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Journal articles on the topic 'Copper mining in 19c'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Pompeani, David P., Byron A. Steinman, Mark B. Abbott, Katherine M. Pompeani, William Reardon, Seth DePasqual, and Robin H. Mueller. "ON THE TIMING OF THE OLD COPPER COMPLEX IN NORTH AMERICA: A COMPARISON OF RADIOCARBON DATES FROM DIFFERENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS." Radiocarbon 63, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 513–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2021.7.

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ABSTRACTThe Old Copper Complex (OCC) refers to the production of heavy copper-tool technology by Archaic Native American societies in the Lake Superior region. To better define the timing of the OCC, we evaluated 53 (eight new and 45 published) radiocarbon (14C) dates associated with copper artifacts and mines. We compared these dates to six lake sediment-based chronologies of copper mining and annealing in the Michigan Copper District. 14C dates grouped by archaeological context show that cremation remains, and wood and cordage embedded in copper artifacts have ages that overlap with the timing of high lead (Pb) concentrations in lake sediment. In contrast, dates in stratigraphic association and from mines are younger than those from embedded and cremation materials, suggesting that the former groups reflect the timing of processes that occurred post-abandonment. The comparatively young dates obtained from copper mines therefore likely reflect abandonment and infill of the mines rather than active use. Excluding three anomalously young samples, the ages of embedded organic material associated with 15 OCC copper artifacts range from 8500 to 3580 cal BP, confirming that the OCC is among the oldest known metalworking societies in the world.

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2

Northey, S., S. Mohr, G. M. Mudd, Z. Weng, and D. Giurco. "Corrigendum to “Modelling future copper ore grade decline based on a detailed assessment of copper resources and mining” [Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 83 (2014) 190–201]." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 154 (March 2020): 104598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104598.

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3

VOLKOVA, E. A. "HYDRO RESOURCES ARE OUR MAIN WEALTH." Urban construction and architecture 1, no. 4 (December 15, 2011): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.04.10.

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On the example of copper-ore enterprises in the Urals we show the level of their impact on the environment and local population. It is determined that the discharges of untreated mine and under dump waters promote high pollution level of heavy metal ions and sulphatescopper is from 190 to 1140 MAC, zinc is from 132 to 3500 MAC, manganese is from 110 to 738 MAC, nickel is from 10 to 12 MAC, cadmium is from 10 to 24 MAC.It is recommended to use electro dialysis method for treating dilute waste water generated in mining industry while developing poor chalcopyrite fields in order to create low-waste resource-saving productions aimed at systematic use of mined ore and recycling of valuable components preventing their loss with liquid and solid production wastes.

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4

Gorczyca, Zibigniew, Kazimierz Jeleń, and Tadeusz Kuc. "Gas Counting System for 14C Dating of Small Samples in the Kraków Laboratory." Radiocarbon 40, no. 1 (1997): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200017963.

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The application of traditional gas or liquid scintillation counting (LSC) is necessary for assessing radionuclide activity in countries without operating accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities. A simple and relatively inexpensive system of mini gas counters for measurement of radiocarbon in archaeological and environmental samples has been set up recently in the Kraków laboratory (Department of Environmental Physics, University of Mining and Metallurgy). The system is composed of a gas purification and counter filling line, three identical 15-mL copper/quartz counters, active and passive shielding, and an electronic unit with data acquisition. One counter measures 22 mg of carbon as CO2 with efficiency >95% at a background reduced to 0.044 cpm by a NaJ(Tl) guard counter and lead shield. The detection limit (1 σ) for a two-week measurement of 48 mL of CO2 is 0.52 pMC. The corresponding counting error of a 100 pMC environmental sample is 1.3 pMC for 22 mgC (one counter) and 0.75 pMC for 66 mgC (three counters filled with the same sample).

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5

Knierzinger, Wolfgang, Ruth Drescher-Schneider, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Simon Drollinger, Andreas Limbeck, Lukas Brunnbauer, Felix Horak, Daniela Festi, and Michael Wagreich. "Anthropogenic and climate signals in late-Holocene peat layers of an ombrotrophic bog in the Styrian Enns valley (Austrian Alps)." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 69, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-121-2020.

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Abstract. Using peat bogs as palaeoenvironmental archives is a well-established practice for reconstructing changing climate and anthropogenic activity in the past. In this paper, we present multi-proxy analyses (element geochemistry, pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, stable Pb isotopes, humification, ash content) of a 500 cm long, 14C-dated peat core covering the past ∼5000 years from the ombrotrophic Pürgschachen Moor in the Styrian Enns valley (Austrian Alps). Early indications of low settlement and agricultural activity date to ∼2900 cal BCE. An early enrichment of Cu was found in peat layers corresponding to the late Copper Age (∼2500 cal BCE). These enrichments are attributed to Cu mining activities in the Eisenerz Alps. More pronounced increases in cultural indicators (cultivated plants, shrubs, herbs, charcoal) in the pollen record and enrichments of trace metals suggest significant human impact in the vicinity of Pürgschachen Moor in the middle Bronze Age (∼1450–1250 cal BCE), in the late Bronze Age (∼1050–800 cal BCE) and in the period of the late La Tène culture (∼300 cal BCE–1 cal CE). The greater part of the Iron Age and the Roman imperial period are each characterized by a general decline in anthropogenic indicators compared to previous periods. Distinct enrichments of Pb and Sb in the sample that corresponds to ∼900 cal CE are attributed to medieval siderite mining activity in the immediate vicinity of Pürgschachen Moor. The results of this interdisciplinary study provide evidence that strong, climate-controlled interrelations exist between the pollen record, the humification degree and the ash content in an ombrotrophic environment. Human activity, in contrast, is mainly reflected in the pollen record and by enrichments of heavy metals. The study indicates a dry period in the region of the bog around ∼1950 cal BCE.

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6

Al Sidawi, Rami, Giorgi Ghambashidze, Teo Urushadze, and Angelika Ploeger. "Heavy Metal Levels in Milk and Cheese Produced in the Kvemo Kartli Region, Georgia." Foods 10, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092234.

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Milk and dairy products are among the most important food sectors in Georgia, and milk is considered one of the most essential foods in the human diet according to Georgian food culture. Kvemo Kartli is one of the major regions in Georgia for milk production. This region suffers from heavy metal contamination in soil and water because of the mining industry. This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of cadmium, lead, iron, zinc, copper, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, selenium and molybdenum in milk and cheese and to evaluate whether the concentrations of these elements correspond to the permissible levels of toxic elements in milk and cheese for Georgia and the EU. In total, 195 milk samples and 25 cheese samples (16 from Imeruli cheese and nine from Sulguni cheese) were collected from nine different villages in the Kvemo Kartli region in Georgia: Chapala, Vanati, Bolnisi, Mtskneti, Sabereti, Ratevani, Khidiskuri, Kazreti, Kvemo Bolnisi. The determination of heavy metal in all samples was carried out by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The research results show that the concentration of these elements in most milk samples is fairly constant for all villages and is less than the permissible levels, except for seven samples from the following villages: Kvemo Bolnisi, Bolnisi, Mitskineti and Ratawani, where the concentration of lead in the milk samples was higher than the permissible limits mentioned in the literature, ranging from 0.027 to 1003 mg L−1. As for copper, its concentration in milk in Sabereti and Vanati villages was above the permissible limits according to the EU limit, ranging from 0.42 to 1.28 mg L−1. For cheese samples, the concentration of cadmium, lead, copper, Co and Ni in the two types of cheese was less than the permissible limit according to the laws of Georgia. Finally, the heavy metal concentrations in Imeruli and Sulguni cheese for manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo) zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) were above the permissible limit. Thus, the study results showed that the consumption of milk does not pose a direct and serious threat to the health of consumers. As for the two types of cheese, future studies and continuous monitoring are necessary to assess the cheese content of trace elements and the risk of its consumption to the consumer.

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7

Andrews, N. C. "Mining copper transport genes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, no. 12 (June 5, 2001): 6543–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.131192498.

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8

Ostojic, Petar. "Water management for copper mining." World Pumps 2012, no. 7 (July 2012): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-1762(12)70155-4.

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9

Young, Denise. "Productivity and metal mining: evidence from copper-mining firms." Applied Economics 23, no. 12 (December 1991): 1853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036849100000175.

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10

de Solminihac, Hernán, Luis E. Gonzales, and Rodrigo Cerda. "Copper mining productivity: Lessons from Chile." Journal of Policy Modeling 40, no. 1 (January 2018): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2017.09.001.

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11

Kerig, Tim. "Prehistoric mining." Antiquity 94, no. 375 (May 21, 2020): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.75.

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Prehistoric copper mining in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula continues the previous work on copper mining by the editors and main authors N. Rafel Fontanals, M.A. Hunt Ortiz, I. Soriano and S. Delgado-Raack. The site La Turquesa, a deposit mainly of Gossan type (iron cap), belongs to the same fault zone and mining basin as the already published Solano del Bepo (Rafel Fontanals et al. 2017). Mining of copper and lead (galena) at the site cannot certainly be traced back into prehistory, let alone to the Neolithic, and the earliest radiometric dates point to mining beginning before the early Middle Ages. The typo-chronology of mining tools is inconclusive, as is usual at these sites, and as the reader may infer from the comprehensive 80-page catalogue of hammerstones and picks. In his archaeo-metallurgical chapter, Montero Ruiz concludes convincingly that, currently, the most reliable date for mining at La Turquesa is in the Copper Age or the Early Bronze Age: the isotope signature of the mine's ore seems to accord with isotope ratios measured in a handful of artefacts from that period. The geology and mineralogy of the deposit is instructively summarised, adding archaeologically relevant information on visibility, accessibility and workability (with A. Andreazini and J.C. Melgarejo as co-authors). Traces of prehistoric opencast copper mining in small and irregular shafts have been heavily damaged by nineteenth- or twentieth-century mining of turquoise and variscite (with accessory chalcopyrite and malachite). The archaeological documentation of shafts and galleries from recent and pre-industrial times is cursory and does not fully attend to the three-dimensionality of the deposit. The use of more up-to-date measurement technology would have offered a clearer understanding of the site in its excavation, analysis and publication. No traces of tools were documented, making it impossible to combine the mineralogy of the deposit with the practical mining work. Without any quantitative information on heap material the mine's productivity cannot be estimated. The discovery of evidence for fire-setting using thermoluminescence (detailed in the chapter by A.L. Rodrigues et al.) seemed a promising test for archaeological hypotheses. Unfortunately, the palynological sediment sample gives a terminus ante quem of the seventh or eighth century AD (chapter by S. Pérez Díaz and J.A. López Sáez). Alongside unpublished indeterminate pottery, 117 mining tools are described in detail (including use-wear, lithology and surface types). Comparison with material from nearby Solana del Bepo (Rafel Fontanals et al. 2017) reveals that the artefacts from La Turquesa are less sophisticated and more opportunistic: mainly hammerstones modified during use or simple picks, sometimes with a picked groove that indicates hafting. Delgado-Raack argues convincingly that the tools were used in a context of direct extraction, for crushing the rock as well as for fragment-crushing copper ore at the site.

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12

Gracioso, Louise Hase, Janire Peña-Bahamonde, Bruno Karolski, Bruna Bacaro Borrego, Elen Aquino Perpetuo, Claudio Augusto Oller do Nascimento, Hiroki Hashiguchi, Maria Aparecida Juliano, Francisco C. Robles Hernandez, and Debora Frigi Rodrigues. "Copper mining bacteria: Converting toxic copper ions into a stable single-atom copper." Science Advances 7, no. 17 (April 2021): eabd9210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd9210.

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The chemical synthesis of monoatomic metallic copper is unfavorable and requires inert or reductive conditions and the use of toxic reagents. Here, we report the environmental extraction and conversion of CuSO4 ions into single-atom zero-valent copper (Cu0) by a copper-resistant bacterium isolated from a copper mine in Brazil. Furthermore, the biosynthetic mechanism of Cu0 production is proposed via proteomics analysis. This microbial conversion is carried out naturally under aerobic conditions eliminating toxic solvents. One of the most advanced commercially available transmission electron microscopy systems on the market (NeoArm) was used to demonstrate the abundant intracellular synthesis of single-atom zero-valent copper by this bacterium. This finding shows that microbes in acid mine drainages can naturally extract metal ions, such as copper, and transform them into a valuable commodity.

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13

D Franzmann, Peter, Rebecca B Hawkes, Christina M Haddad, and Jason J Plumb. "Mining with microbes." Microbiology Australia 28, no. 3 (2007): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma07124.

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As early as 166 AD, biotechnology was applied to the extraction of metals from ores in the copper mines of Cyprus, and in 1928 in Kennecott, USA, ?dump leaching? ? the use of microorganisms to extract copper from low grade mine waste material ? was conducted on commercial scale. It was not until 1947 that Colmer and Hinkle 1 demonstrated the role that microorganisms play in the oxidation of mineral sulfides for the release of metals in solution. Currently, 20% of annual global copper production results largely through the bioleaching of chalcocite (Cu2S). Many other metals, such as gold, cobalt, nickel, uranium and zinc are also being produced through bioleaching technology. Today, biotechnology is used to improve the environmental outcomes in a range of mining operations such as the use of sulfate-reducing bioreactors for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD), and heterotrophic and chemolithotrophic biofilm reactors for the degradation of cyanide products from gold processing and for the destruction of organic wastes such as oxalate from Bayer liquors during alumina production.

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14

Sikamo, J. "Copper mining in Zambia - history and future." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 116, no. 6 (2016): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2016/v116n6a1.

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15

Bell, Clifton F., Gregory Olsen, Jeffrey D. Manuszak, and Steven R. Sagstad. "MODELING METALS TRANSPORT IN COPPER MINING TERRAIN." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, no. 8 (January 1, 2002): 1465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702785072524.

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16

Pietrzyk, S., and B. Tora. "Trends in global copper mining – a review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 427 (September 26, 2018): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/427/1/012002.

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17

Lightfoot, Nancy E., Michael A. Pacey, and Shelley Darling. "Gold, Nickel and Copper Mining and Processing." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 29, Supplement 2 (2010): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.29.s2.03.

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18

Yuminov, A. M., V. V. Zaykov, V.F.Korobkov, and V. V. Tkachev. "Bronze Age Copper Mining in the Mugodzhary." Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 41, no. 3 (September 2013): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeae.2014.03.011.

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19

Cioffi, John. "Mining copper and ether [Technology Leaders Forum]." IEEE Communications Magazine 45, no. 6 (June 2007): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2007.374417.

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20

Robinson, Susan. "Copper Mining in CalumetThe Artist & Mural." Rocks & Minerals 85, no. 4 (July 16, 2010): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2010.492708.

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21

Ericsson, Magnus, and Andreas Tegen. "Ownership & control of world's copper mining." Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report 13, no. 3 (January 1998): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14041049809409141.

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22

Haas, Jannik, Simón Moreno-Leiva, Tobias Junne, Po-Jung Chen, Giovanni Pamparana, Wolfgang Nowak, Willy Kracht, and Julián M. Ortiz. "Copper mining: 100% solar electricity by 2030?" Applied Energy 262 (March 2020): 114506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114506.

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23

Elguindi, Jutta, Xiuli Hao, Yanbing Lin, Hend A. Alwathnani, Gehong Wei, and Christopher Rensing. "Advantages and challenges of increased antimicrobial copper use and copper mining." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 91, no. 2 (June 9, 2011): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3383-3.

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24

Kalmykov, Vyacheslav N., Olga V. Petrova, and Yuliya D. Mambetova. "EVALUATING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE MINING SYSTEM IN UNDERGROUND COPPER-PYRITE MINING." Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University 15, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2017-15-3-5-11.

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25

Wincewicz-Bosy, Marta, Małgorzata Dymyt, and Katarzyna Wasowska. "The Supply Chain of the Mining Industry: The Case of Copper Mining." EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL XXIV, Issue 1 (February 1, 2021): 204–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1958.

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26

Redwood, Stewart D. "The history of mining and mineral exploration in Panama: From Pre-Columbian gold mining to modern copper mining." Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 72, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): A180720. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2020v72n3a180720.

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The history of mining and exploration in Panama is a case study of the evolution of mining in a tropical, island arc environment in the New World from prehistoric to modern times over a period of ~1900 years. Panama has a strong mineral endowment of gold (~984 t), and copper (~32 Mt) resulting in a rich mining heritage. The mining history can be divided into five periods. The first was the pre-Columbian period of gold mining from near the start of the Current Era at ~100 CE to 1501, following the introduced of gold metalwork fully fledged from Colombia. Mining of gold took place from placer and vein deposits in the Veraguas, Coclé, Northern Darien and Darien goldfields, together with copper for alloying. Panama was the first country on the mainland of the Americas to be mined by Europeans during the Spanish colonial period from 1501-1821. The pattern of gold rushes, conquest and settlement can be mapped from Spanish records, starting in Northern Darien then moving west to Panama in 1519 and Nata in 1522. From here, expeditions set out throughout Veraguas over the next century to the Veraguas (Concepción), Southern Veraguas, Coclé and Central Veraguas goldfields. Attention returned to Darien in ~1665 and led to the discovery of the Espíritu Santo de Cana gold mine, the most important gold mine to that date in the Americas. The third period was the Republican period following independence from Spain in 1821 to become part of the Gran Colombia alliance, and the formation of the Republic of Panama in 1903. This period up to ~1942 was characterized by mining of gold veins and placers, and manganese mining from 1871. Gold mining ceased during World War Two. The fourth period was the era of porphyry copper discoveries and systematic, regional geochemical exploration programs from 1956 to 1982, carried out mainly by the United Nations and the Panamanian government, as well as private enterprise. This resulted in the discovery of the giant porphyry copper deposits at Cerro Colorado (1957) and Petaquilla (Cobre Panama, 1968), as well as several other porphyry deposits, epithermal gold deposits and bauxite deposits. The exploration techniques for the discovery of copper were stream sediment and soil sampling, followed rapidly by drilling. The only mine developed in this period was marine black sands for iron ore (1971-1972). The fifth and current period is the exploration and development of modern gold and copper mines since 1985 by national and foreign companies, which started in response to the gold price rise. The main discovery methods for gold, which was not analyzed in the stream sediment surveys, were lithogeochemistry of alteration zones and reexamination of old mines. Gold mines were developed at Remance (1990-1998), Santa Rosa (1995-1999 with restart planned in 2020) and Molejon (2009-2014), and the Cobre Panama copper deposit started production in 2019. The level of exploration in the country is still immature and there is high potential for the discovery of new deposits.

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27

Timberlake, Simon. "Prehistoric Copper Extraction in Britain: Ecton Hill, Staffordshire." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 80 (December 23, 2013): 159–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2013.17.

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Major investigations were undertaken of the Ecton Copper Mines, Staffordshire, following the discovery of hammerstones and a red deer antler tool dating to the Early Bronze Age during surface and underground exploration in the 1990s. Ecton Hill was surveyed, the distribution of hammerstone tools examined, and two identified sites of potential prehistoric mining close to the summit of the hill excavated in 2008 & 2009. Excavations at Stone Quarry Mine revealed noin situprehistoric mining activity, but hammerstones and Early Bronze Age bone mining tools from upcast suggest that an historic mine shaft had intersected Bronze Age workings at around 10–25 m depth. On The Lumb one trench revealed evidence for medieval lead mining, while another examined the lowest of four primitive mines associated with cave-like mine entrances along the base of a small cliff. Evidence for prehistoric mining was recorded within a shallow opencut formed by during extraction of malachite from a layer of mineralised dolomite. Traces of the imprint of at least 18 bone and stone tools could be seen and seven different types of working were identified. Most prehistoric mining debris appears to have been cleared out during the course of later, medieval–post-medieval prospection; some bone and stone tools were recovered from this spoil. The tip of a worn and worked (cut) antler tine point was the only such mining tool foundin situat this site but nine tools were radiocarbon dated toc.1880–1640 calbc. Bayesian modelling of the dates from both sites probably indicates mining over a much briefer period (perhaps 20–50 years) at 1800–1700 calbc, with mining at Stone Quarry possibly beginning earlier and lasting longer than on The Lumb. A single date from The Lumb suggests possible renewed mining activity (or prospection?) during the Middle Bronze Age. The dating of this mining activity is consistent with the idea that mining and prospection moved eastwards from Ireland to Wales, then to central England, at the beginning of the 2nd millenniumbc. At Ecton the extraction of secondary ores may have produced only a very small tonnage of copper metal. The mine workers may have been Early Bronze Age farmers who occupied this part of the Peak District seasonally in a transhumant or sustained way

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28

Xu, Shi Da, Yuan Hui Li, and Jian Po Liu. "Application of Wasteless Mining in Hongtoushan Copper Mine." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.722.

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As we all know, a large number of waste rock which caused many serious problem produced in mining. The pollution caused by waste rock in mining is threating the human society seriously in some aspects. Wasteless mining is more and more popular to relieve the burden of mines. As one of the deepest mines in China, Hongtoushan Copper Mine began to establish waste rock filling system in 1995. After three phases of the waste rock filling system, all the waste rock was used to fill the goaf in underground mining in 2012. The wasteless rock mining had brought RMB 8 million and good social benefits. It offered a good suggestion for similar mines in China.

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Aliya Bukayeva. "World Copper Mining Review: case study of Kazakhstan." Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship 5, no. 3 (September 2010): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.5.3.201009.69.

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30

MARTENS, P. N., M. RUHRBERG, and M. MISTRY. "ASSESSING GLOBAL LAND REQUIREMENT FOR SURFACE COPPER MINING." Mineral Resources Engineering 11, no. 04 (December 2002): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s095060980200104x.

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31

Harner, John. "Place Identity and Copper Mining in Sonora, Mexico." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 91, no. 4 (December 2001): 660–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00264.

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32

Robinson, Susan. "Copper Country Mining Artist William Krieber (b. 1930)." Rocks & Minerals 86, no. 3 (April 29, 2011): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2011.568287.

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33

Burstein, Mikhail. "Copper: Reserves, mining and processing in CIS countries." Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report 9, no. 4 (January 1993): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14041049309408519.

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34

Mulligan, C. N., and R. Galvez-Cloutier. "Bioleaching of copper mining residues by Aspergillus niger." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 12 (June 1, 2000): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0280.

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A study was initiated to determine the possibility of using the fungus Aspergillus niger for bioleaching and then to identify and evaluate the parameters that affect this process. An oxidized mining residue containing mainly copper (7240 mg/kg residue) was studied. Sucrose and mineral salts medium were initially used to produce citric and gluconic acids by A. niger with various concentrations of residue (1, 5, 7, 10 and 15% w/v). Maximal removal of up to 60% of the copper was obtained for the 5% residue. These experiments showed that the pH decreased to around three within 10 days of incubation. Other substrates were evaluated including molasses, corn cobs and brewery waste. Sucrose gave the best results for copper removal, followed by molasses, corn cobs and brewery waste. Other experiments using ultrasound as a pre-treatment showed that 80% removal of the copper could be obtained for a 5% residue concentration. In conclusion, leaching of copper from a mining residue is technically feasible using A. niger. Further research must be performed to increase the economic feasibility of the process.

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35

Smith, Ben A., Bruce Greenberg, and Gladys L. Stephenson. "Bioavailability of Copper and Zinc in Mining Soils." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 62, no. 1 (May 19, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-011-9682-y.

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36

Baba, Kozo. "The toyo copper smelter of Sumitomo Metal Mining." JOM 49, no. 10 (October 1997): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02914740.

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37

Su, Jingwen, Ryan Mathur, Glen Brumm, Peter D’Amico, Linda Godfrey, Joaquin Ruiz, and Shiming Song. "Tracing Copper Migration in the Tongling Area through Copper Isotope Values in Soils and Waters." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 2661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122661.

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Copper mining in Tongling has occurred since the Bronze Age, and this area is known as one of the first historic places where copper has been, and is currently, extracted. Multiple studies have demonstrated, through concentrated work on soils and waters, the impact of mining in the area. Here we present copper isotope values of 13 ore samples, three tailing samples, 20 water samples (surface and groundwater), and 94 soil samples (15 different profiles ranging in depth from 0–2 m) from proximal to distal (up to 10 km) locations radiating from a tailings dam and tailings pile. Oxidation of the copper sulfide minerals results in isotopically heavier oxidized copper. Thus, copper sourced from sulfide minerals has been used to trace copper in mining and environmental applications. At Tongling, higher copper isotope values (greater than 1 per mil, which are interpreted to be derived from copper sulfide weathering) are found both in waters and the upper portions of soils (5–100 cm) within 1 km of the source tailings. At greater than 1 km, the soils do not possess heavier copper isotope values; however, the stream water samples that have low copper concentrations have heavier values up to 6.5 km from the source. The data suggest that copper derived from the mining activities remains relatively proximal in the soils but can be traced in the waters at greater distances.

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Derpich, Ivan, Nicole Munoz, and Andrea Espinoza. "Improving the productivity of the copper mining process in the Chilean copper industry." Croatian Operational Research Review 10, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17535/crorr.2019.0020.

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Naghavi, N. S., Z. D. Emami, and G. Emtiazi. "Synergistic Copper Extraction Activity of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Isolated from Copper Coal Mining Areas." Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 4, no. 4 (May 1, 2011): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajaps.2011.447.452.

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Charles Kerfoot, W., and Jerome O. Nriagu. "Copper Mining, Copper Cycling and Mercury in the Lake Superior Ecosystem: An Introduction." Journal of Great Lakes Research 25, no. 4 (January 1999): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0380-1330(99)70764-1.

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Ndilila, Wesu, Anna Carita Callan, Laura A. McGregor, Robert M. Kalin, and Andrea L. Hinwood. "Environmental and toenail metals concentrations in copper mining and non mining communities in Zambia." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 217, no. 1 (January 2014): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.011.

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Kassianidou, Vasiliki, Athos Agapiou, and Sturt W. Manning. "Reconstructing an ancient mining landscape: a multidisciplinary approach to copper mining at Skouriotissa, Cyprus." Antiquity 95, no. 382 (April 5, 2021): 986–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2021.33.

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43

Sverdrup, Harald U., Kristin Vala Ragnarsdottir, and Deniz Koca. "On modelling the global copper mining rates, market supply, copper price and the end of copper reserves." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 87 (June 2014): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.03.007.

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Leiva, Claudio, Víctor Flores, Felipe Salgado, Diego Poblete, and Claudio Acuña. "Applying Softcomputing for Copper Recovery in Leaching Process." Scientific Programming 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6459582.

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The mining industry of the last few decades recognizes that it is more profitable to simulate model using historical data and available mining process knowledge rather than draw conclusions regarding future mine exploitation based on certain conditions. The variability of the composition of copper leach piles makes it unlikely to obtain high precision simulations using traditional statistical methods; however the same data collection favors the use of softcomputing techniques to enhance the accuracy of copper recovery via leaching by way of prediction models. In this paper, a predictive modeling contrasting is made; a linear model, a quadratic model, a cubic model, and a model based on the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) are presented. The model entries were obtained from operation data and data of piloting in columns. The ANN was constructed with 9 input variables, 6 hidden layers, and a neuron in the output layer corresponding to copper leaching prediction. The validation of the models was performed with real information and these results were used by a mining company in northern Chile to improve copper mining processes.

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Baitileu, Darkhan Aitzhanuly, and Maksim Nikolaevich Ankushev. "To the question of raw material sources of mining and smelting centers of the Paleometal Epoch in Central Kazakhstan." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 8 (August 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.8.36343.

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The subject of this research is the copper deposits, copper-ore resource, and sources of alloying raw materials for mining and smelting production of the Paleometal Epoch in Central Kazakhstan, namely within the Kazakhstan mining and smelting region and Zhezkazgan-Ulytau mining and smelting center. The article provides the interim results of comprehensive research of geoarchaeological production facilities in the territory of copper deposits within the Zhezkazgan-Ulytau mining and smelting center, which allow determining the peculiarities of metallogenic complexes that used to be potential objects of the development of copper-ore reserves during the establishment of copper metallurgy, as well as making a predictive assessment of mineral raw materials potential of the region. The initial premise of this research lies in the authors' pursuit to integrate natural scientific methods of research into the field of humanities to the maximum effect via studying smelting slags and ore relics from the ancient settlements of the region for the purpose of reconstructing the mining and smelting process of the Bronze Age in Central Kazakhstan. The authors offer the variants of localization of the mineral raw materials complex of Zhezkazgan-Ulytau mining and smelting center within the Kazakhstan mining and smelting region. Based on examination of the ores and smelting slags of Bronze Age settlements in Central Kazakhstan, the authors believe that the main copper raw materials in the Zhezkazgan-Ulytau region were the oxidized malachite-azurite and rich sulfide ores, as well as the zones of secondary sulfide enrichment of copper sandstones of the Zhezkazgan ore region. The conducted research allow to get closer to establishing patterns of localization of various types of copper deposits and development of copper-ore resources for mining and smelting production of Zhezkazgan-Ulytau region during the Paleometal Epoch.

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Charles Kerfoot, W., Noel R. Urban, Cory P. McDonald, Ronald Rossmann, and Huanxin Zhang. "Legacy mercury releases during copper mining near Lake Superior." Journal of Great Lakes Research 42, no. 1 (February 2016): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.10.007.

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Yepsen, Orlando, Jorge Yáñez, and Héctor D. Mansilla. "Photocorrosion of copper sulfides: Toward a solar mining industry." Solar Energy 171 (September 2018): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.049.

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Avarmaa, Katri, Lassi Klemettinen, Hugh O'Brien, and Pekka Taskinen. "Urban mining of precious metals via oxidizing copper smelting." Minerals Engineering 133 (March 2019): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.01.006.

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Dutton, Andrew, Peter J. Fasham, D. A. Jenkins, A. E. Caseldine, and S. Hamilton-Dyer. "Prehistoric Copper Mining on the Great Orme, Llandudno, Gwynedd." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 60, no. 1 (1994): 245–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00003455.

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The discovery of evidence to suggest that copper ore was exploited at the Great Orme on a considerable scale in prehistory is of great significance in our understanding of the development of metalworking technology in the British Isles.In the past, the apparent absence from the archaeological record of a contemporaneous native mineral source for the production of copper and copper alloy artefacts during the Bronze Age has led to the assumption that raw materials, as well as metal technology, were imported from abroad. Alternatively, whilst accepting that local resources could have been exploited, it was assumed that these would have been obliterated by the mining operations of later centuries.There are now several sites on the British mainland and in Ireland which have been identified and dated as having been exploited for copper ores during the Bronze Age, of which a number, as on the Great Orme, had since seen intensive working during the 18th and 19th centuries AD. AS yet, much of the evidence has come essentially from surface excavations, but at the Great Orme surface excavation combined with underground exploration has revealed a system of workings of truly remarkable size. A series of 10 radiocarbon dates has been obtained from within the mine complex, indicating that working was carried out for over a thousand years spanning the Early to Late Bronze Age.The true extent of the surviving prehistoric workings is yet to be realized but present evidence indicates mining activity covering an area in excess of 24,000 square metres, incorporating passages totalling upwards of 5 km, penetrating to a vertical depth of 70 m.Much of the archaeological evidence contained within this report has been gained from detailed excavation carried out within surface workings, which in their own right constitute a sizeable part of the prehistoric mine. From the surface area presently exposed it is conservatively estimated that 40,000 cubic metres of material was removed during the Bronze Age. Much of the early technology represented within the surface workings reflects the technology employed in the deep workings, with the additional evidence of ancillary operations which would seem to relate solely to surface locations.Whilst the excavations reported in this paper relate to surface, or near surface, workings, they must be seen in the context of a labyrinthine complex of prehistoric workings recorded at depths of over yom (Jenkins & Lewis 1991; Lewis 1994). These deep workings are the subject of parallel studies to be reported elsewhere. The known underground and surface prehistoric workings are on a scale so far unparallelled in Britain and are of international significance. Elsewhere in Europe there is evidence for the mining of copper ores at Ai Bunar in Bulgaria dated to 5840 BC (Cernych 1978) and at Rudna Glava in former Yugoslavia dated to 4715 BC (Jovanovic 1979). Evidence for subsequent copper mining has been dated to 3785 BC in southern Spain (Rio Tinto area: Rothenburg & Blanco Freijeiro 1980) and to 3330 BC in Austria (Mitterberg; Pittioni 1951), marking an apparent development and extension westwards and northwards of copper technology. More recently, the dating of two sites in the south of France to around 3330 BC, at Cabrieres (Ambert et al. 1990) and Bouche Payrol, near Brusque (Barge 1985), has confirmed another area of Bronze Age working.

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Tiwari, Onkar Nath, Manoj Pradhan, and Tapas Nandy. "Treatment of mining-influenced water at Malanjkhand copper mine." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 52 (February 15, 2016): 24755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1146921.

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