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Journal articles on the topic 'Copper red'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Batool, Madiha, Muhammad Zahid Qureshi, Farwa Hashmi, Nida Mehboob, and Walid M. Daoush. "Adsorption of Congo Red (Acid Red 28) Azodye on Biosynthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 3 (2019): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21752.

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A green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and its removal efficiency of azodye were studied. Biosynthesis of stable copper oxide nanoparticles were preformed using Aloe barbadensis leaf extract as a size and shape-directing agent for preparing of spherical copper oxide nanoparticles by calcination at 400 °C. The leaf extract of Aloe barbadensis was prepared in deionized water. The produced copper particles were calcined at 400 °C to produce copper oxide nanoparticles. The characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles was performed by XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed that the average particle size was between 5-30 nm. The shape of the copper oxide nanoparticles was spherical and cubic. EDX of the synthesized nanoparticles showed the composition consists of 68 % copper. The UV-visible spectrum analysis confirms an absorption peak at 200-400 nm of the produced CuO nanoparticles. The FTIR analysis of the copper oxide particles indicate the presence of the organometallic Cu-O bond between Cu and O. The obtained copper oxide was used as a removing agent of Congo red dye. The effect of variables like concentration, time, pH, adsorbent dosage were studied. It was observed from the results that the maximum dye removal occurs at pH of 4, the concentration of nanoparticles was 1 mg/L and the maximum time for dye removal was 120 min. The Langmuir isotherm model was calculated to study the adsorption efficiency of the Congo red dye on the produced copper oxide nanoparticles. The kinetics of pseudo second order is followed by adsorption. The calculated sum of square was 0.012 and r2 = 0.98. it was observed that the model fit the best and straight line with r2 value of 0.991 and probability value of 1.6E-5. The nanoparticles remove 70 % of the Congo red dye from its solution. This showed that the copper oxide nanoparticles has efficient capacity of azodye degradation.

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2

Lu, Xi Zhao. "Laser Micro-Jet Processing on Red Copper." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 2040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.2040.

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Red copper is difficult to process with laser for its high reflection rate and high density. On the contrary, with the development of Modern Laser Micro-Jet processing, the new Laser Micro-jet with 30μm and 130μm are utilized to process new area like red copper plate etc., new Laser Micro-jet with 30μm nozzle is redesigned as well as working experiment on red copper is carried out. Red copper is machining with the Laser Micro-Jet The experiment shows the methods can improve the red copper‘s machining quality, on the contrary, the result of experiment shows the new laser processing methods can machine red copper efficiently.

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3

Zhu, Jian, Huiping Duan, Yimin Yang, Li Guan, Wei Xu, Dongliang Chen, Jing Zhang, Lihua Wang, Yuying Huang, and Changsui Wang. "Colouration mechanism of underglaze copper-red decoration porcelain (AD 13th–14th century), China." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 4 (May 15, 2014): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514009382.

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Underglaze copper-red decoration,i.e.the copper colourant used to paint diversified patterns on the surface of a body and then covered by transparent glaze and fired at high temperature in a reductive firing environment, is famous all over the world. However, the red colouration mechanism generated by underglaze copper remains unclear. In particular, the fact that the edges of the red patterns are orange has been ignored in previous research. Here, non-destructive analysis has been carried out on a precious fragment of early underglaze red porcelain using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) and reflection spectrometry techniques. The results suggest that the copper content in the red region is higher than that in the orange region, and other colour generation elements do not have obvious content difference, indicating that the colour generation effect of the underglaze red product is related to the copper content. XANES analysis shows that the valence states of copper in the red and orange regions are similar and metal copper contributes to their hues. The results of reflection spectrometry demonstrate that tiny orange hues could be attributed to the Mie scatting effect. Therefore, light-scattering effects should be considered when researching the colouration mechanism of underglaze red.

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4

Mathur, R., H. Falck, E. Belogub, J. Milton, M. Wilson, A. Rose, and W. Powell. "Origins of Chalcocite Defined by Copper Isotope Values." Geofluids 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5854829.

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The origin of chalcocite is explored through a comparison of the copper isotope values of this mineral from supergene enrichment, sedimentary copper/red bed, and high-temperature hypogene mineralization around the world. Data from the literature and the data presented here (n=361) reveal that chalcocite from high-temperature mineralization has the tightest cluster of values of δCu65=0±0.6 in comparison to sedimentary copper/red bed δCu65=-0.9±1.0 and supergene enrichment δCu65=+1.9±1.8. Although the errors of the means overlap, large portions of the data lie in different values, allowing for distinguishing ranges for δCu65 of <−1‰ for sedimentary copper/red bed, between -1 and +1 for high-temperature hypogene, and >+1 for supergene enrichment chalcocite. The copper isotope values of sedimentary copper/red bed and supergene enrichment chalcocite are caused by redox reactions associated with the dissolution and transport of copper, whereas the tighter range of copper isotope values for hypogene minerals is associated with processes active with equilibrium conditions.

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5

Gou, Rui Jun, and Shu Hai Zhang. "The Bifurcate Fracture Analysis of Linear Red Copper Penetrator." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.213.

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Red copper has been widely used in shaped charge liner because of its good ductility. Red copper penetrator is the Linear Explosively Formed Penetrator (LEFP) with some length and energy which has been produced when linear red copper shaped charge liner is overturned under the effect of detonation production. Compared with some ordinary jets sword, it has some characteristics such as the broad range of stand-off, big cratering and obvious rear effect and may meet with many operating requirements in different environment. It has been discovered that the bifurcate fracture phenomenon of red copper penetrator will occur with the increase of stand-off when it is initiated on edge midpoint in its property test experiment, and results in the separating cratering on the target which influences its effect. The Propagation characteristics of detonation wave in explosive and the effect of detonation wave on red copper shaped charge liner are analyzed, and then the velocity change obtained by each element and the velocity relationship between each element are studied. So it can be drawn a conclusion that the velocity gradient is the main factor which results in the bifurcate fracture phenomenon of red copper penetrator. In addition, the theoretic analysis model of the bifurcate fracture in red copper penetrator is built. On the basis of modeling analysis and calculation, the criterion of the occurring bifurcate fracture and the measures avoiding the bifurcate fracture are put forward. The results agree well with that of experiments.

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6

Eo, Hye-Jin, and Byung-Ha Lee. "Coloration Characteristics of Copper Red Glaze." Korean Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 7 (July 27, 2013): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2013.23.7.399.

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7

Han, Bao Jun. "Investigation of Rare-Earth Salt Refiner on Purifying Effect of Impure Red Copper." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.436.

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A method to fabricate a new kind rare earth salt refiner for purifying impure red copper was introduced in present paper, and the application of which on deoxidization, conductivity and mechanical properties of impure red copper were also inspected by composition analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and mechanical properties test technologies. The effect mechanism of the rare earth salt refiner on the performance of red copper was discussed in detail in this paper.

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8

Zhou, Qingchao, Chengsi Wang, and Andy-Hsitien Shen. "Application of High-Temperature Copper Diffusion in Surface Recoloring of Faceted Labradorites." Minerals 12, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12080920.

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Owing to the high market values of natural sunstones in Oregon, a kind of artificially diffused red feldspar exhibited at the Tucson Exhibition at the beginning of this century, whose color origin is the same as that of natural sunstone (copper nanoparticles). However, the details of the artificial diffusion process are less disclosed, there is no systematic method to obtain such gemstones. In this paper, we developed the high-temperature copper diffusion process for the surface recoloring of faceted labradorites, which are partly buried in the diffusant. By optimizing the experimental parameters of high-temperature copper diffusion, we successfully recolored the faceted labradorites to red and light red. The gemological and spectroscopic characteristics of the recolored faceted labradorite were further characterized. The red and light-red faceted labradorites exhibited the unique surface plasmon resonance absorption peaks of copper nanoparticles near 580 nm, which is the origin of red color. The typical inclusions formed in the faceted labradorite is in the shape of “fire cloud”. The interface of red and light-red faceted labradorite that is in contact with the diffusant is less contaminated, we believe that the contamination could be further reduced or eliminated by optimizing the high-temperature copper diffusion process. The way that the sample is in contact with the diffusant partly is versatile and promising in the surface treatment of materials that have already been processed.

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9

Xue, Wei, Pierre Kennepohl, and John N. R. Ruddick. "Reacted copper(II) concentrations in earlywood and latewood of micronized copper-treated Canadian softwood species." Holzforschung 69, no. 4 (May 1, 2015): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0128.

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Abstract Electron paramagnetic resonance was used in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to quantify total copper and reacted copper retentions in MCQ and MCA treated Canadian red pine sapwood and western hemlock heartwood. Total copper retentions were distinctly different between earlywood and latewood of both softwood species examined. Earlywood of red pine sapwood had higher total copper content than the latewood, while western hemlock heartwood had higher total copper contents in latewood than earlywood. The reacted copper concentrations were similar in earlywood and latewood, reflecting a similar capacity of each to solubilize and complex the reacted copper.

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10

Shirshnev, P. S., R. M. Eremina, I. V. Yatsyk, Zh G. Snezhnaia, D. I. Panov, E. V. Shirshneva-Vaschenko, A. E. Romanov, and V. E. Bougrov. "The Electron Spin Resonance (Esr) Spectra of Potassium-Alumina-Borate Glass Doped with Copper Ions." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 57, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2018-0066.

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Abstract We investigate electron spin resonance (ESR), absorption, and photoluminescence spectra of potassium-boron copper-containing glasses. In previous works it was found, that the considered glasses demonstrate a red shift of photoluminescence. In present work, we provide an evidence on the formation in glasses specific copper-containing structures that can be responsible for the red shift of photoluminescence “copper” band.

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11

Buntem, Radchada, Blythe McCarthy, and Chawalit Khaokhiew. "Morphological Studies on Microstructure of Thai Ancient Glass Beads." Key Engineering Materials 702 (July 2016): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.702.8.

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Various ancient glass beads in prehistorical - historical period (around 2500-1200 BP) from the collection of the Banraiprachasawan local museum (A. Pisalee, Nakhon Sawan) were studied to determine elemental compositions and morphologies using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). The colors of the beads range from blue to red brown. From the EPMA data, all beads contain copper in the glass matrices. The SEM/EDX showed differences in the microstructures of the glass beads. The transparent blue, greenish blue and light green beads contain small particles of tin oxide while the opaque orange or red brown beads contain both copper oxide and tin oxide particles. The forms of copper oxide in the orange and red brown beads were proposed from previous work: Cu2O in the orange glass and copper metal in the red brown glass.

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12

Liu, Peng, Jian Ping Jiang, and Bai Lian Sun. "Interface and Bonding Strength of Explosively Welded T2/DT4C Laminate." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 1051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.1051.

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T2 red copper plate and DT4C electrical pure iron plate were cladded by explosive welding. Microcosmic analysis and bonding strength of the bonding interface were also studied. Results indicate that the welded zone appears periodical wavy metallurgical interface and obvious element diffusion occurs in the interfacial zone. In addition, no separation happens after the bonding strength test and tension-shear test and the broken zone takes place in the T2 red copper part of the samples, indicating that the bonding strength of the welded interface can get no less than the strength of T2 red copper.

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13

Xia, Xiang, Shi Kun Xie, and Li Ping Liao. "Weld Repairs of the Electroslag Casting Red Copper Crucible." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 1296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.1296.

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The paper analyses the manufacturability and difficulties in weld repairs of the electroslag casting red copper crucible with bent axle, work out the relevant measure. It is proved by experiment that large red copper product can be perfectly repairs by use suitable welding procedure.

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14

He, Wen, Yun Long Ai, Jia Yuan Ding, Li Liu, and Fei He. "Microwave Annealing of Cold Compression Deformation Red Copper." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1840–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1840.

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Annealing treatment of cold compression deformation red copper was heated by microwave. The feasibility of microwave heating technology applied to heat treatment of metallic materials, and the effect of annealing process on microstructure were discussed. The results show that the phenomenon of arc discharge do not occur during the process of microwave heating red copper, which illustrates that microwave can be used as heat source for heat treatment of metallic materials. When annealing condition is 510°C for 30min, the grains of deformation red copper undergo a transition from fibrous grain to equiaxial grain, and it completes recrystallization. Compared with traditional annealing treatment, microwave annealing treatment can prevent oxidation phenomenon of specimen surface effectively, reduce annealing temperature, shorten heating and holding time, reduce the consumption of energy greatly, and the degree of hardness decline is smaller under the same annealing condition.

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15

Liu, Xi, Yun-Zhi Yang, Chun-Hai Wang, and Kun-Lin Huang. "A Copper Cyanide Complex with Efficient Red Luminescence." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 8 (2013): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13143.

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Gaseous diffusion of diethyl ether into the solvothermal reaction mixture of copper cyanide (CuCN) with 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) in anhydrous acetonitrile leads to a copper cyanide complex Cu(CN)(bipy) (1) with a special helical chain structure. Solid-state luminescence experiments show that complex 1 can emit efficient red luminescence, and its possible emission mechanism was investigated in detail based on theoretical calculations. The results may be helpful for the design and synthesis of more efficient luminescent materials.

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16

Brun, N., L. Mazerolles, and M. Pernot. "Microstructure of opaque red glass containing copper." Journal of Materials Science Letters 10, no. 23 (1991): 1418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00735696.

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17

Goins, B., W. T. Phillips, R. Klipper, and R. Blumhardt. "LABELING RED BLOOD CELLS WITH COPPER-67." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 18, no. 2 (February 1993): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199302000-00034.

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18

Melnik, Milan, Luba Macaskova, and Clive E. Holloway. "Structural aspects of red copper(I) compounds." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 126, no. 1-2 (July 1993): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(93)85033-z.

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19

Rafique, Muhammad Asim, Adil Jamal, Zainab Ali, Shumaila Kiran, Sarosh Iqbal, Sofia Nosheen, Zulqarnain Ansar, and Md Belal Hossain. "Biologically Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles Show Considerable Degradation of Reactive Red 81 Dye: An Eco-Friendly Sustainable Approach." BioMed Research International 2022 (July 16, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7537955.

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Diospyros kaki leaf extract was used in this study as a favorable basis for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible spectroscopy approaches were used to characterize the biologically synthesized copper nanoparticles. The XRD analysis showed that copper nanoparticles were face-centered cubic structure. Various experimental levels like conc. of dye, concentration of Cu NPs, pH, reaction time, and temperature were optimized to decolorize reactive red 81 dye using the synthesized Cu NPs. Reactive red 81 dye was decolorized maximum using Cu NPs of 0.005 mg/L. Additionally, reactive red 81 dye was decolorized at its maximum at pH = 6 , temperature = 50 ° C . Our study reported that chemical oxidation demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) deduction efficacies were 74.56% and 73.24%. Further degradation study of reactive red 81 dye was also carried out. Cu NPs have the ability and promising potential to decolorize and degrade reactive red 81 dye found in wastewater.

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20

Brass, T. J., G. J. Keever, C. H. Gilliam, and D. J. Eakes. "STYRENE-LINED AND COPPER-COATED POTS AFFECT MAPLE GROWTH." HortScience 29, no. 7 (July 1994): 730b—730. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.7.730b.

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Red maple cultivars 'October Glory' and `Northwood' were grown in 7 gallon containers to determine the influence of styrene lining and copper coating of containers on container medium temperature and growth of red maple cultivars. Copper coating effectively reduced circling of roots at the container wall-medium interface. Root control with copper was less effective on `October Glory' (a more vigorous cultivar) than on `Northwood'. Height, caliper, and root dry weight also were less for `Northwood'. In the absence of copper, surface-root coverage was greater in foam - lined containers than in containers without foam where temperatures averaged 10°C higher.

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21

Benson, Jodi, and John Kelly. "EFFECT OF COPPER SULFATE FILTERS ON GROWTH OF BEDDING PLANTS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1144a—1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1144a.

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Height control is a major concern when growing bedding plants. Growth regulating chemicals are often applied to regulate height of bedding plant species. However, reductions in plant height have been observed when plants were grown under light with a high ratio of red to far red light. Light passing through clear double walled, acrylic panels filled with copper sulfate solution has a high red to far red ratio. This work examined the effect of growing tomatoes, peppers, pansies, petunias, geraniums, and impatiens under panels filled with 4, 8, and 16 percent copper sulfate solution. Plants were grown for approximately 3 weeks in cell packs, then data were taken on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Significant reductions in height (40-66%) were achieved by growing bedding plants under any of the copper sulfate concentrations.

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22

Noirot, Cécile, Laurent Cormier, Nadine Schibille, Nicolas Menguy, Nicolas Trcera, and Emiliano Fonda. "Comparative Investigation of Red and Orange Roman Tesserae: Role of Cu and Pb in Colour Formation." Heritage 5, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 2628–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5030137.

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This study aims at the characterisation of red and orange glass tesserae from the 4th-century Roman villa of Noheda (Spain). Due to the limited number of analyses available for such ancient materials, many questions remain unanswered about the production processes in the Roman period. Six samples were chosen for their hue variations, including two samples showing banded patterns of red and orange. Differences in copper speciation were investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and compared with colour and compositional variations obtained by EPMA. The shapes and sizes of colouring crystals could be investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscope imaging. The brown-red colour is due to metallic copper nano-particles and corresponds to a low-copper and low-lead group usually described in the literature. The orange samples and bands are coloured by copper oxide Cu2O nanoparticles with remaining Cu+ in the glass and have greater contents of Cu. Compositional analyses reveal that the same base glass is used in the red and orange bands with additions of Cu, Sn, Pb and probable Fe. Furthermore, based on our results and on the literature review, a high-copper low-lead group of glasses highlights the variability of compositions observed in cuprite colours.

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23

Berry, Steven M., Erika L. Bladholm, Elise J. Mostad, and Audrey R. Schenewerk. "Incorporation of the red copper nitrosocyanin binding loop into blue copper azurin." JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 16, no. 3 (December 14, 2010): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00775-010-0746-7.

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24

Liang, Junyi, Lele Guo, Yin Ding, Lei Xia, Yan Shen, Meng Qin, Qiang Xu, Yi Cao, and Wei Wang. "Genetically encoded red fluorescent copper(I) sensors for cellular copper(I) imaging." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 443, no. 3 (January 2014): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.101.

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25

Vengust, G., T. Svara, M. Goc, and D. Zele. "Enzootic ataxia associated with copper deficiency in a farmed red deer: a case report." Veterinární Medicína 60, No. 9 (July 15, 2016): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8444-vetmed.

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26

Shen, Keyu. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PRESSURE SENSITIVE PROPERTIES OF COPPER CONTAMINATED SOIL SOLIDIFIED BY MODIFIED RED MUD." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 27, no. 2 (May 16, 2019): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2019.9799.

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As a static method for testing pollution and strength of soil, the resistivity method has been used by many scholars, whereas few studies have been carried out on dynamic deformation monitoring by this method. To study the pressure sensitive properties of copper contaminated soils solidified by modified red mud, a series of unconfined compression tests were conducted. The compressive stress, strain and electrical resistivity in whole process were determined. Relationship between the resistivity and the parameters including stress, strain, red mud content, copper content, and curing age were analysed. Then the mechanism of electrical resistivity is revealed. Results indicate the stress-resistivity change rate follows the same trend as the stress-strain curve. The resistivity change rate follows the same rule as the strain change, indicating that the electrical resistivity can reflect the strain indirectly. The higher red mud content is, the better pressure sensitive properties of solidified soil is. A proper amount of copper can improve the pressure sensitivity of solidified soil, while excessive copper ions can reduce pressure sensitivity of solidified soil. These changes can be attributed to the pore water, iron oxide in red mud, tunnel conductive effect and conductivity percolation.

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27

Li, Dan, Guannan Wang, Yongjin Peng, Zhenhua Chen, Xianhui Gao, Liming Cheng, and Xifan Mei. "Development of ratiometric sensing and white light-harvesting materials based on all-copper nanoclusters." Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 3 (2019): 1086–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8na00224j.

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28

Lê Anh, Mai, Alexander Wolff, Martin Kaiser, Sivathmeehan Yogendra, Jan J. Weigand, Julia Pallmann, Eike Brunner, Michael Ruck, and Thomas Doert. "Mechanistic exploration of the copper(i) phosphide synthesis in phosphonium-based and phosphorus-free ionic liquids." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 43 (2017): 15004–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt03083e.

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29

Wang, Xuan, Caicheng Long, Zixin Jiang, Taiping Qing, Kaiwu Zhang, Peng Zhang, and Bo Feng. "In situ synthesis of fluorescent copper nanoclusters for rapid detection of ascorbic acid in biological samples." Analytical Methods 11, no. 36 (2019): 4580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01627a.

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Schematic presentation of the in situ synthesis of fluorescent copper nanoclusters for rapid determination of ascorbic acid is provided. After addition of ascorbic acid, copper(ii) is reduced to copper(0) and then clustered on dsDNA, thus producing red-emission CuNCs.

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30

Shen, Jiadong, Duosheng Li, Boming Xu, Xiaolei Xiong, Jiyuan Guan, and Youbin Gao. "Study on the Corrosion Characteristics of Grounding Materials in Acid Red Soil." Coatings 12, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020111.

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The corrosion of grounding materials seriously threatens the safe operation of the power system. The corrosion resistance of four typical grounding materials as carbon steel, galvanized steel, Zn–Al-coated steel, copper was studied in acid red soil. The results show that carbon steel, galvanized steel, Zn–Al-coated steel, copper exhibit different corrosion resistance behaviors, respectively. The corrosion rate of these grounding materials usually increases first and then slowly decreases. Pitting corrosion is the main corrosion feature of carbon steel. The corrosion rate of carbon steel is the largest compared to the other three grounding materials. The corrosion rate of galvanized steel is higher than that of copper. Copper has a low corrosion rate and exhibits good corrosion resistance, but the cost of copper is high and it causes heavy metal pollution. The corrosion rate of Zn–Al-coated steel is the lowest compared to the other three grounding materials, and it has the best corrosion resistance.

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31

Zhu, Xiayoue, Tiffany W. Victor, Ashwin Ambi, Joseph K. Sullivan, Joshua Hatfield, Feng Xu, Lisa M. Miller, and William E. Van Nostrand. "Copper accumulation and the effect of chelation treatment on cerebral amyloid angiopathy compared to parenchymal amyloid plaques." Metallomics 12, no. 4 (2020): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9mt00306a.

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32

Struve, Daniel K. "Effect of Copper-Treated Containers on Transplant Survival and Regrowth of Four Tree Species." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 11, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-11.4.196.

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Abstract Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), scarlet oak (Q. coccinea Muenchh.), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflura L.), and ‘Autumn Flame’ red maple (Acer rubrum L.) liners were produced in copper-treated (100 gm Cu(OH)2/1 white latex paint) or untreated black plastic 3.8 1 containers (Lerio C-700) in 1989. In spring 1990, liners were transplanted into field plots. Half the liners produced in untreated containers were root pruned just before transplanting, half were not. Liners grown in copper-treated containers were not root pruned before transplanting. Survival percentage was high for all species ranging from 92% for red maple to 65% for scarlet oak. Three years after transplanting, red and scarlet oak liners produced in copper-treated containers had higher survival rates (but not statistically significant) and greater regrowth (taller, greater trunk caliper and percent central leader formation) than liners produced in untreated containers, whether root pruned or not before transplanting. Regrowth of red maple and sweetgum were not affected by container type used during liner production. The study demonstrates species differences to transplanting; each species responds to transplant via a unique combination of growth characteristics. Transplant responses are expressed up to three years after transplanting.

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33

Tao, Y. L., C. H. Wang, H. Y. Xiang, G. R. Li, C. H. Li, and X. Liu. "A COPPER(I) COORDINATION COMPOUND WITH RED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE." Journal of Structural Chemistry 63, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0022476622010012.

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Schreiber, Henry D., M. Andrew Stone, and Amy M. Swink. "Novel red–blue dichroic glass containing copper nanocrystals." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 352, no. 6-7 (May 2006): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.11.041.

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Ding, Zhao Yong, Bao Min Sun, Yong Hong Guo, and Bing Hao Xu. "Effects of Sampling Substrate for Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 1341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.1341.

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Pyramid shaped pyrolysis flame is a new method for carbon nanotubes synthesis. Oxy-acetylene flame outside the frustum of pyramid shaped reactor provides the necessary high temperature environment, while carbon monoxide is used as the source of carbon, iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) as the source of catalyst precursor in reactor. In this experimental, substrate is the platform on which carbon nanotubes produced. The locations of 304 stainless steel and 201 stainless steel as substrates stayed in flame, 304 stainless steel pretreated or not, and different thickness of red copper and brass were studied. The results of 304 stainless steel substrate at the height of 10mm are the best, comparing with others at 7mm, 5mm, and 0mm heights. Although using 201 stainless steel as substrates has the same results, the results of it are not as good as 304 stainless steel. Pretreated 304 stainless steel as substrate can gain better properties of carbon nanotubes. Different thickness of brass and red copper can not get carbon nanotubes, only copper oxide on the surface of red copper while particles on brass.

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Koebke, Karl J., Leela Ruckthong, Jennifer L. Meagher, Emilie Mathieu, Jill Harland, Aniruddha Deb, Nicolai Lehnert, et al. "Clarifying the Copper Coordination Environment in a de Novo Designed Red Copper Protein." Inorganic Chemistry 57, no. 19 (September 18, 2018): 12291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01989.

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Shang, Zhongyi, Zhiqing Zhang, and Qingchao Zhou. "Identification of Some Gem-Quality Red and Green Feldspars." Crystals 14, no. 5 (April 27, 2024): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14050409.

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Sunstone is a member of the feldspar group. Natural sunstones from Oregon exhibit unique optical effects and hold significant market value. However, since 2008, there has been a persistent issue of diffused red feldspars masquerading as natural sunstones in the market, severely undermining consumer confidence in purchasing natural sunstones. Fluorescence characteristics under 305–335 nm ultraviolet excitation are considered an effective method for distinguishing copper-diffused red feldspars from natural sunstones. In this paper, through detailed analysis and testing of ten market-acquired red and green feldspar samples, including UV-vis spectra, microscopic characteristics, fluorescence spectra, and chemical compositions, we validate the efficacy of fluorescence characteristics in identifying copper-diffused feldspars. The results verify the widespread prevalence of copper diffusion treatment in market-acquired red and green feldspars, shedding light on their treatment history and providing valuable insights for jewelry consumers. This research not only enhances our understanding of sunstone treatments but also strengthens the reliability and applicability of fluorescence spectroscopy in gemstone identification, offering promising prospects for its broader adoption in the jewelry market.

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Abu-Amsha, Rima, Kevin D. Croft, Ian B. Puddey, Julie M. Proudfoot, and Lawrence J. Beilin. "Phenolic Content of Various Beverages Determines the Extent of Inhibition of Human Serum and Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation in Vitro: Identification and Mechanism of Action of Some Cinnamic Acid Derivatives from Red Wine." Clinical Science 91, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0910449.

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1. An antioxidant effect of phenolic substances in red wine to reduce oxidizability of low-density lipoprotein has been proposed as the basis for a relatively lower incidence of coronary disease in populations with high red wine intake. We have now investigated the possible antioxidant effects of various beverages, including red wines, white wines, beers and red grape juices (diluted 1:500), on metal ion-dependent (copper) and -independent (aqueous peroxyl radicals) oxidation of isolated human low-density lipoprotein. We also tested the effects of these beverages on copper-initiated oxidation of lipoproteins in serum. 2. The higher the polyphenolic content of a beverage, the greater was its antioxidative effect measured as change in lag time in the different oxidation systems. Upon stripping the polyphenolics from the drinks, the lag times returned to control levels in isolated low-density lipoprotein; however, the low concentrations of phenolics remaining after stripping had a lesser but still significant effect on oxidation of lipoproteins in serum. The inhibitory effect of these phenolics appeared to be more pronounced for metal ion (copper)-induced oxidation than for those induced by aqueous peroxyl radicals, suggesting that both copper-binding and free radical-trapping activities may be involved. A mixture of the carboxylic acids representative of those present in red wine exhibited no significant effect on lag time of metal iondependent and -independent low-density lipoprotein oxidations. Ethanol, at concentrations of 0.1–0.5%, had no effect on either copper-induced or aqueous peroxyl radical oxidations. 3. Extracts of acid-hydrolysed red wine were separated by thin-layer chromatography and the most active antioxidant fractions identified. GC-MS and HPLC analysis of these fractions resulted in the identification of several cinnamic acid derivatives, such as coumaric acid, caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid. Dose—response studies using the pure compounds indicated that caffeic acid was the most active antioxidant with an IC50 < l μmol/l for copper-initiated low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Caffeic acid (1 μmol/l) significantly inhibited lipid hydroperoxide formation while sparing α-tocopherol consumption. Caffeic acid at the same concentration also inhibits aqueous peroxyl radical-induced oxidation of low-density lipoprotein, sparing α-tocopherol. There was no evidence of caffeic acid preventing the binding of copper to low-density lipoprotein. 4. We conclude that phenolics in both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages can give dose-dependent protection against oxidation of low-density lipoprotein. Caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid are two compounds likely to contribute to these effects. These findings may be relevant to the putative cardiovascular-protective effects of high phenolic content alcoholic beverages such as red wine; however, the widespread occurrence of antioxidants such as caffeic acid in fruits and vegetables suggests that these protective principles are not limited to red wine.

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Irawati, Wahyu, Vania A. C. Timotius, Ruben P. Adhiwijaya, and Eunike B. Marvella. "Karakterisasi Resistensi dan Dekolorisasi Berbagai Pewarna Oleh Bakteri Indigen Indonesia Escherichia coli Strain CN5." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 14, no. 2 (October 15, 2022): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.2202.

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The development of the textile industry in Indonesia is increasing the amount of dye waste produced. Copper is often a component of dyes, both of which harm aquatic ecosystems because they cannot be degraded. These problems can be overcome by bioremediation using bacteria isolated from polluted waters, called indigenous bacteria. It is hoped that indigenous bacteria can degrade textile waste and reduce copper toxicity in waters. This study aims to characterize, test resistance, and test the decolorization of the Indonesian indigenous bacterial isolate CN5 to dye and copper. There are 12 kinds of dyes used, namely: methylene blue, malachite green, congo red, mordant orange, reactive black, direct yellow, basic fuchsin, reactive orange, disperse orange, remasol red, wantex yellow, and wantex red. Resistance and decolorization tests on solid medium were carried out by growing bacterial cultures into luria bertani agar medium, each of which added a different type of dye. The dye concentrations tested were 100 ppm and 500 ppm. The ability to decolorize is known from the presence of a clear zone around the bacterial colony. The percentage of decolorization was tested using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 300-900 nanometers. Bacterial identification was carried out by 16S-rRNA sequencing. The results showed that CN5 isolates had a base similarity of 100% with Escherichia coli, so hereinafter referred to as E. coli strain CN5 could grow at 200 ppm and 500 ppm methylene blue, malachite green, congo red, mordant orange, reactive black, direct yellow, reactive orange, disperse orange, red remasol, yellow wantex, and red wantex but did not grow on fuchsin basic dye. Colonies of E. coli strain CN5 were only able to decolorize methylene blue with a concentration of 200 ppm and 500 ppm seen from the clear zone formed around the colony. The decolorization of methylene blue that occurred was 92.47%. The addition of copper reduced the decolorization ability to 75.59%. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the E. coli strain CN5 has the potential to be used as a bioremediation agent for textile waste containing copper and methylene blue.Key words: dye; E. coli; copper; decolorization; resistant

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Messaoudi, Boulanouar, Tarik Attar, and Naceur Benhadria. "DFT Study of Some Copper Complexes and Their Detection Limit." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 16, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht16.02.185.

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A theoretical investigation was probed to shed light on the correlation between low detection limit (LOD) in AdSV technique and metal trace complexes stability energy. The study was conducted by means of DFT calculations of copper traces complexation by using three different organic molecules as chelating agents, such as: morin, red pyrogallol and thymolphtalexone. The quantum chemistry calculations were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level implemented in Gaussian 09 program package. The results of the electrophilicity index ω indicate that all the studied molecules have a tendency to exchange electron with copper. The negative values of free energy G and enthalpy H show that the complexation reactions are spontaneous in nature and exothermic. According to DFT calculations, copper-red pyrogallol complex with better detection limit (0.07 ng•mL-1) has the lowest total energy (-5100.213 a.u.). Thus, there is a very strong relationship between the total energy of the three complexes and their detection limits in AdSV technique. Hence, the more stable complex has the better detection limit value.

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Zheng, Yan, Xue Jin Zhou, Yun Tao Gao, Sheng Li Huang, Ruo Sen Yuan, Jian Hong Li, and An Fei Hu. "Ultrasonic-Assisted Oxalic Acid Extraction of Copper from Plateau Red Soil and Tessier Speciation Evaluation." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2368.

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Abstract. The copper in plateau red soil was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted oxalic acid. Tessier fractional extraction method was used to evalute copper speciation. The result showed that the biggest extraction rate was 69%. Compared with oscillation extraction, the extraction rate of ultrasonic extraction was increased by 7.18% under the condition of 0.1 mol/L oxalic acid, 20:1 of liquid-solid ratio and 30 min of extraction time. Ultrasound could promote the oxalic acid extraction of copper from plateau red soil effectively, which could be attributed the success to the activation effect of ultrasound on bound to carbonates speciation and bound to iron and manganese speciation.

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42

Li, Gen, and Yong Lei. "The computational simulation of the reflection spectra of copper red glaze." AIP Advances 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 095319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0095570.

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Owing to the limitation of traditional analytical methods, the coloration mechanism of copper red glaze has been disputed in the academic field for a long time, which mainly focuses on whether the color agent is metallic copper nanoparticles or cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles. Based on Mie scattering theory, this work calculated the reflection spectra of nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in transparent glaze with different types, diameters, and volume fractions, then discussed the differences between the reflection spectra of metallic copper and cuprous oxide as scatterers, calculated the corresponding L*a*b* values, and compared them with the experimental results. This work provides a feasible and convenient method to distinguish these two coloration mechanisms.

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Khan, Rohit, Mahbub Mayukh Rishad, Muhammad Abu Idris, Amsm Sharfuzzaman Rubel, and Quazi Tarikul Islam. "Acute Copper Sulfate Poisoning: a case report." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 35, no. 2 (May 13, 2024): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v35i2.72627.

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Copper Sulfate known as a powerful oxidizing agent and it can lead to widespread cellular damage, depending upon the dose ingested. The systemic effects of poisoning are seen primarily on red blood cells, gastrointestinal system, kidneys and cardiovascular system. The ingestion of poison can be lethal in severe cases. We reported the case of a 16-year-old girl who presented to the emergency department after ingestion of an unknown amount of copper sulfate 3 days earlier. On admission to the hospital, she had upper abdominal pain, vomiting and red colored urine with a normal serum copper level. She underwent symptomatic treatment and was monitored for 3 days. The outcome was favorable, and she had no signs and symptoms of organ failure. Bangladesh J Medicine 2024; 35: 114-117

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Singh, Varinder, Abdullah M. Abudayyeh, Matthew G. Robb, and Sally Brooker. "Mono-copper far more active than analogous di-copper complex for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution." Dalton Transactions 51, no. 10 (2022): 4166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2dt00141a.

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Two metal ions are not better than one: new bimetallic 2 (blue), with no NH in the macrocyclic framework, is inactive, whereas literature monometallic 1 (red), with an NH group in the macrocyclic framework, is an active HER electrocatalyst.

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45

Pereira, H. Jessica, Oliver S. Hutter, G. Dinesha M. R. Dabera, Luke A. Rochford, and Ross A. Hatton. "Copper light-catching electrodes for organic photovoltaics." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 1, no. 4 (2017): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7se00077d.

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Liu, Xiong, Weiping Cai, and Huijuan Bi. "Optical Absorption of Copper Nanoparticles Dispersed within Pores of Monolithic Mesoporous Silica." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 5 (May 2002): 1125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0166.

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Nano-sized copper particles are loaded into the pores of monolithic mesoporous silica by soaking and drying, followed by thermal reduction of copper nitrate [Cu(NO3)2]in a hydrogen atmosphere at 973 K for 90 min. It has been shown that copper nanoparticles are isolated from each other and highly uniformly dispersed inside the pores of silica. It is found that the surface plasmon resonance peak of the copper particles shows a significant red-shift with decreasing the particle size, which is in contrast to the corresponding fully embedded system. The peak decreases with exposure time to air and exhibits a linear relation with logarithmic exposure time. This red-shift phenomenon and decrease are explained on the basis of the structural features of this new composite or coexistence of local porosity and the nanoparticle's free surface in contact with air.

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Belov, D. V., M. V. Maximov, S. N. Belyaev, T. I. Devyatkina, and G. A. Gevorgyan. "Effect of azo compounds on structure and mechanical properties of copper coating electrodeposited on oxidized aluminum alloys." Perspektivnye Materialy 6 (2021): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2021-6-40-59.

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This article discusses a new method for producing copper electrolytic coatings with high performance properties applied to oxidized aluminum alloys. The purpose of this work is to reveal the effect of the azo compound additive, methyl red (MR), on the structure and physicomechanical properties of copper coatings deposited on oxidized aluminum. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the microstructure and adhesive properties of the copper coating formed on oxidized aluminum alloys were determined, and the physical and mechanical properties of the copper coating (microhardness, open porosity, adhesion) were connected with the action of an azo dye in the copper plating electrolyte. Samples of aluminum alloys AD1M and AMg6BM were subjected to anodic treatment under the same conditions in two oxidation electrolytes of various compositions. The process of applying a copper coating to samples of oxidized aluminum alloys was carried out using a standard copper plating electrolyte. The comparison was carried out with a copper plating electrolyte of the same composition, in which an additive of azo dye, methyl red (MR). The use of this technology will not only increase the reliability and durability of machine parts and mechanisms, but also restore old ones, which is an important and relevant scientific and technical task.

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K, APPAVU, and SREE RAMULU U.S. "DISTRIBUTION OF COPPER IN SOIL." Madras Agricultural Journal 78, March Augest (1991): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01839.

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The distribution of total and available copper and their relationship to different soil properties were studied in twenty three soil profiles representing seven major soil series of Namakkal Taluk in Tamil Nadu. The total copper content varied from 12.6 to 105.5 ppm and increased with depth. Laterite soils contained more of total copper than black, alluvial and red soils and the total copper was closely related to available copper, clay, silt, calcium carbonate, fine and coarse sand. The available copper content varied from 0.20 to 1.13 ppm and the content showed an irregular distribution with reference to depth. Alluvial soils contained more of available copper than others.

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de Cecco, Bianca, Franciéli Molossi, Lauren de Mello, Matheus Bianchi, and Saulo Pavarini. "Chronic copper poisoning in a sheep." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 15, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24070/bjvp.1983-0246.v15i2p118-120.

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Clinical History: A one-year-old female Texel sheep had anorexia and jaundice. After one day, the clinical condition progressed to lethargy, lateral recumbency, and death within hours. The sheep was part of a flock of 20 housed indoors and received an increasing amount of feed (specific for sheep) for the last two months. Gross Findings: The sheep was in excellent body condition. The carcass was discolored by marked icterus. In the subcutaneous tissue, there was multifocal petechiae and ecchymosis. The kidneys had a deep red-brown discoloration. The urinary bladder was distended and filled with dark red to black urine. The liver was slightly soft and swollen, with a deep orange hue. The gallbladder was distended and filled with dark grumous bile.

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50

Odabasi, Ersin, Mustafa Turan, Ahmet Aydin, Cemal Akay, and Mustafa Kutlu. "Magnesium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, and Selenium Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. Can Magnesium Play a Key Role in Osteoporosis?" Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 37, no. 7 (July 15, 2008): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v37n7p564.

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Introduction: There has been a resurgence of interest in studies concerning the role of elements in the development and maintenance of the skeleton. The aim of the study was to assess the plasma and red blood concentrations of some elements in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: Seventy-seven postmenopausal women with osteoporosis aged 61 years (median interquartile range, 7.5; range, 46 to 74) and 61 age- and BMI-matched healthy postmenopausal women aged 60 years (median interquartile range, 8.0; range, 44 to 76) were included in the study. Element concentrations in plasma and red blood cells including magnesium (Mg), zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in both postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and healthy postmenopausal women. Results: Only statistically significant difference between the osteoporotic (51.51 [15.40] μg/mL) and healthy subjects (54.54 [15.42] μg/mL) was observed in red blood cell (RBC) magnesium concentration (Z = -2.07, P = 0.039). However, no significant difference was found between patient and control groups, both in plasma and in red blood concentrations, for zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium. Conclusion: Mg levels in red blood cells are significantly lower in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. It is concluded that Mg transport mechanism(s) into the cell could be affected in patients with osteoporosis. Key words: Copper, Magnesium, Manganese, Osteoporosis, Selenium, Zinc

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