Relevant bibliographies by topics / Copper, Zinc, Aluminum (CZA)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Copper, Zinc, Aluminum (CZA)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 November 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Copper, Zinc, Aluminum (CZA)"

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Xie, Zhong, Jinpei Hei, Lei Cheng, Jing Li, Xiaojie Yin, and Sugang Meng. "Influence of Cu/Al Ratio on the Performance of Carbon-Supported Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol." Catalysts 13, no. 5 (April 25, 2023): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13050800.

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CO2 hydrogenation to methanol was conducted using a set of activated carbon-supported Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts (CCZA) prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation approach. The effect of the Cu/Al ratio on the physicochemical properties of the catalysts, as well as their catalytic performance, were investigated. As Cu/Al ratio increased, the metallic Cu surface area displayed a reducing trend from 6.88 to 4.18 m2∙gcat−1, while the CO2 adsorption capacity exhibited an increasing trend. Meanwhile, aluminum content will have an important effect on the catalysts’ reducibility and, thus, on their catalytic performance. The CCZA-2.7-de catalyst demonstrated the highest selectivity to methanol at 83.75% due to the excellent distribution and synergistic effect of copper and zinc. Although the CO2 conversion of CCZA-2.2-de and CCZA-3.5-de exceeded 10%, the CH3OH selectivity was less than 60%, which may be attributed to the larger particle sizes of ZnO and poor interactions in Cu–Zn. The present study offers a novel approach to increase the number of active sites, optimize the activated carbon-aided Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst’s composition, and finally elucidate the mechanism for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.
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Krasnobaeva, O. N., V. P. Danilov, T. A. Nosova, E. V. Bazhenova, and E. Yu Georgievskaya. "ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Aluminum, Copper Aluminum, and Zinc Copper Aluminum Hydroxo Salts with a Layered Hydrotalcite-Type Structure." ChemInform 30, no. 31 (June 14, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199931024.

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Duma, Zama G., Xoliswa Dyosiba, John Moma, Henrietta W. Langmi, Benoit Louis, Ksenia Parkhomenko, and Nicholas M. Musyoka. "Thermocatalytic Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol Using Cu-ZnO Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on Metal–Organic Frameworks." Catalysts 12, no. 4 (April 5, 2022): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12040401.

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The thermocatalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol is considered as a potential route for green hydrogen storage as well as a mean for utilizing captured CO2, owing to the many established applications of methanol. Copper–zinc bimetallic catalysts supported on a zirconium-based UiO-66 metal–organic framework (MOF) were prepared via slurry phase impregnation and benchmarked against the promoted, co-precipitated, conventional ternary CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) catalyst for the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. A decrease in crystallinity and specific surface area of the UiO-66 support was observed using X-ray diffraction and N2-sorption isotherms, whereas hydrogen-temperature-programmed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of copper active sites after impregnation and thermal activation. Other characterisation techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to assess the physicochemical properties of the resulting catalysts. The UiO-66 (Zr) MOF-supported catalyst exhibited a good CO2 conversion of 27 and 16% selectivity towards methanol, whereas the magnesium-promoted CZA catalyst had a CO2 conversion of 31% and methanol selectivity of 24%. The prepared catalysts performed similarly to a CZA commercial catalyst which exhibited a CO2 conversion and methanol selectivity of 30 and 15%. The study demonstrates the prospective use of Cu-Zn bimetallic catalysts supported on MOFs for direct CO2 hydrogenation to produce green methanol.
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Raghavan, V. "Al-Cu-Zn (Aluminum-Copper-Zinc)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 28, no. 2 (April 17, 2007): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-007-9025-x.

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Raghavan, V. "Al-Cu-Zn (Aluminum-Copper-Zinc)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 31, no. 1 (December 1, 2009): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9620-0.

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Raghavan, V. "Al-Cu-Mg-Zn (Aluminum-Copper-Magnesium-Zinc)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 28, no. 2 (April 26, 2007): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-007-9032-y.

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Li, Bin, Jiancheng Li, Rui Liu, Hongping Zhu, and Herbert W. Roesky. "Facile Route to Rare Heterobimetallic Aluminum–Copper and Aluminum–Zinc Selenide Clusters." Inorganic Chemistry 56, no. 6 (March 7, 2017): 3136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00012.

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Комарова, М. В., and А. Г. Вакутин. "INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERACTION OF UDP METALS WITH PRODUCTS OF THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF TETRAZOLE BINDER." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 6(40) (December 20, 2021): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2021.40.6.041.

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В статье приводятся экспериментальные исследования ультрадисперсных металлических порошков алюминия, меди, железа, вольфрама, титана, цинка, никеля, сплавов меди с алюминием, меди с железом и латуни. Описаны термические свойства их смесей с метилполивинилтетразолом, пластифицированным динитратпропиленгликолем; указаны численные величины значимых характеристик.Результаты исследования показали, что существенное количество тепла выделяется при нагреве порошков алюминия, цинка, титана и железа; при нагреве смесей со связующим, наилучшие результаты соответствуют сплаву меди с железом, алюминию и сплаву меди с алюминием. The article presents experimental studies of ultrafine metal powders of aluminum, copper, iron, tungsten, titanium, zinc, nickel, alloys of copper with aluminum, copper with iron and brass. The thermal properties of their mixtures with methyl polyvinyl tetrazole and plasticized propylenglycoldinitrate are described; numerical values of significant characteristics are indicated.The results of the study showed that a significant amount of heat is released when heating aluminum, zinc, titanium and iron powders; when heating mixtures with a binder, the best results correspond to an alloy of copper with iron, aluminum and an alloy of copper with aluminum.
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Fridlyander, I. N. "High-Strength Aluminum Alloys with Zinc, Magnesium, and Copper." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 45, no. 9/10 (September 2003): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:msat.0000009777.50737.71.

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Kolenak, Roman, Igor Kostolny, Jaromir Drapala, Paulina Babincova, and Martin Sahul. "Characterizing the Soldering Alloy Type Zn–Al–Cu and Study of Ultrasonic Soldering of Al7075/Cu Combination." Metals 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010027.

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The aim of the research was to characterize the soldering alloy type Zn–Al–Cu and study the fluxless ultrasonic soldering of the combination of aluminum alloy type Al7075 with copper substrate. The Zn–Al–Cu solder is of the close-to-eutectic type with two phase transformations: the eutectic transformation at 378 °C and the eutectoid transformation at 285 °C. The solder microstructure is formed of a matrix composed of the solid solutions of aluminum (Al) and zinc (Zn) in which the copper phases CuZn4 and CuAl2 are precipitated. The shear strength of the soldering alloy type Zn5Al with copper addition reaches values from 167 to 187 MPa and it depends on the copper content in the solder. The bond with aluminum alloy type Al7075 is formed due to the solubility of Al in zinc solder at the formation of solid solution Al. Contrary to this observation, the bond with the copper substrate is in this case formed due to the interaction of zinc and aluminum with the copper substrate. Two new intermetallic phases, namely Al(Cu,Zn)2 and Cu3.2Zn0.7Al4.2, were formed. The average shear strength of Al7075/Zn5Al3Cu/Cu joints attained was 134.5 MPa. For comparison, the Cu/Zn5Al3Cu/Cu joint attained an average shear strength of 136.5 MPa.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Copper, Zinc, Aluminum (CZA)"

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Duran, Martinez Laura Elizabeth. "Dévelοppement et οptimisatiοn d'un prοcédé de prοductiοn de mοlécules d'intérêt par hydrοgénatiοn du CΟ2 à partir d'hydrοgène renοuvelable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR21.

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La transition des combustibles fossiles vers les sources d’énergie renouvelables est de plus en plus urgente en raison de leur contribution significative au changement climatique mondial. L'augmentation des niveaux de dioxyde de carbone dans l'atmosphère souligne le besoin critique d'alternatives durables. La conversion du CO₂ en molécules à valeur ajoutée (vecteurs énergétiques) offre une solution prometteuse pour réduire la dépendance aux combustibles fossiles. Cette thèse explore le potentiel de l'hydrogénation catalytique du CO₂ pour produire des produits chimiques à valeur ajoutée tels que le méthane, le méthanol et le di-méthyl éther (DME). Ces procédés offrent non seulement un moyen de réduire les émissions de CO₂, mais également une voie vers une production de carburant durable. La recherche explore divers processus catalytiques, en mettant particulièrement l'accent sur la catalyse thermique en raison de son efficacité supérieure et de sa pertinence pour une mise en œuvre industrielle. L'hydrogénation du CO₂ en une seule étape pour produire du DME est le cas étudié. Des expériences préliminaires ont été menées dans un réacteur à lit fixe de laboratoire pour mieux comprendre la performance des catalyseurs. Différents catalyseurs ont été testés pour la synthèse du DME. Étant donné que les réactions impliquées dans l'hydrogénation du CO₂ pour produire du DME comprennent la synthèse du méthanol à partir de CO₂ suivie de la déshydratation du méthanol, un mélange de catalyseurs a été réalisé pour la synthèse directe du DME. Pour le mélange de poudres, deux catalyseurs CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃ (CZA), l'un commercial et l'autre développé, ont été testés pour la synthèse du méthanol, et deux zéolites CZA (HY et HZSM-5) ont été testées pour la déshydratation du méthanol. Le mélange physique de CZA-C avec HZSM-5 a été choisi pour une analyse plus approfondie. L'effet de la température, de la pression, du rapport molaire d'alimentation (H₂/CO₂) et de la vitesse spatiale horaire des gaz (GHSV) ont été évalués pour le développement de la cinétique de la synthèse du DME. Un modèle cinétique de Langmuir-Hinshelwood pour la synthèse du méthanol a été proposé, ainsi qu'une nouvelle relation pour la déshydratation du méthanol en DME, car la réaction n'est pas à l'équilibre. Un réacteur à Profil Optimal de Température (POT) intégrant le modèle cinétique développé a été étudié pour un contrôle précis de la température afin de maximiser la conversion du CO₂. Les simulations et optimisations ont confirmé que des temps de séjour plus longs, en ajustant la masse des catalyseurs, sont plus efficaces pour une conversion plus élevée du CO₂. Un avantage minimal (<1%) a été identifié en termes de conversion du CO₂ pour le réacteur POT par rapport à un réacteur isotherme. Cependant, la productivité combinée de DME et de méthanol a montré une meilleure performance (>4,4%) par rapport au réacteur isotherme. Un réacteur multitubulaire POT avec température de refroidissement variable, comprenant 958 tubes, a atteint une conversion du CO₂ de 34,18 % et un taux de production combiné de méthanol et de DME de 30,84 mol.h⁻¹ par tube, approchant l'équilibre thermodynamique sans recirculation
The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly urgent due to their significant contribution to global climate change. The rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere highlight the critical need for sustainable alternatives. Converting CO₂ into value-added molecules (energy carriers) offers a promising solution to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. This thesis explores the potential of the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to produce value-added chemicals such as methane, methanol, and dimethyl ether (DME). These processes not only offer a means to reduce CO₂ emissions but also provide a path toward sustainable fuel production. The research explores various catalytic processes, with a particular emphasis on thermal catalysis due to its higher efficiency and suitability for industrial implementation. The one-step CO₂ hydrogenation to DME is the case of study. Preliminary experiments were conducted into a laboratory fixed bed reactor to better understand catalyst performance. Different catalysts were tested for DME synthesis. Since the reactions that take place into CO₂ hydrogenation to DME comprise the methanol synthesis from CO₂ followed by methanol dehydration, a mixture of catalysts was done for the direct DME synthesis. For the powder mixture, two different CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃ (CZA) catalysts, one commercial and one developed, were tested for methanol synthesis and two CZA zeolites (HY and HZSM-5) were tested for methanol dehydration. The physical mixture of CZA-C plus HZSM-5 was chosen for further analysis. The effect of temperature, pressure, feed molar ratio (H₂/CO₂) and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) were assessed for the development of the kinetics of DME synthesis. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model for methanol synthesis was proposed, along with a novel relationship for methanol dehydration to DME, since the reaction is not at equilibrium. An Optimal Temperature Profile (OTP) reactor integrating the kinetic model developed was studied for precise temperature control to maximise CO₂ conversion. Simulations and optimisations confirmed that longer residence times by adjusting catalysts mass is more effective for higher CO₂ conversion. A minimal advantage (<1%) was identified in terms of CO₂ conversion for the OTP reactor over an isothermal reactor. However, the combined productivity of DME and methanol had a better performance (>4.4%) over the isothermal reactor. An OTP multi-tubular reactor with variable coolant temperature, comprising 958 tubes, achieved 34.18% CO₂ conversion and a combined methanol and DME production rate of 30.84 mol.h⁻¹ per tube, approaching to thermodynamic equilibrium without recirculation
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Subramaniam, Ameendraraj. "Fatigue behavior of copper zinc aluminum shape memory alloys." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0013/MQ32256.pdf.

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Goulding, Ashley Nelson. "Implementing the materials genome initiative: Best practice for developing meaningful experimental data sets in aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper alloys." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/55016.

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The Materials Genome Initiative was announced by the White House in June of 2011, and is a multi-agency initiative which calls the materials community to find ways to discover, develop, manufacture, and deploy advanced materials systems faster and more cost-efficiently. Currently, the amount of time it takes to discover and develop a new material system, optimize its properties, integrate it in to a system, certify that system, and develop the manufacturing capability so that it can be deployed in a commercial component takes at least 20 years. Since this trend holds regardless of the material system in question, the implication is that it is the process by which we as a community move through these seven steps, which causes the lengthy timeline. Historically, the discovery, development, and property optimization of a material system relies heavily on deep scientific knowledge, intuition and trial-and-error physical experimentation. Therefore much of the design and testing of materials in these early stages is currently performed through time-consuming and repetitive experimental and characterization feedback loops. Some of these feedback loops could be eliminated in the property optimization step with improved powerful and accurate computational modeling tools. However, while the ability of computational models to be used in this way is not new, models that have been developed in this space have consistently underperformed. Oftentimes, these models fail because they fail to accurately account for the various physical and chemical mechanisms that are driving the system, or because they fail to account for all of the variables which must be included. Here we propose a standard method of communication for these relationships in the form a process-structure-property-performance map, which leverages the known knowledge database of the material system to clearly and visually communicate the relevant variables and their various relationships in a defined materials design space. Such a map is developed here for high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, which offer a good example of a material system which could benefit from such a standard. This class of alloys, which are typically utilized in aircraft components, have been incorporated in commercial components for nearly 75 years, and due to its long history is a well characterized and well developed system that is highly suited to this kind of examination. In Part I of this work, we develop this standard by first examining the known knowledge database in this system to deduce what the important process, microstructure, and mechanical property variables are that are of interest. Once these variables and the relationships between them are identified, they are organized into a PSPP map according to a proposed set of steps, and can act as a visual standard that can clearly communicate critical information about the mechanisms of the system. For example, if a model developed within this system does not include a variable or a mechanism depicted within the map, it can be used to communicate the ways in which the model will be constrained. Similarly, when experimental data is collected within this space the map can be used to clearly communicate which variables in the space were held constant, which variables were tracked and accurately measured, and if any variables were unaccounted for. This information can help to communicate what situations the data can be used in, and how the space that the experimental data can be used in is constrained. In Part II of this work, we vary multiple parameters within the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system defined in Part I, and attempted to track and measure as many of the variables within the space as possible using commonly available testing and characterization methods. In tackling such a large project in the complicated materials system of high-strength wrought Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, we are able to understand which current testing and characterization methods are well suited to tracking these variables when the number of test specimens becomes quite large and when variability among those specimens is involved. We are also able to identify opportunities for future work in this area, which could be focused on improving our ability to implement projects of the scope that is required here. In addition to evaluating the feasibility of the various measurement and characterization methods, the raw data and the analyzed results for this work are cataloged in an associated data repository and have been made available for use in future work in this and other areas.
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Fahad, Noor. "Experimental study of oxidation, ignition and combustion of aluminum based nanomaterials." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8777.

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Aluminum based reactive nanomaterials have extensive applications in many fields including solid propellants, pyrotechnics, and catalytic reactions. One recent example is the novel concept of using nanostructured energetic particles for energy storage where the controlled exothermic reaction is the key to control the energy release process. It is of primary interest to understand the thermodynamics, kinetics, morphological and structural properties of these particles during the exothermic reaction. While the physiochemical properties of the monometallic powders are determined only by their size, the properties of bimetallic nanoalloys can be also engineered by their constituent compositions. This thesis conducts a systematic experimental investigation of the oxidation, ignition, and combustion of nano aluminum particles (nAl) and nanoalloys such as nanoscale aluminium-copper (n-AlCu) and aluminium-zinc (n-AlZn). The oxidation experiments are conducted by a TGA/DSC system with detailed characterisation of particles before and after the experiments by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the Nanosizer, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and powder X-ray diffractionmetry (XRD). In the TGA/DSC analysis, nanomaterials are oxidized either at constant temperature or under different heating rates in the controlled atmosphere of air or nitrogen. A unique early ignition reaction is observed at the high heating rates for nAl and n-AlCu, which is associated with the effect of polymorphic phase transformation of the alumina shell and the early melting of the aluminum core. Different to the conventional shrink-core concept, hollow structures, i.e. nanoholes, in the central regions of nAl are observed and a phenomenal model is proposed. The comparison of the thermal-chemical characteristics of different nanomaterials reveals some unique 5 features related to nano-alloys such as increased reactivity. A preliminary combustion experiment on feeding nanoparticles in a methane stream is performed with a Bunsen burner setup, where the burning characteristics of different nanoparticles are analysed.
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Zhang, Xian. "Atmospheric corrosion of zinc-aluminum and copper-based alloys in chloride-rich environments : Microstructure, corrosion initiation, patina evolution and metal release." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-151180.

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Fundamental understanding of atmospheric corrosion mechanisms requires an in-depth understanding on the dynamic interaction between corrosive constituents and metal/alloy surfaces. This doctoral study comprises field and laboratory investigations that assess atmospheric corrosion and metal release processes for two different groups of alloys exposed in chloride-rich environments. These groups comprise two commercial Zn-Al alloy coatings on steel, Galfan™ (Zn5Al) and Galvalume™ (Zn55Al), and four copper-based alloys (Cu4Sn, Cu15Zn, Cu40Zn and Cu5Zn5Al). In-depth laboratory investigations were conducted to assess the role of chloride deposition and alloy microstructure on the initial corrosion mechanisms and subsequent corrosion product formation. Comparisons were made with long-term field exposures at unsheltered marine conditions in Brest, France. A multitude of surface sensitive and non-destructive analytical methods were adopted for detailed in-situ and ex-situ analysis to assess corrosion product evolution scenarios for the Zn-Al and the Cu-based alloys. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) were employed for morphological investigations and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) for nobility distribution measurements and to gain microstructural information. SEM/EDS, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM) and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) were utilized to gain information on corrosion product formation and possibly their lateral distribution upon field and laboratory exposures. The multi-analytical approach enabled the exploration of the interplay between the microstructure and corrosion initiation and corrosion product evolution. A clear influence of the microstructure on the initial corrosion product formation was preferentially observed in the zinc-rich phase for both the Zn-Al and the Cu-Zn alloys, processes being triggered by microgalvanic effects. Similar corrosion products were identified upon laboratory exposures with chlorides for both the Zn-Al and the Cu-based alloys as observed after short and long term marine exposures at field conditions. For the Zn-Al alloys the sequence includes the initial formation of ZnO, ZnAl2O4 and/or Al2O3 and subsequent formation of Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O, and Zn2Al(OH)6Cl·2H2O and/or Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O. The patina of Cu sheet consists of two main layers with Cu2O predominating in the inner layer and Cu2(OH)3Cl in the outer layer, and with a discontinuous presence of CuCl in-between. Additional patina constituents of the Cu-based alloys include SnO2, Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2, Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O and Al2O3. General scenarios for the evolution of corrosion products are proposed as well as a corrosion product flaking mechanism for some of the Cu-based alloys upon exposure in chloride-rich atmospheres. The tendency for corrosion product flaking was considerably more pronounced on Cu sheet and Cu4Sn compared with Cu15Zn and Cu5Al5Zn. This difference is explained by the initial formation of zinc- and zinc-aluminum hydroxycarbonates Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 and Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O on Cu15Zn and Cu5Al5Zn, corrosion products that delay the formation of CuCl, a precursor of Cu2(OH)3Cl. As a result, the observed volume expansion during transformation of CuCl to Cu2(OH)3Cl, and the concomitant flaking process of corrosion products, was less severe on Cu15Zn and Cu5Al5Zn compared with Cu and Cu4Sn in chloride-rich environments. The results confirm the barrier effect of poorly soluble zinc and zinc-aluminum hydroxycarbonates Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 and Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O, which results in a reduced interaction between chlorides and surfaces of Cu-based alloys, and thereby reduced formation rates of easily flaked off corrosion products. From this process also follows reduced metal release rates from the Zn-Al alloys.
Bättre molekylär förståelse för metallers atmosfäriska korrosion kräver en fördjupad kunskap i det dynamiska samspelet mellan atmosfärens korrosiva beståndsdelar och metallytan. Denna doktorsavhandling omfattar laboratorie- och fältundersökningar av korrosions- och metallfrigöringsprocesser av två grupper av legeringar som exponerats i kloridrika atmosfärsmiljöer: två kommersiella Zn-Al beläggningar på stål, Galfan™ (Zn med 5% Al, förkortat Zn5Al) och Galvalume™ (Zn55Al), samt fyra kopparbaserade legeringar (Cu4Sn, Cu15Zn, Cu40Zn och Cu5Zn5Al). Undersökningar har genomförts i renodlade laboratorie-miljöer med för-deponerade NaCl-partiklar i en atmosfär av varierande relativ fuktighet. Syftet har varit att utvärdera betydelsen av kloriders deposition och legeringarnas mikrostruktur på korrosionsmekanismen samt bildandet av korrosionsprodukter. Jämförelser av korrosionsmekanismer har även gjorts efter flerårsexponeringar av samma legeringar i en marin fältmiljö i Brest, Frankrike. Undersökningarna har baserats på ett brett spektrum av analysmetoder för detaljerade studier dels under pågående atmosfärisk korrosion (in-situ), och dels efter avslutad korrosion (ex-situ). Legeringarnas mikrostruktur och tillhörande variation i ädelhet hos olika faser har undersökts med svepelektronmikroskopi och energidispersiv röntgenmikroanalys (SEM/EDS) samt med en variant av atomkraftsmikroskopi (engelska: scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, SKPFM). Korrosionsprodukternas tillväxt har analyserats in-situ med infraröd reflektions-absorptionsspektroskopi (IRAS), samt morfologi och sammansättning av bildade korrosionsprodukter ex-situ med SEM/EDS, konfokal Raman mikro-spektroskopi (CRM) samt röntgendiffraktion vid strykande ifall (GIXRD). Det multi-analytiska tillvägagångssättet har medfört att det komplexa samspelet mellan de skilda legeringarnas mikrostruktur, korrosionsinitiering och bildandet av korrosionsprodukter kunnat studeras i detalj. En tydlig påverkan av mikrostruktur på det initiala korrosionsförloppet har kunnat påvisas. Korrosionsinitieringen sker företrädesvis i mer zinkrika faser för såväl Zn-Al- som Cu-Zn-legeringar och orsakas av mikro-galvaniska effekter mellan de mer zinkrika, mindre ädla, faserna och omgivande faser. Deponerade NaCl-partiklar påskyndar den lokala korrosionen oberoende av mikrostruktur. Snarlika sekvenser av korrosionsprodukter har kunnat påvisas såväl efter laboratorie- som fältexponeringar. För Zn-Al-legeringar bildas först ZnO, ZnAl2O4 och/eller Al2O3, därefter Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O och Zn2Al(OH)6Cl·2H2O och/eller Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O. På ren koppar bildas ett inre skikt dominerat av Cu2O, ett mellanskikt av CuCl och ett yttre skikt med i huvudsak Cu2(OH)3Cl. Beroende på legeringstillsats har även SnO2 och Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 kunnat identifieras. En mekanism för flagning av korrosionsprodukter på kopparbaserade legeringar i kloridrika atmosfärer har utvecklats. Tendensen för flagning har visat sig vara mycket mer uttalad på ren Cu och Cu4Sn än på Cu15Zn och Cu5Al5Zn. Skillnaden kan förklaras med hjälp av det tidiga bildandet av Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 och Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O på Cu15Zn och Cu5Al5Zn som fördröjer bildandet av CuCl, en föregångare till Cu2(OH)3Cl. Därigenom hämmas även den observerade volymexpansionen som sker när CuCl omvandlas till Cu2(OH)3Cl, en process som visar sig vara den egentliga orsaken till att korrosionsprodukterna flagar. Resultaten bekräftar barriäreffekten hos de mer svårlösliga faserna Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 och Zn6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O, vilken dels resulterar i en minskad växelverkan mellan klorider och de legeringsytor där dessa faser kan bildas, och dels i en reducerad metallfrigöringshastighet.

QC 20140915


Autocorr, RFSR-CT-2009-00015 Corrosion of heterogeneous metal-metal assemblies in the automotive industry
Atmospheric corrosion and environmental metal dispersion from outdoor construction materials
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6

Hammoud, Dima. "Synthèses et caractérisations d'oxydes mixtes à base de cuivre, zinc et aluminium issus de précurseurs de type hydrotalcite : Application pour la réaction de vaporeformage du biométhanol." Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0381/document.

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Des catalyseurs massiques à base de Cu, Zn et Al ont été préparés par voie hydrotalcite afin d'être testés dans la réaction de vaporeformage du biométhanol pour produire de l'hydrogène. Pour les solides séchés CuxZn₆₋xAl₂, quel que soit la teneur en cuivre, la phase hydrotalcite a été révélée par différentes caractérisations physico-chimiques (DRX, MEB, ATD-ATG). La calcination des hydrotalcites permet de générer un mélange d'oxydes ayant des propriétés intéressantes telles le non-respect de la stoechiométrie, une stabilité thermique importante, une aire spécifique élevée. Le solide Cu₄Zn₂Al₂ HT calciné à 500°C présente les taux de conversion et les sélectivités en H₂ les plus élevés avec une faible formation de CO à hautes températures. Cette meilleure performance es due à la présenced'un optimum des espèces de cuivre réduites Cu⁺,CU⁰. Par ailleurs, un ensemble des solides supportés à base de cuivre utilisant l'hydrotalcite Zn-Al comme précurseur du support a été synthétisé. Les caractérisations des solides imprégnés ont montré leurs reconstructions partielles par "effet mémoire" sous forme hydrotalcite lors de l'imprégnation du Cu. La performance catalytique de ces solides calcinés dépend de la température de calcination du support hydrotalcite, de l'échantillon et de la teneur en cuivre imprégné. Le solide 10% Cu/Zn-Al (500) 500 présente la meilleure activité dans l'étude de vaporeformage du méthanol. Parallèlement, un mécanisme réactionnel, renfermant le formiate de méthyle et l'acide formique comme composés intermédiaires, a été proposé pour le vaporeformage du méthanol en présence de ces catalyseurs
Some catalysts based on Cu, Zn and Al were prepared by hydrotalcite road to be tested in the steam reforming of biomethanol to produce hydrogen. For the dried solids CuxZn₆₋xAl₂, whatever the copper content, the hydrotalcite phase was revealed by different physico-chemical characterizations (XRD, SEM, DTA-GTA). The calcination of hydrotalcites allows to generate a mixture of oxides with interesting properties such non-respect of stoichiometry, high thermal stability, high surface area. The solid, Cu₄Zn₂Al₂ HT calcined at 500° C shows the highest conversion rates and selectivities of H₂ with a low formation of CO at high temperatures. This best performance is due to the presence of an optimum of copper species reduced Cu⁺,CU⁰. Furthermore, copper-based supported solids using Zn-Al hydrotalcite as a precursor of the support were synthesized. The characterization of impregnated solids showed their partial reconstructions by "memory effect" as hydrotalcite during impregnation of Cu. The catalytic performance of these calcined solids depends on the temperature of calcination of the hydrotalcite support, of the sample and of the impregnated copper content. The solid 10% Cu/Zn-Al (500) 500 presents the best activity in the study of steam reforming of methanol. Meanwhile, a reaction mechanism containing methyl formate and formic acid as intermediate compounds has been proposed for the steam reforming of methanol in the presence of these catalysts
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Andrade, Milton. "Heavy metal removal from bilge water by electrocoagulation treatment." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1092.

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The purpose of this research was to observe the removal efficiency for copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) using Electrocoagulation (EC) technique in a continuous flow reactor with a synthetic bilge water emulsion; and additionally, to discuss the operation cost of the treatment. The optimal configuration for EC treatment used combined electrodes, aluminum and carbon steel; flow rate of 1 L/min; effluent recycling and 7.5 amps; this optimal configuration achieved 99% of zinc removal efficiency, 70% of both, copper and nickel removal efficiency, and low operation costs. The current intensity did not have significance incidence on the removal efficiency. The analysis of cost per gram of removed contaminant indicated that nickel had an average cost of $1.95 per gram removed, zinc and copper had $0.60 and $0.88 per gram removed, respectively. To develop additional experiments with the EC reactor are required in order to optimize metal removal efficiency.
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Caraher, Sally Kate 1974. "Clustering and precipitation processes in age-hardened Al-Zn-Mg-(Ag, Cu) alloys." Monash University, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7803.

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9

Huang, Yulin, and 黃鈺琳. "Corrosion Behavior Studies on Copper, Zinc and Aluminum in Sulfur Containing Environment." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69q73h.

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碩士
中國文化大學
化學工程與材料工程學系奈米材料碩士班
100
In this study, zinc, aluminum and copper, three basic metallic materials, according to the requirement of ISO as well as CNS, nearby the Beitou hot springs were evaluated. Two locations were selected; they are Dun-Xu Technical School and Xin-Min Junior High School, for the accommodation of the exposure facilities, based on their chemical of sulfur compounds and one location (Xin-Min Junior High School) even contains HCl. Analysis of weight loss, electrochemical polarization and surface analysis of the corrosion products were analyzed by XRD and XPS. The corrosion products pf zinc and copper are mainly composed of ZnS and ZnO for the zinc, and Cu2S, CuS, Cu2O and CuO for the copper; CuCl and CuCl2 are also observed at the exposure site of Xin-Min Junior High School. Aluminum only takes the oxide form of Al2O3 which is usually protective; no sulfide was observed on aluminum. It may conclude that aluminum is corrosion-resistant in sulfur containing environments. Based on the results up to a 90 days study, it is by no means a complete coverage of the corrosion products and continuously grow at this stage of observation. It is necessary to further keep on the track of the development of surface structure and chemistry of the exposures in the two test sites.
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Huang, Chih-Wei, and 黃志瑋. "Studies on Characterization Analysis of Copper、Aluminum and Zinc Reaction Products in Sulfur-Containing Atmosphere." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91941699131461086966.

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碩士
中國文化大學
化學工程與材料工程學系奈米材料碩士班
101
Taiwan is a semi-tropical island sorrouned by the sea.with a high temperature, high humidity and high salinity of the environments. coupled with the results of air pollution, can therefore be considered severe corrosive environments. Beitou and Yangmingshan area with high contents is located in the northern part of Taiwan's famous hot spring area sulfur. However local sulfur-related research, especially for Beitou and Yangmingshan area is very rare. Various construction often quoted foreign data regarding atmospheric corrosion and corrosion design. The results are ofthen less than the design life, to have the rust damage. Therefore, to control the atmospheric corrosion of the metal structures in particularly important. This research project is focused on copper, aluminum and zinc wires exposing in Beitou and Yangmingshan area for field testing, according to the ISO and CNS specifications regarding of corrosion rate monitoring to analyze the structure and chemistry of the corrosion products, While to compare the three metal corrosion rates and the related corrosion mechanisms. The environment data from Beitou and Yangmingshan area is estimated to RH> 80% almost all year round, sea salt deposition less than 10 mg/m2/day 10km away from the coastline, but the area in the vicinity of the hot spring contain significantly higher chloride ions, and the SO2 content in hot spring area should be greater than the value cited from the relevant literature 200mg/m2/day. The atmospheric corrosion test results from Beitou and Yangmingshan region show that the classification to the ISO or CNS from the year-round test of copper, aluminum and zinc corrosion rate. However, the result also indicate a tendency for increasing.
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Books on the topic "Copper, Zinc, Aluminum (CZA)"

1

Diecasting Development Council (North American Die Casting Association), ed. NADCA product specification standards for die castings: Aluminum, aluminum-MMC, copper, magnesium, zinc, and ZA alloys. La Grange, Ill: The Council, 1994.

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Ilczuk, Jan. Zjawiska tarcia wewnętrznego występujące podczas odwracalnej przemiany martenzytycznej stopów Cu-Zn-Al. Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski, 1993.

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Québec. École des hautes études commerciales. Pricing Behaviour and Market Power in North American Aluminum, Copper, Lead and Zinc Industries. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Sweet, Beryle G., and Thomas C. Britton, eds. Atmospheric Corrosion Investigation of Aluminum-Coated, Zinc-Coated, and Copper-Bearing Steel Wire and Wire Products. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/ds65-eb.

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United States. Office of Strategic Resources., ed. The Domestic mining and processing industries: A strategic resource, as represented by aluminum, copper, lead, and zinc. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Office of Strategic Resources, 1986.

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United States. Office of Strategic Resources., ed. The Domestic mining and processing industries: A strategic resource, as represented by aluminum, copper, lead, and zinc. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Office of Strategic Resources, 1987.

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Idziak, Adam. Anizotropia prędkości fal sejsmicznych i jej związek z orientacją systemów spękań masywów skalnych. Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski, 1992.

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Sweet, Beryle G. Atmospheric corrosion investigation of aluminum-coated, zinc-coated, and copper-bearing steel wire and wire products: A thirty-two year report. Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A: ASTM, 1995.

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The Domestic mining and processing industries: A strategic resource, as represented by aluminum, copper, lead, and zinc. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Office of Strategic Resources, 1987.

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The Domestic mining and processing industries: A strategic resource, as represented by aluminum, copper, lead, and zinc. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Office of Strategic Resources, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Copper, Zinc, Aluminum (CZA)"

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Cohen, Mitchell D. "Other Metals: Aluminum, Copper, Manganese, Selenium, Vanadium, and Zinc." In Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, 267–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4535-4_11.

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Subramaniam, A., N. Rajapakse, D. Polyzois, and B. Yue. "Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Copper Zinc Aluminum Shape Memory Alloys." In Smart Structures, 337–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4611-1_38.

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Kawabata, Hiroyuki, Naohisa Nishino, Tsuyoshi Seguchi, and Yoshikazu Genma. "Influence of Aluminum Content on Corrosion Resistance of Mg-Al Alloys Containing Copper and Zinc." In Magnesium Technology 2012, 277–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48203-3_51.

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Kawabata, Hiroyuki, Naohisa Nishino, Tsuyoshi Seguchi, and Yoshikazu Genma. "Influence of Aluminum Content on Corrosion Resistance of Mg-Al Alloys Containing Copper and Zinc." In Magnesium Technology 2012, 277–80. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118359228.ch51.

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Kotowski, Marek. "The Role of Organic Matter and Aluminum in Zinc and Copper Transport through Forest Podsol Soil Profiles." In Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment 3, 255–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9664-3_29.

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"Aluminum Casting Alloys." In Aluminum Alloy Castings, 7–20. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.aacppa.t51140007.

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Abstract Aluminum casting alloy compositions parallel those of wrought alloys in many respects. However, because work hardening plays no significant role in the development of casting properties, the use and purposes of some alloying elements differ in casting alloys versus wrought alloys. This chapter provides information on specifications and widely used designation systems and alloy nomenclature for aluminum casting alloys. It describes the composition of seven basic families of aluminum casting alloys: aluminum-copper, aluminum-silicon-copper, aluminum-silicon, aluminum-silicon-magnesium, aluminum-magnesium, aluminum-zinc-magnesium, and aluminum-tin. The chapter discusses the effects of alloying elements on the properties of cast aluminum. It provides information on various alloys that are grouped with respect to their applications or major performance characteristics.
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"Approximate Composition of Materials." In Extrusion, 567–77. 2nd ed. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.ex2.t69980567.

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Abstract This appendix contains tables listing the approximate composition of materials for the extrusion process. The materials covered are aluminum alloys, magnesium and magnesium alloys, copper and copper alloys, cobalt alloys, nickel and nickel alloys, iron alloys, steels, lead, tin, zinc alloys, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, zirconium alloys, titanium, and titanium alloys.
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Akopyan, Torgom, Nikolay Belov, and Evgenia Naumova. "Calcium-Containing Aluminum Alloys." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000264.

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The phase composition and microstructure of ternary alloys, Al–Ca–X (where X = (Silicon) Si, (Magnesium) Mg, (Zinc) Zn, (Copper) Cu, (Nickel) Ni, (Iron) Fe, (Manganese) Mn, and (Scandium) Sc), developed based on Ca-containing eutectics have been studied. In most systems, ternary compounds are detected. It is found that the structure of Ca-containing eutectics is much finer than that of Al–Si alloys. Such alloys have a good combination of technological properties during casting and deforming. Because of the high volume fraction of Ca-containing particles (up to 33 vol.%), they may be considered as promising “natural composites.” The strength properties of Al–Ca–X alloys may be significantly enhanced by adding Sc and Zr, forming L12 nanoparticles. Alloys of the system Al–Zn–Mg–Ca can reach hardnesses higher than 200 HB, which gives reason to expect good strength properties. With the example of the Al–9%Zn–3.5%Mg–3%Ca model experimental alloy based on the (Al) + (Al,Zn)4Ca eutectic, the possibility, in principle, of manufacturing rolled sheets has been demonstrated.
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Thampi, Sherin, Alan K. Joy, Albin Varghese, Anoop Raj, Alen Mathew, Merrin John Varkey, and Krishna P. Yagati. "Dissimilar Metal Inert Gas Welding Characterization of Aluminum and Copper using Zinc Interlayer." In Emerging Technologies for Sustainability, 519–23. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429353628-67.

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"Front Matter." In Atmospheric Corrosion, FM1—FM8. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp14908s.

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This comprehensive publication presents 16 international papers on atmospheric corrosion and corrosion testing. Provides an understanding of atmospheric corrosion concerns from the standpoint of economics, safety, and aesthetics, and what is being done about them on four continents. Topics include: • Corrosion on basic metals and alloys used in construction, including: carbon steel, stainless steel, weathering steel, zinc, copper, and aluminum • Results of an ISO program to characterize different atmospheres as to corrosivity • Acid deposition and its effects on corrosion Marine corrosion.
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Conference papers on the topic "Copper, Zinc, Aluminum (CZA)"

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Sánchez, Yuly, Luis Rodríguez Cheu, Jairo Romero, Mehrab Mehrvar, Lynda McCarthy, Édgar Quiñones, and Alexander Reuβ. "Presence of metals in a ferruginous hot spring in the Cundinamarca region, Colombia." In Ingeniería para transformar territorios. Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/paper.2929.

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The presence of metals in hot springs has been associated with various adverse health effects. Although some elements are essential for humans, they are dangerous at high levels of exposure. There have been little studies on the presence of metals in hot springs in Colombia, therefore, laboratory tests were carried out over a period of six months (June to December, 2021), with spot samples every month in a ferruginous hot spring in the Cundinamarca region, Colombia. Tests were carried out for arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), and calcium (Ca) in the Laboratory of the Bogota Aqueduct and Sewer Company (in Spanish EAAB). Since there are no regulations in Colombia there is no regulation on the quality of hot springs, the analysis of results was carried out by comparing them with standards for drinking water and swimming pools from countries such as Canada, Germany, and the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as hot springs in Japan. It was observed that iron was the only metal that exceeded the regulations for drinking water and swimming pools.
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Murakami, K., and M. Shimada. "Development of Thermal Spray Coatings with Corrosion Protection and Antifouling Properties." In ITSC2009, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2009p1041.

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Abstract In this investigation, aluminum-copper, aluminum-zinc, and zinc coatings were flame sprayed onto a sand-blasted mild steel substrate. The coatings were immersed in seawater and were examined on a monthly basis using EDS and XRD analysis to assess corrosion and marine fouling behaviors. The spraying and test procedures are described and the results are presented and discussed. Zinc and aluminum-zinc coatings with high zinc content proved to have good anti-corrosion and anti-fouling properties, but the aluminum-copper coatings did not.
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Chang, Shang-Chou, and Jian-Syun Wu. "Antibacterial and Thermal Insulated Property of Sputtered Copper/Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Films." In IEEE ICEIB 2024, 22. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024074022.

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Ahmed, Mohd Mujeeb, and Tirupati Kadam. "Development and investigation of aluminum metal matrix composite reinforced with copper, nickel, zinc and silicon carbide particle." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANUFACTURING, MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (ICMMSE-2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5141192.

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Chumaevskii, A. V., A. V. Gusarova, L. L. Zhukov, V. A. Beloborodov, and A. N. Ivanov. "Mechanical properties and adhesion of copper-zinc coatings formed on the aluminum alloy surface by friction stir processing." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5131927.

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Chan, Huang-Tian, Shang-Chou Chang, Chuan-An Hsiao, and Jian-Syun Wu. "In-Line Sputtered Copper/Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Films on Glass Prepared for Energy-Saving and Antibacterial Function." In 2023 18th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact59481.2023.10348665.

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Inui, Hirotoshi, Toru Sakurai, Eiichi Sato, Tadashi Minoda, and Yasuhiro Nakai. "Development of Low Cost Aluminum Tapered Handlebar for Motorcycles." In JSAE/SAE Small Engine Technologies Conference & Exhibition. 10-2 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan: Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-32-0056.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Tapered handlebars using high strength aluminum alloys have been applied mainly to motorcycle models requiring weight reduction and high texture appearance that aluminum handlebars can offer as their characteristics. This handle bar is manufactured through extrusion processing. Conventionally used alloys had low extrusion productivity, which led to increased cost of the handlebars. In view of this, we selected an alloy securing the strength by adding a large amount of zinc while reducing the amount of the copper, which deteriorates the extrusion productivity, to the minimum adding amount, in consideration of maintaining the stress corrosion cracking resistance. However, a large amount of zinc decreases the stress corrosion cracking resistance. Therefore, in order to obtain a metallic structure favorable to the prevention of stress corrosion cracking, the mandrel extrusion was applied for the pipe manufacturing method, and heat treatment condition and swaging condition were optimized. With this development, we have made it possible to manufacture the tapered handlebar made of high strength aluminum alloy with less weight by 20% and with lower cost by 30% than those of the conventional handlebar.</div></div>
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Papyrin, A. N., A. P. Alkimov, and V. F. Kosarev. "Spraying the Current Conducting Coatings on Electrotechnical Unit by the CGS Method." In ITSC 1999, edited by E. Lugscheider and P. A. Kammer. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1999p0288.

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Abstract This paper considers the problem of spraying the electrically conductive coatings on electrotechnical units for different purposes with the method of cold gas-dynamic spraying. It presents a general scheme of the spraying system, the characteristics of the spraying process and the main results of the property tests of electrotechnical units with coatings. The contact connections of copper bars provided with aluminum caps with protective coatings of copper, zinc, and nickel are tested. The paper demonstrates the conformity of the electrotechnical units injected using the CGS method with the requirements of the state standard. It was observed that while spraying the thin copper layer on aluminum caps by the CGS method the copper expenditurer 50 times decreases. The technical characteristics, with this, are close to the copper caps, and the cost is close to the aluminum caps. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
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Chumaevskii, A. V., A. V. Gusarova, L. L. Zhukov, V. A. Beloborodov, and A. N. Ivanov. "Structural-phase state of copper-zinc alloy coatings formed on the surface of aluminum alloy by friction stir processing." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5131929.

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Stoltenhoff, T., J. Voyer, and H. Kreye. "Cold Spraying – State of the Art and Applicability." In ITSC2002, edited by C. C. Berndt and E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2002p0366.

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Abstract Various metals such as aluminum, copper, zinc, steel, nickel, titanium, and niobium have been deposited on a wide range of substrate materials via cold spraying. This paper provides a detailed overview of the cold spray process and the coatings typically produced. It discusses the powders and gases used, the dynamics of gas-particle flow in spray nozzles, the effect of temperature and pressure, and the concept of critical velocity. It also presents examples of the properties and microstructures recently achieved in cold sprayed aluminum, zinc, NiCr, MCrAlY, and Cu-Al coatings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
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