ranges did not differ significantly. Host-coral size did not seem to have influence on the number of snails per host. Coral damage caused by the snails was visible but appeared to be low, causing no mortality in Bonaire, which suggests that the relation with their hosts is more parasitic than predatory. Because these three corallivores have occasionally been reported to occur as outbreaks in other Caribbean localities and may act as vectors in the dispersal of coral diseases, it is recommended that future studies should focus on their population dynamics.

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