Relevant bibliographies by topics / Copper – Toxicity testing

Academic literature on the topic 'Copper – Toxicity testing'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Copper – Toxicity testing"

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Richards, Laura, Stephanie Walsh, Carmen Shultz, and Marilyne Stuart. "ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF WATER QUALITY ON COPPER TOXICITY INHYALELLA AZTECA." AECL Nuclear Review 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/anr.2015.00040.

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The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that when standard artificial media 5-salt culture water (SAM-5S) is used to test sediment toxicity of much lower ionic-strength aquatic ecosystems, the resulting toxicity estimates are lower than if the tests had been conducted in water of comparable ionic strength. Results showed that this concern was unfounded for testing of copper toxicity to Hyalella azteca (H. azteca) in Ottawa River water. Sediment testing is often conducted using a standard water that is prepared in the laboratory. However, this water may have an ionic strength that is different than local water bodies. It follows that laboratory results using the standard water may be unrepresentative. A study was undertaken to assess the copper tolerance of 2 strains of H. azteca in SAM-5S, diluted SAM-5S (similar in electrical conductivity to Ottawa River water), and Ottawa River water. Acute (96 h) copper toxicity tests were conducted with 9–16 day-old H. azteca. For a given water type, the 2 strains of H. azteca yielded comparable responses to copper. The highest copper tolerance was found in Ottawa River water (closely followed by SAM-5S), whereas the lowest copper tolerance was found in diluted SAM-5S. Our results suggest that sediment toxicity is not lowered by the higher ionic strength of SAM-5S and that sediment toxicity tests of Ottawa River sediments, conducted with SAM-5S, can be used to estimate the in situ toxicity of the sediments.
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Ivorra, Núria, Michiel H. S. Kraak, and Wim Admiraal. "Use of lake water in testing copper toxicity to desmid species." Water Research 29, no. 9 (September 1995): 2113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(95)00019-h.

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Jacobson, Peter J., Donald S. Cherry, Jerry L. Farris, and Richard J. Neves. "Juvenile freshwater mussel (bivalvia: unionidae) responses to acute toxicity testing with copper." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 12, no. 5 (May 1993): 879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120512.

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Zizzo, John. "Toxicity effects of Cubic Cu2O nanoparticles on defecation rate and length in C. Elegans." Biomedical Research and Therapy 7, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 4045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v7i10.639.

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Introduction: The increased presence of radiation and toxins in the atmosphere has given rise to fuel cells and nanoparticle technology with the ability to catalyze reactions at favorable energy levels. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the lasting effects of a synthesized catalyst on a model organism, Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans. Methods: Copper sulfate was tested alongside copper(I) oxide (i.e. Cu2O) to dissociate the copper composition effects from those of the nanoparticles themselves. The prospect of testing both defecation rate and size differences allowed for C. elegans to be utilized due to their low maintenance costs, mapped neuronal pathways, and short-generation times. Results: The results indicated significant toxicity effects in wild-type worms as witnessed by the decreases in nematode defecation rate and length by copper sulfate, with similar results in SMF-1 and PCS-1 mutants by Cu2O catalysts in cubic synthesized form. Conclusion: These outcomes reinforce the known effects of metal oxides on pollutants and highlight the need for further testing with additional variables such as varying pH and temperature.
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Apte, Simon C., Graeme E. Batley, Karl C. Bowles, Paul L. Brown, Nicola Creighton, Leigh T. Hales, Ross V. Hyne, et al. "A Comparison of Copper Speciation Measurements with the Toxic Responses of Three Sensitive Freshwater Organisms." Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 4 (2005): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05048.

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Environmental Context.A rapid Chelex resin method is shown to be a valuable speciation screening tool for use in a tiered risk assessment of copper toxicity in fresh waters. It is a more conservative measure than toxicity testing with sensitive biota, but a better indicator of toxicity than a dissolved copper measurement. Abstract.Twelve natural fresh waters with similar pH and hardness, but varying dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and copper concentrations, were assessed for (a) toxicity to an alga (Chlorella sp. 12), a cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia) and a bacterium (Erwinnia sp.), and (b) copper speciation using a rapid Chelex extraction method, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). In synthetic fresh water with no added DOC, at pH 7.0 and low hardness, the toxic responses (EC/IC50) of all three organisms to copper were similar. However, in the toxicity of copper added to natural water samples exhibited a negative linear relationship to DOC (r2 = 0.82–0.83), with respective slopes for algae, cladocerans and bacteria decreasing in the ratio 7.4 : 3.5 : 1. The marked difference in responses in the presence of natural dissolved organic matter indicated that not all of the organisms conformed to the free ion activity model (FIAM). This was confirmed by copper ion selective electrode measurement of copper ion activity. Copper toxicity to algae in the presence of DOC was overestimated by free ion activity possibly due to surface binding of DOC. Copper toxicity to the bacteria was greater than predicted and was shown to be a result of bioavailability of some copper complexes formed with organic matter. Cladocerans appear to more closely follow FIAM predictions. These findings have important implications for attempts to extend predictive models of metal toxicity beyond fish to more sensitive freshwater species. The measured labile copper concentrations of copper-spiked natural waters varied from 0 to 70% of total copper concentrations. There was no clear relationship between the three measurement techniques. Good correlations were obtained between both algal and bacterial growth inhibitions measured on copper-spiked natural waters and the corresponding Chelex-labile copper concentrations. A single natural water sample was manipulated to different pH and hardness values, spiked with copper, and tested using the above three organisms with the Chelex method. Toxicity test results generally agreed with studies performed in synthetic fresh waters, showing that the relationships between toxicity, pH and hardness were organism-specific. Chelex-labile copper was always over-predictive of toxicity but significantly better (P ≤ 0.05) than dissolved copper concentrations, as it only detects the fraction of total copper that is reactive over biologically-relevant timescales. Colloidally-bound copper and copper associated with strong ligands are not detected. The Chelex method is therefore useful as a measure where speciation is accepted in water quality regulations.
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MacRae, Russell K., Ann S. Maest, and Joseph S. Meyer. "Selection of an organic acid analogue of dissolved organic matter for use in toxicity testing." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 1484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-090.

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Uncontaminated stream waters in the vicinity of a Co mine in Idaho were titrated with Cu to determine the Cu-binding characteristics of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) and suspended particles. Nonlinear regressions of bound versus free Cu concentrations were consistent with a two-ligand model for DOM complexation of Cu, in which the conditional stability constants (log K) and complexation capacities (CC) were log K1 = 7.26, CC1 = 0.21 µmol Cu·mg dissolved organic carbon (DOC)-1 and log K2 = 5.13, CC2 = 2.89 µmol Cu·mg DOC-1. Copper-binding constants were similar in filtered (0.45 µm) and unfiltered water samples. Calcium, Mg, and Co did not compete appreciably with Cu for DOM complexation at concentrations present in site waters. Copper binding to amorphous iron oxide flocs also was not important at the Fe concentrations present in the stream waters. We selected a mixture of three organic acids, dipicolinic, oxalic, and malonic, to mimic the Cu-binding properties of this DOM. Geochemical models were developed to estimate Cu speciation and evaluate its bioavailability in companion fish toxicity tests using the DOM analogue (Marr et al. 1999. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56: 1471-1483).
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Nalewajko, Czeslawa, and Mary M. Olaveson. "Differential responses of growth, photosynthesis, respiration, and phosphate uptake to copper in copper-tolerant and copper-intolerant strains of Scenedesmus acutus (Chlorophyceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-141.

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We detected significant differences in copper toxicity to growth and several physiological processes (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration, and phosphate uptake) in three strains of Scenedesmus acutus f. alternans demonstrating differential sensitivity to copper. The copper-intolerant strain (designated X-72) and the two copper-tolerant strains (designated X-Cu and B-4) were tested in long-term (5-day) growth bioassays and short-term (< 24 h) physiological experiments under both nutrient-sufficient and nutrient-limited conditions. The three strains showed the same pattern of sensitivity to copper for growth and for all physiological processes examined: the copper-intolerant strain, X-72, showed the greatest sensitivity, followed by X-Cu. B-4 was most tolerant. Under nutrient-sufficient conditions, growth was more sensitive to copper than photosynthesis or respiration. Depression of the growth rate to 50% of control occurred at 25, 56, and 175 nmol Cu/106 cells in X-72, X-Cu, and B-4, respectively. Photosynthesis and respiration were inhibited in cultures that were preexposed to algistatic copper dosages for 20 h prior to testing. Both processes were equally inhibited in X-72 (to about 8.5% of controls) and in X-Cu (to about 32% of controls), but respiration was more inhibited than photosynthesis in B-4 (to 47.7 vs. 67.1% of control rates). L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), a known inhibitor of phytochelatin synthesis, significantly reduced the tolerance of photosynthesis to copper in X-72 but not in X-Cu or B-4. Short-term responses among several physiological processes were also examined under phosphorus and nitrogen limitation. In P-limited cultures, phosphate uptake was depressed by 50% at 3 nmol Cu/106 cells in X-72, and at 5.8 nmol Cu/106 cells in X-Cu and B-4. In N-limited cultures, photosynthesis was more tolerant to copper than in nutrient-sufficient conditions in both X-72 and X-Cu but less tolerant in B-4. Key words: copper toxicity, growth, nutrient limitation, nitrogen, phosphate uptake, photosynthesis, respiration, Scenedesmus.
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Bogomolov, D. M., S. K. Chen, R. W. Parmelee, S. Subler, and C. A. Edwards. "An ecosystem approach to soil toxicity testing: a study of copper contamination in laboratory soil microcosms." Applied Soil Ecology 4, no. 2 (September 1996): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0929-1393(96)00112-6.

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Colvin, Marienne A., Katherine R. Kowal, Nicholas T. Hayman, Chris Stransky, Jeff VanVoorhis, Steve Carlson, and Gunther Rosen. "Pulsed exposure toxicity testing: Baseline evaluations and considerations using copper and zinc with two marine species." Chemosphere 277 (August 2021): 130323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130323.

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Mohd Mansor, Ahmad Fairuzabadi, Phirdaous Abbas, Taufik Hakim Hamdan, Yumi Zuhanis Has-Yun Hashim, and Anis Nurashikin Nordin. "Toxicity studies of agarwood essential oil in vero cells using electrical impedance sensor." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, no. 4-2 (December 17, 2017): 540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v13n4-2.841.

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Natural products have traditionally been used for medicinal purposes in Asian communities. Toxicity studies typically use animal testing to predict the harmfulness of a particular substance to human health. For this study, in lieu of animal testing, we utilize cell-based biosensors to evaluate the toxicity of natural products. The cell-based biosensors are fabricated on a printed circuit board with copper electrodes and are equipped with PDMS cell culture chambers. Two different electrodes (interdigitated and circular) were designed. Vero cells were used to represent normal healthy cells. The cells are first cultured on biosensors and then are inoculated with natural products, Taxol (chemo drug – positive control) and DMSO (negative control). Impedances of these biosensors were then recorded at six-hour intervals for 80 hours to determine the growth of the cells. It was found that compared to Taxol, natural products has a very low toxicant values.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Copper – Toxicity testing"

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Payne, Chris 1971. "Phylogenetic trends in phytoplankton resistance to Cd and Cu toxicity." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24033.

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Some species of marine phytoplankton are believed to be more tolerant of high concentrations of trace metals than others, but no conclusive test of this hypothesis has been conducted. Eleven species of phytoplankton representing 5 classes were grown in Aquil medium containing Cd$ sp{2+}$ concentrations between 10$ sp{-9.85}$ and 10$ sp{-6.84}$ M. Growth rates and intracellular concentrations of Cd, C, N and S were measured. Cadmium quotas (mol Cd/litre-cell volume) were lower in members of Bacillariophyceae than in Chlorophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cyanophyceae (ANOVA, p $<$ 0.001). Cellular C:S molar ratios decreased in phytoplankton grown at high (pCd 7.37-6.84) compared to low Cd (no added Cd), as S/litre-cell volume increased. Similar results were observed for C:N molar ratios. In two species that were examined, C:S ratios decreased as a linear function of increasing Cd concentration. Mean Cd$ sp{2+}$ concentration that reduced growth rate to 50% of maximum (pCd$ sp{50})$ was not significantly different among phytoplankton classes (ANOVA, p $<$ 0.05). When these experimental data were combined with pCd$ sp{50}$s calculated from published sources, Chlorophyceae were found to be the most resistant class (ANOVA, p $<$ 0.01). Cadmium and Cu resistance (pCd$ sp{50}$ and pCu$ sp{50})$ were correlated (r = 0.52, p $<$ 0.05), suggesting co-tolerance of phytoplankton to toxic levels of these metals. Chlorophyceae were most tolerant and Cyanophyceae the least tolerant of Cu (ANOVA, p $<$ 0.01). No significant differences were observed among Bacillariophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, and Dinophyceae, which were of intermediate sensitivity to both metals. The results confirm the existence of a phylogenetic dependence of resistance to trace metal toxicity in phytoplankton.
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Arnegard, Matthew E. "Toxicant-releasing substrates : a new method for delivering copper to microbial communities in SITU /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12162009-020200/.

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Garris, Heath W. "Feed comparison for dietary standardization of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus and assessment of parental dietary copper toxicity by fertilization and embryological tests." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008m/garris.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008.
Additional advisors: Marion Nipper, Robert A. Angus, Addison L. Lawrence. Description based on contents viewed May 30, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.
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Roberts, David A. School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Responses of Algal Epifauna to pulsed and chronic contamination of temperate Algal beds." 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43271.

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Contaminants may affect marine organisms through various pathways with impacts evident across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Organisms may encounter short pulsed exposures which contaminate surface waters for hours to days, or more persistent but patchy contamination of benthic habitats throughout their entire life-cycle. This thesis examines the responses of epifauna associated with macroalgae to a pulsed exposure of contaminants (storm-water input) and to chronic contamination via metal accumulation within temperate algal beds. The effects of storm water were monitored during a two-year survey of Sydney Harbour which sampled epifauna before and after heavy rainfall. Epifaunal assemblages declined throughout the harbour following storm events but for the most part these declines were not attributable to storm-water runoff. However, transient (< 4 d) and localized impacts of storm water upon physico-chemical characteristics of recipient water and some epifaunal groups were identified around storm drains. A novel field dosing technique tested the relative importance of freshwater and associated metals as causative agents of behavioural avoidance and direct mortality responses. Strong avoidance of storm-water plumes was found which could be entirely explained by freshwater inundation, with no additional effects of metals. No direct mortality was observed following brief exposures. Contaminants introduced by storm water may accumulate within the tissues of macroalgae and potentially pose persistent threats to epifauna. Colonisation of epifauna was reduced on algae with enhanced copper levels, and the nesting behaviour, feeding and survival of an abundant amphipod were all negatively affected by copper load. Subsequent field surveys identified sufficient copper, lead and zinc contamination in Sydney Harbour algal beds to pose direct toxic threats to epifauna. The abundance of herbivorous amphipods correlated negatively with the copper content of a common algal species. However, differences in metal accumulation between algal species resulted in spatially variable levels of contamination. Small-scale patchiness of contaminants within these landscapes may allow populations of mobile species to persist if contaminated hosts are avoided. In summary, epifaunal assemblages appeared resilient to storm-water pulses. Recovery of affected groups was rapid and large fluctuations in abundance appear to be part of the natural flux of epifaunal communities. In contrast, assemblages responded strongly to algal-bound contaminants and this has emerged as an important pathway of contaminant exposure and impact within algal habitats.
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Kruger, Taneshka. "Effects of zinc, copper and cadmium on Oreochromis mossambicus free-embryos and randomly selected mosquito larvae as biological indicators during acute toxicity testing." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1145.

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M.Sc.
Aquatic toxicology is the qualitative and quantitative study of toxic effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms. The main goal in toxicity testing is to predict, in combination with other environmental factors, with known accuracy, a concentration of a specific toxicant that will not harm a system and to make this prediction in a responsible and cost effective manner. There are a variety of unique toxicity tests, with fish being one of the most popular organisms to work with, due to being the best-understood organism in the aquatic environment and its commercial importance. Zinc, copper and cadmium are three biologically important heavy metals that are commonly used in various industries. Low concentrations zinc and copper are essential micronutrients for both plants and animals, but in higher concentrations they become toxic to the environment and its biota. Cadmium has a chemical structure similar to that of zinc and is often found in association with it, but it is a very toxic substance. The effects of zinc, copper and cadmium on the free-embryo life stage (yolk sac phase) of Oreochromis mossambicus were examined, for evaluation as a possible ¡§early life stage¡¨ fish lethality assessment. ¡§Fish early life stage tests¡¨ are considered to be relatively quick, comparable and inexpensive screening tools for testing effluents and chemicals. The yolk-sac stage is considered the most sensitive life stage in fish. O. mossambicus free-embryos feed endogenously and are indigenous to southern Africa and are therefore a good choice for lethality testing. The effects of the same metals on randomly selected Culicidae (mosquito) larvae were also tested. The reason for randomly selected larvae was to determine the possibility of doing toxicity testing without a species-specific culture. Mosquitoes are very common and well known due to being vectors of various human diseases. Recommendations towards future studies, to determine the usefulness of both O. mossambicus embryos and Culicidae larvae as biological indicator organisms, were also looked at.
Prof. G.J. Steyn
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Books on the topic "Copper – Toxicity testing"

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Stoddard, Jamey L. Effects of multi-generational exposure of Daphnia magna to copper. Bellingham, WA: Huxley College of the Environment, Western Washington University, 2007.

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Predicting the acute toxicity of copper in freshwater sediments: Evaluation of the role of acid-volatile sulfide. [Washington, D.C.?: Environmental Protection Agency, 1992.

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1959-, Ankley Gerald T., and United States. Environmental Protection Agency., eds. Predicting the acute toxicity of copper in freshwater sediments: Evaluation of the role of acid-volatile sulfide. [Washington, D.C.?: Environmental Protection Agency, 1992.

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Keel, Lester W. Sublethal toxicity of copper sulfate to the intertidal sea anemone, Anthopleura elegantissima. 1994.

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Vandersypen, Joan Pickens. The acid volatile sulfide approach as an indicator of the bioavailability of copper and cadmium in the sediment of Silver Creek, Washington. 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Copper – Toxicity testing"

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"Effects of Metals on Freshwater Macroinvertebrates: A Review and Case Study of the Correspondence of Multimetric Index, Toxicity Testing, and Copper Concentrations in Sediment and Water." In Biological Response Signatures, 307–32. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420041453-19.

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