Relevant bibliographies by topics / Coral samples

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Academic literature on the topic 'Coral samples'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Coral samples"

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Lema, Kimberley A., Bette L. Willis, and David G. Bourne. "Corals Form Characteristic Associations with Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 9 (February 17, 2012): 3136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07800-11.

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ABSTRACTThe complex symbiotic relationship between corals and their dinoflagellate partnerSymbiodiniumis believed to be sustained through close associations with mutualistic bacterial communities, though little is known about coral associations with bacterial groups able to fix nitrogen (diazotrophs). In this study, we investigated the diversity of diazotrophic bacterial communities associated with three common coral species (Acropora millepora,Acropora muricata, andPocillopora damicormis) from three midshelf locations of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) by profiling the conserved subunit of thenifHgene, which encodes the dinitrogenase iron protein. Comparisons of diazotrophic community diversity among coral tissue and mucus microenvironments and the surrounding seawater revealed that corals harbor diversenifHphylotypes that differ between tissue and mucus microhabitats. Coral mucusnifHsequences displayed high heterogeneity, and many bacterial groups overlapped with those found in seawater. Moreover, coral mucus diazotrophs were specific neither to coral species nor to reef location, reflecting the ephemeral nature of coral mucus. In contrast, the dominant diazotrophic bacteria in tissue samples differed among coral species, with differences remaining consistent at all three reefs, indicating that coral-diazotroph associations are species specific. Notably, dominant diazotrophs for all coral species were closely related to the bacterial group rhizobia, which represented 71% of the total sequences retrieved from tissue samples. The species specificity of coral-diazotroph associations further supports the coral holobiont model that bacterial groups associated with corals are conserved. Our results suggest that, as in terrestrial plants, rhizobia have developed a mutualistic relationship with corals and may contribute fixed nitrogen toSymbiodinium.
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Andersson, Erik, Rusty Day, Julie Loewenstein, Cheryl Woodley, and Tracey Schock. "Evaluation of Sample Preparation Methods for the Analysis of Reef-Building Corals Using 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics." Metabolites 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9020032.

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The field of metabolomics generally lacks standardized methods for the preparation of samples prior to analysis. This is especially true for metabolomics of reef-building corals, where the handful of studies that were published employ a range of sample preparation protocols. The utilization of metabolomics may prove essential in understanding coral biology in the face of increasing environmental threats, and an optimized method for preparing coral samples for metabolomics analysis would aid this cause. The current study evaluates three important steps during sample processing of stony corals: (i) metabolite extraction, (ii) metabolism preservation, and (iii) subsampling. Results indicate that a modified Bligh and Dyer extraction is more reproducible across multiple coral species compared to methyl tert-butyl ether and methanol extractions, while a methanol extraction is superior for feature detection. Additionally, few differences were detected between spectra from frozen or lyophilized coral samples. Finally, extraction of entire coral nubbins increased feature detection, but decreased throughput and was more susceptible to subsampling error compared to a novel tissue powder subsampling method. Overall, we recommend the use of a modified Bligh and Dyer extraction, lyophilized samples, and the analysis of brushed tissue powder for the preparation of reef-building coral samples for 1H NMR metabolomics.
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Briggs, Amy A., Anya L. Brown, and Craig W. Osenberg. "Local versus site-level effects of algae on coral microbial communities." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 9 (September 2021): 210035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210035.

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Microbes influence ecological processes, including the dynamics and health of macro-organisms and their interactions with other species. In coral reefs, microbes mediate negative effects of algae on corals when corals are in contact with algae. However, it is unknown whether these effects extend to larger spatial scales, such as at sites with high algal densities. We investigated how local algal contact and site-level macroalgal cover influenced coral microbial communities in a field study at two islands in French Polynesia, Mo'orea and Mangareva. At 5 sites at each island, we sampled prokaryotic microbial communities (microbiomes) associated with corals, macroalgae, turf algae and water, with coral samples taken from individuals that were isolated from or in contact with turf or macroalgae. Algal contact and macroalgal cover had antagonistic effects on coral microbiome alpha and beta diversity. Additionally, coral microbiomes shifted and became more similar to macroalgal microbiomes at sites with high macroalgal cover and with algal contact, although the microbial taxa that changed varied by island. Our results indicate that coral microbiomes can be affected by algae outside of the coral's immediate vicinity, and local- and site-level effects of algae can obscure each other's effects when both scales are not considered.
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Beman, J. Michael, Kathryn J. Roberts, Linda Wegley, Forest Rohwer, and Christopher A. Francis. "Distribution and Diversity of Archaeal Ammonia Monooxygenase Genes Associated with Corals." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 17 (June 22, 2007): 5642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00461-07.

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ABSTRACT Corals are known to harbor diverse microbial communities of Bacteria and Archaea, yet the ecological role of these microorganisms remains largely unknown. Here we report putative ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) genes of archaeal origin associated with corals. Multiple DNA samples drawn from nine coral species and four different reef locations were PCR screened for archaeal and bacterial amoA genes, and archaeal amoA gene sequences were obtained from five different species of coral collected in Bocas del Toro, Panama. The 210 coral-associated archaeal amoA sequences recovered in this study were broadly distributed phylogenetically, with most only distantly related to previously reported sequences from coastal/estuarine sediments and oceanic water columns. In contrast, the bacterial amoA gene could not be amplified from any of these samples. These results offer further evidence for the widespread presence of the archaeal amoA gene in marine ecosystems, including coral reefs.
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Esquivel-Garrote, Octavio, and Álvaro Morales-Ramírez. "Community structure of coral reef zooplankton in Isla del Coco National Park, a natural World Heritage site in the Eastern Tropical Pacific." Revista de Biología Tropical 68, S1 (March 24, 2020): S248—S260. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68is1.41188.

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Introduction: Zooplankton is a major link between primary producers and the following trophic levels, and in coral reefs they represent an energy source for corals and involve complex assemblies integrating a wide variety of species form different functional groups. Objective: To define interannual changes in zooplankton assemblies in coral reefs of Isla del Coco. Methods: Three coral reefs system were sampled. Two or three samples were taken by surface horizontal trawls in each coral reef from 2009 to 2012, using conical zooplankton nets of 200 and 500 µm mesh sizes at different times of the day. Physical and chemical variables were measured before zooplankton sampling. Results: We identified 24 taxonomic groups of macrozooplankton and 22 of mesozooplankton. Copepods were the most abundant taxa (87.1%) of the total abundance of mesozooplankton and macrozooplakton (58.9%); however, chaetognaths (35.6%) exceeded copepods (35.4%) in abundance in macrozooplankton samples during 2011. Mesozooplankton samples showed higher abundance (68753.2±9123.2 ind m-3) and biomass (85.14±11.3 mg DW m-3) than macrozooplankton samples (4454.9±751.0 ind m-3, 22.8±3.8 mg DW m-3). The interannual macrozooplankton community structure did not change significantly (ANOVA, p=0.368), but did change for mesozooplankton (ANOVA, p=0.001). Variations in physical and chemical variables influenced the community structure for both meso and macrozooplankton, increasing or decreasing organism abundance. Conclusions: Coral reef zooplankton of Isla del Coco resembles that of other coral reefs under the influence of oceanic conditions, with a fauna formed mainly by calanoid copepods, chaetognaths and appendicularians, and depending on oceanographic conditions, the abundance of these groups can change.
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Gong, Sanqiang, Xuejie Jin, Lijuan Ren, Yehui Tan, and Xiaomin Xia. "Unraveling Heterogeneity of Coral Microbiome Assemblages in Tropical and Subtropical Corals in the South China Sea." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (April 21, 2020): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040604.

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Understanding the coral microbiome is critical for predicting the fidelity of coral symbiosis with growing surface seawater temperature (SST). However, how the coral microbiome will respond to increasing SST is still understudied. Here, we compared the coral microbiome assemblages among 73 samples across six typical South China Sea coral species in two thermal regimes. The results revealed that the composition of microbiome varied across both coral species and thermal regimes, except for Porites lutea. The tropical coral microbiome displayed stronger heterogeneity and had a more un-compacted ecological network than subtropical coral microbiome. The coral microbiome was more strongly determined by environmental factors than host specificity. γ- (32%) and α-proteobacteria (19%), Bacteroidetes (14%), Firmicutes (14%), Actinobacteria (6%) and Cyanobacteria (2%) dominated the coral microbiome. Additionally, bacteria inferred to play potential roles in host nutrients metabolism, several keystone bacteria detected in human and plant rhizospheric microbiome were retrieved in explored corals. This study not only disentangles how different host taxa and microbiome interact and how such an interaction is affected by thermal regimes, but also identifies previously unrecognized keystone bacteria in corals, and also infers the community structure of coral microbiome will be changed from a compacted to an un-compacted network under elevated SST.
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Lifshitz, Nofar, Lena Hazanov, Maoz Fine, and Oded Yarden. "Seasonal Variations in the Culturable Mycobiome of Acropora loripes along a Depth Gradient." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081139.

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Coral associated fungi are widespread, highly diverse and are part and parcel of the coral holobiont. To study how environmental conditions prevailing near the coral-host may affect fungal diversity, the culturable (isolated on potato dextrose agar) mycobiome associated with Acropora loripes colonies was seasonally sampled along a depth gradient in the Gulf of Aqaba. Fragments were sampled from both apparently healthy coral colonies as well as those exhibiting observable lesions. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 197 fungal sequences, Ascomycota were the most prevalent (91.9%). The abundance of fungi increased with increasing water depth, where corals sampled at 25 m yielded up to 70% more fungal colony forming units (CFUs) than those isolated at 6 m. Fungal diversity at 25 m was also markedly higher, with over 2-fold more fungal families represented. Diversity was also higher in lesioned coral samples, when compared to apparently healthy colonies. In winter, concurrent with water column mixing and increased levels of available nutrients, at the shallow depths, Saccharomytacea and Sporidiobolacea were more prevalent, while in spring and fall Trichocomacea (overall, the most prevalent family isolated throughout this study) were the most abundant taxa isolated at these depths as well as at deeper sampling sites. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the culturable coral mycobiome and its sensitivity to environmental conditions and coral health.
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Dosoky, Muhammad Y., Fedekar F. Madkour, Mohamed I. Ahmed, and Mahmoud H. Hanafy. "Molecular Survey on Symbiodinium of Some Scleractinean Coral Spp. and a Fire Coral sp. along the Red Sea of Egypt." International Marine Science Journal 1, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2643-0282.imsj-18-2508.

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The present study introduce an overview on the cladal structure of Symbiodinium population associated with some species of scleractinean corals and fire coral in the Egyptian Red Sea coast and discuss the possible consequences of recent climate changes on coral reefs. Cladal structure of Symbiodinium populations associated with eight keystone species of scleractinean corals and one species of fire coral that collected along Egyptian Red Sea coast, during 2012-2013, had been resolved based on 18S nrDNA and ITS2 genetic markers. Only Symbiodinium subclades C1 and A1 were identified from all examined species. Symbiodinium C1 was the dominant subclade that associated with 61% of coral samples. Results revealed that the studied pocilloporid corals were associated with Symbiodinium C1 and/or A1 while acroporids were only associated with Symbiodinium C1. The present data also indicated that Symbiodinium C1 occurred at high densities than A1 or A1+C1 combination. Because of the relative thermal susceptibility of clades C and A, the current study addresses that the recent climate changes may derive dramatic changes on community structure of coral reefs at the Red Sea.
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Fujii, Takanori, Yasuaki Tanaka, Koh Maki, Nobue Saotome, Naoko Morimoto, Atsushi Watanabe, and Toshihiro Miyajima. "Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Isoscapes of Reef Corals and Algal Symbionts: Relative Influences of Environmental Gradients and Heterotrophy." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081221.

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The elemental (C/N) and stable isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) compositions and compound-specific δ15N values of amino acids (δ15NAA) were evaluated for coral holobionts as diagnostic tools to detect spatiotemporal environmental heterogeneity and its effects on coral health. Hermatypic coral samples of eight species were collected at 12 reef sites with differing levels of pollution stress. The C/N ratios, δ13C values, and δ15N values of coral tissues and endosymbiotic algae were determined for 193 coral holobionts, and the amino acid composition and δ15NAA values of selected samples were analyzed. δ15N values were influenced most by pollution stress, while C/N ratios and δ13C values depended most strongly on species. The results imply that δ13C and δ15N values are useful indicators for distinguishing the ecological niches of sympatric coral species based on microhabitat preference and resource selectivity. Using δ15NAA values, the trophic level (TL) of the examined coral samples was estimated to be 0.71 to 1.53, i.e., purely autotrophic to partially heterotrophic. Significant portions of the variation in bulk δ15N and δ13C values could be explained by the influence of heterotrophy. The TL of symbionts covaried with that of their hosts, implying that amino acids acquired through host heterotrophy are translocated to symbionts. Dependence on heterotrophy was stronger at polluted sites, indicating that the ecological role of corals changes in response to eutrophication.
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Hartmann, Aaron C., Daniel Petras, Robert A. Quinn, Ivan Protsyuk, Frederick I. Archer, Emma Ransome, Gareth J. Williams, et al. "Meta-mass shift chemical profiling of metabolomes from coral reefs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 44 (October 12, 2017): 11685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710248114.

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Untargeted metabolomics of environmental samples routinely detects thousands of small molecules, the vast majority of which cannot be identified. Meta-mass shift chemical (MeMSChem) profiling was developed to identify mass differences between related molecules using molecular networks. This approach illuminates metabolome-wide relationships between molecules and the putative chemical groups that differentiate them (e.g., H2, CH2, COCH2). MeMSChem profiling was used to analyze a publicly available metabolomic dataset of coral, algal, and fungal mat holobionts (i.e., the host and its associated microbes and viruses) sampled from some of Earth’s most remote and pristine coral reefs. Each type of holobiont had distinct mass shift profiles, even when the analysis was restricted to molecules found in all samples. This result suggests that holobionts modify the same molecules in different ways and offers insights into the generation of molecular diversity. Three genera of stony corals had distinct patterns of molecular relatedness despite their high degree of taxonomic relatedness. MeMSChem profiles also partially differentiated between individuals, suggesting that every coral reef holobiont is a potential source of novel chemical diversity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coral samples"

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Chang, Veronica Tzu-Chun. "Mg and Ca isotope fractionation during CaCO₃ biomineralisation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269953.

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Stathakopoulos, Anastasios. "Extraction and Analysis of Coral Reef Core Samples from Broward County, Florida." NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/225.

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The reefs off Broward County exist as three shore-parallel, sequentially deeper terraces named the "inner", "middle", and "outer" reefs and also a shallower, nearshore ridge complex. These structures span the continental coast of southeast Florida from Palm Beach County to southern Miami-Dade County and were characterized as relict, early Holocene shelf-edge and mid-shelf reefs along with limestone ridges. Presently, the reefs are colonized by a fauna characteristic of West Atlantic/Caribbean reef systems. Scleractinian coral cover is low except for a few dense patches of Acropora cervicornis, while Acropora palmata is absent except for a few individual living colonies. Coral reef core-drilling is a useful analytical tool to extract observable and datable geological samples from within reefs. This technique was employed to retrieve 4 cores from the inner reef off Broward County to better understand its age, composition, and Holocene growth history. Sub-samples from corals in cores provided 7 new radiocarbon ages ranging from 7,860-5,560 cal BP, and reef accumulation rates of l.7-2.45 m/1,000 yrs were calculated from these ages. In addition, coral species composition and taphonomic characteristics were analyzed to identify former reef environments/reef zonation, and signals for inner reef termination. Reef zonation was detectable but no clear taphonomic signal for inner reef termination was evident. Current data and radiocarbon ages from all three Broward County reefs suggest that the outer reef accumulated from ~10.6-8 ka cal BP, the middle reef from at least ~5.8-3.7 ka cal BP, and the inner reef from ~7.8-5.5 ka cal BP. A lack of significant age overlaps between the three reefs has led to the assertion that they represent backstepping reefs in response to Holocene sea-level rise. This study has provided the oldest and youngest ages from the inner reef thus far, and confirms that reef backstepping from the outer reef to the inner reef occurred within just a few hundred years after the termination of the outer reef. The middle reef remains poorly understood and thus a definitive Holocene growth history and ultimately an understanding of their formation are still largely unknown.
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Norris, Pauline Rose Hack. "Arsenic and Selenium Distribution in Coal-Fired Plant Samples." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/52.

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Arsenic and selenium distributions in coal-fired plant samples are studied. This research includes arsenic and selenium concentrations in samples of coal, fly ash, bottom ash, economizer ash, Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) slurry and flue gas taken from four power plants with the goal being to examine the distribution of these metals in these materials and calculate a materials balance for the system. All samples were analyzed using ICP-ES. This research shows that 60-80% of the arsenic in coal-fired plant samples will be associated with the fly ash. Approximately 35-55% of the selenium will be associated with the fly ash and approximately 30-40% will be associated with the FGD slurry materials. The amount of arsenic and selenium present in the flue gases escaping the stack is very little, 6-7% or less. Hopefully, research in this area will be helpful when setting emissions limits, identifying and disposing of hazardous wastes and improving air pollution control devices for maximum metal removal.
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Lacour, Nicholas Alexander. "Engineering Characteristics of Coal Combustion Residuals and a Reconstitution Technique for Triaxial Samples." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33680.

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Traditionally, coal combustion residuals (CCRs) were disposed of with little engineering consideration. Initially, common practice was to use a wet-scrubbing system to cut down on emissions of fly ash from the combustion facilities, where the ash materials were sluiced to the disposal facility and allowed to sediment out, forming deep deposits of meta-stable ash. As the life of the disposal facility progressed, new phases of the impoundment were constructed, often using the upstream method. One such facility experienced a massive slope stability failure on December 22, 2008 in Kingston, Tennessee, releasing millions of cubic yards of impounded ash material into the Watts Bar reservoir and damaging surrounding property. This failure led to the call for new federal regulations on CCR disposal areas and led coal burning facilities to seek out geotechnical consultants to review and help in the future design of their disposal facilities. CCRs are not a natural soil, nor a material that many geotechnical engineers deal with on a regular basis, so this thesis focuses on compiling engineering characteristics of CCRs determined by different researchers, while also reviewing current engineering practice when dealing with CCR disposal facilities. Since the majority of coal-burning facilities used the sluicing method to dispose of CCRs at one point, many times it is desirable to construct new "dry-disposal" phases above the retired ash impoundments; since in-situ sampling of CCRs is difficult and likely produces highly disturbed samples, a sample reconstitution technique is also presented for use in triaxial testing of surface impounded CCRs.
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Pupier, Chloé A. "Ecologie nutritionnelle des octocoralliaires de Mer Rouge." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS036.

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Les octocoralliaires vivant en symbiose avec des dinoflagellés photosynthétiques représentent l’un des principaux groupes benthiques des récifs coralliens tropicaux. Ils sont notamment abondants au sein des écosystèmes perturbés où les changements environnementaux entraînent le déclin des coraux scléractiniaires. Bien que la nutrition joue un rôle fondamental dans la régulation de l’abondance d’une population, l’acquisition de nutriments par les octocoralliaires reste à ce jour méconnue. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient de caractériser la nutrition autotrophe et hétérotrophe des espèces d’octocoralliaires de mer Rouge, depuis la surface jusqu’à la zone mésophotique supérieure. Les résultats démontrent que par rapport aux scléractiniaires, la fixation de carbone autotrophe chez les octocoralliaires est plus faible en surface, mais équivalente en profondeur. De plus, l’assimilation de composés azotés dissous est bien inférieure chez les octocoralliaires, en comparaison avec les scléractiniaires. Ces résultats suggèrent que les octocoralliaires dépendent largement de sources alimentaires hétérotrophes pour satisfaire leurs besoins nutritionnels. Une telle mixotrophie leur confère une grande plasticité trophique, ce qui pourrait contribuer à une plus grande résistance aux changements environnementaux en cours
Octocorals living in symbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates are one of the major benthic groups of tropical coral reefs. They are notably abundant within disturbed ecosystems where environmental changes have led to the decline of reef-building corals. Although nutrition plays a fundamental role in regulating the abundance of a population, the acquisition of nutrients by octocorals has received little attention to date. The aims of this thesis were to characterize the acquisition and assimilation of autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrients by octocoral species from the Red Sea, from the shallow down to the upper mesophotic zone. The results show that the autotrophic carbon fixation in octocorals is lower at shallow depth compared to scleractinians, but equivalent at mesophotic depths. In addition, the assimilation of dissolved nitrogen compounds is lower in octocorals than in scleractinian corals. These results suggest that octocorals strongly depend on heterotrophic food sources to meet their nutritional requirements. Such mixotrophy provides octocorals with a wide trophic plasticity, which may contribute to their higher resistance to cope with already on-going environmental changes
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Martin, John Andrew Peter. "The study of high pressure water jet assisted cutting of coal samples in the laboratory." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/818.

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A series of experiments were conducted to invesdgate high pressure water jet assisted coal cutting. The research was sponsored by British Coal and carried out in the Department of Mining Engineering at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Two coals were tested: a black, coherent, anthracite; and a heavily cleated, friable, dull coloured bituminous coal. The tests modelled as closely as possible a vane pick on a two start shearer drum. The experiment was performed on a modified 50 tonne linear cutting rig at a speed of I. Im/s, using jet pressures of 35MPa, 70MPa, and 105MPa at different flow rates. A 75kW double acting intensifier type pump supplied the high pressure water for the jet. A relieved cutting mode was adopted with a line spacing of 70mm, and a 30mm nominal depth of cut. An actual production cutting tool (heavy duty 75mm radial with a HW tip) cut the coal in both the sharp and blunt states. Additional tests were also performed by pre-slotting the coal with a water jet before cutting it and by examining the effect of varying the lead and offset distances on the parameters measured below. Parameters measured were the cutting forces in three orthogonal directions; the breakout patterns; and the coal size distribution. The coal yields and specific energies were calculated from the experimental data. Both coals achieved benefit from jet assistance but at different pressures depending upon the coal type and tool wear. The breakout pattern differed between the two coals but generally fracture occurred along the major cleat planes. Both coals were easier to cut when the major cleat was orientated in the horizontal plane rather than in the vertical plane. Specific energy increased linearly with jet power. In most cases the quantity of fine coal (-0.5mm) produced decreased with jet assistance.
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Hutchinson, Erik Jon. "Characterization of Combustion Profiles of Co-Fired Coal/Biomass/Limestone Samples by TG and TG/FTIR." TopSCHOLAR®, 1993. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1696.

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Recent concerns over declining landfill space and a renewed interest in waste-to-energy technologies have increased the possibilities of co-firing different types of fuels in fluidized bed combustion systems. Fluidized bed combustion systems are idea for co-firing because of their ease in heat conversion and ability to burn a wide range of fuels. Additionally, thermal analytical techniques can be used to screen fuel blends for the fluidized bed combustion systems at a lower cost than directly firing the fuel blends in pilot systems. Three coals, three different municipal solid wastes (MSW), one limestone were combined into nine series of binary fuel mixtures to determine the possible Observed/Theoretical ratios caused by the MSW and /or the limestone to the coal’s combustion profile. After doing so, optimum percentage combinations were determined that should combust efficiently in fluidized bed systems. Consequently, after the combinations were optimized, evolved gas analysis showed a possible 50% reduction in SO2 emission through absorption by limestone.
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Campbell, Beverly. "A Study of Combustion Profiles of Co-Fired Coal/Biomass/Limestone Samples in a Fluidized Bed Combustor." TopSCHOLAR®, 1997. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/898.

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Concerns over declining landfill space and a renewed interest in waste-toenergy technologies have increased the possibilities of co-firing different types of fuels in atmospheric fluidized bed combustion systems. The laboratory sized atmospheric fluidized bed combustor (AFBC) at Western Kentucky University was designed to serve as a highly flexible research and development facility to gain operating experience, evaluate combustion performance, and estimate the effect of flue gas emissions on the atmosphere. The operating conditions for the AFBC system are similar to those used at the TVA 160-MW AFBC Pilot Plant located near Paducah, Kentucky. AFBC systems are ideal for co-firing because of their ease in heat conversion and ability to burn a wide range of fuels. GC/FTIR/IC techniques can be used to characterize the combustion of fuel blends by evolved gas analysis. This analysis can be used to determine the best combination of fuels.
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Pokhrel, Nishan. "Demonstration of Direct-on-filter FTIR to Estimate Silica, Kaolinite, and Calcite Mineral Fraction in Respirable Coal Mine Dust Samples." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104971.

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Respirable coal mine dust (RCMD) has long been recognized as an occupational health hazard. In addition to coal, RCMD can contain minerals such as crystalline silica (i.e., most often present as quartz). There has been a resurgence of lung diseases among US coal miners since the late-1990s which has emphasized the need for better quartz monitoring, and better dust characterization in general. Quartz monitoring in coal mines has traditionally used infrared (IR) spectroscopy-based analytical methods such as the MSHA Method P7 that require significant sample preparation and must be performed in a centralized lab. There are generally thus days to weeks between dust sample collection and reporting of results, which can prevent the prompt mitigation efforts to better control dust and reduce exposures. Recently, a rapid analysis method for quartz has been developed by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) using direct-on-filter (DOF) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The method has been demonstrated in a number of NIOSH-led studies using both laboratory and field samples, and the results show very good accuracy relative to the Method P7 reference. However, it has heretofore not been widely used by others or compared to results from other non-IR analytical methods. Moreover, while FTIR can allow the measurement of additional analytes, this has not yet been a focus of DOF FTIR for RCMD analysis. Analytes such as kaolinite and calcite could be of particular interest in the context of RCMD source apportionment. In this thesis, the DOF FTIR method is used to estimate silica, kaolinite, and calcite mineral fraction in RCMD samples collected in 16 coal mines, and in the laboratory using dust source materials from those same mines. The results are compared to results from other dust characterization methods such as mass-based thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and particle-based scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Results indicate the usefulness of the DOF FTIR method, and comparison suggests the presence of significant non-carbonate minerals other than silica and kaolinite in the coal mine dust. The results also show that SEM-EDX frequently indicates more mineral content (primarily other aluminosilicates), than that is predicted by either FTIR or the TGA. Additionally, by focusing mainly on calcite (generally sourced from limestone-based rock dust used in coal mines to prevent coal dust explosion), the second part of this study explores basic source apportionment by analyzing mine samples and samples of major dust source materials (such as run-of-mine coal, rock strata, and rock dust products). Results show that calcite can serve as a suitable proxy for rock dust in coal mine dust, and the results are consistent with expectations surrounding the contribution of dust from different mine locations and sample sources. Additionally, the DOF FTIR also showed good agreement with the TGA and SEM-EDX.
Master of Science
Respirable dust generated in coal mines has long been recognized as an occupational health hazard. In addition to coal, coal mine dust can contain minerals such as crystalline silica, which is particularly hazardous. Since the mid-1990s, there has been an alarming and unexpected increase in lung diseases in coal miners. Respirable crystalline silica is assumed to be a likely causal factor for this resurgence of lung diseases, and this has emphasized the need for better respirable crystalline silica monitoring and to better understand coal mine dust composition. The standard method of measurement of silica (called the MSHA Method P7) generally takes days to weeks between dust sample collection and reporting of results, which can prevent the mine from taking prompt mitigative efforts to better control dust and reduce exposures. Recently, a rapid analysis method for silica has been developed by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) called the DOF FTIR (direct-on-filter Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). This method has been shown to have very good accuracy relative to the standard method (MSHA P7). However, it has heretofore not been widely used by others or compared to results from other analytical methods. Moreover, DOF FTIR can also be used to estimate other minerals of interest such as kaolinite and calcite, which can be important in the context of understanding coal mine dust sources. In this thesis, the DOF FTIR method is used to estimate silica, kaolinite, and calcite mineral fraction in coal mine dust samples collected in 16 coal mines, and in the laboratory using dust source materials from those same mines. The results are compared to results from other dust analysis methods such as mass-based TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) and particle-based SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray). Results indicate the usefulness of the DOF FTIR method, and comparison suggests the presence of significant non-carbonate minerals other than silica and kaolinite in the coal mine dust. The results also show that SEM-EDX frequently indicates more mineral content than that is predicted by either FTIR or the TGA. Additionally, by focusing mainly on calcite—which is generally sourced from limestone-based rock dust used in coal mines to prevent coal dust explosion—the second part of this study explores the sources of the dust by analysing samples collected in mines, and samples generated in lab from major dust source materials (such as the raw coal, rock strata, and rock dust products obtained from the mines). Results show that calcite can be representative of rock dust in coal mine dust, and the results are consistent with expectations surrounding the contribution of dust from different mine locations and sample sources. Additionally, the DOF FTIR also showed good agreement with the TGA and SEM-EDX.
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Elhelou, Othman. "Magnetic Susceptibility Mapping of Fly Ash in Soil Samples Near a Coal-Burning Power Plant in Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1592981.

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Magnetic susceptibility is a property that can be used to effectively determine the compositional changes of mineral materials in soil. The objective of this study is to detect the presence of magnetic particles related to the migration of fly ash from a nearby coal-burning power plant over parts of Pointe Coupee Parish, LA. This is based on the idea that the fly ash that is released into the atmosphere during the coal burning process contains heavy metals and magnetic particles in the form of ferrospheres, which can be used to trace back to the source. Maps of the top and sub soil were generated to differentiate the magnetic susceptibility values of the heavy metals potentially attributed to the migration and settling of fly ash onto the surface from any pre-existing or naturally occurring heavy metals in the sub soil. A 60 km2 area in Pointe Coupee Parish was investigated in approximately 0.5 km2 subsets.

At each site, a minimum of 20 magnetic susceptibility measurements were obtained using a field probe along with discrete surface and subsurface samples collected for subsequent laboratory analysis. Samples of fly ash obtained directly from the source were also analyzed to verify the field and laboratory analysis. Contour maps representing the spatial distribution of the fly ash along with histograms of magnetic susceptibility values, reflective light microscope, and chemical analysis indicate a correlation between the proximity to the power plant and the predominant wind direction. Acquisition curves of the isothermal remanent magnetization demonstrate the presence of predominantly low coercivity minerals (magnetite) with a small amount of a high-coercivity phase. The microstructure of the magnetic fractions of the fly ash along with select top and sub soil samples were observed using a reflective light microscope for identifying and confirming the presence of ferrospheres associated with fly ash.

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Books on the topic "Coral samples"

1

Harvey, Richard D. Information system on Illinois coal II: Characterization of samples in the Illinois Basin Coal Sample Program. Champaign, Ill: Illinois State Geological Survey, 1986.

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Boshoff, H. P. Analyses of coal product samples of producing South African collieries. Pretoria: CSIR, 1989.

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Boshoff, H. P. Analyses of coal product samples of producing South African collieries. Pretoria, South Africa: CSIR, 1993.

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Boshoff, H. P. Analyses of coal product samples of producing South African collieries. Pretoria, Republic South Africa: CSIR, 1991.

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Greninger, Nevin. Measurement of incombustible content of coal mine dust samples. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Currens, James C. Analysis of coal samples from the Princess District, Kentucky (Boyd, Carter, Greenup, and Lawrence counties, and part of Lewis County). [Lexington]: Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 1986.

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Boshoff, H. P. Analyses of coal product sample taken by the Division of Energy Technology, CSIR, during 1987. Pretoria, S.A: Division of Energy Technology, CSIR, 1988.

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Boshoff, H. P. Average analyses of coal samples taken by the National Institute for Coal Research during 1985, including more detailed analyses on some colliery products not previously analysed. Pretoria, Republic of South Africa: National Institute for Coal Research, 1986.

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S, Parobeck Paul, and United States. Mine Safety and Health Administration., eds. Calibration and maintenance procedures for coal mine respirable dust samplers. [Washington, D.C.?]: Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Dept. of Labor, 1996.

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Tomb, Thomas F. Calibration and maintenance procedures for coal mine respirable dust samplers. [Washington, D.C.?]: Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Dept. of Labor, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coral samples"

1

Lindahl, P., M. Keith-Roach, and P. Worsfold. "Ultra-Trace Determination of Plutonium in Coral Samples using Multi-Collector ICP-MS." In Environmental Radiochemical Analysis IV, 198–203. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781849732949-00198.

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Adachi, Yoshio, and Minoru Nakamizo. "Structural Parameters of Argonne Coal Samples." In Advances in Chemistry, 269–79. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1993-0229.ch013.

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Simmleit, Norbert, Hans-Rolf Schulten, Yongseung Yun, and Henk L. C. Meuzelaar. "Thermochemical Analysis of U.S. Argonne Premium Coal Samples by Time-Resolved Pyrolysis-Field ionization Mass Spectrometry." In Advances in Coal Spectroscopy, 295–339. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3671-4_13.

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Tsiao, Chihji, and Robert E. Botto. "Measurement of Spin—Lattice Relaxation in Argonne Premium Coal Samples." In Advances in Chemistry, 341–58. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1993-0229.ch018.

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Serrano, W. A. Pacheco, D. Quintão Lima, and J. D. Fabris. "Mössbauer analysis of coal coke samples from Samacá, Boyacá, Colombia." In LACAME 2012, 265–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6482-8_31.

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Clarkson, R. B., Wei Wang, D. R. Brown, H. C. Crookham, and R. L. Belford. "Electron Magnetic Resonance of Standard Coal Samples at Multiple Microwave Frequencies." In Advances in Chemistry, 507–28. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1993-0229.ch027.

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Serrano, W. A. Pacheco, D. Quintão Lima, and J. D. Fabris. "Erratum to: Mössbauer analysis of coal coke samples from Samacá, Boyacá, Colombia." In LACAME 2012, 271. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6482-8_32.

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Waanders, F. B., J. C. van Dyk, and C. J. Prinsloo. "The characterisation of three different coal samples by means of various analytical techniques." In ISIAME 2008, 291–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01370-6_37.

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Buckmaster, H. A., and Jadwiga Kudynska. "Dynamic In Situ 9-GHz Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Argonne Premium Coal Samples." In Advances in Chemistry, 483–506. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1993-0229.ch026.

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Frank, Norbert, and Freya Hemsing. "Dating of Corals and Other Geological Samples via the Radioactive Disequilibrium of Uranium and Thorium Isotopes." In Frontiers in Earth Sciences, 89–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24982-3_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coral samples"

1

Kastner, Amy J., Chandrika Narayan, Michael O’Connor, Gunter Kegel, and Arthur Mittler. "Trace elemental analysis of coral and bone samples." In The fourteenth international conference on the application of accelerators in research and industry. AIP, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.52515.

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Altangerel, M., N. Norov, D. Altangerel, Dugersuren Dashdorj, Undraa Agvaanluvsan, and Gary E. Mitchell. "Study of Natural Radioactivity in Coal Samples of Baganuur Coal Mine, Mongolia." In NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the First Ulaanbaatar Conference on Nuclear Physics and Applications. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3122243.

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Al-Thani, Jassem A., Connor Izumi, Oguz Yigiterhan, Ebrahim Mohd A. S. Al-Ansari, Ponnumony Vethamony, Caesar Flonasca Sorino, Dan Anderson, and James W. Murray. "Ocean Acidification and Carbonate System Geochemistry in the Arabian Gulf." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0030.

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Alkalinity (Alk) and (dissolved inorganic carbon) DIC were measured on high resolution seawater samples, collected on November 2018 and May 2019 at seven stations in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Qatar. Calculated surface PCO2 averaged 472 matm in 2018 and 447 matm in 2019. Thus, the Arabian Gulf is degassing CO2 at present and will not take up atmospheric CO2 until 2042. Ocean acidification is not yet an issue in the EEZ of Qatar. The elevated PCO2 values are due to CaCO3 formation. Normalized NAlk and NDIC were calculated to remove the impact of increasing salinity. NAlk and NDIC decrease corresponding to a CaCO3/OrgC removal ratio of 2/1. We calculated the nitrate corrected and salinity normalized tracer, Alk*. Values of Alk* were negative, and the change in Alk* relative to Hormuz (DAlk*) indicated that there has been an average decrease of Alk* of -130 mmol kg-1. This decrease is due to CaCO3 formation but previous studies found no evidence for coccolithophorids. One obvious possibility is that Alk removal is due to CaCO3 formation in coral reefs. However, recent study of the composition of particulate matter found that the average particulate Ca concentration was 3.6%, and was easily acid soluble (Yigiterhan et al., 2018). These results suggest that a significant amount of particulate CaCO3 is present in the water column. One hypothesis is that the particulate Ca comes from carbonate rich atmospheric dust. Using Al as a tracer for dust and the average Ca/Al ratio in Qatari dust can only explain about 3% of the particulate Ca. An alternative hypothesis is that particulate CaCO3 may form in the water column due to abiological CaCO3 formation, as proposed recently for the Red Sea (Wurgaft et al., 2016). Precipitation of CaCO3 may be induced by the large inputs of nucleation sites in the form of atmospheric dust.
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Helene Fostier, Anne, and Juliana Martins Da Silva. "Direct Determination of Total Mercury in Mineral Coal Samples." In XXIII Congresso de Iniciação Científica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2015-37450.

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Agarwal, Gaurav, Gang Liu, and Brian Lattimer. "Pyrolysis and Combustion Energetic Characterization of Coal-Biomass Fuel Blends." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98313.

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A simultaneous thermogravimetric analyzer (STA) and a microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) were used to investigate the energetic properties of coal, biomass and mixture samples. The STA was used to measure the gravimetric and energetic response of a pyrolyzing sample under inert atmosphere. A pyrolysis mathematical model was used to calculate the heat of pyrolysis of samples from the STA data. The MCC was used to quantify the dynamic heat output from the combustion of the gases produced during the pyrolysis process. The measurement of heat output as a function of temperature was used to calculate the heat of combustion of fuels. It was found that the co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass fuel mixtures exhibited a weighted additive gravimetric and energetic behavior, both from pyrolysis and combustion aspects. It was further validated and concluded that the weighted sum prediction for the heat of pyrolysis and heat of combustion for the coal-biomass fuel mixtures must be conducted on the basis of their individual volatile mass contributions, and not on the basis of initial fuel mixture proportion.
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Somogyi Molnar, J., A. Kiss, and M. Dobroka. "Describing the Pressure Dependence of Lamé Coefficients on Coal Samples." In Near Surface Geoscience 2014 - 20th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20142026.

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Shah, Manan S., Ravi Bhushan, Akshay Saxena, and Nirav D. Prajapati. "A proposed automated instrument to analyse coral reef sample (Spectral luminescence scanner)." In 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicict1.2017.8342721.

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Jiang, Min, Zhenghao Xi, and Yilun Liu. "Recognition and Classification of Coal Sample Composition Using KSVD." In 2018 IEEE 8th Annual International Conference on CYBER Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cyber.2018.8688066.

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Gardiner, James, Barbara Kutchko, Barbara Kutchko, James Fazio, James Fazio, Richard Spaulding, Richard Spaulding, J. Alexandra Hakala, and J. Alexandra Hakala. "EFFECTS OF SAMPLED COAL MINE WATER ON GAS WELL CEMENT." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286258.

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Wang, Peizhen, Rui Sun, Dailin Zhang, Fang Zhou, and Bing Wang. "Classification of inertinite in coal macerical based on virtual sample." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2016.7520944.

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Reports on the topic "Coral samples"

1

Labonté, M. Resolution of the mineralogy of coal samples. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207481.

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Raymond, L., T. Tomb, and P. Parobeck. Respirable coal mine dust sample processing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5324176.

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Kohlenberger, L. B. Graphic values for some organic constitutents of beneficiated coal samples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5129104.

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Kohlenberger, L. B. Graphic values for some organic constituents of beneficiated coal samples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6011887.

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Alan Davis and David C. Glick. MAINTENANCE OF THE COAL SAMPLE BAND AND DATABASE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827653.

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Alan W. Scaroni, Alan Davis, David C. Glick, Patrick G. Hatcher, Gareth D. Mitchell, Daniel Carson, and Lei Hou. MAINTENANCE OF THE COAL SAMPLE BANK AND DATABASE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834652.

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Alan W. Scaroni and David C. Glick. MAINTENANCE OF THE COAL SAMPLE BANK AND DATABASE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833210.

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Alan W. Scaroni and David C. Glick. MAINTENANCE OF THE COAL SAMPLE BANK AND DATABASE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833212.

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Alan W. Scaroni and David C. Glick. MAINTENANCE OF THE COAL SAMPLE BANK AND DATABASE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833213.

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Davis, A., and D. C. Glick. Maintenance of the Coal sample Bank and Database. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/646002.

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