Relevant bibliographies by topics / COPPER PHOSPHORUS

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Academic literature on the topic 'COPPER PHOSPHORUS'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "COPPER PHOSPHORUS"

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Puziy, Alexander M., Olga I. Poddubnaya, Barbara Gawdzik, Magdalena Sobiesiak, and Myroslav Sprynskyy. "Structural Evolution of Polyimide-Derived Carbon during Phosphoric Acid Activation." C 8, no. 3 (September 19, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c8030047.

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Carbon adsorbents were obtained by carbonization of polyimide polymer with and without the presence of phosphoric acid at temperatures in the range of 400–1000 °C. Carbons produced in the presence of phosphoric acid have been demonstrated to contain up to 13.2% phosphorus. The structure of phosphorus-containing compounds was investigated by XPS and 31P MAS NMR methods. Deconvolution of the P 2p peak with variable binding energy showed the presence of only phosphates/polyphosphates. However, a low value of the O/P ratio is an indirect indication of the possible presence of phosphonates. A 31P MAS NMR study revealed the existence of several kinds of phosphates as well as a minor quantity (1–9%) of phosphonates. All discovered phosphorus-containing compounds are acidic and therefore give carbon the ability to absorb metal cations. The study of copper ion adsorption demonstrated that phosphorus-containing carbon shows a significant adsorption capability even in extremely acidic conditions. At pH 3–6, phosphorus-containing carbon may completely remove copper from the aqueous solution. Phosphorus-containing carbon has a higher adsorption capacity for copper ions than ion exchange resins with carboxyl or sulfo groups.
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Abdreimova, R. R., F. Kh Faizova, and A. A. Karimova. "Copper (II) Catalyzed Oxidative Alkoxylation of White Phosphorus. Communication 2." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 12, no. 3,4 (May 19, 2010): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj54.

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White phosphorus has been catalytically oxidized by oxygen in alcoholic solutions of copper (II) acetylacetonate, halides or carboxylates to yield dialkyl phosphites and trialkyl phosphates under mild reaction conditions. Trialkyl phosphite has been observed as unstable organophosphorus intermediate, which is being converted into the main reaction products. In the case of methanolic solutions, the derivatives of two step acidolysis of dimethyl phosphite, monomethyl phosphite and phosphorous acid, have been additionally detected among the reaction products. The influence of the copper (II) catalysts on the kinetics of accumulation and transmutation of organophosphorus products has been explored. It has been found that the Cu(II) compounds take a role of catalysts-electron-carriers from white phosphorus to oxygen. The indispensable molar ratio between catalyst and white phosphorus and the order of catalytic activity for the copper (II) compounds have been established. The major steps of the catalytic reaction including (i) the coordination of white phosphorus and alcohol to metal ion, (ii) the redox decomposition of this intermediate complex accompanied by reducing elimination of elementary copper and formation of organophosphorus product and (iii) the oxidation of the reduced form of catalyst by oxygen have been<br />also suggested.
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Abdreimova, R. R., F. Kh Faizova, and A. A. Karimova. "Copper (II) Mediated Oxidative Alkoxylation of White Phosphorus. Communication 1." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 12, no. 3,4 (May 19, 2010): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj53.

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White phosphorus has been oxidized by copper (II) acetylacetonate, halides or carboxylates in aliphatic alcohols to yield dialkyl phosphates and trialkyl phosphates under inert atmosphere and mild reaction conditions. Trialkyl phosphite has been observed as unstable organophosphorus intermediate, which is being converted into the main reaction products. In the case of methanolic solutions, the derivatives of two step acidolysis of dimethyl phosphite, monomethyl phosphite and phosphorous acid, have been additionally detected among the reaction products. The influence of the copper (II) oxidants on the kinetics of accumulation and transmutation of organophosphorus products has been explored. The order of oxidative ability of the copper (II) compounds has been established. The major steps of the reaction including (i) the coordination of white phosphorus and alcohol to metal ion and (ii) the redox decomposition of this intermediate complex accompanied by reducing elimination of elementary copper and formation of organophosphorus product have been also suggested.
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de Iorio, A. F., L. Gorgoschide, A. Rendina, and M. J. Barros. "Effect of phosphorus, copper, and zinc addition on the phosphorus/copper and phosphorus/zinc interaction in lettuce." Journal of Plant Nutrition 19, no. 3-4 (March 1996): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169609365137.

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Rokosz, K., T. Hryniewicz, Ł. Dudek, A. Schütz, J. Heeg, and M. Wienecke. "Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy Mapping of Porous Coatings Obtained on Titanium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in a Solution Containing Concentrated Phosphoric Acid with Copper Nitrate." Advances in Materials Science 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2016-0013.

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Abstract The SEM and EDS study results of coatings obtained on titanium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) in the electrolytes containing of 600 g copper nitrate in 1 liter of concentrated phosphoric acid at 450 V for 1 and 3 minutes, are presented. The obtained coatings are porous and consist mainly of phosphorus within titanium and copper. It was found that the time of PEO oxidation has impact on the chemical composition of the coatings. The longer time of PEO treatment, the higher amount of copper inside coating. The PEO oxidation of titanium for 1 minute has resulted in the creation of coating, on which 3 phases where found, which contained up to 13.4 wt% (9 at%) of copper inside the phosphate structure. In case of 1 minute PEO treatment of titanium, the 2 phases were found, which contained up to 13 wt% (8 at%) of copper inside the phosphate structure. The copper-to-phosphorus ratios after 1 minute processing belong to the range from 0.28 by wt% (0.14 by at%) to 0.47 by wt% (0.23 by at%), while after 3 minutes the same ratios belong to the range from 0.27 by wt% (0.13 by at%) to 0.35 by wt% (0.17 by at%). In summary, it should be stated that the higher amounts of phosphorus and copper were recorded on titanium after PEO oxidation for 3 minutes than these after 1 minute.
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Wu, Guangxue, and Michael Rodgers. "Inhibitory effect of copper on enhanced biological phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 7 (October 1, 2010): 1464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.431.

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Copper inhibition of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was examined in batch experiments under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Inhibition was represented by both acetate uptake and phosphorus release coefficients under anaerobic conditions, and by a phosphorus uptake coefficient under aerobic conditions. The results showed that copper inhibition of EBPR occurred mainly during aerobic phosphorus uptake and a first-order phosphorus uptake coefficient can be better used to describe the inhibition effect. For the aerobic phosphorus uptake using the EBPR activated sludge, (i) copper inhibition started at 0.07 mg/l, (ii) 50% and 100% inhibition occurred at 0.30 mg/l and 0.53 mg/l, respectively, and (iii) the inhibition constant was 0.48 mg/l.
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Baghdadi, Amirhossein, Zainuddin Sajuri, and Junaidi Syarif. "Study on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of New Cu-Al Bi-Metal Tubes Versus Pure Copper Tubes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 420 (September 2013): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.420.160.

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In recent years, heating, ventilation and air condition (HVAC) industries have attempted to find alternative materials such as aluminum for replacing copper metal because of a light weight metal with relatively lower market price compared to copper. This study characterizes microstructure and tensile properties of new Cu-Al bi-metal tubes (aluminum cladded copper (ACC) and copper cladded aluminum (CCA)) versus copper phosphorous alloy tube in order to estimate the possibility of implementing the composite tubes in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning industries. The result shows that Cu phosphorus alloy tubes has the highest tensile properties followed by CCA and ACC bi-metal tubes and different tube size does not affect the tensile properties of tube of the same type.
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Shrestha, Shashi, Sadikshya Thapa, and Sanjay Kumar Jha. "Nutrient Analysis of Selected Wild Edible Mushrooms Collected from Thulo Ban Community Forest, Myagdi District, Nepal." Journal of Plant Resources 21, no. 1 (August 3, 2023): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdpr.v21i1.57197.

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The study analyzes the nutrient content of three wild edible mushrooms Cantharellus cibarius, Laccaria laccata and Scleroderma cepa commonly consumed by the local people of Arjam, Myagdi district. Thirteen parameters were analyzed such as ash, carbohydrate, fat, moisture, protein, manganese, zinc, magnesium, potassium, iron, copper, phosphorus and calcium. The test methods used for ash, fat, moisture, protein and phosphorous content were ignition, soxhlet extraction, oven dry method, kjeldahl digestion method and spectrophotometric method respectively. Carbohydrate content was determined by calculation method and iron, manganese, copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and potassium content estimation were done by AAS method. All macro and micronutrient compositions were determined on a dry weight basis. Ash, carbohydrate, fat, moisture and protein are ranges from 7.05-13.38%, 61.89-71.37%, 0.78-1.94%, 12.37-13.66% and 16.18-24.47% respectively, whereas calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium ranges from 0.13-0.15 µg/g, 0.09-0.11µg/g, 0.25-0.37 µg/g and 1.41-3.40 µg/g respectively. Similarly copper, iron, manganese and zinc ranges from 2.40-30.94 µg/g, 0.08-0.20 µg/g, 7.22-16.06 µg/g and 45.70-77.35 µg/g respectively.
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Balart, Maria J., Jayesh B. Patel, and Zhong Yun Fan. "Grain Refinement of Phosphorus Deoxidised Copper." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.161.

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DHP-Cu has been modified with small additions of nanosized MgO particles, with and without P and B additions; and Mg, B, Ti and Al additions to investigate their effect on the grain structure under TP1 casting condition. In comparison to a reference DHP-Cu cast sample which exhibited mainly coarse columnar grains, a coarse equiaxed grain structure has been achieved with a single addition of nanosized MgO particles to a residual content of 34 ppm Mg. Whereas no grain refinement has been observed with nanosized MgO particles and P and B additions to a residual content of 109 ppm and 0.15% (nominal), respectively, and with a single addition of Mg to a residual content of 16 ppm. The combined additions of B and Ti, and B and Al to a nominal residual content slightly beyond the DHP-Cu specification have produced excessive coarsening of grains. Keywords: nanosized MgO particles; grain refinement; DHP-Cu
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Graydon, J. W., and D. W. Kirk. "Suspension Electrodeposition of Phosphorus and Copper." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 137, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 2061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2086865.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "COPPER PHOSPHORUS"

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Mazzeo, Paolo Pio <1986&gt. "Crystal Engineering of bright luminescent copper iodide clusters with phosphorus and nitrogen-based ligands." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6389/1/TesiDottoratoMazzeo.pdf.

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Copper(I) halide clusters are recently considered as good candidate for optoelectronic devices such as OLEDs . Although the copper halide clusters, in particular copper iodide, are very well known since the beginning of the 20th century, only in the late ‘70s the interest on these compounds grew dramatically due their particular photophysical behaviour. These complexes are characterized by a dual triplet emission bands, named Cluster Centred (3CC) and Halogen-to-Ligand charge transfer (3XLCT), the intensities of which are strictly related with the temperature. The CC transition, due to the presence of a metallophylic interactions, is prevalent at ambient temperature while the XLCT transition, located preferentially on the ligand part, became more prominent at low temperature. Since these pioneering works, it was easy to understand the photophysical properties of this compounds became more interesting in solid-state respect to solution with an improvement in emission efficiency. In this work we aim to characterize in SS organocopper(I)iodide compounds to valuate the correlation between the molecular crystal structure and the photophysical properties. It is also considered to hike new strategies to synthesize CuI complexes from the wet reactions to the more green solvent free methods. The advantages in using these strategies are evident but, obtain a single crystal suitable for SCXRD analysis from these batches is quite impossible. The structure solution still remains the key point in this research so we tackle this problem solving the structure by X-ray powder diffraction data. When the sample was fully characterized we moved to design and development of the associated OLED-device. Since copper iodide complexes are often insoluble in organic solvents, the high vacuum deposition technique is preferred. A new non-conventional deposition process have also been proposed to avoid the low complex stability in this practice with an in-situ complex formation in a layer-by layer deposition route.
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Mazzeo, Paolo Pio <1986&gt. "Crystal Engineering of bright luminescent copper iodide clusters with phosphorus and nitrogen-based ligands." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6389/.

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Copper(I) halide clusters are recently considered as good candidate for optoelectronic devices such as OLEDs . Although the copper halide clusters, in particular copper iodide, are very well known since the beginning of the 20th century, only in the late ‘70s the interest on these compounds grew dramatically due their particular photophysical behaviour. These complexes are characterized by a dual triplet emission bands, named Cluster Centred (3CC) and Halogen-to-Ligand charge transfer (3XLCT), the intensities of which are strictly related with the temperature. The CC transition, due to the presence of a metallophylic interactions, is prevalent at ambient temperature while the XLCT transition, located preferentially on the ligand part, became more prominent at low temperature. Since these pioneering works, it was easy to understand the photophysical properties of this compounds became more interesting in solid-state respect to solution with an improvement in emission efficiency. In this work we aim to characterize in SS organocopper(I)iodide compounds to valuate the correlation between the molecular crystal structure and the photophysical properties. It is also considered to hike new strategies to synthesize CuI complexes from the wet reactions to the more green solvent free methods. The advantages in using these strategies are evident but, obtain a single crystal suitable for SCXRD analysis from these batches is quite impossible. The structure solution still remains the key point in this research so we tackle this problem solving the structure by X-ray powder diffraction data. When the sample was fully characterized we moved to design and development of the associated OLED-device. Since copper iodide complexes are often insoluble in organic solvents, the high vacuum deposition technique is preferred. A new non-conventional deposition process have also been proposed to avoid the low complex stability in this practice with an in-situ complex formation in a layer-by layer deposition route.
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Gove, Lindsey. "Effects of biosolid application to agricultural land on the potential for transport of nutrients (N & P) and heavy contaminants (Cd, Cu, Pb & Zn) in soils." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271314.

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Natheer, Adel Mohsin. "Interactions between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus, zinc and copper in some crops of semi-arid regions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278200.

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Hopkins, W. A. "Chemistry and applications in lubricating fluids of complexes of iron, copper and zinc with organo-phosphorus and sulphur ligands." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370119.

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Caniatto, Amanda Raquel de Miranda. "Minerais orgânicos e fitase como redutores do poder poluente de dejetos suínos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-12052011-081909/.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização da enzima fitase e de minerais orgânicos (Cu e Zn) na dieta de suínos visando a redução do poder poluente dos dejetos. Foram utilizados 16 suínos com idade média de 68 dias, alocados na câmara climática, em gaiolas de metabolismo para coleta de fezes e urina. Os animais foram mantidos em duas faixas de temperaturas ambientais: conforto térmico e estresse térmico, e submetidos aos tratamentos: controle (T1); suplementação com minerais orgânicos (T2); suplementação com fitase (T3); suplementação com minerais orgânicos e fitase (T4). As fezes e a urina foram analisadas quanto à concentração de P, N, Na, K, Cu, Zn, Ca. Mensurou-se também temperatura retal e superficial dos animais, volume de fezes e urina excretadas, assim como o consumo de água e ração. Observou-se que o estresse térmico afetou a temperatura retal e superficial, além do volume de fezes excretadas (P<=0,05). A excreção de Zn e Ca foram reduzidas com a utilização da enzima fitase, enquanto que o Cu e Zn orgânicos beneficiaram o Zn, Ca e P (P<=0,05). O estresse térmico aumentou significativamente a excreção de Cu, enquanto a de Na foi reduzida (P<=0,05). Embora não tenha ocorrido interação na atuação da enzima fitase e dos minerais orgânicos, estes aditivos contribuíram com a redução da excreção de minerais.
This study aimed to evaluate the use of phytase and organic minerals (Cu and Zn) in pig diets in order to reduce the power of polluting waste. Sixteen pigs at the age of 68 days, were allocated in metabolism studies cages for collection of feces and urine, in a climatic chamber. The animals were kept in two tracks of ambient temperatures: thermal comfort and heat stress, and subjected to the treatments: control (T1); organic minerals supplementation (T2); phytase supplementation (T3); organic minerals and phytase supplementation (T4). Feces and urine were analyzed for P, N, Na, K, Cu, Zn and Ca concentrations. It was also measured rectal temperature, body surface temperature, feces and urine volume and the food and water consumption. The results had shown that heat stress affected the rectal and superficial temperature, and excreted feces volume (P<=0,05). The Zn and Ca excretion were reduced with the phytase use, whereas organic Cu and Zn benefited Zn, Ca and P (P<=0,05). The heat stress significantly increased Cu excretion, while Na was reduced (P<=0,05). Although there was no interaction on the activity of phytase and organic minerals, these additives contributed to the excretion reduction of minerals.
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Koehorst, Robin Russell. "The influence of phosphorous, copper, zinc and arbuscular mycorrhiza on growth, photosynthetic processes and financial viability of artemisia afra grown in a simulated marginial soil of the Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2025.

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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013.
This study evaluated the effects of supplementary phosphorus, copper and zinc alone and in conjunction with arbuscular mycorrhiza on Artemisia afra grown in a simulated soil medium. The treatments consisted two groups. Group A had no mycorrhizal inoculation and 1) no supplementary fertilization, 2) supplementary zinc application, 3) supplementary copper 4) supplementary phosphorus 5) supplementary zinc and copper, 6) supplementary zinc and phosphorus, 7) supplementary copper and phosphorus, 8) supplementary zinc, copper, and phosphorus. Group B had mycorrhizal inoculation in combination with 9) no supplementary fertilization, 10) supplementary zinc application, 11) supplementary copper 12) supplementary phosphorus 13) supplementary zinc and copper, 14) supplementary zinc and phosphorus, 15) supplementary copper and phosphorus, 16) supplementary zinc, copper, and phosphorus. There was also a pilot study into the pH range most suitable for the cultivation of A. afra in a hydroponic system, which was used to refine the mycorrhizal investigation, as pH has influences with regards to nutrient uptake of plants.
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Lawrence, Christophe L. "Effects of Feeding Phytase Enzyme and HAP Corn on Solubility of Phosphorus, Copper, and Zinc in Turkey Manure and Manure-Amended Soils." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33718.

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Manure from turkey poults on five diets were extracted both fresh (wet) and after drying. Soils amended with wet manure were also extracted. Phosphorus, Cu, and Zn were extracted with 0.01 M CaCl2 and acidic Mehlich III extractant (Zn in soil extracts was not evaluated). Dietary treatments were (1) normal phytic acid (NPA) corn and 0.135% inorganic P (NPA diet); (2) NPA corn, 600 units phytase enzyme, and 0.135% inorganic P (NPA+Phyt diet); (3) High available phosphorus (HAP) corn and 0.135% inorganic P (HAP diet); (4) HAP corn, 600 units phytase, and 0.135% inorganic P (HAP+Phyt diet); (5) NPA corn and 0.345% inorganic P (NPA+P diet). The NPA+P diet was similar to conventional diets being fed commercially. The NPA+Phyt diet was similar to alternative, phytase-amended diets being fed commercially. Feeding the alternative NPA+Phyt, HAP, and HAP+Phyt diets instead of the NPA+P diet reduced total P in manures by 40%, but increased the percentage of total manure P extracted with 0.01 M CaCl2 from fresh excreta (P < 0.05). Soils amended with wet NPA+Phyt, HAP, and HAP+Phyt manures released 29 to 49% more water-soluble P than soils amended with NPA+P manure on an equal-P basis (P < 0.05). Feeding the NPA+Phyt diet instead of the NPA+P diet did not affect the percentage of total P manure extracted by Mehlich III from wet excreta, while feeding the HAP and HAP+Phyt diets increased the percentage of total manure P soluble in Mehlich III (P < 0.05). Soils amended with wet NPA+Phyt manure did not release more Mehlich III-extractable P than soils amended with NPA+P manure on an equal-P basis. Soils amended with wet HAP and HAP+Phyt manures released more Mehlich III-extractable P than soils amended with NPA+P manure on an equal-P basis (P < 0.05). Treatment-induced differences in extractability of manure and soil P appeared to be caused by a higher proportion of P in calcium phosphate form in the NPA+P manure. Drying manures prior to extraction generally heightened differences in solubility of P between the NPA+P and other manures. Feeding the alternative NPA+Phyt, HAP, and HAP+Phyt diets instead of the NPA+P diet did not affect total Cu levels in manure or the percentage of total Cu extracted from manure with 0.01 M CaCl2. After soils were treated with manure on an equal-Cu and equal-N basis, soils amended with NPA+Phyt, HAP, and HAP+Phyt manures released more water-soluble Cu than NPA+P-amended soils (P < 0.05). Under P-based manure management, soils amended with the three alternative manures released 92 to 108% more water-soluble Cu than NPA+P-treated soils (P < 0.05). Extractable Cu increased so dramatically because conversion to the alternative diets boosted total manure loadings by 67%. Mehlich III extraction of soils amended with manure on an equal-N and -Cu basis indicated no effect of manure type on Cu availability. Feeding the NPA+Phyt, HAP, and HAP+Phyt diets instead of the NPA+P diet did not affect total Zn levels in excreta, but caused at least a five-fold increase in the percentage of total manure Zn extracted by 0.01 M CaCl2 from fresh excreta (P < 0.05). Feeding the NPA+Phyt, HAP, and HAP+Phyt diets did not alter the percentage of total manure Zn extracted by Mehlich III from wet excreta.
Master of Science
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Charlton, Alex. "Long-term impacts of zinc and copper on microbial biomass, phosphatase enzyme activities, and the mineralisation of organic phosphorus in sludge amended soils." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12259.

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The agricultural demand for inorganic phosphate fertilisers needs to be reduced whilst the dependence on more sustainable sources of phosphorus, such as sewage sludge, is increased. However, the presence of heavy metals in sewage sludge pose a threat to soil microorganisms and can inhibit the action of phosphatase enzymes if present in high concentrations. The long-term impact of Zn and Cu on soil microorganisms and phosphatase enzyme activity was investigated at four field sites from the Defra ‘Long-Term Sludge Experiment’ in order to determine the overall impact on organic phosphorus mineralisation. Following the final applications of sludge in 1997, the total concentrations of Zn and Cu at each site were comparable to the UK statutory limits for sludge amended soils. Almost 20 years later 63-91 % of the applied metal loadings still remained and total concentrations of Zn and Cu were found to be significantly higher in contaminated soils, in comparison to untreated soil, and soils receiving uncontaminated sewage sludge. A significant correlation between exchangeable and total metal concentration could still be seen in soils contaminated with Zn, whereas the solubility of Cu was found to be very low (< 1 %); though a significant percent remained bound to soil organic matter. No long-term decrease in microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) could be detected in the contaminated soils at any of the sites. However analysis of ergosterol showed an increase in the proportion of microbial biomass carbon derived from fungi. Significant changes were also observed in the PLFA profiles of microbial communities within contaminated soils, indicating the microbial community has adapted and become tolerant to the heavy metal contamination. Combining results using meta-analysis indicated that Zn and Cu caused an increase in fungal biomass carbon of approximately 25-35 % in comparison to soil receiving uncontaminated sludge. Whereas overall decreases of 16 and 8 % were seen for Cmic in soils contaminated with Zn and Cu, respectively, indicating a loss of bacterial biomass from the contaminated soils. Hence, the current UK statutory limits may not be sufficient to prevent changes in soil microbial community and a reduction in the limits set for sludge amended soils is recommended in order to protect microbial diversity. No long-term decrease in the activity of phosphomonoesterase was detectable in the contaminated soils. However combining the results using meta-analysis indicated phosphomonoesterase activity per milligram of biomass carbon was greater in soils contaminated with Cu. This may be an indication that Cu is inhibiting extracellular phosphatase enzyme activity within the soil environment, though this remains undetermined. Orthophosphate, phosphomonoesters, and pyrophosphate were the predominant forms of phosphorus within the applied sludge treatments; a broad phosphodiester signal was also present. Overall, the greatest range of organic phosphorus forms was seen in the uncontaminated sewage sludge. However, no difference in the range of organic phosphorus compounds was observed between the untreated and sludge amended soils at the field sites investigated. It was therefore concluded that the organic phosphorus content of sludge amended soils is returning to that of untreated soil, with no long-term interference caused by the presence of Zn and Cu.
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Bissessar, Damien. "Synthèse de nouveaux composés phosphorés : vers de nouveaux additifs pour polymères et des complexes cuivreux luminescents innovants." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE029.

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Ce travail de thèse s’est inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet en relation étroite avec une industrie chimique. La problématique initiale concerne le développement de nouvelles molécules antioxydantes permettant de protéger les matériaux plastiques. Dans un premier temps, la stratégie envisagée s’appuie sur la synthèse de phosphines par hydrophosphination, réaction répondant aux principes de la chimie verte. La réaction est hautement régiosélective et la simplicité de la synthèse a permis d’obtenir de nombreuses nouvelles phosphines qui ont alors été testées pour leurs propriétés anti-oxydantes. Nous avons pu identifier plusieurs structures originales répondant au cahier des charges. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié la faisabilité de développer de nouveaux additifs antioxydants secondaires à base de dérivés phénoliques, dont le cardanol qui est une molécule biosourcée. De nombreuses nouvelles molécules phosphorées ont été synthétisées, complètement caractérisées et évaluées pour leurs propriétés anti-oxydantes. Enfin, nous avons essayé de valoriser nos nouveaux composés pour d’autres applications. Les phosphines étant d’excellents ligands pour les métaux de transition, nous avons étudié la chimie de coordination avec le cuivre(I) en espérant former des complexes cuivreux luminescents. En effet, l’élaboration de diodes électroluminescentes stables reste un défi technologique malgré toutes les avancées actuelles. Dans ce contexte, de nombreux nouveaux complexes de type cubane ont été synthétisés et entièrement caractérisés. Ces complexes tétranucléaires sont des structures intéressantes, faciles à synthétiser, avec d’excellents rendements quantiques. Ces complexes présentent une stabilité élevée et des propriétés de luminescence qui en font de très bons candidats pour des dispositifs en optoélectronique
This thesis work was part of a project in collaboration with a chemical industry. The topic is the development of new antioxidant molecules to protect plastic materials. Initially, the strategy envisaged was based on the synthesis of phosphines by hydrophosphination, reaction in accordance with the green chemistry principles. The reaction is highly regioselective and the simplicity of the synthesis allowed us to obtain many new phosphines which were then tested for their antioxidant properties. We were able to identify several original structures that meet the requirements. In a second step, we studied the feasibility of developing new secondary antioxidant additives based on phenolic derivatives, including cardanol, which is a biosourced molecule. Many new phosphorus molecules have been synthesized, completely characterized and evaluated for their antioxidant properties. Finally, we tried to apply our new compounds for other applications. Since phosphines are excellent ligands for transition metals, we studied coordination chemistry with copper (I), hoping to form luminescent copper complexes. Indeed, the development of stable light-emitting diodes remains a technological challenge despite all the current advances. In this context, many new cubane-type complexes have been synthesized and fully characterized. These tetranuclear complexes are interesting structures, easy to synthesize, with excellent quantum yields. These complexes exhibit high stability and luminescence properties, which make them very good candidates for optoelectronic devices
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Books on the topic "COPPER PHOSPHORUS"

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Twiss, Michael Robert. The influence of phosphorus nutrition on copper tolerance in Scenedesmus. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Speiran, Gary K. Processes affecting phosphorus and copper concentrations and their relation to algal growth in two supply reservoirs in the lower coastal plain of Virginia, 2002-2003, and implications for alternative management strategies. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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J, Belliardo J., and Commission of the European Communities. Community Bureau of Reference., eds. Certification of the elemental composition of BCR reference material No.183: Containing carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, sulphur, phosphorus and copper. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Resolution of inquiry requesting the President to transmit to the House of Representatives copies of certain documents in the possession of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency: Report (to accompany H. Res. 995). Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.

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Sha, W., X. Wu, and K. G. Keong. Electroless copper and nickel-phosphorus plating. Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857090966.

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Balakrishna, Maravanji S. Copper(I) Chemistry of Phosphines, Functionalized Phosphines and Phosphorus Heterocycles. Elsevier, 2019.

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Balakrishna, Maravanji S. Copper(I) Chemistry of Phosphines, Functionalized Phosphines and Phosphorus Heterocycles. Elsevier, 2019.

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Copper(I) Chemistry of Phosphines, Functionalized Phosphines and Phosphorus Heterocycles. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2017-0-02350-9.

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Wu, Xiaomin, W. Sha, and K. G. Keong. Electroless Copper and Nickel-Phosphorus Plating: Processing, Characterisation and Modelling. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2011.

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Electroless Copper and Nickel-Phosphorus Plating: Processing, Characterisation and Modelling. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "COPPER PHOSPHORUS"

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Gordon, P., L. Ferguson, and P. Brown. "Soil and nutritional requirements." In The fig: botany, production and uses, 255–76. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0010.

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Abstract This paper explores the soil and nutritional requirements of Ficus carica. The macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur) and micronutrients (iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and boron), salinity and sodicity, and production practices of F. carica are discussed.
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Brumovský, Milan. "Effects of Copper, Phosphorus and Nickel on Radiation Damage in Astm a 533-B Type Steel." In Ninth International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors, 821–26. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118787618.ch86.

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Spittel, Marlene, and Thilo Spittel. "Flow stress, mechanical and physical properties of phosphorous deoxidised copper (Cu-DHP)." In Part 3: Non-ferrous Alloys - Heavy Metals, 136–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14174-4_9.

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Spittel, Marlene, and Thilo Spittel. "Flow stress, mechanical and physical properties of extra low phosphorous copper (Cu-PHC)." In Part 3: Non-ferrous Alloys - Heavy Metals, 132–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14174-4_8.

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Toyoda, T., T. Masujima, H. Shiwaku, A. Iida, and M. Ando. "Photoacoustic Response to X-Ray Absorption in Copper, Phosphor Bronze, and Brass." In Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena III, 138–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47269-8_33.

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Sha, W., X. Wu, and K. G. Keong. "Crystallisation of nickel–phosphorus (Ni–P) deposits with high phosphorus content." In Electroless Copper and Nickel–Phosphorus Plating, 141–62. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857090966.2.141.

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Sha, W., X. Wu, and K. G. Keong. "Crystallisation of nickel–phosphorus (Ni–P) deposits with medium and low phosphorus content." In Electroless Copper and Nickel–Phosphorus Plating, 163–82. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857090966.2.163.

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"Cu-P-Sn (Copper-Phosphorus-Tin)." In Non-Ferrous Metal Systems. Part 3, 355–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47004-5_31.

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"Ag-Cu-P (Silver-Copper-Phosphorus)." In Non-Ferrous Metal Systems. Part 3, 38–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47004-5_8.

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Sha, W., X. Wu, and K. G. Keong. "Applications of electroless copper deposits." In Electroless Copper and Nickel–Phosphorus Plating, 135–38. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857090966.1.135.

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Conference papers on the topic "COPPER PHOSPHORUS"

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Sandstro¨m, Rolf, and Henrik C. M. Andersson. "Creep During Power-Law Breakdown in Phosphorus Alloyed Copper." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/creep2007-26518.

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Copper alloyed with 50 ppm phosphorus (Cu-OFP) is selected for canisters for nuclear waste packages to avoid a low creep ductility, which is sometimes present in pure copper. The operating temperatures of these canisters are in the range from 0 to 100°C. Creep readily takes place in copper even at room temperature. At temperatures below 100°C, creep is well inside the power-law breakdown regime. The creep exponent is in the range from 30 to 100. Since creep models for this situation are missing in the literature, a new model for the minimum creep rate based on fundamental principles for climb and glide has been derived. This model gives the correct order of magnitude for the creep rate in the temperature range from 20 to 400°C without the use of fitted parameters. Design against creep can either be based on the total applied stress or the effective stress. In the first case the constitutive equations can be directly obtained from the minimum experimental creep rates. A new approach is proposed to handle the effective stress case, which is based on the initial creep rates. The φ-model is used to relate the initial creep rate to the minimum one. It is shown how the constitutive equations for the creep rate and the back stress can be transferred to multiaxial stress states for use in FE-modelling.
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Mindubaev, A. Z., E. V. Babynin, E. K. Badeeva, and Y. A. Akosah. "Strain Aspergillus niger AM1 – a living organism resistant to white phosphorus." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.172.

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Copper sulphate has no effect on the growth of aspergill in a media with white phosphorus. We compared the white phosphorus resistance of A. niger AM1 with three strains from the All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms. Highest resistance was observed in AM1.
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Yamauchi, Y., S. Miyaji, M. Akabayashi, R. Tanaka, F. Yoshino, H. Hideshima, T. Hanamachi, S. Hirano, and N. Aikawa. "Influence of Phosphorus and Tin Content on Various Characteristics of Cold-Sprayed Copper Coatings." In ITSC 2016, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. DVS Media GmbH, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2016p0316.

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Abstract Cold-sprayed copper coatings tend to be brittle and their electrical conductivity is inferior to that of the bulk material. In order to solve these problems, conventionally, it has been attempted to recover the metallic structure by heat treatment. This study, however, focuses on the effects of phosphorus and tin with the aim of improving cold spray copper coatings by optimizing the impurity content of Cu powder. It is shown that, by adjusting the content of P and Sn, dense copper coatings can be obtained with high ductility and electrical conductivity equal to that of the bulk material.
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Wu, Rui, Lai-Zhe Jin, and Rolf Sandstro¨m. "Influence of Multiaxial Stresses on Creep Properties of Phosphorus Alloyed Oxygen Free Copper." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77693.

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Phosphorus alloyed oxygen free copper (Cu-OFP) canisters are planned to be used for spent nuclear fuel in Sweden. The copper canisters will be subjected to creep under multiaxial stress states in the repository. Creep tests have therefore been carried out using double notch specimens having a notch acuity of 0.5 in Cu-OFP at 75°C. The creep results from the notched specimens are compared with those from the smooth ones. It shows that the creep lifetime for notched specimens can be estimated to be two orders of magnitude or more longer than that for the smooth ones, indicating notch strengthening for the investigated Cu-OFP material. Metallographic examinations after failure show that pores and creep cavities to a limited extent are observed only adjacent to fracture. To interpret the tests for the notched creep specimens, finite element computations have been performed with a new basic model for primary creep without fitting parameters. The creep strain versus time could be simulated successfully. Initially the stresses at the notches are almost twice as high as in the centre of the specimens. The highest stresses are relaxed rapidly. At the studied temperature 75°C, the creep exponent of Cu-OFP is about 85, thus, deep down in the power-law breakdown regime. This contributes strongly to the homogenous stress distribution across the centre section. Since the redistribution of stresses has taken place before large creep deformation has occurred, the specimens are not notch sensitive in agreement with observations.
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Okros, Adalbert, Casiana Mihut, Anisoara Duma-Copcea, Carmen Claudia Durau, and Codruta Chis. "ELABORATION OF A FERTILIZATION PLAN: A CASE STUDY." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.32.

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This study presents a fertilization plan in Zadareni, Arad County, Romania, on an area of 113 ha cultivated with soybean and maize. The identified soils were mostly chernozem (108 ha) and eutricambosol (5 ha). Twenty-three soil samples were collected and, based on the soil analyses performed in the laboratory and on the specific consumption by the plants as kg/ha active substance, a series of calculations were made regarding the need for fertilizers for the two crops. A fertilisation plan was then elaborated taking into account the need for fertilizers on each plot, depending on area, soil type, soil properties, and crop. Results highlighted the fact that, on chernozem, there was a good content in humus, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and copper, with restrictions only in texture, clay-clayey, and the content in magnesium found in excess, which can raise problems in the development of plants, with the risk plant phytotoxicity. On eutricambosol, the content in humus, magnesium and copper was good, with restrictions only in texture, clay, and the content in manganese found in excess, along with a poor phosphorus supply, which requires the application of larger quantities of phosphorus fertilizers. In conclusion, the two types of soil identified have good features; however, on some plots, the soil has a poorly alkaline reaction, which requires the application of gypsum amendments, a poor supply with humus, which requires organic fertilization, and manganese in excess, hindering the development of plants.
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Sui, Fangfei, and Rolf Sandström. "Fundamental Modelling of Mechanisms Contributing to Tertiary Creep in Copper at 215 and 250°C." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84288.

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Extensive creep tests have been performed on oxygen free copper with 50 ppm phosphorus at both low and high temperatures. It is the candidate material for storage of spent nuclear fuel in Sweden. Basic models without fitting parameters have been formulated to reproduce primary and secondary creep. For a long time, only empirical models existed for fitting of tertiary creep. To understand the role of creep damage, including recovery, cavitation and necking, basic models that do not involve adjustable parameters are in urgent demand. Only recently, basic models taking the relevant mechanisms into account have been developed. These models were used to predict the tertiary creep for copper at 75°C. The modelled results were compared with experimental creep curves and good agreement has been found. In the present paper, the models are applied to creep tests at higher temperatures (215 and 250°C). A similar representation with good accuracy is obtained. This demonstrates that the fundamental model for back stress is applicable for the higher temperature tests as well.
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Rozaimay, Ramizah, Tuan Zaharinie, Muhammad Nur Luqman, and Tadashi Ariga. "Microstructural Analysis of Porous Nickel Brazed to Copper and Stainless Steel using Different Brazing Filler Metals." In International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.141.20.

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The microstructures of brazing porous Nickel (Ni) to copper and stainless steel (Cu/Porous Ni/SS304) was investigated. A porous Ni with pore densities of 15 PPI (pores per inch) and filler with compositions of 72Ag-28Cu and 77.4Cu-9.3Sn-7P-6.3Ni (Ag: Silver; Cu: Copper; Sn: Tin; P: Phosphorus; Ni: Nickel) were employed. The brazing process was conducted at different brazing temperatures: 830˚C, 870˚C and 910˚C for 15 minutes brazing time with heating and cooling rate of 10˚C/min, respectively. The aim of this research is to analyse and compare the microstructure of using different types of filler metal in order for joint porous Ni to copper and stainless steel. According to the initial observations from an optical microscope (OM) after cross-section, the used of filler metal BAg-8 and VZ2250 acquired a bonding joining than the used of filler metal BAg-8 solely. Thus, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to characterise the bonding of microstructure of filler metal BAg-8 and VZ2250. Besides, the joint strength of Cu/Porous Ni/SS304 with filler metal BAg-8 and VZ2250 was evaluated with shear strength at different brazing parameters. Consequently, it can be concluded that used of filler metal BAg-8 and VZ2250 performed a better joint microstructure as compared to the used solely of filler metal BAg-8.
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Butenko, V. I., and D. V. Zimbikevich. "OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL CO-ACCEPTANCE OF FUNCTIONAL LAYERS AND COATINGS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.619-622.

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The results of comparative studies of the dependence of the operational properties of surfaces with functional layers and coatings deposited on them on their technological compatibility with the main material of the parts are presented. Investigations were carried out on parts with a copper-modified surface layer, a nickel-phosphorus coating, and multicomponent functional layers based on a polymer. It has been established that the same coating or functional layer on different materials shows different values of the coefficient of friction and the different nature of its change from the time of contact interaction with the counterbody, as well as different indicators of endurance and corrosion-fatigue strength, which is explained by their technological compatibility with the main material of the part, depending on the method of preliminary surface treatment.
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Chen, Nannan, Hongliang Wang, Jingjing Li, Vic Liu, and James Schroth. "Evolution of Interfacial Microstructure During Resistance Spot Welding of Cu and Al With Ni-P Coating." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-60759.

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Abstract Dissimilar materials of copper (Cu) to aluminum (Al) with nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) coatings were joined using resistance spot welding. The Ni-P coatings were electroless plated on the Al surfaces to eliminate the formation of brittle Cu-Al intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the faying interface between Cu and Al. Three welding schedules with various heat input were employed to produce different interfacial microstructure. The evolution of interfaces in terms of phase constitution, elemental distribution and defects (gaps and voids) was characterized and the formation mechanisms were elucidated. During the welding process, the bonding between Cu and Ni-P forms through solid-state diffusion, while the faster diffusion rate of Cu relative to Ni and P atoms promotes the generation of sub-micron voids. As the heat input increases, gaps at the Cu/Ni-P interface diminish accompanied by increase of sub-micron voids. A moderate schedule helps to remove the gaps and inhibits the void formation. An Al3Ni layer and nanovoids were found around the interface of Ni-P/Al. The increased heat input decreases the grain size of Al3Ni at the interface by eutectic remelting and increases the nanovoids by enhanced nanoscale Kirkendall effect.
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Selby, K., M. Urbanak, D. Colbourne, H. Leonhardt, P. Burnett, F. Machatschek, and S. Beviere. "Meeting the Lubrication Challenges of Heavy Duty Low Emission Diesel Engines." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63983.

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In recent years, legislative authorities in the US, Europe and Japan have steadily reduced engine exhaust emissions, i.e., carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), sulphur, particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) to improve air quality. To meet these requirements engine manufacturers have had to make significant design changes and as a consequence new engine lubricant specifications from Industry bodies (ACEA, EMA, JAMA) and individual OEMs have had to be introduced to ensure adequate lubrication of these new engines. This has led to significant changes to heavy-duty diesel engine oil (HDDEO) oil formulation composition. Engine design modifications to increase fuel combustion efficiency such as increased peak cylinder pressure and increased fuel injection pressures have placed higher stress on piston rings and liners, bearings and valve train components [1], and improved oil consumption has meant longer oil residence time in the piston ring belt area. The practice of retarded fuel injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) as measures to reduce NOx levels by reducing peak combustion temperature has had a considerable impact on lubricant performance. Retarded injection leads to higher soot levels which can cause valve train wear and piston ring liner wear and soot-induced thickening, whilst EGR leads to increased corrosive acids and wear in the combustion chamber. Currently in Europe, Euro 3 heavy-duty engines predominantly use retarded fuel injection as the primary NOx emission control strategy although there are cases where EGR is used. In the US, cooled EGR is used by most engine manufacturers to meet US 2002 emissions. HDDEO’s contain a combination of performance additives such as overbased metal detergents, dispersants, antiwear agents and antioxidants designed to provide wear protection, engine cleanliness, and control of soot contaminants and oxidation. Other additive components include selected viscosity index (VI) improvers and pour point depressants to provide necessary viscosity characteristics and shear stability, and also anti-foam agents for oil aeration control. To meet the increased demands from low emission engines, the chemical composition of the performance additives has been modified and levels increased. Current HDDEOs optimized to meet US and European specifications contain typically between 1.3 and 1.9%wt sulphated ash, 0.1–0.14%wt phosphorus and 0.3–1.1.wt sulphur. To meet the next generation emission standards, engines will require the use of exhaust after-treatment devices. In Europe, Euro 4 emission reductions for NOx and PM, scheduled for introduction in 2005, will require the use of either selective catalytic reduction, or the use of EGR in combination with a diesel particulate filter (DPF). To meet the US 2007 requirements, higher levels of EGR than currently used, in combination with DPFs, is envisaged by most engine builders. Exhaust after-treatment devices are already used extensively in some applications such as DPFs on city buses in Europe and the US. Further NOx restrictions are scheduled for Euro 5 in 2008 and USA in 2010. NOx absorber systems, although used in gasoline engines, are still under development for heavy-duty diesel engines and may be available for 2010. Some lubricant base oil and additive components from oil consumed in the combustion chamber are believed to adversely affect the performance of after-treatment devices. Ash material from metal detergents and zinc dithiophosphates (ZDTP) can build up in the channels within particulate filters causing blockage and potentially loss of engine power, leading to a need for frequent cleaning maintenance. The role of sulphur and phosphorus in additive components is less clear. Sulphur from fuel can either oxidize to sulphur dioxide and react through to sulphuric acid, which manifests itself as particulate, or can have a poisoning effect on the catalyst itself. However, the role of sulphur containing additives is yet to be established. Phosphorus from ZDTP antiwear components can lead to a phosphate layer being deposited on catalyst surfaces, which may impair efficiency. Concerns from OEMs regarding the possible effects of ash, sulphur and phosphorus has led to chemical limits being introduced in some new and upcoming engine oil specifications. The ACEA E6 sequence restricts sulphated ash to 1.0%wt max, phosphorus to 0.08%wt max and sulphur to 0.3%wt max, while the PC-10 category scheduled for 2007 will have maximum limits of 1.0%wt sulphated ash, 0.12%wt phosphorus and 0.4%wt sulphur. The resulting constraints on the use of conventional overbased metal detergent cleanliness additives and zinc dithiophosphate antiwear additives will necessitate alternative engine oil formulation technologies to be developed in order to maintain current performance levels. Indeed, performance requirements of engine oils are expected to become more demanding for the next generation engines where emissions are further restricted. If absorbers become a major route for NOx reduction, limits on sulphur and phosphorus are likely to be more restrictive. Oil formulations meeting ACEA E6 and PC-10 chemical limits have been assessed in several key critical lubricant specification tests, looking at valve train and piston ring/cylinder liner wear, corrosive wear in bearings, piston cleanliness and soot-induced viscosity control. It is demonstrated that it is possible to achieve MB 228.5 extended oil drain performance and API CI-4 wear, corrosion and piston cleanliness requirements for current US engines equipped with EGR [2], at a sulphated ash level of 1.0%wt, and phosphorus and sulphur levels, (0.05 and 0.17%wt, respectively), considerably lower than these chemical limits. This is achievable by the use of selected low sulphur detergents, optimized primary and secondary antioxidant systems and non-phosphorus containing, ashless supplementary antiwear additives blended in synthetic basestocks. Field trials in several city bus fleets have been conducted to assess engine oil performance and durability using one of these low sulphated ash, phosphorus and sulphur (SAPS) oil formulations and to examine lubricant effects on particulate filter performance. Engine oil durability testing was conducted in bus fleets in Germany and Switzerland. These trials, involving over 100 vehicles, cover a range of engine types, e.g., Daimler Chrysler and MAN Euro 1, 2 and 3 and different fuel types (low sulphur diesel, biodiesel, and compressed natural gas) in some MAN engines. The fleets are fitted with continuously regenerating particulate filters either from new or retrofitted. Oils were tested at standard and extended drain intervals (up to 60 000km). Used oil analysis for iron, copper, lead and aluminium with the low SAPS oil in these vehicles have shown low wear rates in all engine types and comparable with a higher 1.8% ash ACEA E4, E5 quality oil. Soot levels can vary considerably, but oil viscosity is maintained within viscosity grade, even at 8% soot loading. TBN depletion and TAN accumulation rates are low showing significant residual basicity reserve and control of acidic combustion and oxidation products. Buses in Stuttgart and Berlin have been used to investigate lubricant ash effects of engine oil on particulate filter durability. Exhaust back-pressure is routinely measured and DPF filters removed and cleaned when back pressure exceeds 100 mbar. Comparison of rate of back pressure build up as a function of vehicle distance shows reduced back pressure gradients for the low SAPS oil relative to the 1.8%wt ash oil in both engine types looked at. An average reduction in back pressure gradient of 40% was found in buses equipped with OM 906LA engines in Berlin and 25% with OM 457hLA engines at both locations. Examination of the ash content in DPFs has shown a 40% reduction in the quantity of ash with the low SAPS oil. This investigation shows that it is possible to meet current long oil drain requirements whilst meeting chemical limits for future lubricants and provide benefits in DPF durability.
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Reports on the topic "COPPER PHOSPHORUS"

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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Віліївна Бєлик, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, Герман Хайльмейер, Іван Панасович Григорюк, Ніна Олександрівна Хромих, and Тетяна Юріївна Лихолат. The Total Content of Macronutrients and Heavy Metals in the Soil on Devastated Lands at Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine). Geology-dnu-dp.ua, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4286.

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The relevance of the research is due to the need to develop technologies for phytoremediation of the devastated lands in the mining and metallurgical regions of Ukraine and the world. In this regard, the creation of tree plantations adapted to the ecological conditions of such territories is considered by many experts as the most promising option for innovative technologies. However, the development of artificial woodlands requires knowledge of the pedogeochemical character- istics of devastated lands. The aim of the work was to carry out a comparative analysis of the macronutrients and heavy metals gross forms content in the soils of the devastated lands of the Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical region. The field studies focused on five contrasting monitoring sites of the Petrovsky dump (Central Kryvorizhzhya), which has a typical age and composition of rocks for the region. Soil sampling, drying, sieving, and sample preparation (sintering in a muffle furnace) were done in accordance with classical techniques. The concentrations of macronutrients (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and phosphorus) and heavy metals (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium) were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS) X-Series 2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The analytical part of our research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of the Institute of Biosciences, Freiberg University of Technology and Mining Academy (Freiberg, Germany). At monitoring sites, significant differences were found in the content of macronutrients gross forms, and their variation relative to the control values as well. Potassium and sodium concentrations generally differed slightly or were close to control levels. The results of determining the content of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus indicate a significant deficiency or excess of these macronutrients in the soils of the devastated lands. An increased sulfur content was found in the soils of all monitoring sites, in some cases 4 times higher than the control level. The measured content of gross forms of iron, manganese, copper, cadmium and, partially, zinc in the soils of different monitoring sites exceeded the control values by 5.5 – 5.9 times. Thus, the analysis of the research results made it possible to establish that the soils of the devastated lands of the Petrovsky dump are characterized by unfavorable properties for the growth of most species of woody plants.
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2

Gray. L51567 Influence of Filler Wire Carbon and Residual Element Content on the Mechanical Properties. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010565.

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This study was conducted to determine the interactive roles of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and residual elements such as titanium, chromium, copper, sulfur, phosphorous, aluminum, tin, antimony, and arsenic on weld metal mechanical properties in pipeline steels. Eleven seamless, flux-core electrodes were fabricated with varying compositions and deposited in girth welds in a 24-inch diameter, API 5LX-65 pipe using the gas-metal-arc-weld (GMAW) process. The results of Charpy V-notch and crack-tip opening displacement tests indicate that desirable toughness properties may require the addition of alloying elements (e.g., nickel) that promote the formation of acicular-ferrite microstructures. In addition, small variations in sulfur content were shown to cause significant variability in notch toughness.
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