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Journal articles on the topic 'Copying processes'
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1
Witte, Klaudia, Nina Kniel, and Ilka Maria Kureck. "Mate-choice copying: Status quo and where to go." Current Zoology 61, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 1073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.6.1073.
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Abstract Mate-choice copying is a fascinating and widespread mate-choice strategy. Individuals gather public information about potential mates by observing others during sexual interactions and choose or reject the same individual as a mate as the observed individual did before. The influence of copying behavior on an individual’s mate choice can be so strong that socially acquired information can override genetically based preferences for certain phenotypes. Thus, mate-choice copying enforces dynamic processes in sexual selection. Here, we review the current state of research on mate-choice copying and focus on sex-specific aspects. We present evidence that mate-choice copying can support the evolution of novel sexual ornaments, and we discuss potential costs of mate-choice copying when public information is not reliable. Moreover, we discuss the conflict faced by males that copy since mate-choice copying increases sperm competition. In conclusion we suggest interesting topics for future research in mate-choice copying.
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Falk, Seb. "‘I found this written in the other book’: Learning Astronomy in Late Medieval Monasteries." Studies in Church History 55 (June 2019): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2018.18.
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Recent histories have challenged narratives of a late medieval decline in monastic scholarship. This article extends that work to the natural sciences, showing how monks could learn astronomy and mathematics through their scholarly labour of reading, copying and glossing. Although the processes of learning are often poorly documented, and are often conflated with teaching, it is possible, through close reading of annotations and reconstruction of mathematical processes, to get a glimpse of an individual in the moment of acquiring scientific skills. Focusing on a piece of adaptive copying carried out by an English Benedictine monk c.1380, this article explores the devotional motivations underlying his work, and argues that it was through such copying and compilation that he acquired the expertise necessary to invent an astronomical instrument some years later.
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Pahole, I., I. Drstvensek, M. Ficko, and J. Balic. "Rapid prototyping processes give new possibilities to numerical copying techniques." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 164-165 (May 2005): 1416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.167.
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Dunstone, Juliet, Mark Atkinson, Catherine Grainger, Elizabeth Renner, and Christine A. Caldwell. "Limited evidence for executive function load impairing selective copying in a win-stay lose-shift task." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): e0247183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247183.
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The use of ‘explicitly metacognitive’ learning strategies has been proposed as an explanation for uniquely human capacities for cumulative culture. Such strategies are proposed to rely on explicit, system-2 cognitive processes, to enable advantageous selective copying. To investigate the plausibility of this theory, we investigated participants’ ability to make flexible learning decisions, and their metacognitive monitoring efficiency, under executive function (EF) load. Adult participants completed a simple win-stay lose-shift (WSLS) paradigm task, intended to model a situation where presented information can be used to inform response choice, by copying rewarded responses and avoiding those that are unrewarded. This was completed alongside a concurrent switching task. Participants were split into three conditions: those that needed to use a selective copying, WSLS strategy, those that should always copy observed information, and those that should always do the opposite (Expt 1). Participants also completed a metacognitive monitoring task alongside the concurrent switching task (Expt 2). Conditions demanding selective strategies were more challenging than those requiring the use of one rule consistently. In addition, consistently copying was less challenging than consistently avoiding observed stimuli. Differences between selectively copying and always copying were hypothesised to stem from working memory requirements rather than the concurrent EF load. No impact of EF load was found on participants’ metacognitive monitoring ability. These results suggest that copying decisions are underpinned by the use of executive functions even at a very basic level, and that selective copying strategies are more challenging than a combination of their component parts. We found minimal evidence that selective copying strategies relied on executive functions any more than consistent copying or deviation. However, task experience effects suggested that ceiling effects could have been masking differences between conditions which might be apparent in other contexts, such as when observed information must be retained in memory.
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Strachan, James W. A., Arianna Curioni, Merryn D. Constable, Günther Knoblich, and Mathieu Charbonneau. "Evaluating the relative contributions of copying and reconstruction processes in cultural transmission episodes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): e0256901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256901.
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The ability to transmit information between individuals through social learning is a foundational component of cultural evolution. However, how this transmission occurs is still debated. On the one hand, the copying account draws parallels with biological mechanisms for genetic inheritance, arguing that learners copy what they observe and novel variations occur through random copying errors. On the other hand, the reconstruction account claims that, rather than directly copying behaviour, learners reconstruct the information that they believe to be most relevant on the basis of pragmatic inference, environmental and contextual cues. Distinguishing these two accounts empirically is difficult based on data from typical transmission chain studies because the predictions they generate frequently overlap. In this study we present a methodological approach that generates different predictions of these accounts by manipulating the task context between model and learner in a transmission episode. We then report an empirical proof-of-concept that applies this approach. The results show that, when a model introduces context-dependent embedded signals to their actions that are not intended to be transmitted, it is possible to empirically distinguish between competing predictions made by these two accounts. Our approach can therefore serve to understand the underlying cognitive mechanisms at play in cultural transmission and can make important contributions to the debate between preservative and reconstructive schools of thought.
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Vakirtzis, Antonios, and S. Craig Roberts. "Mate choice copying and mate quality bias: different processes, different species." Behavioral Ecology 20, no. 4 (2009): 908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arp073.
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Witte, Klaudia, and Jean-Guy J. Godin. "Mate choice copying and mate quality bias: are they different processes?" Behavioral Ecology 21, no. 1 (November 16, 2009): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arp154.
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Pichugina, Olga K. "DEVELOPMENT OF IMITATION METHODS IN THE PAINTING PRACTICE OF THE 16th-17th CENTURY ITALIAN MASTERS." Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, no. 4(72) (December 28, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2020-4(72)-18.
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The article explores the imitation methods in Italian Renaissance and Baroque painting, which were widespread in the forms of copying, replication, compilation and imitation. Italian art inherited the practice of imitation from the era of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. It was the basis of apprenticeship and organization of work in art studios. Model imitation and, at the same time, search for stylistic originality from the second half of the 15th century led to the spreading of replication, compilation, imitation and emulation techniques. The practice of imitation was continued by the 17th century Italian masters in the form of self-copying. Thus, the processes of imitation in the form of copying, replication, and compilation during the Renaissance and Baroque were a major component of everyday artistic practice and produced a significant impact on its theoretical comprehension and continuation at the subsequent stages of development.
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Springett, B. E. "APPLICATION OF SELENIUM-TELLURIUM PHOTOCONDUCTORS TO THE XEROGRAPHIC COPYING AND PRINTING PROCESSES." Phosphorus and Sulfur and the Related Elements 38, no. 3-4 (August 1988): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086648808079729.
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Putri, Deantika Prawita, Otang Kurniaman, and Neni Hermita. "Perbandingan Kemampuan Menulis Permulaan Siswa Kelas 1 SD Negeri 004 Batu Ampar Berdasarkan Siswa Tamatan TK dan Tidak Tamatan TK." el-Ibtidaiy:Journal of Primary Education 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ejpe.v4i1.11510.
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this research is intended to describe the starting skiills of students class 1 SD Negeri 004 of Batu Ampar, based on kindergarten students and non-kindergarten students. The subject of this was 20 students class 1 SD Negeri 004 of Batu Ampar stone made up of 10 students who graduated from kindergarten and 10 those students who didn’t graduate from kindergarten. The method employed in the study is a quatitative descriptive method and dating-collection instrument consisting of tests consisting of 20 short written tests, which divide into four types of the vait: thicking letters, thicking words, copying words and copying sentences. The data obtained is further analyzed using a descriptive statistical technique. Studies suggest that there is a differenc betwen the ability to write an undergraduate students. In wich one woul have been a hundred times better writing ability for kindergarten students than avarage grades for kindergarten students 86,1% in “very good” and students didn’t kindergarten are 74,2% in category “good”.
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Pakendorf, Brigitte. "Intensive Contact and the Copying of Paradigms: An Éven Dialect in Contact with Sakha (Yakut)." Journal of Language Contact 2, no. 2 (2009): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000009792497724.
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AbstractThe development of the unique structure of Copper Island Aleut, which displays a combination of Russian finite verb morphology and Aleut nominal and non-finite verbal morphology as well as lexicon has been the subject of heated debate. In the absence of other examples of similar inflectional paradigm copying, the processes leading to this development are hard to elucidate. This paper discusses examples of paradigms copied from the Siberian Turkic language Sakha (Yakut) into a dialect of the Northern Tungusic language Éven spoken in the village of Sebjan-Küöl in northeastern Siberia. These data demonstrate that paradigm copying can take place in a situation of widespread bilingualism, with code-switching playing a vital role. Furthermore, they provide evidence that such mixed forms have the potential of serving as conduits for further copying of grammatical forms, and that they play an important role in the linguistic identity of the speakers, as has been suggested previously for mixed languages such as Copper Island Aleut.
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D'Angelo, Sophia. "Effective Pedagogy in the Context of a Competency-Based Curriculum Reform: Perceptions of Teachers in the Dominican Republic." Revista Caribeña de Investigación Educativa (RECIE) 5, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32541/recie.2021.v5i1.pp7-18.
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In 2016, the Dominican Republic Ministry of Education launched a competency-based curriculum, thus promoting a constructivist and learner-centered pedagogy. However, two years later, a national study found that several obstacles impede the implementation of this curriculum, specifically teachers’ lack of appropriation which resulted in the use of traditional instructional methods such as copying. By further exploring the culture of copying in Dominican public schools, this study contributes to the literature on effective pedagogy at the primary level. Using an ethnographic lens, the research explores the perceptions of four teachers in two schools in order to provide a more nuanced understanding of what it means to be effective in the context of the Dominican Republic. Drawing on data from interviews and observations, the study seeks to address the following questions: How do teachers conceptualize effective teaching and learning? In what ways do these perceptions reveal themselves in the classroom? What facilitators or inhibitors to effectiveness exist? The findings demonstrate that teachers construct practical knowledge that allows them to tend to the culture of copying in a more reflexive manner. They reject copying as an effective teaching strategy and demonstrate evidence of a paradigm shift towards constructivism. However, they still resort to using copying as a pedagogical activity due to several reasons: their perceptions of students, of curricular content, and of the political and material conditions in which they work. This study thus argues for more research that explores teachers’ voices and sense-making processes in order to understand not just what teachers do, but why they do it.
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Neff, D. B., and S. B. Wyatt. "Noise suppression by the radial amplitude‐slope rejection method." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 3 (March 1986): 844–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442137.
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Raw geophysical data generally contain spurious noise values which, if not removed, can seriously degrade any results obtained when the data are processed. Such spurious values may be caused by “environmental” noise generated externally to the data‐gathering equipment; introduced by the data‐gathering equipment; or introduced during preliminary data‐handling (tape copying, etc.) processes. Data‐manipulation steps, such as the conversion of raw stacking velocities to interval velocities, can also generate noise components which must be removed before the results can be utilized reliably.
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Schillinger, Kerstin, Alex Mesoudi, and Stephen J. Lycett. "Copying Error and the Cultural Evolution of “Additive” vs. “Reductive” Material Traditions: An Experimental Assessment." American Antiquity 79, no. 1 (January 2014): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.1.128.
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AbstractCopying errors that occur during the manufacture of artifactual traditions are potentially a major source of variation. It has been proposed that material items produced via “additive” processes (e.g., pottery) will possess less variation than traditions produced via “reductive” processes (e.g., stone knapping). The logic of this premise is that “additive” production methods more readily allow for the reversal of copying errors compared to strictly “reductive-only” processes. Here, we tested this hypothesis in shape data using an experimental framework in which we generated and statistically analyzed morphometry (size-adjusted) shape data under controlled and replicable conditions. Participants engaged in one of two alternative conditions: an irreversible (“reductive-only”) manufacturing process or a reversible (“additive-reductive”) process. With a number of factors held constant, participants were required to copy the shape of a “target form” as accurately as possible using a standardized block of plasticine and a steel table knife. Results demonstrated statistically greater levels of shape-copying errors in the replicas produced in the reductive-only condition. This indicates that “mutation rates” in the shape attributes of artifactual traditions produced via reductive processes are inherently greater than those produced via alternative means. Several implications for the study of variation in artifactual traditions are discussed.
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Matsui, Minoru, Kenta Ono, and Makoto Watanabe. "Random Drift and Design Creativity: Evolution of Drawings in the Laboratory." Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science 8, no. 2 (July 9, 2017): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5178/lebs.2017.59.
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Previous cultural evolutionary analyses argue that random-copying model that is analogous to genetic drift in population genetics explains a variety of real-world datasets. Few empirical investigations have been done on how cultural traits are actually generated and selected. We present experimental data that matches random-copying simulation very well. In our experiment, designers copied what they considered well designed, and eliminated the poor ones, and designed several novel drawings by different design strategies in a cultural transmission chain. What were conventionally thought useful for designers to produce designs that prosper, such as practice, exposure to other design and experience in design, do not quite contribute to its prosperity. We suggest that some design’s creation processes as well as its market may be value-neutral.
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Kharlamov, O. G., T. A. Finochenko, and A. N. Chukarin. "Theoretical analysis of the vibration inducing processes of the “workpiece-mandrel” assemblies during gear-tooth milling." E3S Web of Conferences 383 (2023): 04037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338304037.
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The theoretical study of the acoustic characteristics of the “workpiece-mandrel” technological system during gear-teeth milling has shown that for calculating the sound pressure levels, it is necessary to determine the vibration velocities of the workpieces and mandrels at their natural vibration frequencies. The paper presents the results of the theoretical studies of the vibration velocities of the processed gear wheels and mandrels during gear-tooth milling by the rolling and copying method.
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Whiten, Andrew. "Imitation, emulation, and the transmission of culture." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 1 (February 2008): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07003317.
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AbstractThree related issues are addressed. First, Hurley treats emulation and imitation as a straightforward dichotomy with emulation emerging first. Recent conceptual analyses and “ghost” chimpanzee experiments challenge this. Second, other recent chimpanzee experiments reveal high-fidelity social transmission, questioning whether copying fidelity is the brake on cumulative culture. Finally, other cognitive processes such as pretence need to be integrated.
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Lavrykov, Sergiy A., Bandaru V. Ramarao, Robert D. Solimeno, and Kapil M. Singh. "Analysis of Heat and Moisture Transients in Paper During Copying and Digital Printing Processes." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 57, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 605041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2013.57.6.060504.
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Lavrykov, Sergiy A., Bandaru V. Ramarao, Robert D. Solimeno, and Kapil M. Singh. "Analysis of Heat and Moisture Transients in Paper During Copying and Digital Printing Processes." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 57, no. 6 (March 15, 2014): 605041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2014.57.6.060504.
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Blackmore, Susan. "Those dreaded memes: The advantage of memetics over “symbolic inheritance”." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 4 (August 2007): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07002233.
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AbstractJablonka & Lamb (J&L) reject “the dreaded memes,” but memetics can explain human uniqueness and culture (as a product of the ability to imitate) without depending on their slippery notion of symbolism. Modern memes show the beginnings of a division into replicators and vehicles, and the replacement of reconstructive processes with systems of blind copying, variation, and selection.
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Chechlacz, Magdalena, Abigail Novick, Pia Rotshtein, Wai-Ling Bickerton, Glyn W. Humphreys, and Nele Demeyere. "The Neural Substrates of Drawing: A Voxel-based Morphometry Analysis of Constructional, Hierarchical, and Spatial Representation Deficits." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 12 (December 2014): 2701–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00664.
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Deficits in the ability to draw objects, despite apparently intact perception and motor abilities, are defined as constructional apraxia. Constructional deficits, often diagnosed based on performance on copying complex figures, have been reported in a range of pathologies, perhaps reflecting the contribution of several underlying factors to poor figure drawing. The current study provides a comprehensive analysis of brain–behavior relationships in drawing disorders based on data from a large cohort of subacute stroke patients (n = 358) using whole-brain voxel-wise statistical analyses linked to behavioral measures from a complex figure copy task. We found that (i) overall poor performance on figure copying was associated with subcortical lesions (BG and thalamus), (ii) lateralized deficits with respect to the midline of the viewer were associated with lesions within the posterior parietal lobule, and (iii) spatial positioning errors across the entire figure were associated with lesions within visual processing areas (lingual gyrus and calcarine) and the insula. Furthermore, deficits in reproducing global aspects of form were associated with damage to the right middle temporal gyrus, whereas deficits in representing local features were linked to the left hemisphere lesions within calcarine cortex (extending into the cuneus and precuneus), the insula, and the TPJ. The current study provides strong evidence that impairments in separate cognitive mechanisms (e.g., spatial coding, attention, motor execution, and planning) linked to different brain lesions contribute to poor performance on complex figure copying tasks. The data support the argument that drawing depends on several cognitive processes operating via discrete neuronal networks and that constructional problems as well as hierarchical and spatial representation deficits contribute to poor figure copying.
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Zentall, Thomas R. "Social learning mechanisms." Interaction Studies 12, no. 2 (July 21, 2011): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.12.2.03zen.
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Social influence and social learning are important to the survival of many organisms, and certain forms of social learning also may have important implications for their underlying cognitive processes. The various forms of social influence and learning are discussed with special emphasis on the mechanisms that may be responsible for opaque imitation (the copying of a response that the observer cannot easily see when it produces the response). Three procedures are examined, the results of which may qualify as opaque imitation: the bidirectional control procedure, the two- action procedure, and the do-as-I-do procedure. Variables that appear to affect the emergence of opaque imitation are identified and other complex forms of response copying are discussed. Keywords: bidirectional control procedure; contagion; emulation; imitation; local enhancement; object movement reenactment; observational conditioning; opaque imitation; social enhancement; social facilitation; social influence; social learning; stimulus enhancement; two action procedure
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Shin, Jun-Seop, Akira Isogai, and Fumihiko Onabe. "Quantitative Changes in Paper Components and Toner during Deinking Processes of Wastes of Copying Paper." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 51, no. 5 (1997): 773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.51.773.
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Steadman, Philip. "Epilogue." Social Analysis 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sa.2019.630407.
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When drawings are copied repeatedly in sequence by different people, they tend to undergo characteristic processes of change. Parts of an image become separated out, the whole design is flattened, the outline is emphasized, and perspective occlusion is removed. The drawing becomes more abstract, more schematic—in a word, more diagrammatic. This article focuses on such drawing processes and on the results of experiments in repeated copying by anthropologists, psychologists, architectural students, and Surrealists. The tentative conclusion is that designs are represented mentally in a ‘diagrammatic’ way that affects not only how they are seen but also how they are changed when reproduced.
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Engelmann, Lukas, Caroline Humphrey, and Christos Lynteris. "Afterword." Social Analysis 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sa.2019.630408.
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Philip Steadman’s epilogue suggests that the copying of drawings (and its study) by anthropologists, psychologists, architectural students, and Surrealists is revealing not only of processes of diagrammatization but also of the fact that there is something ‘diagrammatic’ about the way in which designs are represented mentally, which affects how they are seen and altered when they are reproduced. The work of diagrams, not only as visual objects but also as mental processes, is shown by the articles in this special issue to play a central role in fields as diverse as psychoanalysis, anthropology, epidemiology, and biology. More often than not, the synergy between these fields is facilitated, and sometimes catalyzed, by shared diagrammatic practices. As the studies examined in the epilogue demonstrate, diagrams form a privileged visual field of interdisciplinary dialogue and exchange. But importantly, they also facilitate a way of information processing—what the editors of this special issue call ‘diagrammatic reasoning’—through which data are processed, presented, and reconfigured in clear and easily assimilated forms.
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Barkela, Veronika, and Miriam Leuchter. "Effectiveness of Automated Formative Feedback in an Online Tutorial for Promoting Summarizing." Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange 17, no. 1 (2024): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18785/jetde.1701.04.
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We conducted a study with the aim to investigate the effectiveness of automated formative feedback in improving students’ ability to summarize. One-hundred and thirty-eight undergraduate students in an elementary education program were asked to summarize six scientific texts, with the experimental group (N=87) receiving automated formative feedback in a computer-based learning environment (FALB). FALB provides automated feedback about content coverage, copying words avoidance, redundancy avoidance, relevance, and length. Comparing the experimental group to a control group (N=51), results implied that summarizing skills could be fostered when interacting with FALB. In particular, the automated formative feedback promoted the adherence to the predefined length and the avoidance of copying words while maintaining a high content coverage, fostering cognitive processes essential for constructing a mental model of a text. In addition, students in the experimental group were able to maintain high quality summaries in their final session when not scaffolded. In conclusion, FALB supports the alignment of internal standards with external standards and provides an incentive to revise and engage with texts.
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Kohn, Kurt W., Mirit I. Aladjem, John N. Weinstein, and Yves Pommier. "Chromatin Challenges during DNA Replication: A Systems Representation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-06-0528.
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In a recent review, A. Groth and coworkers presented a comprehensive account of nucleosome disassembly in front of a DNA replication fork, assembly behind the replication fork, and the copying of epigenetic information onto the replicated chromatin. Understanding those processes however would be enhanced by a comprehensive graphical depiction analogous to a circuit diagram. Accordingly, we have constructed a molecular interaction map (MIM) that preserves in essentially complete detail the processes described by Groth et al. The MIM organizes and elucidates the information presented by Groth et al. on the complexities of chromatin replication, thereby providing a tool for system-level comprehension of the effects of genetic mutations, altered gene expression, and pharmacologic intervention.
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Bazanchuk, Galina, Sergey Kurakov, and Grigoriy Tikhomirov. "PANTOGRAPH: THE HISTORY OF THIS UNIVERSAL DEVICE." LIFE OF THE EARTH 46, no. 1 (February 21, 2024): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3776.0514-7468.2024_46_1/81-89.
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The article talks about the important role played by the rectilinear-directing mechanism in the history of world science and technology. Using the example of pantograph, an early mathematical instrument, we will trace the development of this design, unique in its simplicity, over time and show rare examples of these devices from the collection of the Museum of Bauman Moscow State Technical University. The widespread use of pantographs dates back to the 18th-19th centuries, which allows us to reveal the relationship between natural sciences (the body of knowledge about the Earth, natural objects, phenomena and processes) and engineering, purely technical disciplines, using the example of the use of these scientific instruments in the activities of naturalists and scientists and inventors. Until recently, in mechanical engineering, the use of pantograph mechanisms made it possible to solve the problems of producing parts with complex shaped surfaces on copying machines without the use of CNC systems. Nowadays, copying machines with pantographs continue to be produced, but rather for hobbies, leisure, and artistic processing of materials. The authors’ choice of the topic is dictated by the infrequent mention of such tools and mechanisms in modern Russian publications and sources.
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Popova, Lyudmila, Irina Taranets, Ekaterina Romanova, Marina Pikulenko, and Aleksandra Mazaeva. "PECULIARITIES OF THE PREPARATION AND CONDUCT OF EXCURSIONS IN A NATURAL SCIENCE MUSEUM AND BOTANICAL GARDE." LIFE OF THE EARTH 46, no. 1 (February 21, 2024): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3775.0514-7468.2024_46_1/73-80.
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The article talks about the important role played by the rectilinear-directing mechanism in the history of world science and technology. Using the example of pantograph, an early mathematical instrument, we will trace the development of this design, unique in its simplicity, over time and show rare examples of these devices from the collection of the Museum of Bauman Moscow State Technical University. The widespread use of pantographs dates back to the 18th-19th centuries, which allows us to reveal the relationship between natural sciences (the body of knowledge about the Earth, natural objects, phenomena and processes) and engineering, purely technical disciplines, using the example of the use of these scientific instruments in the activities of naturalists and scientists and inventors. Until recently, in mechanical engineering, the use of pantograph mechanisms made it possible to solve the problems of producing parts with complex shaped surfaces on copying machines without the use of CNC systems. Nowadays, copying machines with pantographs continue to be produced, but rather for hobbies, leisure, and artistic processing of materials. The authors’ choice of the topic is dictated by the infrequent mention of such tools and mechanisms in modern Russian publications and sources.
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Bruyn, Adrienne. "Grammaticalization in creoles." Language Change in Contact Languages 33, no. 2 (May 15, 2009): 312–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.33.2.04bru.
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Cases from Sranan are presented in order to illustrate the various processes and mechanisms involved in developments in a creole language that could be interpreted as grammaticalization. While we do find “ordinary” grammaticalization, substrate patterns sometimes provided a model. In the extreme case, where the development consists of a large shortcut, grammaticalization as a usage-based process is no longer at issue, but rather a kind of local relexification variously referred to as “calquing” (Keesing 1991), “apparent grammaticalization” (Bruyn 1996), or “polysemy copying” (Heine and Kuteva 2005). Yet other cases involve reanalysis of a lexifier form without grammaticalization (Detges 2000). Distinguishing between the various types of developments is essential both for understanding the processes shaping creoles, and for delimiting the concept of grammaticalization.
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Бескаравайний, С. С. "The emergence of artificial Intelligence through the prism of Haeckel’s biogenetic law." Grani 22, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/171995.
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The article discusses the analogies between the formation of humanity as a collective subject, and the modern process of forming artificial intelligence, which should also have the features of a collective subject. It is shown that attempts to rely solely on the study of individual intelligence are unproductive. The isomorphism of anthroposociogenesis and the creation of AI is motivated by the following: AI is created by human civilization - therefore, its thinking will reproduce both the features of individual intelligence and the features of civilization that ensure the socialization of the individual. The problem of copying consciousness is difficult to analyze, therefore, the formation of subjectivity is considered. A technosubject is a collection of devices and programs that can determine their own future. It has been established that the bio-genetic law acts as a vector for the evolutionary variability of technical devices and sets the boundary conditions that must be met in the process of becoming a techno-subject. Copying the process of the emergence of the human mind and at the same time the practice of society in the accumulation and processing of information shows the path of development. Since now all functional mechanisms of the development of the mind and consciousness have not been revealed, it is necessary to correlate the new, computer mind with the form, with the external manifestations of the previous, natural, intelligence. There are also differences between these processes: 1) in comparison with the formation of human intelligence, the formation of AI is more reflexive, conscious, 2) the fundamentally different physicality of AI, due to the transfer of a large amount of information between machines, 3) the formation of techno-subject can be completely different in speed, since the learning ability of neural networks can exceed the learning ability of a person. Now, technological structures for storing information that we perceive in a socio-technological context can become elements of the body of a new subject. The Internet of things shows the possibility of a fundamentally new physicality, and communications in it are equivalent to unconscious biochemical processes in the human body. At the same time, copying the forms of the human body is redundant, but copying of manipulators and robot operators that can interact with the infrastructure created by man is necessary. It is shown that the Internet as a whole, as a single system, in modern conditions cannot become an AI carrier, it is more a medium than a subject. The carriers of AI should be the structural units of the technosphere, which will become the spokesmen of those contradictions that are sources of development. Probably, these will be technocenoses that will strive to achieve autotrophy, which will require extremely clear goal-setting from them, and, as a result, will lead them to the status of a techno-subject.
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Hrushetskiy, Sergiy, and Oleh Omelyanov. "ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND DESIGN FEATURES OF SOWING MACHINES." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 2(117) (August 30, 2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2022-2-3.
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To date, sowing is one of the most urgent tasks, therefore, universal sowing equipment is widely in demand, which should ensure a uniform distribution of the number of plants per unit area to create the same conditions for development. It is the sowing machines of this type that will largely solve the problems of timely high-quality sowing with a combination of other technological operations - soil preparation, fertilization, embedding, rolling, etc. At the same time, a significant amount of technical and human resources will be released, sowing dates will be strictly observed. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis and prospects for the technological and design features of sowing machines to improve the operational reliability of the mechanism for copying the relief of sowing machines using advanced structural materials. The research was carried out by the method of technological and structural analysis of technologies and machines for sowing machines. In the process of research, methods of comparison and mathematical modeling of technological processes were used. The information base of the research was the works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on technologies and machines for sowing. On the basis of the comparative analysis and the prospect of technological and design features of sowing machines, it was found that friendly stairs (at least 90%), and, as a result, a high yield depend on the quality of the work of the parallelogram mechanism for copying sowing complexes. The reason for the violation of agricultural requirements for sowing, in particular the depth and uniformity of seed placement, is the low durability of the mechanisms for copying the soil surface. It has been established that the main reason for the low reliability of these mechanisms is the use of "steel-to-steel" tribo-couplers in their mobile joints, which ensure operability with frequent (every 40...50 hours of operation) maintenance (lubrication). It has been revealed that it is promising to introduce polymer-composite materials for structural purposes in the movable mates of the parallelogram copying mechanism, which will change the working conditions and increase the durability of this mechanism as a whole. To solve the problems associated with the development and study of the properties of new or modified PCM in the movable joints of sowing machines, it is necessary to conduct a theoretical justification and experimental feasibility of using polymer parts and their effectiveness. It is necessary to develop a model that describes the dynamics of loads under different operating conditions of the disc coulter. It is also necessary to carry out theoretical calculations that take into account the change in the load on individual nodes of the parallelogram copying mechanism.
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Martin, Paul R. "Behavioural Approaches to Headaches." Behaviour Change 4, no. 2 (June 1987): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900008421.
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Headaches are a common problem, and psychological factors are widely acknowledged as playing a critical role in the development and maintenance of a high proportion of cases. This mini series consists of six contributions to the headache literature from researchers working in Australia. The papers focus on cycles in headache activity; behavioural patterns, copying styles and personality characteristics of headache sufferers; psychophysiological pain mechanisms; and potential adverse consequences of simplistic treatment approaches. The emphasis on non-treatment studies is unusual in this field but argued to be appropriate in view of the lack of knowledge concerning basic headache processes.
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Arfé, Barbara, Francesca Corato, Eleonora Pizzocaro, and Anne Merella. "The Effects of Script and Orthographic Complexity on the Handwriting and Spelling Performance of Children With Dyslexia." Journal of Learning Disabilities 53, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219419892845.
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Handwriting and spelling problems are often associated in dyslexia. However, the nature of their association is still unclear, and most of the existing research in this area is on deep orthographies (mainly English). The extent to which findings are applicable across languages is uncertain. This article examines the effects of script (manuscript/cursive) and orthographic complexity (complex/simple spellings) on the word dictation and word-copying performance of a group of 24 Italian children with dyslexia and handwriting difficulties (DH group, aged 8–10). Their performance was compared with that of a chronologically age–matched group (CA) and a group of younger children matched to the DH group for their handwriting skills (HA: handwriting age group). Children performed two classical handwriting tasks: the alphabet task and a sentence-copy task, and dictation and copy tasks of orthographically complex words and orthographically simple words. Copying was performed in manuscript and cursive. The results show that although the DH group shows a significant deficit in graphomotor processes, orthographic complexity more than the visual-motor characteristics of the task (i.e., script) affects their performance in handwriting. An advantage for cursive script in DH children, but not in the other two groups, emerges from the study.
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Esquivel-Gómez, J., P. D. Arjona-Villicaña, and J. Acosta-Elías. "The impact of local processes and the prohibition of multiple links in the topological properties of directed complex networks." International Journal of Modern Physics C 26, no. 12 (September 2015): 1550142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183115501429.
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Local processes exert influence on the growth and evolution of complex networks, which in turn shape the topological and dynamic properties of these networks. Some local processes have been researched, for example: Addition of nodes and links, rewiring of links between nodes, accelerated growth, link removal, aging, copying and multiple links prohibition. These processes impact directly into the topological and dynamical properties of complex networks. This paper introduces a new model for growth of directed complex networks which incorporates the prohibition of multiple links, addition of nodes and links, and rewiring of links. This paper also reports on the impact that these processes have in the topological properties of the networks generated with the proposed model. Numerical simulation shows that, when the frequency of rewiring increases in the proposed model, the γ exponent of the in-degree distribution approaches a value of 1.1. When the frequency of adding new links increases, the γ exponent approaches 1. That is the proposed model is able to generate all exponent values documented in real-world networks which range 1.05 < γ < 8.94.
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Moronuki, Nobuyuki. "Special Issue on Texturing Processes and Attainable Functionalities." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0003.
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Regular micro/nanostructures or textures provide such functions as optical or friction properties, but neither texture design nor the texturing process has been well developed. Functional texture is often inspired by natural designs, with the microstructure on the surface of lotus leaves or the nanostructure on the bottoms of geckos’ feet often cited as examples. “Biomimetic” has become a keyword in state-of-the-art technologies. Processes are also important because functional textures require a wide range of structural dimensions, from nanometers to micrometers. Top-down processes such as cutting or energy beam processing are often used and are based on the copying principle. Bottom-up processes include the self-assembly of particles and the anodic oxidation of aluminum. As the principle behind bottom-up processes is completely different from that behind top-down processes, special attention is warranted. Furthermore, material deposition can effect drastic changes in surface functionality. This special issue features nine papers, including eight studies and one review paper, classified into the following topics: - Biomimetic design of functions - Top-down or cutting texturing processes - Bottom-up or self-organization texturing processes - Measurement system for textures - Optical applications - Optical applications - Adhesive applications - Biomedical applications These papers present the latest advances in texturing processes, functional design, and realization or demonstration. Learning more about these advances will enable readers toshare their knowledge and experience in technologies, development, and potential texturing applications. In closing, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the authors and reviewers for their interesting and enlightening contributions to this special issue.
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Risteska, Marija. "The role of the EU in promoting good governance in Macedonia: towards efficiency and effectiveness or deliberative democracy?" Nationalities Papers 41, no. 3 (May 2013): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2013.769504.
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Good governance has been used as a development tool by international organizations and the European Union (hereinafter: EU) which has included it in cooperation agreements and promotes it within its Enlargement Policy. This paper analyzes the good governance approach in the EU's relations with Macedonia and its effects on the country's democratic policy making. The analysis shows that the Europeanization of Macedonia has an impact on the democratic processes in the country with sub-optimal results as its technocratic approach in assessing the country's readiness for EU membership has proved to be detrimental for the deliberative democratic processes. The intensive pressure for effectiveness and efficiency results in finding short cuts in rule transfer through copying and pasting legislation from member states and limiting the democratic policy making to political deliberation rather than to wide policy consultations between state and non-state actors.
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Beeson, Pélagie M., Kindle Rising, and Jennifer Volk. "Writing Treatment for Severe Aphasia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 5 (October 2003): 1038–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/083).
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Writing treatment that involved repeated copying and recall of target words was implemented with 8 individuals with severe aphasia in order to discern the best candidates for the treatment. Four of the 8 participants had strong positive responses to the copy and recall treatment (CART), relearning spellings for 15 targeted words during 10 to 12 weeks of treatment and up to 5 additional words during a month-long homework-based program. Of the 4 other participants, 3 learned the spellings of some target words but failed to reach criterion, and 1 had a poor treatment outcome. Insights regarding possible factors that limited success were gained by examination of individual responses to treatment as well as performance on the pretreatment assessments of semantic, phonological, and orthographic processes. Among the factors associated with success were (a) consistent, accurate completion of daily homework, (b) a relatively preserved semantic system, (c) the ability to discern words from nonwords, and (d) adequately preserved nonverbal visual problem-solving skills. Aphasia severity and minimal pretreatment spelling abilities did not necessarily limit the response to treatment. Participants with positive treatment outcomes demonstrated improved spelling of target words following repeated copying within a single treatment session, and accurately completed daily writing homework. Thus, pretreatment assessment and stimulability within initial treatment sessions provided indications of likely outcome.
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Hartary Barkah, Fadhilah, Evi Nursanti Rukmana, and Asep Saeful Rohman. "OTOMASI BAHAN PUSTAKA DI PERPUSTAKAAN TAMAN KANAK-KANAK." Shaut Al-Maktabah : Jurnal Perpustakaan, Arsip dan Dokumentasi 14, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37108/shaut.v14i1.641.
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The main function of library automation is cataloging which can assist in various processes from creation, updating, copying, retrieval and record management. Library collection activities are one form of processing library collections. In this study, the main focus is on the process of automation of library materials for the Pertiwi 1 Kindergarten library using the c application. In addition, the author also describes the condition of the Pertiwi 1 Kindergarten library and also the use of the library for the development of the Pertiwi 1 Kindergarten children's reading interest. The research method used in this article is a descriptive qualitative method and the data collection techniques used are interviews and literature studies.
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Karić, Amina, and Mohamed Ragab Abdel Gawwad. "In silico interactome analysis of cross-link repair proteins (RPA32b and RPA2) in Arabidopsis thaliana." Bioengineering Studies 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/bes.v2i1.id180.
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DNA molecule is found in every cell in a living organism and function as an instruction manual for growth, development, as well as any other processes that happen. As the cell divide, it needs to copy its DNA. During the copying, an error can occur, which can lead to a disease. However, there are different error repair mechanisms that are searching for an error, and repairing it. This study focused on 2 proteins involved in DNA repair mechanism, RPA32B and RPA2 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Throughout multiple in silico approached, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, 3D visualisation, combination and interaction, we confirmed that the RPA2 and RPA 32b are involved in DNA replication, meiotic recombination and DNA repair mechanism.
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White, Kevin, and Fran Collyer. "To market, to market: Corporatisation, privatisation and hospital costs." Australian Health Review 20, no. 2 (1997): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah970013.
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The Australian political arena echoes with calls for the privatisation of health careinstitutions, the contracting-out of health care services and the introduction of variousmarketing strategies into hospital management. These calls are justified by assertingthat the market, rather than the public sector, can provide better services, greaterproductivity and increased efficiency. The National Health Strategy (1991, p 17)provides a good example. Noting that Australia is copying American investment trendsfor hospital ?chains? rather than for independent small establishments, the strategydismisses any concern over changes in ownership, pointing instead to a ?process ofrationalisation? that is to be ?welcomed?. Using evidence from the United States,United Kingdom and Australian hospital sectors, this paper examines claims for thegreater efficiency of market processes.
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Krzakiewicz, Kazimierz, and Szymon Cyfert. "Imovation in shaping dynamic capabilities of organisations." Management 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/manment-2015-0047.
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Summary The underlying assumption of the article is that imitation is as important as innovation when creating a long-term competitive advantage, and that a systematic, strategic approach to imitation is necessary to ensure efficient and effective innovation. Viewed in this light, imitation is a rare and complex dynamic capability which organisations should properly develop and skillfully use. Imitators provide customers with products that are both better and cheaper. This article contributes to a discussion of innovative processes and their role in shaping dynamic capabilities of organisations. It attempts to portray the essence and nature of imitation and identifies benefits which copying what other organisations do can bring in terms of dynamic capabilities.
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Avdeev, Evgenii, and Sergey Vorobiev. "Globalization and Modernization in Developed and Developing Countries: Typical Features and Main Strategies." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.5469.
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The paper reviews the interconnection of globalization and modernization processes in developing countries. The typical features of the new stage of globalization, such as changing the direction of globalization, regionalization, formation of new global development centers, as well as other problems and contradictions in the main trends of globalization and their impact on the modernization processes in developing countries are discussed. The article analyzes the main strategies of modernization developing countries such as modernization based on the coercive, political and economic pressure of the Western world, leading to copying of socio-economic and political development models and institutions and a modernization strategy based on the convergence of global development models and national socio-economic models. The authors consider the main features of the entry into the world development of the countries of Eastern Europe on the basis of preserving state and socio-cultural integrity and defining their own specificity of entering into a single European community already formed
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Blyth, Simon. "Integration of JUNO simulation framework with Opticks: GPU accelerated optical propagation via NVIDIA® OptiX™." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125103009.
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Opticks is an open source project that accelerates optical photon simulation by integrating NVIDIA GPU ray tracing, accessed via NVIDIA OptiX, with Geant4 toolkit based simulations. A single NVIDIA Turing architecture GPU has been measured to provide optical photon simulation speedup factors exceeding 1500 times single threaded Geant4 with a full JUNO analytic GPU geometry automatically translated from the Geant4 geometry. Optical physics processes of scattering, absorption, scintillator reemission and boundary processes are implemented within CUDA OptiX programs based on the Geant4 implementations. Wavelength-dependent material and surface properties as well as inverse cumulative distribution functions for reemission are interleaved into GPU textures providing fast interpolated property lookup or wavelength generation. In this work we describe major recent developments to facilitate integration of Opticks with the JUNO simulation framework including on GPU collection effciency hit culling which substantially reduces both the CPU memory needed for photon hits and copying overheads. Also progress with the migration of Opticks to the all new NVIDIA OptiX 7 API is described.
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Geoga, Margaret. "New Insights into Papyrus Millingen and the Reception History of The Teaching of Amenemhat." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 107, no. 1-2 (June 2021): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03075133211050658.
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This article examines Papyrus Millingen, an important but now-lost manuscript of The Teaching of Amenemhat. The papyrus survives today in a nineteenth century facsimile, which was last published in black and white photographs in 1963. This article presents new color photographs of the facsimile, along with hieroglyphic transcription and philological commentary, which discusses not only the text but also what the facsimile’s paratextual features suggest about the ancient and modern copying processes. P. Millingen’s version of Amenemhat is contextualized within the full corpus of surviving copies of the poem. The article proposes several possible social contexts for the manuscript’s production and usage and considers the impact of those contexts, along with broader cultural trends of the Eighteenth Dynasty, on the papyrus owner’s reception of Amenemhat.
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Pompei, Simone, Vittorio Loreto, and Francesca Tria. "Copystree." Language Dynamics and Change 8, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00801003.
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AbstractThe reconstruction of phylogenies of cultural artefacts represents an open problem that mixes theoretical and computational challenges. Existing benchmarks rely on simulated phylogenies, where hypotheses on the underlying evolutionary mechanisms are unavoidable, or on real data phylogenies, for which no true evolutionary history is known. Here we introduce a web-based game, Copystree, where users create phylogenies of manuscripts through successive copying actions in a fully monitored setup. While players enjoy the experience, Copystree allows to build artificial phylogenies whose evolutionary processes do not obey any predefined theoretical mechanisms, being generated instead with the unpredictability of human creativity. We present the analysis of the data gathered during the first set of experiments and use the artificial phylogenies gathered for a first test of existing phylogenetic algorithms.
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Alarcon, Jhon Arista. "Risk management model for information security." DecisionTech Review 3 (May 16, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47909/dtr.05.
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A risk management model makes it possible to explore the organizational factors and risk management practices that affect or delay the achievement of the objectives that are considered strategic. The purpose of managing risks is to develop a detailed analysis of the organization, its operations, assets, processes and their existing interrelationships in order to establish a complete list of risks, which implies identifying, analyzing and providing alternative treatment to risks. actual and potential. Therefore, a risk management model obtains too much importance when focusing on the needs of the organization in a specific way, since it is not only about copying norms or policies of one organization to mitigate the risks of another, but each of these has different scenarios or contexts.
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Foster, Nathan C., Simon J. Bennett, Joe Causer, Digby Elliott, Geoffrey Bird, and Spencer J. Hayes. "Facilitating sensorimotor integration via blocked practice underpins imitation learning of atypical biological kinematics in autism spectrum disorder." Autism 24, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 1494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320908104.
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The reduced efficacy of voluntary imitation in autism is suggested to be underpinned by differences in sensorimotor processing. We examined whether the imitation of novel atypical biological kinematics by autistic adults is enhanced by imitating a model in a predictable blocked practice trial order. This practice structure is expected to facilitate trial-to-trial sensorimotor processing, integration and encoding of biological kinematics. The results showed that neurotypical participants were generally more effective at imitating the biological kinematics across all experimental phases. Importantly, and compared to a pre-test where imitation was performed in a randomised (unpredictable) trial order, the autistic participants learned to imitate the atypical kinematics more effectively following an acquisition phase of repeatedly imitating the same model during blocked practice. Data from the post-test showed that autistic participants remained effective at imitating the atypical biological kinematics when the models were subsequently presented in a randomised trial order. These findings show that the reduced efficacy of voluntary imitation in autism can be enhanced during learning by facilitating trial-to-trial processing and integration of sensorimotor information using blocked practice. Lay Abstract Autistic people sometimes find it difficult to copy another person’s movement accurately, especially if the movement is unfamiliar or novel (e.g. to use chop sticks). In this study, we found that autistic people were generally less accurate at copying a novel movement than non-autistic people. However, by making a small adjustment and asking people to copy this movement for a set number of attempts in a predictable manner, we showed that autistic people did successfully learn to copy a new movement. This is a very important finding for autistic people because rather than thinking they cannot copy new movements, all that needs to be considered is for parents/guardians, teachers and/or support workers to make a small adjustment so that learning occurs in a predictable manner for new skills to be successfully acquired through copying. The implications from this study are wide-ranging as copying (imitation) and motor learning are important developmental processes for autistic infants and children to acquire in order to interact within the world. Therefore, practising these behaviours in the most effective way can certainly help the developmental pathway.
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Anatskaya, Olga V., and Alexander E. Vinogradov. "Polyploidy as a Fundamental Phenomenon in Evolution, Development, Adaptation and Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073542.
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DNA replication during cell proliferation is ‘vertical’ copying, which reproduces an initial amount of genetic information. Polyploidy, which results from whole-genome duplication, is a fundamental complement to vertical copying. Both organismal and cell polyploidy can emerge via premature cell cycle exit or via cell-cell fusion, the latter giving rise to polyploid hybrid organisms and epigenetic hybrids of somatic cells. Polyploidy-related increase in biological plasticity, adaptation, and stress resistance manifests in evolution, development, regeneration, aging, oncogenesis, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the prevalence in nature and importance for medicine, agri- and aquaculture, biological processes and epigenetic mechanisms underlying these fundamental features largely remain unknown. The evolutionarily conserved features of polyploidy include activation of transcription, response to stress, DNA damage and hypoxia, and induction of programs of morphogenesis, unicellularity, and longevity, suggesting that these common features confer adaptive plasticity, viability, and stress resistance to polyploid cells and organisms. By increasing cell viability, polyploidization can provide survival under stressful conditions where diploid cells cannot survive. However, in somatic cells it occurs at the expense of specific function, thus promoting developmental programming of adult cardiovascular diseases and increasing the risk of cancer. Notably, genes arising via evolutionary polyploidization are heavily involved in cancer and other diseases. Ploidy-related changes of gene expression presumably originate from chromatin modifications and the derepression of bivalent genes. The provided evidence elucidates the role of polyploidy in evolution, development, aging, and carcinogenesis, and may contribute to the development of new strategies for promoting regeneration and preventing cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
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Zbudniewek, Janusz. "Po tropach średniowiecznej kancelarii Zakonu Paulinów." Vox Patrum 65 (July 15, 2016): 741–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.3532.
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The keeping of the scriptorium and chancery by the first Polish Paulines dates back to the first half of the 15th century. It was mainly focused on copying liturgical and related books used for pastoral purposes, legal documentation and history, which included among others the history of the image of Our Lady (Translacio tabule) and the Chronicle of Wincenty Kadłubek. In the 16th century the scriptorium of Jasna Góra undertook the documentation of religious life in the sanctuary, including the first reports of pilgrims and records of confreres, as a response to the attacks of the Reformation. At the same time the scriptorium created the first cartularies and other books containing legal processes, inventories, as well as library and account records. The development process of the chancery has reached its peak in the early 17th century, when Fr. Mikołaj Staszewski (1595-1658), a former employee of the Curia of Poznań, later Provincial and General of the Pauline Order, entered the Board of the Order and introduced a new style of copying files. He also initiated the process of writing Pauline chronicles – first of the Polish Province and then of the whole Order, and introduced relevant secretarial standards to the religious constitution, of which he was the main inspirer and contractor. Currently the Polish Pauline Archives store 71 medieval manuscripts from Polish scriptoria, and more than 40 cartulary books from the modern era, among which only one Formulare obedientiarum salutationum et epistolarum variarum of Dionizy Klękowski (1599-1675) contains 1053 copies of various documents and correspondence from the period 1367-1673.