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Journal articles on the topic 'Coral Reef Terraces'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Zonneveld, John-Paul, Yahdi Zaim, Yan Rizal, Aswan Aswan, Anne Fortuin, Roy Larick, and Russell L. Ciochon. "The Palaeo-Kambaniru river mouth, Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A record of strongly seasonal catastrophic flow in a monsoon-controlled deltaic complex." Berita Sedimentologi 47, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51835/bsed.2021.47.3.360.

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The Kambaniru River valley near the city of Waingapu preserves a thick succession of coarse-grained fluvial-deltaic sediment deposited during the Late Pleistocene. This succession incises through a thick uplifted coral reef terrace succession and records intervals of highly episodic flow events during the last glacial interval. The occurrence of intraclastic, coarse sand/gravel matrix olistostromes in several areas attests to the occasionally catastrophic nature of flow in the ancestral Kambaniru River. Small to moderate-sized coral-rich reefs and laterally restricted reef terraces occur on delta-front conglomerate successions at multiple horizons through the study interval. These reefs record both intervals of low flow as well as periodic river-mouth avulsion episodes. Comparison of radiometric dates obtained from pelecypod and coral material from both deltaic successions and laterally adjacent coral reef terrace intervals indicates that uplift/subsidence history of the terraces differs from that of the valley and that correlation between the two should be taken with care.

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2

Ota, Y., J. Chappell, R. Kelley, N. Yonekura, E. Matsumoto, T. Nishimura, and J. Head. "Holocene Coral Reef Terraces and Coseismic Uplift of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea." Quaternary Research 40, no. 2 (September 1993): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1070.

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AbstractAs many as six levels of emerged Holocene coral terraces occur along 40 km of coastline on the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea, recording uplift history since culmination of the postglacial transgression. The Holocene reef crest, ca. 6000 yr B.P., is tilted down to the northwest, parallel to the coast and concordant with the deformation of the last interglacial coral reef terrace, and descends from 23 to 12 m in the study area. The pattern and rate of deformation have been uniform in the late Quaternary because average uplift rates have remained the same since the last interglaciation. The Holocene terraces described here are erosional features with regressive encrusting corals, developed upon the Holocene transgressive reef. The multiple levels represent episodic, probably coseismic uplift, which has occurred repeatedly in the last ca. 6000 yr. Significant longshore variation in the age of the lowest terrace, from 1700 to 2500 yr B.P., suggests independent coseismic uplift on different sectors of the coast. This is supported by age-height relationships of the higher Holocene terraces. Nonlinear uplift during the Holocene, with recurrence intervals increasing toward the present, is clearly recorded by the regressive terraces in each subregion. Some of the Holocene regressive terraces grade laterally into fluvial terraces capped with debris-flow deposits, probably reflecting seismically triggered mass movement.

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3

Hoang, Chi Trach, and Marco Taviani. "Stratigraphic and Tectonic Implications of Uranium-Series-Dated Coral Reefs from Uplifted Red Sea Islands." Quaternary Research 35, no. 2 (March 1991): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(91)90072-d.

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AbstractCorals from raised reef terraces on two islands (Zabargad and Northern Brother), considered to have been tectonically uplifted in connection with the Red Sea rifting, were dated with the U-series method. At Zabargad, there are at least three systems of raised coral reefs. The oldest terrace (>290,000–300,000 yr B.P.) is found at +10 to +15 m. A 200,000 yr B.P. high-sea stand is recorded by a terrace relict at +17 m on peridotite bedrock; the youngest system (125,000–138,000 yr B.P.) is very well represented around the island, with terraces at about +6 to +8 m. Corals from Northern Brother yield ages of 132,000–135,000 and 204,000 yr B.P. suggesting the existence of two systems of interglacial raised reefs. Both islands appear to have been tectonically quite stable since at least 125,000 yr B.P.

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4

Casazza, Lorraine R. "Pleistocene reefs of the Egyptian Red Sea: environmental change and community persistence." PeerJ 5 (June 28, 2017): e3504. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3504.

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The fossil record of Red Sea fringing reefs provides an opportunity to study the history of coral-reef survival and recovery in the context of extreme environmental change. The Middle Pleistocene, the Late Pleistocene, and modern reefs represent three periods of reef growth separated by glacial low stands during which conditions became difficult for symbiotic reef fauna. Coral diversity and paleoenvironments of eight Middle and Late Pleistocene fossil terraces are described and characterized here. Pleistocene reef zones closely resemble reef zones of the modern Red Sea. All but one species identified from Middle and Late Pleistocene outcrops are also found on modern Red Sea reefs despite the possible extinction of most coral over two-thirds of the Red Sea basin during glacial low stands. Refugia in the Gulf of Aqaba and southern Red Sea may have allowed for the persistence of coral communities across glaciation events. Stability of coral communities across these extreme climate events indicates that even small populations of survivors can repopulate large areas given appropriate water conditions and time.

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5

Muhs, Daniel R. "MIS 5e sea-level history along the Pacific coast of North America." Earth System Science Data 14, no. 3 (March 22, 2022): 1271–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1271-2022.

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Abstract. The primary last interglacial, marine isotope substage (MIS) 5e records on the Pacific coast of North America, from Washington (USA) to Baja California Sur (Mexico), are found in the deposits of erosional marine terraces. Warmer coasts along the southern Golfo de California host both erosional marine terraces and constructional coral reef terraces. Because the northern part of the region is tectonically active, MIS 5e terrace elevations vary considerably, from a few meters above sea level to as much as 70 m above sea level. The primary paleo-sea-level indicator is the shoreline angle, the junction of the wave-cut platform with the former sea cliff, which forms very close to mean sea level. Most areas on the Pacific coast of North America have experienced uplift since MIS 5e time, but the rate of uplift varies substantially as a function of tectonic setting. Chronology in most places is based on uranium-series ages of the solitary coral Balanophyllia elegans (erosional terraces) or the colonial corals Porites and Pocillopora (constructional reefs). In areas lacking corals, correlation to MIS 5e often can be accomplished using amino acid ratios of fossil mollusks, compared to similar ratios in mollusks that also host dated corals. Uranium-series (U-series) analyses of corals that have experienced largely closed-system histories range from ∼124 to ∼118 ka, in good agreement with ages from MIS 5e reef terraces elsewhere in the world. There is no geomorphic, stratigraphic, or geochronological evidence for more than one high-sea stand during MIS 5e on the Pacific coast of North America. However, in areas of low uplift rate, the outer parts of MIS 5e terraces apparently were re-occupied by the high-sea stand at ∼100 ka (MIS 5c), evident from mixes of coral ages and mixes of molluscan faunas with differing thermal aspects. This sequence of events took place because glacial isostatic adjustment processes acting on North America resulted in regional high-sea stands at ∼100 and ∼80 ka that were higher than is the case in far-field regions, distant from large continental ice sheets. During MIS 5e time, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) off the Pacific coast of North America were higher than is the case at present, evident from extralimital southern species of mollusks found in dated deposits. Apparently, no wholesale shifts in faunal provinces took place, but in MIS 5e time, some species of bivalves and gastropods lived hundreds of kilometers north of their present northern limits, in good agreement with SST estimates derived from foraminiferal records and alkenone-based reconstructions in deep-sea cores. Because many areas of the Pacific coast of North America have been active tectonically for much or all of the Quaternary, many earlier interglacial periods are recorded as uplifted, higher-elevation terraces. In addition, from southern Oregon to northern Baja California, there are U-series-dated corals from marine terraces that formed at ∼80 ka, during MIS 5a. In contrast to MIS 5e, these terrace deposits host molluscan faunas that contain extralimital northern species, indicating cooler SST at the end of MIS 5. Here I present a review and standardized database of MIS 5e sea-level indicators along the Pacific coast of North America and the corresponding dated samples. The database is available in Muhs et al. (2021b; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5903285).

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6

OTA, Y., and N. YONEKURA. "Coral Reef Terraces, Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 98, no. 2 (1989): Plate3—Plate4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.98.2_plate3.

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7

Taylor, Frederick W., and Paul Mann. "Late Quaternary folding of coral reef terraces, Barbados." Geology 19, no. 2 (1991): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0103:lqfocr>2.3.co;2.

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8

Pandolfi, John M. "Limited membership in Pleistocene reef coral assemblages from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea: constancy during global change." Paleobiology 22, no. 2 (1996): 152–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300016158.

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One of the most intriguing questions in community ecology remains unanswered: Are ecological communities open assemblages with each species reacting individually to environmental change, or are they integrated units consisting of multispecies assemblages acting in concert? I address this question for marine organisms by examining the taxonomic composition and diversity of Indo-Pacific reef coral communities that have undergone repeated global change between 125 and 30 Ka (thousand years before present).Investigation of community constancy through time relies on two critical questions: (1) Are there significant differences in taxonomic composition among communities from different times? and if not, (2) Are the observed patterns in temporal similarity significantly different from expected patterns resulting from a random sampling of the available within-habitat species pool?Constancy in taxonomic composition and species richness of Pleistocene reef coral assemblages is maintained through a 95-k.y. interval in the raised reef terraces of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Fossil reef coral assemblages show limited membership in species composition despite repeated exposure to marked fluctuations in sea level (up to 120 m) and sea-surface temperatures (up to 6°). During the 95-k.y. interval, the reefs experienced nine cycles of perturbation and subsequent reassembly with similar species composition. Spatial differences in reef coral species composition were greater among the three study sites than among reefs of different ages. Thus local environmental parameters associated with riverine and terrestrial sources had a greater influence on reef coral composition than global climate and sea level changes.The ecological dynamics of reef communities from Papua New Guinea are in marked contrast to those of Quaternary terrestrial and level bottom marine communities which appear to show unlimited community membership on both larger and smaller time scales. Differences in community assembly among ecosystems mean either that coral reefs are fundamentally different or that different ecological patterns and processes are occurring at different temporal scales.

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9

Sarmili, Lili, and GM Hermansyah. "PEMBENTUKAN UNDAK BATUGAMPING DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN STRUKTUR DIAPIR DI PERAIRAN TANJUNG AWAR-AWAR PACIRAN JAWA TIMUR." JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 8, no. 3 (February 16, 2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.8.3.2010.193.

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Batuan yang mendominasi di daerah penyelidikan adalah batugamping koral Formasi Paciran zona Rembang. Batugamping koral inilah membentuk undak pantai di Tanjung Awar-awar dan di pantai Tuban dan sekitarnya. Terdapatnya undak batugamping ini, menandakan adanya pengangkatan secara vertikal pada satuan batuan ini. Batimetri daerah penyelidikan secara umum merupakan dataran dimana bagian yang dangkal terdapat di bagian baratdaya (ke arah pantai) dengan kedalaman 2 meter dan terdalam ke arah timurlaut dengan kedalaman 9 meter. Sebanyak 7 lintasan seismik berarah timurlaut-baratdaya dan 15 lintasan berarah barat laut â€“ tenggara telah dilakukan dan beberapa titik bor untuk memperkuat penafsiran jenis batuan di setiap lapisan penampang seismik. Struktur geologi yang ditafsirkan dari seismik pantul ini adalah adanya suatu blok batuan yang seperti tersesarkan dan terdorong ke atas sebagai struktur diapir. Struktur diapir ini berkembang sangat baik di penampang seismik ke arah barat daya atau ke arah daratan dimana di sekitar pantainya batugamping ini membentuk undak batugamping. Munculnya struktur diapir ini kemungkinannya dikarenakan bagian selatan dari zona Rembang ini terdapat suatu zona yang mempunyai anomali gaya berat negatif dan karena batugampingnya banyak terpatahkan sehingga sangat mudah diintrusi oleh sedimen yang mempunyai berat jenis kecil. Kata kunci : undak pantai, batugamping koral, struktur diapir, Tanjung Awar-Awar Jawa Timur The study area is dominated by coral reef limestone of Paciran Formation of Rembang Zone. This coral reef limestone is responsible to form the beach terraces along the Tanjung Awar-Awar and Tuban beach and its surrounded. The formation of this coral reef limestone terraces closely related to vertical movement of these rocks units. The study area is bathymetrically flat where the shallow part is on southwest (towards the beach) with 2 meters depth and the deeper part is to northeast part with 9 meters depth. There are 7 seismic reflection lines of NE-SW and 15 lines of NW-SE have been done and some rocks drilling to emphasize the seismic sequences. The interpretation of geological structure from seismic reflection shows a feature of rocks unit was faulted and intruded as diapiric structures. These features are well developed towards the beach where the terrace of coral reef limestone can be found on the beaches. The formation of these diapiric structures are interpreted where on southward of the Rembang Zone there is a gravity negative anomalies and also due to the limestone were faulted and it seems to be easy intruded by a sediment with low density. Keywords : beach terraces, coral reef limestone, diapiric structure, Tanjung Awar- Awar East Java

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10

PIRAZZOLI, P. A., U. RADTKE, W. S. HANTORO, C. JOUANNIC, C. T. HOANG, C. CAUSSE, and M. B. BEST. "Quaternary Raised Coral-Reef Terraces on Sumba Island, Indonesia." Science 252, no. 5014 (June 28, 1991): 1834–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.252.5014.1834.

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11

Hantoro, W. S., P. A. Pirazzoli, C. Jouannic, H. Faure, C. T. Hoang, U. Radtke, C. Causse, et al. "Quaternary uplifted coral reef terraces on Alor Island, East Indonesia." Coral Reefs 13, no. 4 (November 1994): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00303634.

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12

Maxwell, Kathrine, Hildegard Westphal, and Alessio Rovere. "A standardized database of Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level indicators in Southeast Asia." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 4313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4313-2021.

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Abstract. Marine Isotope Stage 5e (MIS 5e; the Last Interglacial, 125 ka) represents a process analog for a warmer world. Analysis of sea-level proxies formed in this period helps in constraining both regional and global drivers of sea-level change. In Southeast Asia, several studies have reported elevation and age information on MIS 5e sea-level proxies, such as fossil coral reef terraces or tidal notches, but a standardized database of such data was hitherto missing. In this paper, we produced such a sea-level database using the framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS; https://warmcoasts.eu/world-atlas.html). Overall, we screened and reviewed 14 studies on Last Interglacial sea-level indicators in Southeast Asia, from which we report 43 proxies (42 coral reef terraces and 1 tidal notch) that were correlated to 134 dated samples. Five data points date to MIS 5a (80 ka), six data points are MIS 5c (100 ka), and the rest are dated to MIS 5e. The database compiled in this study is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5040784 (Maxwell et al., 2021).

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13

OTA, Yoko, Nobuyuki YONEKURA, and Eiji MATSUMOTO. "Notes on the Coral Reef Terraces, Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 98, no. 2 (1989): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.98.2_177.

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14

Ku, Teh-Lung, M. Ivanovich, and Shangde Luo. "U-Series Dating of Last Interglacial High Sea Stands: Barbados Revisited." Quaternary Research 33, no. 2 (March 1990): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90014-c.

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AbstractU-series chronologies of the emerged coral limestone terraces on Barbados, West Indies, together with those of the terraces from New Guinea, have formed the basis for most late Pleistocene eustatic models. The so-called “Barbados sea level model” has been challenged in recent years, however. A major issue is whether during oxygen isotope stage 5e, when Rendezvous Hill reef complex on Barbados Island formed, the sea rose above the present position for one relatively brief period of <10,000 yr, or for two or more periods spanning approximately from 140,000 to 115,000 yr B.P. Evidence for the latter scenario has not come from initial studies of Barbados but from elsewhere; it is also inconclusive because of the dating uncertainties involved. We have carried out careful redeterminations of U-series ages on a suite of 29 Acropora palmata samples systematically collected from four of the lowest terraces on the island. Diagenetic disturbance may have caused the age spreads at some sampling outcrops. A model for the diagenetic exchange of uranium isotopes in coral samples with those in groundwater explains the anomalous 234U/238U ratios in samples with apparently unaltered mineralogy (aragonite) and trace element (Mg and Sr) chemistry. It shows that age dispersions of 5–10% can be engendered by a U exchange coefficient of the order of 10−6 yr−1. The lower-limit terrace ages, estimated from averaging the multiple measurements, are 81,000 ± 2000 yr (Worthing), 105,000 ± 1000 yr (Ventnor), 120,000 ± 2000 yr (Maxwell), and 117,000 ± 3000 yr (Rendezvous Hill). No evidence was found of previously inferred bipartite sea levels centering around 118,000 and 135,000 yr ago. This study documents the need of dating coral with the high precision/sensitivity mass-spectrometric techniques for future resolution of the temporal relationships among sea level changes, climate oscillations, and astronomical forcing—relationships originally addressed by the Barbados sea level model.

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15

Huang, Wen-Shu, Shih-Hao Jien, Shiuh-Tsuen Huang, Heng Tsai, and Zeng-Yi Hseu. "Pedogenesis of red soils overlaid coral reef terraces in the Southern Taiwan." Quaternary International 441 (June 2017): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.09.064.

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16

Chauveau, Denovan, Christine Authemayou, Stéphane Molliex, Vincent Godard, Lucilla Benedetti, Kevin Pedoja, Laurent Husson, and Sri Yudawati Cahyarini. "Eustatic knickpoint dynamics in an uplifting sequence of coral reef terraces, Sumba Island, Indonesia." Geomorphology 393 (November 2021): 107936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107936.

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17

Pastier, A. ‐M, L. Husson, K. Pedoja, A. Bézos, C. Authemayou, C. Arias‐Ruiz, and S. Y. Cahyarini. "Genesis and Architecture of Sequences of Quaternary Coral Reef Terraces: Insights From Numerical Models." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 20, no. 8 (August 2019): 4248–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019gc008239.

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18

Maxwell, Kathrine V., Noelynna T. Ramos, Hiroyuki Tsutsumi, Yu-Chen Chou, Fucai Duan, and Chuan-Chou Shen. "Late Quaternary uplift across northwest Luzon Island, Philippines constrained from emergent coral reef terraces." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 43, no. 15 (September 3, 2018): 3114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4474.

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19

Sasaki, Keiichi, Akio Omura, Yoko Ota, Takashi Murase, Takashi Azuma, Mayumi Kobayashi, and Kumiko Ikura. "Holocene Regressive Coral Reef Terraces at the Northern Shidooke Coast of Kikai Island, Central Ryukyus." Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu) 37, no. 5 (1998): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.37.349.

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20

Ringor, Cherry L., Akio Omura, and Yasuo Maeda. "Last Interglacial Sea Level Changes Deduced from Coral Reef Terraces in Southwest Bohol, Central Philippines." Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu) 43, no. 6 (2004): 401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.43.401.

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21

Jouannic, Christian, Chi-Trach Hoang, Wahyoe Soepri Hantoro, and Robert M. Delinom. "Uplift rate of coral reef terraces in the area of Kupang, West Timor: Preliminary results." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 68, no. 2-4 (December 1988): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90044-2.

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22

El-Asmar, H. "Quaternary isotope stratigraphy and paleoclimate of coral reef terraces, Gulf of Aqaba, South Sinai, Egypt." Quaternary Science Reviews 16, no. 8 (1997): 911–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-3791(96)00077-7.

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23

Thompson, Schmitty B., and Jessica R. Creveling. "A global database of marine isotope substage 5a and 5c marine terraces and paleoshoreline indicators." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 3467–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3467-2021.

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Abstract. In this review we compile and document the elevation, indicative meaning, and chronology of marine isotope substage 5a and 5c sea level indicators for 39 sites within three geographic regions: the North American Pacific coast, the North American Atlantic coast and the Caribbean, and the remaining globe. These relative sea level indicators, comprised of geomorphic indicators such as marine and coral reef terraces, eolianites, and sedimentary marine- and terrestrial-limiting facies, facilitate future investigation into marine isotope substage 5a and 5c interstadial paleo-sea level reconstruction, glacial isostatic adjustment, and Quaternary tectonic deformation. The open-access database, presented in the format of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database, can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5021306 (Thompson and Creveling, 2021).

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Omura, Akio, Kyoko Kodama, Masami Watanabe, Atsushi Suzuki, and Yoko Ota. "Tectonic History of Yonaguni Island, Southwestern Ryukyus, Japan, Deduced from Coral Reef Terraces and Uranium-series Dates of Pleistocene Corals." Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu) 33, no. 4 (1994): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.33.213.

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25

Hallmann, Nadine, Gilbert Camoin, Jody M. Webster, and Marc Humblet. "A standardized database of Marine Isotopic Stage 5e sea-level proxies on tropical Pacific islands." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 6 (June 14, 2021): 2651–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2651-2021.

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Abstract. Marine Isotope Stage 5 deposits have been reported on many tropical Pacific islands. This paper presents a database compiled through the review of MIS 5e (last interglacial – LIG) coral reef records from islands belonging to French Polynesia (Anaa, Niau, Makatea, Moruroa, Takapoto, Bora Bora), the Hawaiian Islands (Oahu, Lanai, Midway Atoll), Tuvalu, Kiribati (Christmas Island, Tarawa), the Cook Islands (Mangaia, Atiu, Mitiaro, Mauke, Pukapuka, Rakahanga, Rarotonga), Tonga, Samoa, the Federal States of Micronesia, the Mariana Islands, the Marshall Islands (Enewetak, Bikini), New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji and Niue. Studies reporting other sea-level indicators dated to other Pleistocene interglacials and Holocene sea-level indicators were not inserted in the database but are included in this data description paper for completeness. Overall, about 300 studies concerning Pleistocene and Holocene sea-level indicators have been reviewed, and finally 163 age data points and 94 relative sea-level (RSL) data points from 38 studies on the MIS 5e have been inserted in the database. An additional 155 age data points have been reviewed; i.e. the tropical Pacific islands database contains 318 age data points. The main sea-level indicators include emerged coral reef terraces, but also reef units recovered in drill cores from a few islands, thus reflecting the diversity of tectonic settings and sampling approaches. Future research should be directed towards better constrained RSL reconstructions, including more precise chronological data, more accurate elevation measurements and a better refinement of the palaeo-water-depth significance of coralgal assemblages. The database for tropical Pacific islands is available open access at this link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991672 (Hallmann and Camoin, 2020).

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Pirazzoli, P. A., J. L. Reyss, M. Fontugne, A. Haghipour, A. Hilgers, H. U. Kasper, H. Nazari, F. Preusser, and U. Radtke. "Quaternary coral-reef terraces from Kish and Qeshm Islands, Persian Gulf: new radiometric ages and tectonic implications." Quaternary International 120, no. 1 (January 2004): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2004.01.003.

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OMURAI, Akio, John CHAPPELL, Arthur L. BLOOM, Malcolm McCULLOCH, Tezar ESAT, Brad J. PILLANS, Yoko OTA, et al. "Coral Terraces on the Huon Peninsula, North Eastern Papua New Guinea. Re-evaluation of .ALPHA.-spectrometric 230Th/234U Ages for Late Pleistocene Coral Reef Terraces of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 104, no. 5 (1995): 758–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.104.5_758.

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Schellmann, Gerhard, Ulrich Radtke, Anja Scheffers, Franziska Whelan, and Dieter Kelletat. "ESR Dating of Coral Reef Terraces on Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles) with Estimates of Younger Pleistocene Sea Level Elevations." Journal of Coastal Research 204 (September 2004): 947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/02101.1.

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Peñalver, Leandro, Kevin Pedoja, Denyse Martin-Izquierdo, Christine Authemayou, Arelis Nuñez, Denovan Chauveau, Gino de Gelder, Pedro Davilan, and Laurent Husson. "The Cuban staircase sequences of coral reef and marine terraces: A forgotten masterpiece of the Caribbean geodynamical puzzle." Marine Geology 440 (October 2021): 106575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106575.

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Schielein, Patrick, Christoph Burow, Jesus Pajon, Reinaldo Rojas Consuegra, Jian-xin Zhao, and Gerhard Schellmann. "ESR and U-Th dating results for Last Interglacial coral reef terraces at the northern coast of Cuba." Quaternary International 556 (August 2020): 216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2019.11.041.

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Pedoja, Kevin, Laurent Husson, Antoine Bezos, Anne-Morwenn Pastier, Andy Muhammad Imran, Camilo Arias-Ruiz, Anta-Clarisse Sarr, et al. "On the long-lasting sequences of coral reef terraces from SE Sulawesi (Indonesia): Distribution, formation, and global significance." Quaternary Science Reviews 188 (May 2018): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.03.033.

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32

Maejima, Y., H. Matsuzaki, and T. Higashi. "Application of cosmogenic 10Be to dating soils on the raised coral reef terraces of Kikai Island, southwest Japan." Geoderma 126, no. 3-4 (June 2005): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.10.004.

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33

Ota, Yoko, Keiichi Sasaki, Akio Omura, and Kayo Nozawa. "Recent Progress on Coral Reef Terrace Researches at Kikai Island, Southwestern Japan. Holocene Sea Level and Tectonic History Related to the Formation of Coral Terraces at Kikai Island, Northern Ryukyu Islands." Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu) 39, no. 1 (2000): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.39.81.

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34

HONGO, Chuki. "Sea-level Standstill and Dominant Hermatypic Coral from the Holocene Raised Reef Terraces at the Kikai Island, Ryukyu Islands." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 119, no. 5 (2010): 860–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.119.860.

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35

Schellmann, G., and U. Radtke. "A revised morpho- and chronostratigraphy of the Late and Middle Pleistocene coral reef terraces on Southern Barbados (West Indies)." Earth-Science Reviews 64, no. 3-4 (February 2004): 157–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-8252(03)00043-6.

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36

Nexer, Maëlle, Christine Authemayou, Taylor Schildgen, Wahyoe S. Hantoro, Stéphane Molliex, Bernard Delcaillau, Kevin Pedoja, Laurent Husson, and Vincent Regard. "Evaluation of morphometric proxies for uplift on sequences of coral reef terraces: A case study from Sumba Island (Indonesia)." Geomorphology 241 (July 2015): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.03.036.

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37

Ota, Yoko, and Akio Omura. "Contrasting styles and rates of tectonic uplift of coral reef terraces in the Ryukyu and Daito Islands, southwestern Japan." Quaternary International 15-16 (January 1992): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90033-x.

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38

Omura, Akio, and Yoko Ota. "Paleo Sea-Level Change during the Last 300,000 Years Deduced from the Morpho-Stratigraphy of Coral Reef Terraces and 230Th/234U Ages of Terrace Deposits." Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu) 31, no. 5 (1992): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.31.313.

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39

Yokoyama, Yusuke, Tezer M. Esat, Kurt Lambeck, and L. Keith Fifield. "Last Ice Age Millennial Scale Climate Changes Recorded in Huon Peninsula Corals." Radiocarbon 42, no. 3 (2000): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200030320.

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Uranium series and radiocarbon ages were measured in corals from the uplifted coral terraces of Huon Peninsula (HP), Papua New Guinea, to provide a calibration for the 14C time scale beyond 30 ka (kilo annum). Improved analytical procedures, and quantitative criteria for sample selection, helped discriminate diagenetically altered samples. The base-line of the calibration curve follows the trend of increasing divergence from calendar ages, as established by previous studies. Superimposed on this trend, four well-defined peaks of excess atmospheric radiocarbon were found ranging in magnitude from 100% to 700%, relative to current levels. They are related to episodes of sea-level rise and reef growth at HP. These peaks appear to be synchronous with Heinrich Events and concentrations of ice-rafted debris found in North Atlantic deep-sea cores. Relative timing of sea-level rise and atmospheric 14C excess imply the following sequence of events: An initial sea-level high is followed by a large increase in atmospheric 14C as the sea-level subsides. Over about 1800 years, the atmospheric radiocarbon drops to below present ambient levels. This cycle bears a close resemblance to ice-calving episodes of Dansgaard-Oeschger and Bond cycles and the slow-down or complete interruption of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. The increases in the atmospheric 14C levels are attributed to the cessation of the North Atlantic circulation.

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40

Cheng, Chang-Ho, Shih-Hao Jien, Heng Tsai, and Zeng-Yei Hseu. "Geomorphological and paleoclimatic implications of soil development from siliceous materials on the coral-reef terraces of Liuchiu Island in southern Taiwan." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 57, no. 1 (February 2011): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2010.548308.

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41

Sasaki, Keiichi, Akio Omura, Kazuo Murakami, Natsume Sagawa, and Toru Nakamori. "Interstadial coral reef terraces and relative sea-level changes during marine oxygen isotope stages 3–4, Kikai Island, central Ryukyus, Japan." Quaternary International 120, no. 1 (January 2004): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2004.01.006.

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42

Muhs, Daniel R., George L. Kennedy, and Thomas K. Rockwell. "Uranium-Series Ages of Marine Terrace Corals from the Pacific Coast of North America and Implications for Last-Interglacial Sea Level History." Quaternary Research 42, no. 1 (July 1994): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1055.

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AbstractFew of the marine terraces along the Pacific coast of North America have been dated using uranium-series techniques. Ten terrace sequences from southern Oregon to southern Baja California Sur have yielded fossil corals in quantities suitable for U-series dating by alpha spectrometry. U-series-dated terraces representing the ∼80,000 yr sea-level high stand are identified in five areas (Bandon, Oregon; Point Arena, San Nicolas Island, and Point Loma, California; and Punta Banda, Baja California); terraces representing the ∼125,000 yr sea-level high stand are identified in eight areas (Cayucos, San Luis Obispo Bay, San Nicolas Island, San Clemente Island, and Point Loma, California; Punta Bands and Isla Guadalupe, Baja California; and Cabo Pulmo, Baja California Sur). On San Nicolas Island, Point Loma, and Punta Bands, both the ∼80,000 and the ∼125,000 yr terraces are dated. Terraces that may represent the ∼105,000 sea-level high stand are rarely preserved and none has yielded corals for U-series dating. Similarity of coral ages from midlatitude, erosional marine terraces with coral ages from emergent, constructional reefs on tropical coastlines suggests a common forcing mechanism, namely glacioeustatically controlled fluctuations in sea level superimposed on steady tectonic uplift. The low marine terrace dated at ∼125,000 yr on Isla Guadalupe, Baja California, presumed to be tectonically stable, supports evidence from other localities for a +6-m sea level at that time. Data from the Pacific Coast and a compilation of data from other coasts indicate that sea levels at ∼80,000 and ∼105,000 yr may have been closer to present sea level (within a few meters) than previous studies have suggested.

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Escuder-Viruete, Javier, Aratz Beranoaguirre, Pablo Valverde-Vaquero, and Frank McDermott. "Quaternary deformation and uplift of coral reef terraces produced by oblique subduction and underthrusting of the Bahama Platform below the northern Hispaniola forearc." Tectonophysics 796 (December 2020): 228631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228631.

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44

Montaggioni, Lucien F., Antoine Collin, Dorothée James, Bernard Salvat, Bertrand Martin-Garin, Gilles Siu, Marguerite Taiarui, and Yannick Chancerelle. "Morphology of fore-reef slopes and terraces, Takapoto Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia, central Pacific): The tectonic, sea-level and coral-growth control." Marine Geology 417 (November 2019): 106027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2019.106027.

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45

Rubio-Sandoval, Karla, Alessio Rovere, Ciro Cerrone, Paolo Stocchi, Thomas Lorscheid, Thomas Felis, Ann-Kathrin Petersen, and Deirdre D. Ryan. "A review of last interglacial sea-level proxies in the western Atlantic and southwestern Caribbean, from Brazil to Honduras." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 10 (October 25, 2021): 4819–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4819-2021.

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Abstract. We use a standardized template for Pleistocene sea-level data to review last interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5 – MIS 5) sea-level indicators along the coasts of the western Atlantic and southwestern Caribbean, on a transect spanning from Brazil to Honduras and including the islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao. We identified six main types of sea-level indicators (beach deposits, coral reef terraces, lagoonal deposits, marine terraces, Ophiomorpha burrows, and tidal notches) and produced 55 standardized data points, each constrained by one or more geochronological methods. Sea-level indicators are well preserved along the Brazilian coasts, providing an almost continuous north-to-south transect. However, this continuity disappears north of the Rio Grande do Norte Brazilian state. According to the sea-level index points (discrete past position of relative sea level in space and time) the paleo sea-level values range from ∼ 5.6 to 20 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in the continental sector and from ∼ 2 to 10 m a.s.l. in the Caribbean islands. In this paper, we address the uncertainties surrounding these values. From our review, we identify that the coasts of northern Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, and Venezuela would benefit from a renewed study of Pleistocene sea-level indicators, as it was not possible to identify sea-level index points for the last interglacial coastal outcrops of these countries. Future research must also be directed at improving the chronological control at several locations, and several sites would benefit from the re-measurement of sea-level index points using more accurate elevation measurement techniques. The database compiled in this study is available in spreadsheet format at the following link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5516444 (Version 1.02; Rubio-Sandoval et al., 2021).

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Cann, John H., Antonio P. Belperio, Victor A. Gostin, and Colin V. Murray-Wallace. "Sea-Level History, 45,000 to 30,000 yr B.P., Inferred from Benthic Foraminifera, Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia." Quaternary Research 29, no. 2 (March 1988): 153–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90058-0.

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Surficial sediments of Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia, are predominantly bioclastic, cool-temperate carbonates. Benthic foraminifera are abundant and distribution of species is closely related to water depth. For example, Massilina milletti is most common at depths ca. 40 m, while Discorbis dimidiatus is characteristics of shallow, subtidal environments. Elphidium crispum, a shallow-water species, and E. macelliforme, favoring deeper water, provide a useful numerical ratio. Their logarithmic relative abundance, in the sediment size fraction 0.50–0.25 mm, correlates strongly with water depth. Vibrocores SV 4 and SV 5 recovered undisturbed sections of Quaternary strata from the deepest part (ca. 40 m) of Gulf St. Vincent. Amino acid racemization and radiocarbon age determinations show that late Pleistocene sections of the cores were deposited over the time ca. 45,000 to 30,000 yr B.P. Species of fossil foraminifera, recovered from these sections, are mostly extant in modern Gulf St. Vincent, thus allowing paleoecological inferences of late Pleistocene sea levels. These inferred sea-level maxima can be correlated with those determined from study of Huon Peninsula coral reef terraces. Initial estimates of tectonically corrected sea levels for transgressions in Gulf St. Vincent at 40,000 and 31,000 yr B.P. are −22.5 m and −22 m, respectively. The intervening regression lowered sea level to −28 m.

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Al-Mikhlafi, Ahmed Saif, Lawrence R. Edwards, and Hai Cheng. "Sea-level history and tectonic uplift during the last-interglacial period (LIG): Inferred from the Bab al-Mandab coral reef terraces, southern Red Sea." Journal of African Earth Sciences 138 (February 2018): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.10.023.

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NAKAMORI, Toru, Shinya MATSUDA, Akio OMURA, and Yoko OTA. "Coral Terraces on the Huon Peninsula, North Eastern Papua New Guinea. Depositional Environments of the Pleistocene Reef Limestones at Huon Peninsul a, Papua New Guinea on the Basis of Hermatypic Coral Assemblages." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 104, no. 5 (1995): 725–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.104.5_725.

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49

Camp, Emma F., David J. Smith, Chris Evenhuis, Ian Enochs, Derek Manzello, Stephen Woodcock, and David J. Suggett. "Acclimatization to high-variance habitats does not enhance physiological tolerance of two key Caribbean corals to future temperature and pH." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1831 (May 25, 2016): 20160442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0442.

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Corals are acclimatized to populate dynamic habitats that neighbour coral reefs. Habitats such as seagrass beds exhibit broad diel changes in temperature and pH that routinely expose corals to conditions predicted for reefs over the next 50–100 years. However, whether such acclimatization effectively enhances physiological tolerance to, and hence provides refuge against, future climate scenarios remains unknown. Also, whether corals living in low-variance habitats can tolerate present-day high-variance conditions remains untested. We experimentally examined how pH and temperature predicted for the year 2100 affects the growth and physiology of two dominant Caribbean corals ( Acropora palmata and Porites astreoides ) native to habitats with intrinsically low (outer-reef terrace, LV) and/or high (neighbouring seagrass, HV) environmental variance. Under present-day temperature and pH, growth and metabolic rates (calcification, respiration and photosynthesis) were unchanged for HV versus LV populations. Superimposing future climate scenarios onto the HV and LV conditions did not result in any enhanced tolerance to colonies native to HV. Calcification rates were always lower for elevated temperature and/or reduced pH. Together, these results suggest that seagrass habitats may not serve as refugia against climate change if the magnitude of future temperature and pH changes is equivalent to neighbouring reef habitats.

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Nagatsuka, Shizuo, and Yuji Maejima. "Dating of Soils on the Raised Coral Reef Terraces of Kikai Island in the Ryukyus, Southwest Japan: With Special Reference to the Age of Red-Yellow Soils." Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu) 40, no. 2 (2001): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.40.137.

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