Academic literature on the topic 'Copying processes'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Copying processes.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Copying processes"
1
Witte, Klaudia, Nina Kniel, and Ilka Maria Kureck. "Mate-choice copying: Status quo and where to go." Current Zoology 61, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 1073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.6.1073.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Mate-choice copying is a fascinating and widespread mate-choice strategy. Individuals gather public information about potential mates by observing others during sexual interactions and choose or reject the same individual as a mate as the observed individual did before. The influence of copying behavior on an individual’s mate choice can be so strong that socially acquired information can override genetically based preferences for certain phenotypes. Thus, mate-choice copying enforces dynamic processes in sexual selection. Here, we review the current state of research on mate-choice copying and focus on sex-specific aspects. We present evidence that mate-choice copying can support the evolution of novel sexual ornaments, and we discuss potential costs of mate-choice copying when public information is not reliable. Moreover, we discuss the conflict faced by males that copy since mate-choice copying increases sperm competition. In conclusion we suggest interesting topics for future research in mate-choice copying.
2
Falk, Seb. "‘I found this written in the other book’: Learning Astronomy in Late Medieval Monasteries." Studies in Church History 55 (June 2019): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2018.18.
Full textAbstract:
Recent histories have challenged narratives of a late medieval decline in monastic scholarship. This article extends that work to the natural sciences, showing how monks could learn astronomy and mathematics through their scholarly labour of reading, copying and glossing. Although the processes of learning are often poorly documented, and are often conflated with teaching, it is possible, through close reading of annotations and reconstruction of mathematical processes, to get a glimpse of an individual in the moment of acquiring scientific skills. Focusing on a piece of adaptive copying carried out by an English Benedictine monk c.1380, this article explores the devotional motivations underlying his work, and argues that it was through such copying and compilation that he acquired the expertise necessary to invent an astronomical instrument some years later.
3
Pahole, I., I. Drstvensek, M. Ficko, and J. Balic. "Rapid prototyping processes give new possibilities to numerical copying techniques." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 164-165 (May 2005): 1416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.167.
Full text
4
Dunstone, Juliet, Mark Atkinson, Catherine Grainger, Elizabeth Renner, and Christine A. Caldwell. "Limited evidence for executive function load impairing selective copying in a win-stay lose-shift task." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): e0247183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247183.
Full textAbstract:
The use of ‘explicitly metacognitive’ learning strategies has been proposed as an explanation for uniquely human capacities for cumulative culture. Such strategies are proposed to rely on explicit, system-2 cognitive processes, to enable advantageous selective copying. To investigate the plausibility of this theory, we investigated participants’ ability to make flexible learning decisions, and their metacognitive monitoring efficiency, under executive function (EF) load. Adult participants completed a simple win-stay lose-shift (WSLS) paradigm task, intended to model a situation where presented information can be used to inform response choice, by copying rewarded responses and avoiding those that are unrewarded. This was completed alongside a concurrent switching task. Participants were split into three conditions: those that needed to use a selective copying, WSLS strategy, those that should always copy observed information, and those that should always do the opposite (Expt 1). Participants also completed a metacognitive monitoring task alongside the concurrent switching task (Expt 2). Conditions demanding selective strategies were more challenging than those requiring the use of one rule consistently. In addition, consistently copying was less challenging than consistently avoiding observed stimuli. Differences between selectively copying and always copying were hypothesised to stem from working memory requirements rather than the concurrent EF load. No impact of EF load was found on participants’ metacognitive monitoring ability. These results suggest that copying decisions are underpinned by the use of executive functions even at a very basic level, and that selective copying strategies are more challenging than a combination of their component parts. We found minimal evidence that selective copying strategies relied on executive functions any more than consistent copying or deviation. However, task experience effects suggested that ceiling effects could have been masking differences between conditions which might be apparent in other contexts, such as when observed information must be retained in memory.
5
Strachan, James W. A., Arianna Curioni, Merryn D. Constable, Günther Knoblich, and Mathieu Charbonneau. "Evaluating the relative contributions of copying and reconstruction processes in cultural transmission episodes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): e0256901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256901.
Full textAbstract:
The ability to transmit information between individuals through social learning is a foundational component of cultural evolution. However, how this transmission occurs is still debated. On the one hand, the copying account draws parallels with biological mechanisms for genetic inheritance, arguing that learners copy what they observe and novel variations occur through random copying errors. On the other hand, the reconstruction account claims that, rather than directly copying behaviour, learners reconstruct the information that they believe to be most relevant on the basis of pragmatic inference, environmental and contextual cues. Distinguishing these two accounts empirically is difficult based on data from typical transmission chain studies because the predictions they generate frequently overlap. In this study we present a methodological approach that generates different predictions of these accounts by manipulating the task context between model and learner in a transmission episode. We then report an empirical proof-of-concept that applies this approach. The results show that, when a model introduces context-dependent embedded signals to their actions that are not intended to be transmitted, it is possible to empirically distinguish between competing predictions made by these two accounts. Our approach can therefore serve to understand the underlying cognitive mechanisms at play in cultural transmission and can make important contributions to the debate between preservative and reconstructive schools of thought.
6
Vakirtzis, Antonios, and S. Craig Roberts. "Mate choice copying and mate quality bias: different processes, different species." Behavioral Ecology 20, no. 4 (2009): 908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arp073.
Full text
7
Witte, Klaudia, and Jean-Guy J. Godin. "Mate choice copying and mate quality bias: are they different processes?" Behavioral Ecology 21, no. 1 (November 16, 2009): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arp154.
Full text
8
Pichugina, Olga K. "DEVELOPMENT OF IMITATION METHODS IN THE PAINTING PRACTICE OF THE 16th-17th CENTURY ITALIAN MASTERS." Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, no. 4(72) (December 28, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2020-4(72)-18.
Full textAbstract:
The article explores the imitation methods in Italian Renaissance and Baroque painting, which were widespread in the forms of copying, replication, compilation and imitation. Italian art inherited the practice of imitation from the era of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. It was the basis of apprenticeship and organization of work in art studios. Model imitation and, at the same time, search for stylistic originality from the second half of the 15th century led to the spreading of replication, compilation, imitation and emulation techniques. The practice of imitation was continued by the 17th century Italian masters in the form of self-copying. Thus, the processes of imitation in the form of copying, replication, and compilation during the Renaissance and Baroque were a major component of everyday artistic practice and produced a significant impact on its theoretical comprehension and continuation at the subsequent stages of development.
9
Springett, B. E. "APPLICATION OF SELENIUM-TELLURIUM PHOTOCONDUCTORS TO THE XEROGRAPHIC COPYING AND PRINTING PROCESSES." Phosphorus and Sulfur and the Related Elements 38, no. 3-4 (August 1988): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086648808079729.
Full text
10
Putri, Deantika Prawita, Otang Kurniaman, and Neni Hermita. "Perbandingan Kemampuan Menulis Permulaan Siswa Kelas 1 SD Negeri 004 Batu Ampar Berdasarkan Siswa Tamatan TK dan Tidak Tamatan TK." el-Ibtidaiy:Journal of Primary Education 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ejpe.v4i1.11510.
Full textAbstract:
this research is intended to describe the starting skiills of students class 1 SD Negeri 004 of Batu Ampar, based on kindergarten students and non-kindergarten students. The subject of this was 20 students class 1 SD Negeri 004 of Batu Ampar stone made up of 10 students who graduated from kindergarten and 10 those students who didn’t graduate from kindergarten. The method employed in the study is a quatitative descriptive method and dating-collection instrument consisting of tests consisting of 20 short written tests, which divide into four types of the vait: thicking letters, thicking words, copying words and copying sentences. The data obtained is further analyzed using a descriptive statistical technique. Studies suggest that there is a differenc betwen the ability to write an undergraduate students. In wich one woul have been a hundred times better writing ability for kindergarten students than avarage grades for kindergarten students 86,1% in “very good” and students didn’t kindergarten are 74,2% in category “good”.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Copying processes"
1
Batterham, Ian, and n/a. "Office Copying 1950-1970 : thermographic processes, their deterioration and preservation." University of Canberra. School of Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060607.171830.
Full textAbstract:
This work looks at a range of copying processes used between 1950 and 1970 and which
can be gathered under the heading 'Thermography'. Thermography is a broad term
covering those processes which utilise heat to produce their image.
The main aims of the work were: to examine how and when each process was used; to
determine the chemistry of each process; to examine the permanence of existing copies
produced using the various processes; and to look at possible ways of improving the
preservation prospects of these copies.
These aims were addressed through both primary and secondary research mechanisms.
Research included examination of documentary source material, seeking out persons with
first hand knowledge of the development of the processes, as well as analysis of extant
copies from the various processes. Finally a series of preliminary experiments into the
aging properties of the papers and the possibilities of preservation through the use of
protective materials were carried out.
2
Igo, L. Brent. "Further explorations in online, copy and paste note taking mixed method evidence for encoding effects associated with imposed levels of restriction /." [Lincoln, Neb. : University of Nebraska-Lincoln], 2004. http://www.unl.edu/libr/Dissertations/2004/IgoDis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nebraska--Lincoln, 2004.PDF text: [2] leaves abstract, vii, 83 leaves dissertation : ill. (some col.). Site viewed on Jan. 25, 2005. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-74 of dissertation).
3
Fukui, Satoshi. "The role of surfaces in reprography: the study of toner fixing." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91093.
Full textAbstract:
The factors determining fuse quality in hot-roll toner fixing, namely, toner and paper surface properties and machine conditions were examined. The SEM observation of the fixing states and the tape peeling test failure states showed the direct relation between the fuse quality and the toner fixing states. A physical fusing model was employed to explain the change in the shape of toner particles during the fixing process.
The non-uniform fixing states were categorized into three levels. The first group comprised unmelted or only marginally melted toner particles which were weakly adhering to a paper surface and thus in a very early stage in the fusing model. The second group was composed of several combined toner particles in the middle point of the fusing model. The third group was made up of well sintered and spread toner particles called islands. These were strongly adhered to a paper surface and did not peel off by the tape test. The effect of heat and pressure on the fuse quality was to put forward the non-uniform fixing states toward the end of the fusing model giving rise to a better fuse quality.
Toner surface tension measurements by a sink-float method indicated a broad distribution from 23 to 38 dyne/cm. This result was supported by ESCA data showing a clear difference in surface chemical composition of nitrogen between the high and low surface tension components of the toner. The broad range of toner surface tension could be one of the causes of the non-uniform fixing states.
Paper properties, roughness and spreading also played key roles in toner fixing. The better fuse quality with the smoother paper surface was explained by a proposed model developed from paper surface roughness analysis data obtained by a traversing stylus and the knowledge of toner particle size by SEM. Differences in spreading ability of paper were responsible for observed differences in the fuse quality of paper samples at the same paper roughness. Greater spreading led to better fuse quality by obtaining more intimate contact of toner melt and paper.
ESCA analyses of paper and toner surfaces suggest that spreading followed by adhesion is due to the interaction between paper and toner polar groups.M.S.
4
Zulkifli, Putri Afzan Maria Binti. "Applying pause analysis to explore cognitive processes in the copying of sentences by second language users." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45933/.
Full textAbstract:
Pause analysis is a method that investigates processes of writing by measuring the amount of time between pen strokes. It provides the field of second language studies with a means to explore the cognitive processes underpinning the nature of writing. This study examined the potential of using free handwritten copying of sentences as a means of investigating components of the cognitive processes of adults who have English as their Second Language (ESL). A series of one pilot and three experiments investigated possible measures of language skill and the factors that influence the quality of the measures. The pilot study, with five participants of varying English competence, identified copying without pre-reading to be an effective task and ‘median' at the beginning of words to be an effective measure. Experiment 1 (n=20 Malaysian speakers) found jumbled sentences at the letter and word levels to effectively differentiate test-taker competence in relation to grammatical knowledge. Experiment 2 (n=20 Spanish speakers) investigated the jumbling effects further, but found that participants varied their strategy depending on the order of the sentence types. As a result, Experiment 3 (n= 24 Malaysian speakers) used specific task instructions to control participant strategy use, so that they either attended to the meaning of the sentences, or merely copied as quickly as possible. Overall, these experiments show that it is feasible to apply pause analysis to cognitively investigate both grammar and vocabulary components of language processing. Further, a theoretical information processing model of copying (MoC) was developed. The model assists in the analysis and description of (1) the flow of copying processes; (2) the factors that might affect longer or shorter pauses amongst participants of varying competence level; and (3) sentence stimuli design.
5
Pérez, Manuel. "L'apprentissage de l'orthographe lors de la dictée et la copie de mots manuscrits : effets des tâches processus sous-jacents." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979303.
Full textAbstract:
L'étude de l'apprentissage de l'orthographe vise à analyser les mécanismes cognitifs et les structures le rendant possible. Cette acquisition s'effectue au travers de tâches comme la dictée et la copie, utilisées en recherche et à l'école. Si des modèles propres aux tâches rendent compte des processus de la production verbale écrite, ils n'intègrent pas de dimension comparative. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'examiner comment la dictée et la copie participent à cet apprentissage. Le modèle que nous proposons intègre les deux tâches et les instances mémorielles sous-jacentes. Les performances en dictée d'élèves de C.P. et de C.E.1 ont été analysées selon 4 conditions d'entraînement : aucune préparation, lecture à haute voix, lecture à haute voix et copie, copie seule. Les items utilisés sont soit des mots sélectionnés en fonction de leur complexité orthographique et de leur familiarité ou leur fréquence, soit des pseudomots de complexité variable. Globalement les expériences 1, 2, 3 font état d'effets du niveau scolaire et de l'entraînement. Toutefois, dans l'expérience 4, la supériorité de la copie sur la lecture disparaît : la copie ne serait efficace que si elle est combinée à une lecture à haute voix. Si la copie associée au déchiffrage semble l'entraînement le plus efficace en termes d'apprentissages orthographiques, la présence en mémoire à long terme d'une représentation graphomotrice connectée à la représentation lexicale est envisageable. Ceci expliquerait pourquoi, face à un mot que nous lisons mais dont nous doutons de l'orthographe, nous éprouvons le besoin de l'écrire manuellement afin d'en récupérer la forme orthographique normée.
6
ting, Chen sue, and 陳姝婷. "A Study Of High Risk Family: The Family Experiences And Copying Processes of Adolescents." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03567412760176526352.
Full text
7
Chetty, Ezekiel. "A study of the factors affecting the size distribution of micro-capsules for carbonless copy paper." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4700.
Full textAbstract:
The process of micro-encapsulation by emulsifying a solution in a stirred tank has been accepted as
the most suitable method for the production of microcapsules for carbonless copy paper and is
currently used by Mondi Paper in Merebank. The focus of this project was to obtain a more
uniform size distribution of the microcapsules so that oversize capsules would not smudge when
they are coated on paper. There was also concern that the formation of very small ink/oil droplets
was consuming wall material unnecessarily and was not contributing to the formation of an image
on paper. The reduction of these tiny droplets would result in a saving of the cost of the wall
material.
Mondi currently produces microcapsules with an average diameter between 4 and 5 microns. The
amount of capsules produced above 10 microns, the oversize, is less than 1 per cent (v/v) and the
amount of capsules produced below 2 microns, the undersize, is between 25 and 30 per cent. Mondi
wishes to reduce the amount of undersize capsules, thereby producing a narrower size distribution.
This could result in large savings, as discussed above. It could also lead to the production of a six-sheet
set of carbonless papers instead of the four-sheet set, which is currently produced. The
production of microcapsules by emulsification was investigated in a 2.5-1iter laboratory tank, using
an impeller measuring 45 mm in diameter.
A range of agitation speeds was investigated and it was seen that at the lowest speed that formed
emulsions, 6600 rpm, 15.03 per cent of undersize capsules was produced and an average capsule
diameter of 7.57 microns, after 40 minutes of agitation. At the highest impeller speed, 8000 rpm,
the average capsule diameter was reduced to 1.93 microns and 67.02 per cent of undersize capsules
were classified as "undersize". No oversize capsules were observed. These capsule specifications
were not favourable. Further experimentation showed that at 7500 rpm, an average capsule
diameter of 5.12 microns and an undersize of 24.20 per cent were observed. The proportion of
oversize capsules was 1.63 per cent. Since these results were similar to the results obtained from
the plant, 7500 rpm was used accepted as the "standard" speed for the experiments. A reduction in
the impeIler speed from 7500 rpm to 7200 rpm after the first 20 minutes of emulsification was one·
way on reducing the proportion of undersize particles further. The proportion of undersize particles was reduced from 20.20 per cent to 19.71 per cent at standard conditions. The average capsule
diameter and the oversize were not affected significantly.
The effect of the emulsification temperature on the particle size distribution was investigated with
temperatures ranging from 22 to 40°C, in increments of 2 QC. A temperature of 30 °c was used as a
standard temperature as this temperature was being used at the plant. A decrease in the proportion
of undersize capsules to 17.12 per cent was seen at temperatures below 30°C and an average of
23.87 per cent was noticed above 30 QC. Although the proportion of undersize capsules decreased,
the average capsule diameter increased beyond the specified range to an average of 7.77 microns at
temperatures below 30°C. At temperatures above 30 °c the average size was reduced to 5.59
microns. Hence the selection 000 °c as the optimum temperature was confirmed.
Experimentation with the emulsification time showed that there were times when a unimodal size
distribution was produced. However, these were at times just after the polymerisation had begun,
and the reaction was not complete at this stage. A bimodal distribution was always noticed after 40
minutes of emulsification, i.e. after the completion of the reaction.
The effects of the baffle widths on the microcapsules were also investigated. Baffle sizes of 5, 10
and 15 mm were used. It was shown that with an increase in baffle width, there was a decrease in
the amount of undersize capsules produced. However, the average capsule diameter became too
large. A baffle width of 5 mm was shown to produce desirable capsule sizes, although the
undersize did not improve, or worsen. Too much of air was trapped in the emulsion when no
baffles were used in the tank.
Alternatives to the current surfactant, called "Lupasol" were tested so that Mondi could produce the
capsules independently instead of relying on the original raw material supplier. This investigation
was done based on limited informa.tion on Lupasol. Results from these experiments were
inconclusive since more data on Lupasol was required.
Samples of the microcapsule emulsion were sent to different companies, in South Africa and
abroad, to determine whether the particle size analyser used at Mondi was giving correct results.
The results obtained from the companies in South Africa differed by a small amount from that
measured at Mondi. However, results obtained from companies abroad varied considerably and it is
recommended that Mondi change their particle analyser settings. The power absorbed by the emulsion, in the laboratory-scale equipment was also found. This was
determined by monitoring torque. The power was found to be 141.97 Wand the power number was
calculated as 0.357. It was noted that the power per unit volume in the laboratory equipment was
significantly higher than the plant data (47 kW/m3 vs. 12 kW/m3).
The design of the impeller was not changed but the effect of baffle spacing was investigated.Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.
Books on the topic "Copying processes"
1
Kongress, Europäischer Reprografie-Betriebe mit Fachausstellung (1991 Friedrichshafen Germany). Reprografie 91: [Ausstellungskatalog]. Frankfurt/M: Fachverband Reprografie, 1991.
Find full text
2
Fontaine, P. L. Developing a reprography collective in Canada: Final report. [Toronto, Ont.?]: Stevenson Kellogg Ernst & Whinney, 1986.
Find full text
3
Zeitlyn, Jonathan. Print: How you can do ityourself. 4th ed. London: InterChange, 1986.
Find full text
4
W, Streeter William, ed. Before photocopying: The art & history of mechanical copying, 1780-1938 : a book in two parts. New Castle, Del: Oak Knoll Press, 1999.
Find full text
5
Kerner, Hans K. Lexikon der Reprotechnik. 2nd ed. Mannheim: Reinhard Welz Vermittler Verlag, 2007.
Find full text
6
Hewson, John E. Process instrumentation manifolds: Their selection and use : a handbook. Research Triangle Park, N.C: Instrument Society of America, 1985.
Find full text
7
Boards, Jackie T. Pay less for printing: Over 100 money-saving secrets and tips for printing and copying. Atlanta: Boards Enterprises, 2001.
Find full text
8
F, Sergazin Zh. Sostoi͡a︡nie i perspektivy razvitii͡a︡ organizat͡s︡ionnoĭ tekhniki za rubezhom. Moskva: "Radio i svi͡a︡zʹ", 1985.
Find full text
9
Administration, United States National Aeronautics and Space. NASA printing, duplicating, and copying management handbook. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.
Find full text
10
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA printing, duplicating, and copying management handbook. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Copying processes"
1
Yang, Weimin, and Ranran Jian. "Polymer 3D Printing and 3D Copying Processes." In Polymer 3D Printing and 3D Copying Technology, 17–82. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0101-2_2.
Full text
2
Righetti, Jacopo. "I codici della Vita sancti Iohannis Gualberti di Atto (BHL 4398): indagine sulla tradizione manoscritta." In Atto abate vallombrosano e vescovo di Pistoia, 195–218. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0335-7.09.
Full textAbstract:
The current article examines for the first time the tradition of Atto’s Vita sancti Iohannis Gualberti (BHL 4398). The identified manuscripts are analysed in their historical context: motivations behind the copying processes are particularly considered. The study opens and closes with some reflections on the printed editions of this text and on the reception that Atto’s work has had up to the present days
3
Paro, Renato, Ueli Grossniklaus, Raffaella Santoro, and Anton Wutz. "Chromatin Dynamics." In Introduction to Epigenetics, 29–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68670-3_2.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is a very busy place. Not only during replication of the DNA, but at any time in the cell cycle specific enzymes need access to genetic information to process reactions such as transcription and DNA repair. Yet, the nucleosomal structure of chromatin is primarily inhibitory to these processes and needs to be resolved in a highly orchestrated manner to allow developmental, organismal, and cell type-specific nuclear activities. This chapter explains how nucleosomes organize and structure the genome by interacting with specific DNA sequences. Variants of canonical histones can change the stability of the nucleosomal structure and also provide additional epigenetic layers of information. Chromatin remodeling complexes work locally to alter the regular beads-on-a-string organization and provide access to transcription and other DNA processing factors. Conversely, factors like histone chaperones and highly precise templating and copying mechanisms are required for the reassembly of nucleosomes and reestablishment of the epigenetic landscape after passage of activities processing DNA sequence information. A very intricate molecular machinery ensures a highly dynamic yet heritable chromatin template.
4
Oudesluijs, Tino. "“No criticism or remarks & pray burn it as fast as you read it”." In Unlocking the History of English, 180–97. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.364.08oud.
Full textAbstract:
Building on what has been written about copy letters and copying practices in Late Modern English correspondence, this paper explores the copying behaviour of a highly cultured and well-connected woman in eighteenth-century British polite society, Mary Hamilton (1756–1816), by closely scrutinising a selection of her writings containing material copied from various other letters. Close attention is paid to what linguistic features were changed in the copying process, which is contextualised and subsequently discussed in the appropriate socio-historical context. The case studies reveal that various linguistic elements were changed in the copying process, part of which can be attributed to changes in addressee, Hamilton’s expectations of who else might read her writings, and how her letters would have been delivered.
5
Bananuka, Twine H., Tiina Kontinen, and Katariina Holma. "Climbing the Ladder? Community Perspectives on Learning to Be a Good Citizen in Uganda." In Learning, Philosophy, and African Citizenship, 197–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94882-5_11.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter examines the ways in which members of a rural community in Western Uganda perceive and conceptualize diverse ways of learning to be a good citizen. It analyzes data generated by means of a tool called the ‘ladder of citizenship’, which facilitated explication of local ideas concerning good citizenship, and reflections on how one can ‘climb the ladder’, thus learning to be a better citizen. The chapter draws on, first, the concept of cultural citizenship, which understands citizenship as a continuous learning process that takes place through interaction in informal settings, and second, the notion of folk pedagogies that refers to people’s own conceptualizations of learning. The chapter establishes how the idea of good citizenship revolves mainly around one’s role in the local community. It further identifies five categories of participants’ ideas of learning citizenship, including heredity (obuzalirwaana), religion (ediini), copying and observation (kukopa), challenges (ebizibu) and education and training (kusomesebwa).
6
"„Copying processes“Genetische und philologische Perspektiven." In Beihefte zu editio, edited by Martin Schubert. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110231311.275.
Full text
7
"Introduction." In Regulating Style, edited by Kedron Thomas. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520290969.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter introduces readers to the knock-off fashion trade in Tecpán, Guatemala, where hundreds of indigenous Maya men own small-scale workshops where they make clothing that features unauthorized reproductions of popular fashion brands. Drawing on the anthropology of fashion, cultural studies, archaeology, and material culture studies, the Introduction also develops a theory of style that emphasizes the importance of copying and imitation to processes of cultural production. The chapter situates fashion branding within a broader context of “highland style,” defined by an effusive aesthetics and complicated relationships among race, ethnicity, gender, and dress in a place perhaps best known for the traditional, woven blouses and skirts (traje) worn by many Maya women. Appreciating the importance of copying and imitation to the unfolding of style in highland Guatemala and across the global fashion industry opens up questions about the privileging of a particular model of creativity, originality, and modernity in international intellectual property law.
8
BLACKMORE, SUSAN. "Memes, Minds, and Imagination." In Imaginative Minds. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264195.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter determines the existence of human imagination and creativity through the concept of human culture and meme. It aims to rebut the two assumptions governing creative imagination in humans. The first assumption suggests that imagination evolved because humans are biologically adaptive. The second assumption claims that the existence of consciousness is the driving force behind creativity and imagination. In this chapter, it is argued that human creativity is the result of evolutionary processes based on memes rather than genes. This concept suggests that if hominid ancestors of humans are capable of imitation, a new set of replicators are set loose driving human minds to become better at copying, storing, and recombining memes. This coevolution of memes and their copying machinery led to the modern imaginative minds which evolved not because they are biologically adaptive but because they are advantageous for the memes. Hence the driving force behind human imagination is therefore not consciousness but aevolutionary algorithm which function is not biological but memetic.
9
Bromham, Lindell. "Replication." In An Introduction to Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198736363.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines DNA replication. The evolution of life depends on hereditary information being copied from one generation to the next. Thus, a basic grasp of DNA replication is essential for anyone wishing to understand evolution. Moreover, familiarity with the processes of DNA replication is the key to understanding many molecular techniques. DNA amplification (making millions of copies of a DNA sequence in the laboratory) relies upon the domestication of the DNA copying processes that occur in living cells. Understanding DNA replication is also central to appreciating the nature of biological information stored in DNA. DNA replication creates a nested hierarchy of differences between genomes that reveals the relationships between organisms and the processes of evolution.
10
Graumann, Thomas. "‘Transferring’ Shorthand Notes to Longhand Transcript." In The Acts of the Early Church Councils, 167–76. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868170.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter discusses the scant evidence for the effects of the process of transcribing shorthand notes taken down during council sessions into a longhand record. It identifies a unique case where the original notes may still be reconstructed and can demonstrate their transcription as an act of interpretative ‘translation’ into the final wording. Analogous practices and their effects may be expected on other occasions. Additionally, paratextual notes surviving in some manuscripts of the Chalcedonian acts are decoded and discussed as potentially pertaining to the processes of transcription, control, and copying, and in this way opening a window into the usually hidden practical execution of these steps.
Conference papers on the topic "Copying processes"
1
Owens, James C. "Compact Visible Lasers in Reprographics." In Compact Blue-Green Lasers. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cbgl.1992.tha3.
Full textAbstract:
Reprography, which originally referred only to printing and duplicating processes for the reproduction of flat originals, today includes a wide variety of technologies for the production of two-dimensional images in applications as diverse as photography, office copying, desktop publishing, graphic arts, medical imaging, and microelectronic fabrication. Although analog processes are still in wide use, the principal area of recent technical development and new application has been in digital electronic imaging systems, and especially in optical methods for non-impact hard copy printing.
2
Mohr, J. W., J. Seyed-Yagoobi, J. W. Wirtz, and D. C. Price. "Thermal Contact Conductance of a Paper/Elastomer Interface." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0046.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A better understanding of the parameters associated with the heating of paper during copying and printing processes would permit more accurate design and control of the process. One parameter affecting the heat transfer from an elastomer covered roller to the paper sheet is the thermal contact conductance at the interface between the paper sheet and the roller. The main objective of this work was to measure the thermal contact conductance of an elastomer/paper sheet interface. Two types of elastomers (A and B) were considered. The thermal contact conductance values for elastomer A varied from 217 W/m2K to 258 W/m2K within the applied pressure range of 34.5 kPa to 344.7 kPa. This pressure range is representative of the pressures encountered in typical printing and copying processes. The corresponding thermal contact conductance values for elastomer B were 803 W/m2K and 2,072 W/m2K. The thermal contact conductance values for elastomer B were significantly higher than those for elastomer B due to a combined effect of the higher thermal conductivity and more uniform surface flatness characteristics of elastomer B compared to elastomer A.
3
Hosking, Antony L. "Portable, mostly-concurrent, mostly-copying garbage collection for multi-processors." In the 2006 international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1133956.1133963.
Full text
4
Angulo, Angulo. "Bio-sketches: an iterative process that allows recognizing, extraction, and adaptation of the essential characteristics of biological models." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.76.
Full textAbstract:
One of the biggest challenges that first-year design studio students experience in a traditional ideation process is when they have to face the blank page to begin drawing ideas after reading the brief instructions. It was in 2020, that as a teacher I looked for pedagogical alternatives that will generate a lower sense of frustration in students, that's why I started experimenting with an induction approach based on the essential features of biological models (Gebehuber and Drack, 2008), an interdisciplinary approach that allows combining design and biology methods with the purpose that students acquire an ability to recognize and understand structures of nature that facilitate the drawing of concepts and forms for their first sketches. All starts from some already existing biological solutions, from which a useful principle is extracted at any of its scales (cell, tissue, organ, system) with which Nature has managed to complete a task (Wiltschnig et al. 2013), and subsequently, a search process for a design problem is carried out to which this principle can be applied with accuracy. This drawing exercise was a valuable option, especially for the moment of virtual education in design that we experienced last year, managing to improve the ideation process that we carried out in class through the screen. I name this exercise bio-sketches, and it has the goal that students can refine structural patterns of nature through a cyclical process of drawing sketches. Later in 2021, already with greater experience and knowledge of the methodology, I wanted to enhance that purpose by developing an incremental iteration model with three stages where different levels of thought are developed, getting students to draw sketches with high levels of innovation. Based on some reference texts (Benyus, 1997; Arciszewski and Cornell, 2006; Nagel et al., 2018), the iterative abstraction process proposal is characterized in the following way: The first loop of iteration of bio-sketches has a low level of abstraction, where the drawings are elementary and are reduced to imitating the shape directly and superficially using reference images. In nature, it is found as an evolutionary strategy known as mimicry, which by copying some characteristics increases the chances of survival. It includes the study of categories from morphology in terms of the shape and geometry of living organisms. The second loop of iteration of bio-sketches has a medium level of abstraction, it studies the processes in context, as a state of changes in the physical environment in which a series of interrelating elements, in nature it is found as the biological principle of adaptation. It includes the study of categories of behavior in terms of response processes to stimuli. The third loop of iteration of bio-sketches has a high level of abstraction that seeks new knowledge from a deep understanding, to imitate the systems, principles, and strategies or patterns, which in nature is found as the biological principle of mutation. It includes the study of categories of physiology in terms of functions of living systems, subsystems, and their parts.
5
Yasugi, Masahiro, and Taiichi Yuasa. "Improving Search Speed on Pointer-Based Large Data Structures Using a Hierarchical Clustering Copying Algorithm." In Innovative Architecture for Future Generation High-Performance Processors and Systems (IWIA 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwia.2007.18.
Full text
6
Zabelina, Ekaterina, and Dastan Abdrakhmanovich Smanov. "Cognitive nature of procrastination." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003291.
Full textAbstract:
One of the typical social problems of the 21st century - procrastination - is defined as irrational postponement of desired goals indefinitely, even when aware of the negative consequences of this delay (Lay, 1997). Although possible causes of procrastination have long been cited, such as irrational beliefs (Ellis, Knaus, 1977), low self-esteem, and fear of failure (Burka, Yuen, 1983), cognitive predictors of procrastination have not been studied holistically as a system. Moreover, it remains unclear which cognitive mechanisms are involved in different types of procrastination. This study seeks to partially fill this gap by finding cognitive features of people prone to procrastination.The results of the study (N = 311) revealed differences in most of the diagnosed cognitive indicators, which suggests an important role of cognitive processes in the shaping of a procrastination tendency. Comparison of cognitive scores in the high and low procrastination groups showed that procrastinators had higher rates of cognitive closure, namely higher scores on the scales of order (p = 0.000), predictability (p = 0.052), decisiveness (p = 0.000), aspiration to cognitive closure (p = 0.000). Cognitive closure means motivation to receive an unambiguous response and cut off unnecessary, contradictory and interfering information. This is consistent with the data on higher stiffness in procrastinators (p = 0.05).Besides, procrastinators have a more pronounced frustational tolerance (p = 0.000), and a sense of self-improvement (p = 0.001). They have less vigilance (p = 0.000), but more overindulgence (p = 0.000), as well as more avoidance in decision-making (p = 0.000). Differences are also found on the temporal focus scale: people prone to procrastination are less focused not only on the future (p = 0, 000), but also on the present (p = 0, 000). Predictably, procrastinators had significantly lower levels of claims (p = 0.004) and self-esteem (p = 0.01). Procrastinators showed lower indicators of self-organization of activities: consistency (p = 0.000), purposefulness (p = 0.000), perseverance (p = 0.024), fixation (p = 0.000), self-organization (p = 0.000), orientation to the present (p = 0.000). At the same time, they have more pronounced cognitive copying strategies: avoiding behavior (p = 0.000), anxiety (p = 0.000), cognitive overestimation (p = 0.000), intolerance to stress situations (p = 0.000).The results of discriminant analysis made it possible to determine the indicators that have the greatest influence on inclusion in the group procrastinators. These are low orientation towards the present, avoidance in decision-making, vigilance, pursuit of cognitive closure, low tolerance of frustration, and low self-organization of activities. The study thus expands the understanding of the cognitive nature of procrastination. The results suggest that cognitive features such as a weak focus on the events of the present, a habit of avoiding decision-making, weakened vigilance, an increased desire for cognitive closure, low tolerance to frustration, and a low level of self-organization of activities are important predictors of procrastination.
7
Sczyrba, M., C. Romeo, F. Schurack, T. Castro, and B. Connolly. "How to match without copying: an approach for APSM mask process matching using aerial imaging." In SPIE Photomask Technology, edited by M. Warren Montgomery and Wilhelm Maurer. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.865236.
Full text
8
Jenkins, B. K., and Alexander A. Sawchuk. "Optical cellular logic processors." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.tuy2.
Full textAbstract:
A cellular logic processor (CLP) has one processing element or cell for each pixel of an image. It can implement many image processing and computer vision operations with a very high degree of parallelism. In electronics, the connections between cells are usually on a nearest-neighbor (4-neighbors or 8-neighbors) basis only. In optics, the increased interconnection flexibility may permit the construction of other topologies, such as cellular hypercubes and pyramids. These topologies can substantially reduce computation time for global tasks, e.g., summing and regional property computation, histogramming, and transforms. Incorporating some of these into the CLP architecture so that they can be implemented at the hardware level can yield the greatest speed advantage. This may result in cells that are not all identical, or in additional PEs which do not correspond to image pixels. The resulting architectures and their possible implementation with optical hardware will be discussed. This optical hardware can include volume holographic elements to maximize the number of interconnections and to take advantage of regularity in the interconnection. Volume holograms may also incorporate focal power, thereby reducing or eliminating the number of lenses needed. The holograms may be recorded optically by using an automated system under computer control, or by optically copying a computer-generated hologram, or by a combination of both methods. Resulting characteristics of the optical system are discussed.
9
"Analysis on the Importance of Carrying out Copying Course in the Process of Oil Painting Teaching." In 2018 International Conference on Education, Psychology, and Management Science. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icepms.2018.050.
Full text
10
Chalfant, Julie. "Advancing Automation in Early-Stage Navy Ship System Design." In SNAME 14th International Marine Design Conference. SNAME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/imdc-2022-235.
Full textAbstract:
Ship systems, such as the electrical distribution and thermal management systems, are larger, more complex, and more integrated than ever before due to the radical increase in electrical power used by new sensor and weapons systems, the resulting large thermal load placed on cooling systems, and the advances in integration of ship, mission and machinery control systems. Thus, there is a significant need for greater detail in ship system design to be provided earlier in the ship design process. Advances in computing capability over recent years allow an increase in detail of early-stage ship designs along with a simultaneous increase in the number of ship designs explored, facilitating design processes such as set-based design. This paper describes a body of work that provides a methodology for semi-automated design of ship systems, allowing the programmatic creation and analysis of ship systems under the guidance of the user, assembled from pre-designed templates and tailored to the ship design. We refer to this overall methodology as Templating. The ultimate goal is a software tool which takes as input a set of pre-designed system segments, termed templates, and integrates them into a fully functioning system model in a ship design, with all components appropriately sized and located. The resultant system model provides metrics such as size, weight and complexity. Further, the model is available for system simulation under various operational conditions to provide metrics such as efficiency and survivability while also allowing exploration of reconfigurability, reliability, maintainability, and a host of other “ilities.” The Templating process and software is fully integrated into the U.S. Navy’s early-stage design tool suite. The process for creating a fully functional ship system from templates requires several steps: Assembly of the templates into a logically connected system by copying relevant templates into the ship design and connecting them appropriately to one another. This yields a logically appropriate one-line diagram with components placed in an approximate geographic position within the ship. Determination of the capacity of each component. Since the templating capability facilitates the creation of ship systems from an assembly of parts or system sub-sections, it is not possible to determine the required capacity of each element of a system until the system is fully assembled with all loads and sources connected and placed in three-dimensional space. An algorithm has been developed to determine the maximum amount of energy handled by each component given any possible alignment of the system. Dimensioning of each component based on the capacity required. Physics-based sizing algorithms for a variety of component types are under exploration. Final placement of the components in three-dimensional space. A methodology for automatically arranging components in a ship design in a manner that eliminates overlaps, provides spacing between components, and minimizes connection length has been developed. This paper provides an overview of the templating process and the algorithms underlying each step, provides examples to elucidate the methodologies, and demonstrates that the functionality brought about by Templating advances automated system design in the early-stage ship design process.
Reports on the topic "Copying processes"
1
Maydykovskiy, Igor, and Petras Užpelkis. The Physical Essence of Time. Intellectual Archive, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2450.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the model of the space-frequency-time continuum, according to which the physical essence of Time is manifested as a fraction of electromagnetic energy spent on updating a material object in a cyclic process of copying-incarnation. For all structural levels of physical reality, the value of this fraction is a fundamental constant, which can be represented as the tangent of the loss angle, or expressed in radians, as the angle of inclination of the evolutionary spiral, which characterizes the rate of change of states or the duration of events and processes. The value of this constant can be calculated, and its value turns out to be identically equals to the square of the fine structure Constant (α2). The description of the method for identifying a new constant allows us to present the formula of Scientific Discovery as the Physical Essence of Time.
2
Adas, Camilo Abduch. Decarbonization Routes for Global Road Mobility and Regional Challenges. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023025.
Full textAbstract:
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The importance of decarbonizing mobility to slow climate change is already a common goal worldwide. However, there is a lack of alignment on which technological routes to take. While the electrification of mobility assumes dominance in some markets, it is essential to consider specificities of each region so that different applications of transport modes can be concretely evaluated.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Decarbonization Routes for Global Road Mobility and Regional Challenges</b> discusses regional approaches, such as those from Brazil and India, that can offer more representative participation in global decarbonization processes. These routes leverage these countries’ domestic talent and regional potential instead of simply copying the solutions coming from developed countries. Biofuels, biomass, and green hydrogen can be very effective ways of reducing global warming for these countries and others with similar economic characteristics, bringing more opportunities for market development and competitive advantages for various economic sectors.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
3
Maydykovskiy, Igor. Consciousness as a new form of the matter’s state. Intellectual Archive, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2555.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the physical model of the implicative form of Consciousness in the form of a holographic wave matrix, for which the material basis is directly the phase environment that fills the entire Space. It is shown that a similar form of Consciousness that exists outside the human brain can be represented as a kind of software shell that controls all forms of matter by implementing a fractal cyclic iterative algorithm. The condition for the completion of each iterative cycle at each scale level is the observance of the laws of symmetry that ensure the survival of the object in the process of copying-incarnation.