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Journal articles on the topic 'Coprophilous Funga'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Watling, R., and M. J. Richardson. "COPROPHILOUS FUNGI OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 67, no. 3 (October 12, 2010): 399–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428610000156.

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Ninety-seven taxa of coprophilous fungi are recorded from the Southern Atlantic archipelago of the Falkland Islands. Several other fungi are discussed in the light of the distribution of these coprophils. Fungi are recorded for the first time from some of the smaller islands adjacent to East and West Falkland. Two new combinations, Coprinopsis cordispora (T.Gibbs) Watling & M.J.Richardson and Coprinopsis ephemeroides (DC.) Watling & M.J.Richardson, are made.

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2

Amanda, Safira, Aris Mumpuni, and Nuraeni Ekowati. "Detection of Psychotropic Compound in Coprophilous Fungi in District of Baturraden Banyumas Regency." BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed 3, no. 3 (May 10, 2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2020.2.3.4245.

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Coprophilous fungi or dung loving fungi are a group of fungi adapted to life on dung and fecal pellets of herbivorous animals. Coprophilous fungi contain psychotropic compounds. Psychotropics compounds are substances or drugs, both natural and synthetic, not narcotics, which have psychoactive properties through a selective influence on the central nervous system which causes distinctive changes in mental activity and behavior. Chemical Spot Test still remain an important tool for the preliminary identification of illicit drugs and other psychotropic compound in spite of developments in instrumental technology and the increased portability of this technology which enables its use in the field. Banyumas Regency is a very potential area as a habitat for coprophilous fungi, specifically in Baturraden District because there are many cattle farms where the dung is where the fungi grow, also the climate is suitable for fungal growth. make an inventory and identify the coprophilous fungi found in District of Baturraden Banyumas Regency and to detect the presence of psychotropic compound in the fungi. The research will be conducted using purposive random sampling and Color Test or Chemical Spot Test analysis. The obtained data is analyzed descriptively by comparing with Atlas of The Munsell Color System. This research obtained seven genera of coprophilous fungi i.e: Coprinellus sp., Coprinopsis sp., Entoloma sp., Gymnopus sp., Lepiota sp., Parasola sp. and Stropharia sp. that discovered in two cattle farms in Baturraden District.

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3

Richardson, Mike. "Coprophilous fungi." Field Mycology 4, no. 2 (April 2003): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1468-1641(10)60185-5.

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4

Rudaya, N. A., and V. I. Soenov. "Coprophilous Fungi as an Indicator of Grazing Pressure and Population Density in the Uvs Nuur Basin (Mongolia) over the Past Three Millennia." Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 27 (2021): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0615-0623.

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Spores of coprophilous fungi are well preserved in various paleoarchives, including bottom sediments in lakes. The coprophilous fungi spend part of their life cycle on the dung of herbivorous animals, where they produce spores. Due to this feature, the coprophilous fungi are used as a qualitative indicator of the presence and density of the population using domestic livestock. This paper is aimed at testing the hypothesis that fluctuations in the spore contents of coprophilous fungi are independent from climate, i.e., the possibility of using this indicator as an independent one for the qualitative reconstruction of population density in the eastern part of the Uvs Nuur basin. To do this, we have attempted to link global historical processes in Central Asia over the past three millennia with fluctuations in the contents of the coprophilous fungi spores in the bottom sediments in Lake Bayan Nuur located in the Uvs Nuur basin. Spores of the coprophilous fungi were counted on palynological slides along with other palynomorphs. Concentrations and accumulation rates (number of spores per 1 gram per year) were calculated for the coprophilous fungi. Only two genera of coprophilous fungi, Sporormilella and Sordaria, were abundantly found in the paleorecord of the lake. Comparison of historical evidence of the population of North-Western Mongolia during the last three millennia andfluctuations in the contents of the coprophilous fungi spores in the bottom sediments of the lake revealed remarkable coincidence, which allows using coprophilous fungi as a qualitative indicator of the density of the population engaged in cattle breeding. However, no relationships between the coprophilous fungi spore contents and the climate change were revealed, which characterizes this indicator as being independent of the climate change.

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5

Lee, Claire M., Bas van van Geel, and William D. Gosling. "On the Use of Spores of Coprophilous Fungi Preserved in Sediments to Indicate Past Herbivore Presence." Quaternary 5, no. 3 (June 29, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat5030030.

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Fungal spores that grew on the faeces of herbivores in the past can be extracted from sediments and used to identify the presence of herbivores in former ecosystems. This review: (i) examines the factors that should be considered when interpreting these fungal spores, (ii) assesses the degree to which they can be used to estimate past herbivore populations and biomass density change, and (iii) identifies gaps in our current understanding that limit, or confound, the information that can be extracted from the fungal spore record. We focus on the life cycles of coprophilous fungi and highlight the importance of understanding spore dispersal mechanisms to ensure robust palaeoecological interpretation. We then discuss how variation in methodological approaches across studies and modifications can influence comparability between studies. The key recommendations that emerge relate to: (i) improving our understanding of the relationship between spores of coprophilous fungi (SCF) and herbivores through the study of the coprophilous fungi succession; (ii) refining our understanding of how climate and environment parameters effect fungal spore abundance, with particular reference to estimating past herbivore biomass density; and (iii) enhancing sedimentary DNA (SedaDNA) analysis to identify SCF that do not allow preservation in a way that allows visual identification. To further this field of study and provide more robust insights into herbivores in the past, we suggest that additional research is required to help to reduce bias during the preparation process, that concertation metrics are used for the quantification of SCF, and that multiple cores should be taken in each site and multiproxy analysis should be utilised.

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6

Calaça, Francisco J. Simões, Jéssica Conceição Araújo, and Solange Xavier Santos. "O status ecológico das comunidades de fungos coprófilos." Pesquisa e Ensino em Ciências Exatas e da Natureza 1, no. 2 (December 11, 2017): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.29215/pecen.v1i2.452.

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<p>Buscamos discutir o status ecológico das comunidades de fungos coprófilos lato sensu, apresentando pontos chave para a formulação de hipóteses e futuros estudos que visem entender os fatores ecológicos que modulam a escolha da vida coprófila por estes fungos. Apresentamos um novo termo (copromicodiversidade), que melhor designa a amplitude do grupo, considerando a total abrangência do mesmo, incluindo a diversidade morfológica, funcional e ecológica de uma dada população de fungos coprófilos registrados em uma região geográfica específica. Além disso, levantamos questões relacionadas ao ciclo de vida destes organismos, considerando recentes estudos bem como a premissa tradicionalmente aceita que defende a necessidade dos esporos de fungos coprófilos passarem pelo trato digestivo dos animais, para sua posterior emergência nas fezes. Esperamos que futuras pesquisas possam melhor definir estas comunidades, evitando incertezas sobre a definição do estilo de vida coprófilo, mesmo que algumas espécies possam crescer em outros substratos (fimícolas), mas ainda apresentando relações com hospedeiros animais (coprofilia). Enquanto esperamos por direções futuras, novas hipóteses devem ser planejadas e testadas visando os aspectos que verdadeiramente modulam a ocorrência de fungos coprófilos em diferentes ambientes.</p><p><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Copromicodiversidade, ecologia fúngica, escolha de substratos, fungos de esterco.</p><p><strong>The ecological status of coprophilous fungi communities</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>: We discuss the ecological status of coprophilous fungi communities lato sensu, presenting key points to the definition of scientific hypothesis and future studies aiming to understand the ecological factors that modulate the coprophilous lifestyle’s choice by these fungi. We present a new scientific term (copromycodiversity) that better describes the magnitude of this group, considering the comprehensiveness of this fungal group, including the morphological, physiological and ecological diversities to a coprophilous fungi population recorded to a specific geographical region. Furthermore, we raised some questions related to the life cycle of these fungi, taking into account recent studies as well as the traditionally accepted assumption that supports the spore passage through animals’s gut to its growth and development on dung. We expect that future research would best define these communities, avoiding uncertainties about the definition of the coprophilous lifestyle, even that some species would growth on others substrates (fimicolous fungi), but still displaying some connection with its animal host (coprophilia). While we are waiting for future directions, new hypothesis must be planned and tested aiming the predictors that truly modulates the occurrence of coprophilous fungi in different environments.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: Copromycodiversity, dung fungi, fungal ecology, substrate choice.</p>

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7

Calaça, Francisco J. Simões, Vanessa Basilio Tereza, and Solange Xavier-Santos. "Additions to a checklist of coprophilous fungi and other fungi recorded on dung from Brazil: an overview of a century of research (Summary)." Mycotaxon 135, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/135.901.

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Mycotaxon is pleased to add a new annotated species distribution list to our 142 previously posted free access fungae. The 22-page "Additions to a checklist of coprophilous fungi and other fungi recorded on dung from Brazil: an overview of a century of research" by Francisco J. Simões Calaça, Vanessa Basilio Tereza, and Solange Xavier-Santos may be downloaded from our website via http://www. mycotaxon. com/mycobiota/index. html

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8

Basumatary, Sadhan K., and H. Gregory McDonald. "Coprophilous fungi from dung of the Greater One-Horned Rhino in Kaziranga National Park, India and its implication to paleoherbivory and paleoecology." Quaternary Research 88, no. 1 (July 2017): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.34.

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AbstractFungal spores, especially those of coprophilous fungi, are present in dung middens ofRhinoceros unicornis(greater one-horned rhinoceros) in both forest and grassland areas of the Kaziranga National Park, India. The presence of coprophilous fungi on rhino dung, chieflySporormiella,Saccobolus,Ascodesmis,Cercophora, andSordaria, is documented for the first time. TheSporormiella–Ascodesmis–Saccobolusassemblage is abundant and characterizes the rhino dung in forest and grassland areas. The presence of coprophilous fungi spores allows for an examination of the relationship between rhinoceros ecology and the flora and other fauna in the region. The overall dataset is useful in interpreting the present and past distribution of rhino and other associated animals based on the relative abundance of different types of coprophilous fungi spores and their relationship to paleoherbivory and paleoecology in India and adjoining areas.

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9

N'Douba Amako Pauline, Kouassi Kouadio Claude, Koffi N’Dodo Boni Clovis, Douira Allal, and Ayolié Koutoua. "Coprophilous fungi of Daloa city: New species for the fungal flora of Côte d'Ivoire." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.20.3.0362.

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Objective: The objective of this work is to assess the diversity of coprophilous species growing on cow dung in Daloa locality. Methodologies and results: The study was conducted in Daloa city. This locality is located in a forest area, with a tropical climate favorable to the development of fungi. Several dried samples of cow dung were collected during field trips in the city. Coprophilous species growing on cow dung were collected in the field. In the laboratory, the dung samples were moistened and placed in a humid chamber, in the dark and at a temperature of 28ºC. Microscopic and macroscopic observations were made on the fruiting bodies obtained for species identification. Conclusion and application of results: At the end of this study, six (7) coprophilic fungi were identified. Among these species are three (3) Ascomycetes: Ascobolus immersus, Fimetariella microsperma, Coprotus aurora. Three (3) Basidiomycetes were observed: Coprinopsis nivea, Coprinopsis lagopus, Psilocybe coprophila. One (1) Zygomycetes was reported, it is Pilobolus crystallinus. All these species are new to the fungal flora of Côte d'Ivoire.

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10

Richardson, Michael J. "Coprophilous fungi from Brazil." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 44, no. 3 (September 2001): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132001000300010.

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Thirty-two species of coprophilous fungi were recorded from seven dung samples collected from the state of Matto Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and incubated in moist chambers. Descriptions of some of the more interesting fungi are given, and aspects of their biodiversity and ecology are discussed.

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11

Richardson, M. J. "Coprophilous fungi from Morocco." Botanical Journal of Scotland 56, no. 2 (January 2004): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03746600408685075.

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12

MELO, ROGER FAGNER RIBEIRO, NICOLE HELENA DE BRITO GONDIM, ANDRÉ LUIZ CABRAL MONTEIRO DE AZEVEDO SANTIAGO, LEONOR COSTA MAIA, and ANDREW NICHOLAS MILLER. "Coprophilous fungi from Brazil: updated identification keys to all recorded species." Phytotaxa 436, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.436.2.2.

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Taxonomic records of coprophilous fungi from Brazil are revisited. In total, 271 valid species names, including representatives of Ascomycota (187), Basidiomycota (32), Kickxellomycota (2), Mucoromycota (45) and Zoopagomycota (5), are reported from herbivore dung. Identification keys for coprophilous fungi from Brazil are provided, including both recent surveys (2011–2019) and historical literature.

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13

Miranda, Victoria, José Martin Scervino, Johana Barros, María Alejandra Rodríguez, and Sebastián Fracchia. "Physiological characterisation of coprophilous fungal isolates that behave as plant root associates." Soil Research 58, no. 8 (2020): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20141.

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Different fungal isolates closely related to Zopfiella erostrata and Cercophora caudata have been found to colonise plant root tissues in an asymptomatic way in the Monte Desert biome of La Rioja Province, Argentina. This interaction has been newly discovered, and the role of these fungi in their desert habitat has never been studied in detail. The objective of this study was to evaluate eight fungal isolates by means of specific physiological traits that could have implications for their interaction with the host plant. The selected isolates, four endophytic and four rhizospheric, were characterised for their ability to produce indole acetic acid, solubilise and mineralise phosphorus (P), and utilise different nitrogen sources. In addition, we evaluated organic acid production and phosphatase activities as mechanisms of P recycling. These analyses revealed that most isolates produced indole acetic acid, and that all isolates could solubilise and mineralise P, although to different degrees. Furthermore, the production of organic acids correlated with P solubilisation levels, which may enhance P availability in soils. Nitrogen utilisation was variable among the isolates, without specific patterns concerning the different sources and fungal isolates tested. Our results demonstrated that the fungal isolates had great variability, probably because they complete their teleomorphic phase in their habitats, generating viable meiotic spores, in addition to the active dispersion of these fungi by the underground rodent Ctenomys aff. knightii from which they were isolated. Although the isolates were variable, the endophytic isolates exhibited improvement in all the P parameters measured. This can be explained by the ability of these isolates to intimately colonise root tissues, while the colonisation by rhizospheric isolates is produced superficially in the rhizoplane. The high occurrence of this interaction, as well as the physiological traits detected, suggest that this kind of fungi could play an important ecological role in the Monte Desert environment, benefiting the establishment and growth of new seedlings in areas occupied by the rodents.

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14

Gloer, James B. "The chemistry of fungal antagonism and defense." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 1265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-387.

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Mechanisms of fungal antagonism and defense often include the production of biologically active metabolites by one species that exert effects on potential competitors and (or) predators. Studies carried out in our laboratory and others clearly indicate that such ecological phenomena can serve as valuable leads to the discovery of novel and potentially useful bioactive fungal metabolites. There is evidence that some of these compounds may render advantages to the producing organism, although careful and definitive ecological studies are required to determine this. Nevertheless, the results summarized here demonstrate the broad array of possible benefits that can arise from interdisciplinary studies in this area. This paper focuses primarily on our own investigations of the chemistry involved in fungal antagonism and defense using coprophilous and sclerotial fungi as model systems. These results have potential implications in many areas of study, including fungal ecology, secondary metabolism, chemotaxonomy, organic chemistry, structure determination, antifungal chemotherapy, and insect control. Key words: fungi, antifungal, insecticide, antagonism, chemical defense, secondary metabolites.

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15

Webster, John. "The coprophilous fungus succession: a model system – abstract." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 94 (1988): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000007090.

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Coprophilous fungi form an easily recognised ecological group adapted to severe disturbance. They survive as spores on herbage and are ingested, chewed, subjected to digestion, exposed to competition within the gut, egested and then suffer further competition and environmental variation. Studying the ecology of fungi on rabbit dung has several advantages, both for research and teaching. These include ready availability, ease of replication, simple techniques for varying the environment and levels of competition, and the possibility of adding spores to sterilised food. This is illustrated by studies on three aspects of the ecology of coprophilous fungi.

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16

Peterson, Robyn, Jasmine Grinyer, and Helena Nevalainen. "Secretome of the Coprophilous Fungus Doratomyces stemonitis C8, Isolated from Koala Feces." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 11 (April 15, 2011): 3793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00252-11.

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ABSTRACTCoprophilous fungi inhabit herbivore feces, secreting enzymes to degrade the most recalcitrant parts of plant biomass that have resisted the digestive process. Consequently, the secretomes of coprophilous fungi have high potential to contain novel and efficient plant cell wall degrading enzymes of biotechnological interest. We have used one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS), and quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF LC-MS/MS) to identify proteins from the secretome of the coprophilous fungusDoratomyces stemonitisC8 (EU551185) isolated from koala feces. As the genome ofD. stemonitishas not been sequenced, cross-species identification,de novosequencing, and zymography formed an integral part of the analysis. A broad range of enzymes involved in the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and protein were revealed, dominated by cellobiohydrolase of the glycosyl hydrolase family 7 and endo-1,4-β-xylanase of the glycosyl hydrolase family 10. A high degree of specialization for pectin degradation in theD. stemonitisC8 secretome distinguishes it from the secretomes of some other saprophytic fungi, such as the industrially exploitedT. reesei. In the first proteomic analysis of the secretome of a coprophilous fungus reported to date, the identified enzymes provide valuable insight into how coprophilous fungi subsist on herbivore feces, and these findings hold potential for increasing the efficiency of plant biomass degradation in industrial processes such as biofuel production in the future.

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17

Kohlman-Adamska, Aleksandra. "Some coprophilous fungi from around Warsaw." Acta Mycologica 1, no. 1 (November 21, 2014): 77–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1965.007.

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18

Richardson, Michael J. "Diversity and occurrence of coprophilous fungi." Mycological Research 105, no. 4 (April 2001): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756201003884.

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19

Valldosera, M., J. Guarro, and M. J. Figueras. "Two interesting coprophilous fungi from Spain." Mycological Research 95, no. 2 (February 1991): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)81020-4.

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20

Kutorga, Ernestas, Reda Iršėnaitė, Tatjana Iznova, Jonas Kasparavičius, Svetlana Markovskaja, and Jurga Motiejūnaitė. "Species diversity and composition of fungal communities in a Scots pine forest affected by the great cormorant colony." Acta Mycologica 48, no. 2 (December 23, 2013): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2013.019.

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A Scots pine forest, affected by the great cormorant colony, was studied by plot-based fungal survey method during the years 2010-2012 in Lithuania. Diversity and composition of fungal communities were investigated at five zones that had been influenced by different stages of breeding colony establishment: starting-point and almost abandoned cormorant colony part (zones A and B), active part (zones C and D), and the edge of the colony (zone E). The control zone G in undamaged by cormorants pine stand was assessed too. A total of 257 fungal species of ascomycetes including anamorphic fungi, basidiomycetes and zygomycetes were recorded. Seven species were registered for the first time in Lithuania. Species richness in the examined zones varied, lowest being in zones B (51 species), C (46) and D (73) and almost twice as high in the zones A and E (129 and 120, respectively). The comparison of fungal species compositions of different zones showed that their similarity was rather low (SS: 0.22–0.59). The most obvious changes in the trophic structure of fungal communities in the territory occupied by the bird colony were a strong decrease of mycorrhizal species, the presence of coprophilous fungi on forest litter, and the appearance of host-specialized fungi on alien and non-forest plants that have established in the disturbed forest.

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21

Wei, Hai-cheng, Guang-liang Hou, Qi-shun Fan, David B. Madsen, Zhan-jie Qin, Yong-sheng Du, Yong-juan Sun, Jing-yi Gao, and Fa-shou Shan. "Using coprophilous fungi to reconstruct the history of pastoralism in the Qinghai Lake Basin, Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 44, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 70–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133319869596.

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The history of permanent human settlement in the high-altitude regions (>3000 m above sea level [masl]) of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is important in understanding human adaptation to this cold “Third Pole” region. The Qinghai Lake Basin was an important corridor used by prehistoric humans migrating to the inner QTP. Pastoralism is currently the most important means of sustaining permanent human settlement in the high-altitude regions of the QTP. However, the lack of reliable proxy measures reflecting prehistoric pastoral activities impedes our understanding of how pastoralism developed. The identification of coprophilous fungi in prehistoric cultural deposits may help refine the history of pastoralism. We collected 21 modern domesticated herbivore dung samples and 66 surface soil samples from the Qinghai Lake Basin for fungal spore analyses. We then evaluated how useful such analyses are for identifying grazing activities. Fifty-three samples were also collected from the JXG2 stratigraphic profile (∼10.0–0 ka; 3312 masl) for fungal spore analysis. Results indicate that low and stable values of the total concentration of coprophilous fungi were present from ∼10.0 to ∼5.5 ka. Concentrations gradually increased from ∼5.5 to ∼4.2 ka, significantly increased from ∼4.2 to ∼2.6 ka, and then increased dramatically after ∼2.6 ka. By combining these results with charcoal concentrations (>50 µm), lithic artifacts, bones and potsherds recovered from the JXG2 site, we infer that early pastoralism in Qinghai Lake Basin appeared between ∼6.0 to ∼5.5 ka and gradually intensified throughout the remainder of the Holocene as herding and farming gradually replaced hunting–gathering as the primary subsistence strategies. These results are supported by pollen records, archeological remains and historical records in the northeastern QTP.

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22

Krug, John C. "The genus Fimetariella." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-203.

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The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the fungal genus Fimetariella (Ascomycotina, Lasiosphaeriaceae) are discussed. A revised generic description and key are presented. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for all taxa. Fimetariella dunarum n.comb. and Fimetariella apotoma, Fimetariella brachycaulina, Fimetariella dolichopoda, Fimetariella macromischa, Fimetariella microsperma, and Fimetariella tetraspora n.spp. are proposed. A phialidic anamorph resembling Cladorrhinum is reported for F. microsperma. The ascospores of the type species Fimetariella rabenhorstii are considered to possess two terminal germ pores, one large pore and one very small pore, along with several small, apparently nonfunctional pores. A key to the genera with these minor pores is included. Key words: Fimetariella, Cladorrhinum, coprophilous, fungi, keys, taxonomy.

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23

Cinto, Isabel E., Alexandra M. Gottlieb, Marcela Gally, Maria E. Ranalli, and Araceli M. Ramos. "AFLP characterization in pathogenic and coprophilous fungi." Mycotaxon 110, no. 1 (December 30, 2009): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/110.81.

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24

Richardson, M. J. "New and interesting records of coprophilous fungi." Botanical Journal of Scotland 50, no. 2 (January 1998): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03746609808684913.

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25

Groth, Anika, Carolin Schunke, Eva Reschka, Stefanie Pöggeler, and Daniela Nordzieke. "Tracking Fungal Growth: Establishment of Arp1 as a Marker for Polarity Establishment and Active Hyphal Growth in Filamentous Ascomycetes." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7070580.

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Polar growth is a key characteristic of all filamentous fungi. It allows these eukaryotes to not only effectively explore organic matter but also interact within its own colony, mating partners, and hosts. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the dynamics in polar growth establishment and maintenance is crucial for several fields of fungal research. We developed a new marker protein, the actin-related protein 1 (Arp1) fused to red and green fluorescent proteins, which allows for the tracking of polar axis establishment and active hyphal growth in microscopy approaches. To exclude a probable redundancy with known polarity markers, we compared the localizations of the Spitzenkörper (SPK) and Arp1 using an FM4-64 staining approach. As we show in applications with the coprophilous fungus Sordaria macrospora and the hemibiotrophic plant pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola, the monitoring of Arp1 can be used for detailed studies of hyphal growth dynamics and ascospore germination, the interpretation of chemotropic growth processes, and the tracking of elongating penetration pegs into plant material. Since the Arp1 marker showed the same dynamics in both fungi tested, we believe this marker can be broadly applied in fungal research to study the manifold polar growth processes determining fungal life.

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Porras-Alfaro, Andrea, Jose Herrera, Robert L. Sinsabaugh, Kylea J. Odenbach, Timothy Lowrey, and Donald O. Natvig. "Novel Root Fungal Consortium Associated with a Dominant Desert Grass." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 9 (March 14, 2008): 2805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02769-07.

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ABSTRACT The broad distribution and high colonization rates of plant roots by a variety of endophytic fungi suggest that these symbionts have an important role in the function of ecosystems. Semiarid and arid lands cover more than one-third of the terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. However, a limited number of studies have been conducted to characterize root-associated fungal communities in semiarid grasslands. We conducted a study of the fungal community associated with the roots of a dominant grass, Bouteloua gracilis, at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico. Internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequences from roots collected in May 2005, October 2005, and January 2006 were amplified using fungal-specific primers, and a total of 630 sequences were obtained, 69% of which were novel (less than 97% similarity with respect to sequences in the NCBI database). B. gracilis roots were colonized by at least 10 different orders, including endophytic, coprophilous, mycorrhizal, saprophytic, and plant pathogenic fungi. A total of 51 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found, and diversity estimators did not show saturation. Despite the high diversity found within B. gracilis roots, the root-associated fungal community is dominated by a novel group of dark septate fungi (DSF) within the order Pleosporales. Microscopic analysis confirmed that B. gracilis roots are highly colonized by DSF. Other common orders colonizing the roots included Sordariales, Xylariales, and Agaricales. By contributing to drought tolerance and nutrient acquisition, DSF may be integral to the function of arid ecosystems.

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Usman, Muhammad, Ayesha Noor Awan, Nousheen Yousaf, Ghulam Murtaza, Muhammad Hanif, and Abdul Nasir Khalid. "First records of Bolbitius coprophilus (Agaricales, Bolbitiaceae) from Pakistan." Check List 18, no. 3 (May 25, 2022): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/18.3.525.

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In efforts to record fungal biodiversity of Pakistan, specimens of genus Bolbitius Fr., namely B. coprophilus (Peck) Hongo, collected from two different localities with arid to semi-arid climate of Punjab province, have been described and identified based on morphological and ITS-nrDNA sequence data. The genus is not quite common in Pakistan since only one species of Bolbitius has been reported so far. In current study, B. coprophilus is presented as a new record and second report of the genus from the country after 40 years. Distribution records of B. coprophilus and a morphological comparison with closely related taxa are also provided.

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Nyberg, Åsa, and Inga-Lill Persson. "Habitat differences of coprophilous fungi on moose dung." Mycological Research 106, no. 11 (November 2002): 1360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756202006597.

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Valldosera, M., and J. Guarro. "Coprophilous fungi from Spain: Klasterskya coronata sp. nov." Mycological Research 92, no. 1 (January 1989): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(89)80108-x.

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30

Ogórek, Rafał, Justyna Borzęcka, Katarzyna Kłosińska, Agata Piecuch, Marcin Przymencki, Klaudia Litwiniak, and Jakub Suchodolski. "A Culture-Based Study of Micromycetes Isolated from the Urban Nests of Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) in SW Poland." Animals 12, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12060676.

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There are many positive relationships between micromycetes and birds: They can spread fungal spores, and fungi facilitate cavity woodpecker excavation by preparing and modifying excavation sites. In turn, bird nests are mainly a source of potentially zoopathogenic fungi. The Wrocław city centre hosts the biggest grey heron breeding colony in Poland with at least 240 breeding birds pairs. To assess the possible public health risks associated with bird nests, the goal of the present study was to identify cultivable fungi present in the nests of grey herons (Ardea cinerea) in Wrocław. Additionally, attempts were made to determine whether the obtained species of fungi may pose a potential threat to animal health. Fungi were cultured at 23 and 37 ± 0.5 °C, and identified based on phenotypic and genotypic traits. Moreover, during routine inspection, visible fungal growth in some of the nests was found. Overall, 10 different fungal species were obtained in the study (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Botryotrichum piluliferum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum layuense, Mucor circinelloides, M.hiemalis, Penicillium atramentosum, P.coprophilum, and P.griseofulvum). They are both cosmopolitan species and a source of potential threat to humans, homoiothermous animals and plants. The greatest number of fungal species was obtained from the nest fragments with visible fungal growth incubated at 23 °C, and the least from western conifer seed bugs (Leptoglossus occidentalis) inhabiting the nests. The species such as A. fumigatus, P. coprophilum, and P.griseofulvum can be directly related to the occurrence of visible fungal growth on plant fragments of grey heron’s nests.

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MELO, ROGER FAGNER RIBEIRO, RENATA DOS SANTOS CHIKOWSKI, ANDREW NICHOLAS MILLER, and LEONOR COSTA MAIA. "Coprophilous Agaricales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from Brazil." Phytotaxa 266, no. 1 (June 17, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.266.1.1.

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During a survey of coprophilous fungi along a gradient through different vegetational areas in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, twelve species of dung inhabiting mushrooms were reported. Bolbitius demangei, Conocybe siliginea, Coprinellus angulatus, C. marculentus, Coprinopsis cothurnata, C. pseudoradiata, C. vermiculifer and Coprinus foetidellus are new records for Brazil. Descriptions and drawings are provided, along with an identification key to all Agaricales species recorded on dung in Brazil.

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H., G. C., and Ann Bell. "Dung Fungi: An Illustrated Guide to Coprophilous Fungi in New Zealand." Mycologia 78, no. 6 (November 1986): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3807450.

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33

Whyte, Authrine C., Katherine B. Gloer, James B. Gloer, Brenda Koster, and David Malloch. "New antifungal metabolites from the coprophilous fungus Cercophorasordarioides." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-093.

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A chemical investigation of the coprophilous fungus Cercophorasordarioides has led to the isolation of arthrinone (1), a known fungal metabolite, and three new related compounds: 1-dehydroxyarthrinone (2), 3a,9a-deoxy-3a-hydroxy-1-dehydroxyarthrinone (3), and cerdarin (4). These metabolites were obtained from antifungal ethyl acetate extracts of liquid cultures of C. sordarioides through bioassay-guided fractionation, and their structures were assigned on the basis of 1D-NMR, HMQC, and HMBC results. Compounds 2 and 4 exhibited anti-Candida activity. Key words: antifungal, fungal metabolite, natural product, Cercophorasordarioides.

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Guevara-Suarez, M., D. García, J. F. Cano-Lira, J. Guarro, and J. Gené. "Species diversity in Penicillium and Talaromyces from herbivore dung, and the proposal of two new genera of penicillium-like fungi in Aspergillaceae." Fungal Systematics and Evolution 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 39–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2020.05.03.

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Coprophilous fungi are saprotrophic organisms that show great diversity, mainly on herbivore dung. The physico-chemical characteristics of this peculiar substrate combined with the high level of fungal adaptation to different environmental conditions offer the perfect setting for discovering new taxa. This study focused on the species diversity of penicillium-like fungi isolated mainly from herbivore dung collected at different Spanish locations. From 130 samples, a total of 104 isolates were obtained, and 48 species were identified. Preliminary identifications were based on morphology and partial β-tubulin (tub2) gene sequences. Putative new taxa were characterized by a multi-gene sequencing analysis testing the tub2, the internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS), calmodulin (cmdA), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, and a detailed phenotypic study. Using this polyphasic approach and following the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) method, we propose the new genera Penicillago (for Penicillium nodositatum) and Pseudopenicillium (for Penicillium megasporum and P. giganteum) in the family Aspergillaceae, and 11 new species, including seven Penicillium, three Talaromyces and one Pseudopenicillium. A lectotype and epitype are designed for Penicillium nodositatum. Our results show that the species diversity of penicillium-like fungi on herbivore dung has not been widely studied and that this substrate seems to be a good reservoir of interesting Eurotialean fungi.

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Melo, Roger F. R., Daniel B. P. do Monte, Nicole H. B. Gondim, Leonor C. Maia, and Andrew N. Miller. "Coprophilous fungi from Brazil: new records for the Neotropics." Mycotaxon 134, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/134.335.

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Caretta, Giuseppe, and Edoardo Piontelli. "COPROPHILOUS FUNGI FROM CONFINED DEERS IN PAVIA (LOMBARDIA, ITALY)." Boletín Micológico 11 (January 1, 1996): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/bolmicol.1996.11.0.1003.

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37

Krug, J. C., and R. S. Jeng. "A new coprophilous species of Podosordaria from Venezuela." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-008.

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Podosordaria venezuelensis (Ascomycotina, Xylariaceae) is described and illustrated. It is characterized by the long-stalked, glabrous stromata, ascospore shape and size, and germ slit length, differing from morphologically similar taxa in spore morphology and distribution. A key to all currently accepted species of this fungal genus is provided. Key words: Podosordaria, Xylariaceae, coprophilous, taxonomy, Venezuela.

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Simões Calaça, Francisco Junior, Nathan Carvalho da Silva, and Solange Xavier-Santos. "A checklist of coprophilous fungi and other fungi recorded on dung from Brazil." Mycotaxon 128, no. 1 (August 21, 2014): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/128.205.

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39

Williams, Keith, and Zoe Lucas. "Contributions to the study of higher fungi on Sable Island, Nova Scotia." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 51, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v51i2.11163.

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This study documents 27 taxa of Higher Fungi found on Sable Island, a remote emergent sand bar 160 km east of the Nova Scotia mainland. Of these, two are new basidiomycete records for the province, Deconica subcoprophila and Volvopluteus aff. gloiocephalus. Thirteen other taxa represent range extensions within Nova Scotia. Suillus luteus is suggested as the probable identity of the only ectomycorrhizal fungusdescribed colonizing the roots of the solitary pine tree growing on Sable Island. Keywords: coprophilous fungi, coastal dunes, Deconica, Suillus luteus, Volvopluteus

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da Cruz, Mateus Oliveira, and André Luiz Cabral Monteiro de Azevedo Santiago. "The first record of the coprophilous Coemansia erecta in South America." Mycotaxon 137, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/137.345.

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During a survey of the coprophilous zygosporic fungal diversity in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, Coemansia erecta was recovered from dung of Cavia porcellus (guinea pig). This is the first record of this species in South America. Images and a description of the Brazilian specimen are presented and discussed. An identification key for species of Coemansia from South America is provided.

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41

Krištůfek, V., A. Nováková, and V. Pižl. "Coprophilous streptomycetes and fungi—Food sources for enchytraeid worms (Enchytraeidae)." Folia Microbiologica 46, no. 6 (December 2001): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02818002.

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42

Herrera, José, Ravin Poudel, and Hana H. Khidir. "Molecular Characterization of Coprophilous Fungal Communities Reveals Sequences Related to Root-Associated Fungal Endophytes." Microbial Ecology 61, no. 2 (September 15, 2010): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-010-9744-0.

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43

Bednarczyk, Maria A. "Materials of knowledge of the coprophilous fungi in the Lublin region." Acta Mycologica 10, no. 2 (November 21, 2014): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1974.015.

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44

Mumbi, C. T., R. Marchant, and P. Lane. "Vegetation Response to Climate Change and Human Impacts in the Usambara Mountains." ISRN Forestry 2014 (May 29, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/240510.

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East and West Usambara Mountain blocks are unique based on three characteristics. Firstly, they are connected blocks; secondly, they have an oceanic-influenced climate; and thirdly, the rain seasons are not easily discernible due to their close proximity to the Indian Ocean and Equator. Sediment cores were collected from peat bogs in Derema (DRM) and Mbomole (MBML) in East Usambara and from Madumu (DUMU) in West Usambara. The multiproxy record provides an understanding on climate and vegetation changes during the last 5000 years. DRM and MBML cores result in radiocarbon ages and age-depth curve which showed hiatus at 20 cm and 61 cm and huge inversion for DUMU core at 57 cm. Period 5000–4000 14C yr BP for DUMU core revealed increased Montane forest indicative of relatively moist conditions. Periods 3000–2000 and 2000–1000 14C yr BP, DUMU core demonstrated increased submontane and lowland forests. Period 1000–200 14C yr BP, DUMU core signified increased coprophilous fungi while DRM and MBML cores signified fluctuating herbaceous pollen spectra (wet-dry episodes). Period 200 14C yr BP to present, all cores demonstrated stable recovery of forest types especially dominance of submontane forests. Abundant coprophilous fungi indicated increased human impacts including forest fires, cultivation, and grazing.

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Krug, John C., and James A. Scott. "The genus Bombardioidea." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 1302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-159.

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The taxonomy and ecology of the fungal genus Bombardioidea (Ascomycotina, Lasiosphaeriaceae) are discussed. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the four accepted species: Bombardioidea anartia n.sp., Bombardioidea bombardioides, Bombardioidea serignanensis, and Bombardioidea stercoris. Observations from axenic culture are provided for B. bombardioides, and an Angulimaya (Phialophora-like) anamorph is reported. The coriaceous and gelatinous aspects of the peridium are considered to be adaptations to xerophytic environments. Key words: Bombardioidea, Angulimaya, Phialophora, coprophilous, ecology, taxonomy.

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Adhikari, M. K. "PEZIZA FIMETI (PEZIZALES: PEZIZACEAE): NEW RECORD OF A CUP FUNGUS FROM NEPAL." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 20 (October 27, 2014): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v20i0.11328.

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Peziza fimeti (Fuckel) Seaver, a member of wild coprophilus cup fungi belonging to the family Pezizaceae, has been recently collected growing on cow dung at Bhanimandal, Lalitpur. This species is reported here as a new record from Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v20i0.11328Ecoprint: An International Journal of EcologyVol. 20, 2013Page : 37-39

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Bell, A., and D. P. Mahoney. "Coprophilous Fungi in New Zealand. II. Podospora Species with Coriaceous Perithecia." Mycologia 89, no. 6 (November 1997): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761111.

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Gloer, James B., and S. M. Truckenbrod. "Interference Competition among Coprophilous Fungi: Production of (+)-Isoepoxydon by Poronia punctata." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54, no. 4 (1988): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.54.4.861-864.1988.

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Richardson, M. J. "Records of Coprophilous Fungi from the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico." Caribbean Journal of Science 44, no. 2 (January 2008): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18475/cjos.v44i2.a8.

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Bell, A., and D. P. Mahoney. "Coprophilous fungi in New Zealand. II. Podospora species with coriaceous perithecia." Mycologia 89, no. 6 (November 1997): 908–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1997.12026861.

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