Journal articles: 'Copper isotope'

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Larner, Fiona, Catriona A. McLean, Alex N. Halliday, and Blaine R. Roberts. "Copper Isotope Compositions of Superoxide Dismutase and Metallothionein from Post-Mortem Human Frontal Cortex." Inorganics 7, no. 7 (July 7, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics7070086.

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The natural copper isotopic compositions of superoxide dismutase and metallothionein from six post-mortem human frontal cortices were determined using a combination of size exclusion protein liquid chromatography, followed by anion exchange chromatography and multiple collector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Superoxide dismutase was enriched in the heavier 65Cu relative to the metallothionein fraction in all specimen pairs. The isotopic compositions were independent of copper content. This finding provides evidence that nitrogen ligands in protein copper binding sites will be enriched in heavy metal isotopes, and sulphur ligands will preferentially incorporate lighter isotopes in vivo. This in turn has implications for understanding isotopic distributions within different components in the body and the dominant ligands in different tissues. Differences in Cu isotope distributions between the two proteins were seen between Alzheimer’s disease and healthy control samples, when normalised for sex.

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Fujii, Y., M. Hosoe, and M. Okamoto. "Copper Isotope Separation by Ion Exchange Electromigration and Copper Isotope Analysis by Thermo-Ionization Mass Spectrometry." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 41, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 769–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1986-0515.

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The separation coefficient of copper isotopes, 63Cu and 65Cu, in the electromigration process through cation exchange m em brane was experimentally determined as 3.2 x l0- 4. The appropriate heating condition of low ionizing filament current for thermo-ionization mass spectrometry was developed and this method was applied to the copper isotope analysis in the present work.

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Lyon, T. D. B., G. S. Fell, D. Gaffney, B. A. McGaw, R. I. Russell, R. H. R. Park, A. D. Beattie, et al. "Use of a Stable Copper Isotope (65Cu) in the Differential Diagnosis of Wilson's Disease." Clinical Science 88, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0880727.

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1. 65Cu/63Cu stable-isotope ratios have been measured in blood serum after oral administration of the stable isotope 65Cu. The incorporation of the isotope into the plasma protein pool was followed at various times for up to 3 days. The resulting patterns of enrichment in healthy control subjects, in Wilson's disease patients and in heterozygotes for the Wilson's disease gene, were similar in appearance to those found by others using copper radioactive isotopes. After an initially high enrichment at 2h after dosage, the Wilson's disease cases, in contrast to the control subjects, did not show a secondary rise in isotope enrichment of the plasma pool after 72 h, demonstrating a failure to incorporate copper into caeruloplasmin. The Wilson's disease heterozygotes had variable degrees of impairment of isotope incorporation, not always distinguished from those of control subjects. 2. The stability of the isotope also permits the copper tracer to be followed for a longer period. Ten healthy subjects were studied for over 40 days, allowing the biological half-time of an oral dose of copper to be determined (median 18.5 days, 95% confidence interval 14–26 days). Known heterozygotes for the Wilson's disease gene were found to have a significantly increased biological half-time for removal of copper from the plasma pool (median 43 days, 95% confidence interval 32–77 days). 3. The incorporation of 65Cu in patients with diseases of the liver (other than Wilson's disease) was found to be similar to that in control subjects, aiding differential diagnosis.

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Gale, Noel. "Archaeology, science-based archaeology and the Mediterranean Bronze Age metals trade: a contribution to the debate." European Journal of Archaeology 4, no. 1 (2001): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2001.4.1.113.

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The current consensus is outlined about the application of lead isotope analyses to metal provenance studies and to the unravelling of the Mediterranean Bronze Age copper trade, with special reference to copper oxhide ingots. Various misconceptions, especially some of those contained in Knapp (1999, 2000), are corrected. It is shown that there is no need to fall back on hypotheses based upon the Mediterranean-wide mixing/recycling of copper metals to explain the lead isotope characteristics of post-1250 BC copper oxhide ingots, since there is a good isotopic coincidence between these ingots and the Apliki region ore deposits in Cyprus. Weaknesses are exposed in the hypotheses of direct or indirect pooling of Cypriot ores, and of the proposed widespread recycling of metals in a Mediterranean-widekoine, particularly since there is no evidence for a homogeneity of lead isotope composition in artefacts and no tin in the oxhide ingots.

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HARVEY, Linda J., Gosia MAJSAK-NEWMAN, Jack R. DAINTY, S. Gabrielle WHARF, Martin D. REID, John H. BEATTIE, and Susan J. FAIRWEATHER-TAIT. "Holmium as a faecal marker for copper absorption studies in adults." Clinical Science 102, no. 2 (January 14, 2002): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1020233.

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the validity of using holmium as a faecal marker in a copper absorption study using a highly enriched 65Cu stable isotope label. Ten volunteers (nine female, one male) aged 24-55 years were recruited from the Norwich area to take part in a free-living study. The study was conducted in the Human Nutrition Unit at the Institute of Food Research, Norwich, U.K., and involved feeding breakfast test meals containing foods labelled intrinsically or extrinsically with a highly enriched 65Cu stable isotope label. A 1mg oral dose of the rare earth element holmium was administered to volunteers simultaneously with an oral dose of highly enriched 65Cu stable isotope as a label in the breakfast test meal. Complete faecal collections were made for 10 days after dosing, and the mean percentage holmium recovery (±S.D.) was 105±15%. After correcting for re-excreted copper label, the labelled copper and holmium had similar excretory profiles. It was concluded that holmium is a valid faecal marker in adult human copper absorption studies using stable isotopes.

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Miller, Kerri A., Fernando A. Vicentini, Simon A. Hirota, Keith A. Sharkey, and Michael E. Wieser. "Antibiotic treatment affects the expression levels of copper transporters and the isotopic composition of copper in the colon of mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 13 (March 8, 2019): 5955–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814047116.

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Copper is a critical enzyme cofactor in the body but also a potent cellular toxin when intracellularly unbound. Thus, there is a delicate balance of intracellular copper, maintained by a series of complex interactions between the metal and specific copper transport and binding proteins. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the primary site of copper entry into the body and there has been considerable progress in understanding the intricacies of copper metabolism in this region. The GI tract is also host to diverse bacterial populations, and their role in copper metabolism is not well understood. In this study, we compared the isotopic fractionation of copper in the GI tract of mice with intestinal microbiota significantly depleted by antibiotic treatment to that in mice not receiving such treatment. We demonstrated variability in copper isotopic composition along the length of the gut. A significant difference, ∼1.0‰, in copper isotope abundances was measured in the proximal colon of antibiotic-treated mice. The changes in copper isotopic composition in the colon are accompanied by changes in copper transporters. Both CTR1, a copper importer, and ATP7A, a copper transporter across membranes, were significantly down-regulated in the colon of antibiotic-treated mice. This study demonstrated that isotope abundance measurements of metals can be used as an indicator of changes in metabolic processes in vivo. These measurements revealed a host–microbial interaction in the GI tract involved in the regulation of copper transport.

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Balter, Vincent, Andre Nogueira da Costa, Victor Paky Bondanese, Klervia Jaouen, Aline Lamboux, Suleeporn Sangrajrang, Nicolas Vincent, et al. "Natural variations of copper and sulfur stable isotopes in blood of hepatocellular carcinoma patients." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 4 (January 12, 2015): 982–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1415151112.

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The widespread hypoxic conditions of the tumor microenvironment can impair the metabolism of bioessential elements such as copper and sulfur, notably by changing their redox state and, as a consequence, their ability to bind specific molecules. Because competing redox state is known to drive isotopic fractionation, we have used here the stable isotope compositions of copper (65Cu/63Cu) and sulfur (34S/32S) in the blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a tool to explore the cancer-driven copper and sulfur imbalances. We report that copper is 63Cu-enriched by ∼0.4‰ and sulfur is 32S-enriched by ∼1.5‰ in the blood of patients compared with that of control subjects. As expected, HCC patients have more copper in red blood cells and serum compared with control subjects. However, the isotopic signature of this blood extra copper burden is not in favor of a dietary origin but rather suggests a reallocation in the body of copper bound to cysteine-rich proteins such as metallothioneins. The magnitude of the sulfur isotope effect is similar in red blood cells and serum of HCC patients, implying that sulfur fractionation is systemic. The 32S-enrichment of sulfur in the blood of HCC patients is compatible with the notion that sulfur partly originates from tumor-derived sulfides. The measurement of natural variations of stable isotope compositions, using techniques developed in the field of Earth sciences, can provide new means to detect and quantify cancer metabolic changes and provide insights into underlying mechanisms.

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Sun, Xiang, Yongjun Lu, Qiang Li, and Ruyue Li. "A Downgoing Indian Lithosphere Control on Along-Strike Variability of Porphyry Mineralization in the Gangdese Belt of Southern Tibet." Economic Geology 116, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4768.

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Abstract The E-trending Gangdese porphyry copper belt in southern Tibet is a classic example of porphyry mineralization in a continental collision zone. New zircon U-Pb geochronological, zircon Hf-O, and bulk-rock Sr-Nd isotope data for the Miocene mineralizing intrusions from the Qulong, Zhunuo, Jiru, Chongjiang, and Lakange porphyry copper deposits and Eocene igneous rocks from the western Gangdese belt, together with literature data, show that both Paleocene-Eocene igneous rocks and Miocene granitoids exhibit coupled along-arc isotopic variations, characterized by bulk-rock ɛNd(t) and zircon ɛHf(t) values increasing from ~84° to ~92°E and then decreasing toward ~95°E. These are interpreted to reflect increasing contributions of subducted Indian continental materials from ~92° to ~84°E and from ~92° to ~95°E, respectively. The Miocene mineralizing intrusions were derived from subduction-modified Tibetan lower crust represented isotopically by the Paleocene-Eocene intrusions, with contributions from Indian plate-released fluids and mafic melts derived from mantle metasomatized by subducted Indian continental materials. Involvement of isotopically ancient Indian continental materials increased from east (Qulong) to west (Zhunuo), which is interpreted to reflect an increasingly shallower angle of the downgoing Indian slab from east to west, consistent with geophysical imaging. Exploration of Gangdese Miocene porphyry copper deposits should focus on the Paleocene-Eocene arc where the subarc mantle was mainly enriched by fluids from the subducted Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab. Neodymium-Hf isotope data for mineralizing igneous rocks from porphyry copper deposits globally show no obvious correlations with Cu endowment. Although Nd-Hf isotopes are useful for imaging lithospheric architecture through time, caution must be taken when using Nd-Hf isotopes to evaluate the potential endowment of porphyry copper deposits, because other factors such as tectonic setting, crustal thickening, magma differentiation, fluid exsolution, and ore-forming processes all play roles in determining Cu endowments and grades.

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Chugaev, Andrey V., Stephen W. Merkel, and Irina E. Zaytseva. "Lead Isotopic Characteristics and Metal Sources for the Jewelry in the Medieval Rural Settlements from the Suzdal Region (Kievan Rus’)." METALLA 25, no. 2 (May 7, 2021): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/metalla.v25.2019.i2.101-125.

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The article considers the results of the study of lead isotope composition of 38 non-ferrous artifacts discovered at medieval rural sites of the Suzdal Region (Kievan Rus’). The copper-alloy, silver and pewter artifacts were compared with reference data from geographically and temporally diverse medieval artifacts and ore deposits and revealed differing source regions and supply networks within and between metal types. The identification in some cases was difficult due to the conformity of the lead isotopic composition of deposits of some regions. The copper-alloys, represented mostly by crosses made of high-tin bronze, show close isotopic parallels to contemporary copper alloys from Southern Scandinavia, Westphalia and Lower Saxony. Since the copper alloys contain significant quantities of lead, this lead may have entered the metal by alloying with lead-tin alloys, by smelting mixed copper-lead ore, or through haphazard alloying with lead. The lead isotope ratios for nearly all copper alloys are consistent with deposits in Cornwall and Devon and remobilized ore from the Rhenish Massif. For silver and lead-tin alloy objects, lead isotope analyses point to wide ranging sources. Most silver objects are consistent with mid-to-late 10th century silver stocks circulating in the Baltic area and 10th century Volga-Bulgar silver dirham imitations probably representing mixtures of 9th-10th century Islamic silver. The silver shows a heavy reliance on 10th century mixed stocks and there are little indications of Central and Western European silver, which was common in the 11th century Baltic region. The pewter and lead, however, indicate other sources. Lead isotope ratios are consistent with sources connected to Mediterranean and Baltic networks, some being consistent with sources in England, but it is possible that the lead found in some pewter objects could come from the Olkusz lead district in southern Poland.

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Begemann, Friedrich, Sigrid Schmitt-Strecker, Ernst Pernicka, and Fulvia Lo Schiavo. "Chemical composition and lead isotopy of copper and bronze from Nuragic Sardinia." European Journal of Archaeology 4, no. 1 (2001): 43–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2001.4.1.43.

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We present data on the chemical and lead isotope composition of copper and bronze objects from Nuragic Sardinia. The sample suite comprises, inter alia, objects from the hoard finds at Arzachena (21 objects), Bonnanaro (10), Ittireddu (34), and Pattada (20), all in northern Sardinia. With one exception, all ingot fragments (49) consist of unalloyed copper; the exception comes from Ittireddu and contains 11 per cent tin. In contradistinction, all implements (21) are made from standard bronze with a mean tin content of 10.8 per cent. A dozen sword fragments from the Arzachena hoard, all of fairly uniform small size, are pieces of a large number of different swords. The low tin content of only about 1 per cent would have made for poor weapons, confirming the archaeological identification of the fragments as pieces of votive swords. Scrap metal from Arzachena is remarkable for its wide range of trace element contents and lead isotope abundance ratios. It is dissimilar to all other metal samples investigated, possibly representing metal from local smelting experiments using a variety of different copper ores. Lead isotope data and trace element patterns, alone or in conjunction, do not allow us to tell oxhide ingots from plano-convex (bun) ingots. Most ingot fragments have a lead isotope signature similar to those of Cypriot copper ores but there are also a number of ingots whose lead isotope fingerprints are fully compatible with them being local products. Of the bronzes, none has lead with an isotopic composition characteristic of copper ingots from Cyprus. All contain local lead, suggesting the bronze implements were manufactured locally. Isotopically-fitting lead is found in copper and lead ore deposits from the Iglesiente-Sulcis district in south-west Sardinia and from Funtana Raminosa in central Sardinia.

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Pinarelli, L. "LEAD ISOTOPE CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER INGOTS FROM SARDINIA (ITALY): INFERENCES ON THEIR ORIGINS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 3 (January 1, 2004): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16460.

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The provenance of the materials making up the metal artifacts represents a fundamental question for archaeological research. The complex processes necessary to extract the metals from the minerals cause considerable changes in their chemical composition. By contrast, the ratio of the different lead isotopes in artifacts is not influenced by metallurgie processes. Therefore, the raw mineral material and the extracted metal exhibit the same isotope "footprint". Over the course of history, Sardinia has played a major role in maritime routes. Its considerably rich mineral resources, with copper, lead and iron mineralizations, moreover complemented its strategic importance. During the 10th and 9th centuries BC Sardinia, because of its strategic location, was to become directly involved in the "precolonial" Phoenician expansion. Two repositories of copper ingots recovered at different levels within a nuragic village in northwest Sardinia, can be placed within this historical context of intense traffic and exchange of goods between native Sardinian and Phoenician communities. The ingots were made in different shapes: plane-convex, biconvex, truncated cone and irregular. The analyzed ingots exhibit a considerable lead isotopie variability, although no systematic differences in isotope composition were revealed between the ingots from the two different repositories. Moreover, no systematic isotopie variations were observed between the different shapes in which the material was found. Overall, the ingots exhibit a linear distribution in the lead/lead diagrams. The group of ingots with the lowest isotope ratios project onto the area defined by the northwestern Sardinian mineralizations. The ingot located on the other extreme end of the straight line in the Pb diagrams overlaps the area defined by the southern Sardinian deposits. The isotope footprints of the intermediate samples seem to indicate that they stem from the mixing of two components from two different mining areas of Sardinia, one in the north, the other in the south. Therefore, widespread exchange of metal must have taken place throughout the island, and such an exchange does not seem to have been hindered by the advent of the Phoenicians in Sardinia. The results of the present investigation indicate that the majority of the examined ingots was produced with metal from the northwest of the island, and that these mines were therefore known and exploited in nuragic times. Such findings shed new light on the complex issues involved in proto-historic Sardinian metallurgy

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Kneip, Nina, Dominik Studer, Tom Kieck, Jiri Ulrich, Rugard Dressler, Dorothea Schumann, and Klaus Wendt. "Separation of manganese isotopes by resonance ionization mass spectrometry for ⁵³Mn half-life determination." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 97 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2022210270.

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We report on the production of ultra-pure samples of the long-lived radioisotope 53Mn for precision measurements of its half-life. Activated samples from a copper beam dump from PSI, which was irradiated with 590 MeV protons, were used for extraction of the manganese fraction. Following initial radiochemical purification, efficient three-photon laser resonance ionization of manganese inside a hot-cavity laser ion source was applied for subsequent isotope selection in a 30 keV high transmission magnetic mass separator. A new ionization scheme was developed and characterized for 53Mn implantation. In this way the isobar 53Cr and the Mn isotopes 54,55Mn are quantitavely removed, with a special focus on the radioactive 54Mn isotope. Microgram quantities of 53Mn were implanted into Al targets with an isotopic and isobaric purity of well above 103. An overall efficiency of the enrichment process of about 15% was demonstrated.

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CHEN, YU, XINMIN HUANG, MING XING FU, and JIANWU WANG. "CHARACTERISTICS OF ISOTOPE EFFECT AND DOUBLE-BODY STRUCTURE MODEL." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 13n14 (June 20, 2005): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905007998.

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The characteristics of the oxygen-isotope effect (16 O /18 O ) are studied with the double-body structure physical model in high-Tc copper oxide superconductors. With the double-body structure physical model, some reasonable explanations are given to the phenomena of high-Tc copper oxide superconductor's isotope effect, weak isotope effect, and abnormal isotope effect.

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Yuan, Honglin, Wengting Yuan, Zhian Bao, Kaiyun Chen, Fang Huang, and Shengao Liu. "Development of Two New Copper Isotope Standard Solutions and their Copper Isotopic Compositions." Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research 41, no. 1 (August 9, 2016): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12127.

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Cooper, H. Kory, and Antonio Simonetti. "Lead Isotope Analysis of Geological Native Copper: Implications for Archaeological Provenance Research in the North American Arctic and Subarctic." Minerals 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070667.

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The Indigenous inhabitants of Arctic and Subarctic North America had been using native copper for several centuries prior to sustained interaction with Europeans beginning in the 18th century. The connection, if any, between the use of copper in these two adjacent regions is, at present, unclear. The ability to determine the source of native copper artifacts found in greater northwestern North America would inform on the movement of copper via trade and exchange between, and aid in understanding the innovation and diffusion of native copper metallurgy among, ancestral Dene and Inuit People. This paper provides the results of a Lead Isotope Analysis (LIA) pilot study examining Pb isotope ratios of native copper samples from multiple locations in the northern regions of North America. The results from this preliminary study indicate some overlap in Pb isotope ratios between Arctic and Subarctic sources of native copper, and these nonetheless record distinct isotope signatures relative to those associated with other North American native Cu deposits.

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Paquet, Marine, Toshiyuki Fujii, and Frédéric Moynier. "Copper isotope composition of hemocyanin." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 71 (May 2022): 126967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126967.

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Farquhar, R. M., R. G. V. Hancock, and L. A. Pavlish. "Lead isotope ratios in 16th century copperware traded to North America: the Swedish connection." Canadian Journal of Physics 96, no. 4 (April 2018): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0117.

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Isotope analyses have been made on the trace amounts of lead in a small set of late 16th century pure copper trade kettles and kettle debris from Indigenous sites in eastern Canada. The isotope ratios are highly correlated. We interpret these correlations as the mixing of copper from Precambrian Swedish ores with metal from one or more of the Palaeozoic deposits occurring in central Europe and the British Isles. The data enable us to identify samples of pure Swedish copper, metal consisting of mixtures of Swedish and central European – British copper, and with less certainty, samples derived entirely from the latter deposits. Although most of the trace element concentrations in the coppers are quite variable, it appears that nickel values may be less so (∼100 ppm in pure Swedish samples, and ∼1100 ppm in the central European – British sources). Based on these values, two-component mixing relations provide estimates of the fractions of Swedish end members in mixed samples. These results suggest that more than half of the copper used in forming the kettles originated in Sweden.

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Mathur, R., H. Falck, E. Belogub, J. Milton, M. Wilson, A. Rose, and W. Powell. "Origins of Chalcocite Defined by Copper Isotope Values." Geofluids 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5854829.

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The origin of chalcocite is explored through a comparison of the copper isotope values of this mineral from supergene enrichment, sedimentary copper/red bed, and high-temperature hypogene mineralization around the world. Data from the literature and the data presented here (n=361) reveal that chalcocite from high-temperature mineralization has the tightest cluster of values of δCu65=0±0.6 in comparison to sedimentary copper/red bed δCu65=-0.9±1.0 and supergene enrichment δCu65=+1.9±1.8. Although the errors of the means overlap, large portions of the data lie in different values, allowing for distinguishing ranges for δCu65 of <−1‰ for sedimentary copper/red bed, between -1 and +1 for high-temperature hypogene, and >+1 for supergene enrichment chalcocite. The copper isotope values of sedimentary copper/red bed and supergene enrichment chalcocite are caused by redox reactions associated with the dissolution and transport of copper, whereas the tighter range of copper isotope values for hypogene minerals is associated with processes active with equilibrium conditions.

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Borgna, Francesca, Michele Ballan, Chiara Favaretto, Marco Verona, Marianna Tosato, Michele Caeran, Stefano Corradetti, et al. "Early Evaluation of Copper Radioisotope Production at ISOLPHARM." Molecules 23, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102437.

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The ISOLPHARM (ISOL technique for radioPHARMaceuticals) project is dedicated to the development of high purity radiopharmaceuticals exploiting the radionuclides producible with the future Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) facility at the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN-LNL). At SPES, a proton beam (up to 70 MeV) extracted from a cyclotron will directly impinge a primary target, where the produced isotopes are released thanks to the high working temperatures (2000 °C), ionized, extracted and accelerated, and finally, after mass separation, only the desired nuclei are collected on a secondary target, free from isotopic contaminants that decrease their specific activity. A case study for such project is the evaluation of the feasibility of the ISOL production of 64Cu and 67Cu using a zirconium germanide target, currently under development. The producible activities of 64Cu and 67Cu were calculated by means of the Monte Carlo code FLUKA, whereas dedicated off-line tests with stable beams were performed at LNL to evaluate the capability to ionize and recover isotopically pure copper.

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Su, Jingwen, Ryan Mathur, Glen Brumm, Peter D’Amico, Linda Godfrey, Joaquin Ruiz, and Shiming Song. "Tracing Copper Migration in the Tongling Area through Copper Isotope Values in Soils and Waters." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 2661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122661.

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Copper mining in Tongling has occurred since the Bronze Age, and this area is known as one of the first historic places where copper has been, and is currently, extracted. Multiple studies have demonstrated, through concentrated work on soils and waters, the impact of mining in the area. Here we present copper isotope values of 13 ore samples, three tailing samples, 20 water samples (surface and groundwater), and 94 soil samples (15 different profiles ranging in depth from 0–2 m) from proximal to distal (up to 10 km) locations radiating from a tailings dam and tailings pile. Oxidation of the copper sulfide minerals results in isotopically heavier oxidized copper. Thus, copper sourced from sulfide minerals has been used to trace copper in mining and environmental applications. At Tongling, higher copper isotope values (greater than 1 per mil, which are interpreted to be derived from copper sulfide weathering) are found both in waters and the upper portions of soils (5–100 cm) within 1 km of the source tailings. At greater than 1 km, the soils do not possess heavier copper isotope values; however, the stream water samples that have low copper concentrations have heavier values up to 6.5 km from the source. The data suggest that copper derived from the mining activities remains relatively proximal in the soils but can be traced in the waters at greater distances.

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Navarrete, Jesica U., Marian Viveros, Joanne T. Ellzey, and David M. Borrok. "Copper isotope fractionation by desert shrubs." Applied Geochemistry 26 (June 2011): S319—S321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.04.002.

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Zeng, Zhigang, Xiaohui Li, Shuai Chen, Yuxiang Zhang, Zuxing Chen, and Chen-Tung Arthur Chen. "Iron-Copper-Zinc Isotopic Compositions of Andesites from the Kueishantao Hydrothermal Field off Northeastern Taiwan." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010359.

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The studies of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) isotopic compositions in seafloor andesites are helpful in understanding the metal stable isotope fractionation during magma evolution. Here, the Fe, Cu, and Zn isotopic compositions of andesites from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field (KHF) off northeastern Taiwan, west Pacific, have been studied. The majority of δ56Fe values (+0.02‰ to +0.11‰) in the KHF andesites are consistent with those of MORBs (mid-ocean ridge basalts). This suggests that the Fe in the KHF andesites is mainly from a MORB-type mantle. The Fe-Cu-Zn isotopic compositions (δ56Fe +0.22‰, δ65Cu +0.16‰ to +0.64‰, and δ66Zn +0.29‰ to +0.71‰) of the KHF andesites, which are significantly different from those of the MORBs and the continental crust (CC), have a relatively wide range of Cu and Zn isotopic compositions. This is most likely to be a result of the entrainment of the sedimentary carbonate-derived components into an andesitic magma. The recycled altered rocks (higher δ56Fe, lower δ66Zn) could preferentially incorporate isotopically light Fe and heavy Zn into the magma, resulting in relative enrichment of the lighter Fe and heavier Zn isotopes in the andesites. The majority of the δ56Fe values in the KHF andesites are higher than those of the sediments and the local CC and lower than those of the subducted altered rocks, while the reverse is true for δ66Zn, suggesting that the subseafloor sediments and CC materials (lower δ56Fe, higher δ66Zn) contaminating the rising andesitic magma could preferentially incorporate isotopically heavy Fe and light Zn into the magma, resulting in relative enrichment of the heavier Fe and lighter Zn isotopes in the andesites. Thus, the characteristics of the Fe and Zn isotopes in back-arc and island-arc volcanic rocks may also be influenced by the CC and plate subduction components.

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Ellwood, Michael J., Robert Strzepek, Xiaoyu Chen, Thomas W. Trull, and Philip W. Boyd. "Some observations on the biogeochemical cycling of zinc in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean: a dedication to Keith Hunter." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 3 (2020): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19200.

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In this study we investigated the distribution of dissolved and particulate zinc (dZn and pZn respectively) and its isotopes in the Subantarctic Zone as part of a Geotraces Process voyage. dZn and pZn depth profiles contrasted each other, with dZn showing depletion within the euphotic zone while pZn profiles showed enrichment. Fitting a power law equation to the pZn profiles produced an attenuation factor of 0.82, which contrasted values for particulate phosphorus, cadmium and copper. The results indicate that zinc has a longer regeneration length scale than phosphorus and cadmium, but shorter than copper. The differential regeneration of pZn relative to that of particulate phosphorus likely explains why dZn appears to have a deeper regeneration profile than that of phosphate. The dZn isotope (δ66Zndissolved) profiles collected across the Subantarctic Zone showed differing profile structures. For one station collected within an isolated cold-core eddy (CCE), δ66Zndissolved showed surface enrichment relative to deep waters. The corresponding pZn isotope profiles within the CCE did not show enrichment; rather, they were subtly depleted in surface waters and then converged to similar values at depth. Zinc isotope fractionation can be explained through a combination of fractionation processes associated with uptake by phytoplankton, zinc complexation by natural organic ligands and zinc regeneration from particulate matter.

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Asael, Dan, Alan Matthews, Miryam Bar-Matthews, and Ludwik Halicz. "Copper isotope fractionation in sedimentary copper mineralization (Timna Valley, Israel)." Chemical Geology 243, no. 3-4 (September 2007): 238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.06.007.

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Powell, Robert M., Michael Swords, Mark Rodeghier, and Phyllis Budinger. "Isotope Ratios and Chemical Analysis of the 1957 Brazilian Ubatuba Fragment." Journal of Scientific Exploration 36, no. 1 (May 22, 2022): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20222415.

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A sample from the Ubatuba fragment collected in Brazil in 1957 was tested with the intent of examining the isotope ratios of its primary element, magnesium, and the trace elements strontium, barium, copper, and zinc. As background, the history of chemical testing of the Ubatuba fragments during the 1960s-1980s at multiple labs with varying capabilities is reviewed and then the remainder of the paper examines recent tests completed in 2017 and 2018 that for the first time used HR-ICPMS techniques to look at the isotopic ratios of the minor constituents as well as the primary magnesium makeup of the sample. The magnesium isotope ratios were found to fall within terrestrial limits while the results on the isotope ratios of the trace elements was inconclusive. Recommendations are made for improving the process of examining the trace elements. Keywords: Ubatuba, isotope, magnesium, HR-ICPMS, UFO

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Ciscato, Emily R., Tomaso R. R. Bontognali, Simon W. Poulton, and Derek Vance. "Copper and its Isotopes in Organic-Rich Sediments: From the Modern Peru Margin to Archean Shales." Geosciences 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9080325.

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The cycling of copper (Cu) and its isotopes in the modern ocean is controlled by the interplay of biology, redox settings, and organic complexation. To help build a robust understanding of Cu cycling in the modern ocean and investigate the potential processes controlling its behavior in the geological past, this study presents Cu abundance and isotope data from modern Peru Margin sediments as well as from a suite of ancient, mostly organic-rich, shales. Analyses of an organic-pyrite fraction extracted from bulk modern sediments suggest that sulphidation is the main control on authigenic Cu enrichments in this setting. This organic-pyrite fraction contains, in most cases, >50% of the bulk Cu reservoir. This is in contrast to ancient samples, for which a hydrogen fluoride (HF)-dissolvable fraction dominates the total Cu reservoir. With <20% of Cu found in the organic-pyrite fraction of most ancient sediments, interpretation of the associated Cu isotope composition is challenging, as primary signatures may be masked by secondary processes. But the Cu isotope composition of the organic-pyrite fraction in ancient sediments hints at the potential importance of a significant Cu(I) reservoir in ancient seawater, perhaps suggesting that the ancient ocean was characterized by different redox conditions and a different Cu isotope composition to that of the modern ocean.

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Wang, Xiaoting, Wugan Luo, Yingdong Yang, Dian Chen, Jing Du, and Xiang Tang. "Preliminary Discussion on the Highly Radiogenic Lead in Unalloyed Copper Artifacts of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty: Starting from the Huili Copper Spearheads." Metals 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091252.

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The debate about the highly radiogenic lead in Chinese archaeology has never ceased. However, previous studies have mainly focused on high leaded bronzes and lead materials, and with little specific discussion on the unalloyed copper artifacts and the sources of copper materials in China. In this work, a trace of highly radiogenic lead was found in ten copper spearheads unearthed from Huili County, Sichuan Province, southwest China, which inspired our research on this issue. The pXRF results showed that their lead content is extremely low, so the lead isotope ratios can indicate the source of copper, and the data correspond to the local copper deposits. Combined with other relevant highly radiogenic lead isotope data of unalloyed copper artifacts, the results indicate that there were multiple sources of copper ores used in the Shang Dynasty, and copper mines were continuously used in Southwest China until the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

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BUCKLEY, W. T., S. N. HUCKIN, L. J. FISHER, and G. K. EIGENDORF. "EFFECT OF SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION ON COPPER METABOLISM IN DAIRY COWS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 1009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-111.

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Eight Holstein cows were fed a diet supplemented with selenium at a subtoxic level (2.37 mg kg−1 dry matter), or the same diet without selenium supplementation (0.31 mg kg−1 dry matter), for 276 d of lactation. Copper-65, a stable isotope, was administered intravenously after 14 d of adaptation to the diets, and samples of milk, blood and liver were obtained at intervals throughout the trial. The effect of selenium supplementation on copper metabolism of the cows was evaluated by determining concentrations of copper in plasma, milk and liver, by determining the activities of ferroxidase in plasma and superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes and by determining the pattern of dilution of the copper-65 tracer in plasma, milk and liver. No effect of selenium supplementation on any of the parameters of copper metabolism was observed. It was concluded that an interaction between copper and selenium did not occur under the conditions imposed in this study. Key words: Copper, selenium, interaction, dairy cows, copper stable isotope

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Flint, S., H. Clemmey, and P. Turner. "Conglomerate-hosted copper mineralization in Cretaceous Andean molasse: the Coloso Formation of northern Chile." Geological Magazine 123, no. 5 (September 1986): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800035111.

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AbstractAlluvial fan sediments of the Lower Cretaceous Coloso Formation of northern Chile were deposited during the evolution of a half-graben, arid, intra-arc basin. The sediments were derived from an andesitic volcanic arc and show compositional variation which can be interpreted as an unroofing sequence. Copper mineralization is stratigraphically restricted to the upper 150 m of the sequence in conglomerates of predominantly granodioritic composition. The presence of mineralized clasts at this level indicates the erosion of bedrock mineralization. Lead isotopic signatures of ore sulphide support the sedimentological evidence for derivation of the sediments and metals from an island arc volcano-plutonic complex to the west of the basin.A genetic model is proposed in which uneconomic metal concentrations were transported into the basin as detrital phases and released by diagenetic reactions. The precipitation of copper minerals followed authigenic formation of quartz, feldspar, analcime and calcite and also some secondary parosity generation. Copper minerals include the oxychloride atacamite, and the suphides bornite, digenite, djurleite and covellite. Sulphur isotope values for the sulphides are relatively heavy isotope-enriched (δ34S = −3.6 to −12.8‰). Although these results could be interpreted in terms of closed-system bacterial sulphide reduction there is no known occurrence of organic material within the Coloso basin. An alternative explanation involving the mixing of diagenetically derived copper-rich brines and sulphur-rich hydrothermal fluids is proposed to account for the Coloso mineralization.

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Affolter, S., D. Fleitmann, and M. Leuenberger. "New on-line method for water isotope analysis of speleothem fluid inclusions using laser absorption spectroscopy (WS-CRDS)." Climate of the Past Discussions 10, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 429–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-429-2014.

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Abstract. A new online method to analyse water isotopes of speleothem fluid inclusions using a wavelength scanned cavity ring down spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) instrument is presented. This novel technique allows us to simultaneously measure hydrogen and oxygen isotopes for a released aliquot of water. To do so, we designed a new simple line that allows the on-line water extraction and isotope analysis of speleothem samples. The specificity of the method lies in the fact that fluid inclusions release is made on a standard water background, which mainly improves the δD reliability. To saturate the line, a peristaltic pump continuously injects standard water into the line that is permanently heated to 140 °C and flushed with dry nitrogen gas. This permits instantaneous and complete vaporisation of the standard water resulting in an artificial water background with well-known δD and δ18O values. The speleothem sample is placed into a copper tube, attached to the line and after system stabilisation is crushed using a simple hydraulic device to liberate speleothem fluid inclusions water. The released water is carried by the nitrogen/standard water gas stream directly to a Picarro L1102-i for isotope determination. To test the accuracy and reproducibility of the line and to measure standard water during speleothem measurements a syringe injection unit was added to the line. Peak evaluation is done similarly as in gas chromatography to obtain δD and δ18O isotopic composition of measured water aliquots. Precision is better than 1.5‰ for δD and 0.4‰ for δ18O for water measurement for an extended range (−210 to 0‰ for δD and −27 to 0‰ for δ18O) primarily dependent on the amount of water released from speleothem fluid inclusions and secondarily on the isotopic composition of the sample. The results show that WS-CRDS technology is suitable for speleothem fluid inclusion measurements and gives results that are comparable to Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) technique.

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Affolter, S., D. Fleitmann, and M. Leuenberger. "New online method for water isotope analysis of speleothem fluid inclusions using laser absorption spectroscopy (WS-CRDS)." Climate of the Past 10, no. 4 (July 4, 2014): 1291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1291-2014.

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Abstract. A new online method to analyse water isotopes of speleothem fluid inclusions using a wavelength scanned cavity ring down spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) instrument is presented. This novel technique allows us simultaneously to measure hydrogen and oxygen isotopes for a released aliquot of water. To do so, we designed a new simple line that allows the online water extraction and isotope analysis of speleothem samples. The specificity of the method lies in the fact that fluid inclusions release is made on a standard water background, which mainly improves the δ D robustness. To saturate the line, a peristaltic pump continuously injects standard water into the line that is permanently heated to 140 °C and flushed with dry nitrogen gas. This permits instantaneous and complete vaporisation of the standard water, resulting in an artificial water background with well-known δ D and δ18O values. The speleothem sample is placed in a copper tube, attached to the line, and after system stabilisation it is crushed using a simple hydraulic device to liberate speleothem fluid inclusions water. The released water is carried by the nitrogen/standard water gas stream directly to a Picarro L1102-i for isotope determination. To test the accuracy and reproducibility of the line and to measure standard water during speleothem measurements, a syringe injection unit was added to the line. Peak evaluation is done similarly as in gas chromatography to obtain &delta D; and δ18O isotopic compositions of measured water aliquots. Precision is better than 1.5 ‰ for δ D and 0.4 ‰ for δ18O for water measurements for an extended range (−210 to 0 ‰ for δ D and −27 to 0 ‰ for δ18O) primarily dependent on the amount of water released from speleothem fluid inclusions and secondarily on the isotopic composition of the sample. The results show that WS-CRDS technology is suitable for speleothem fluid inclusion measurements and gives results that are comparable to the isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) technique.

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32

Koenig, K. M., J. A. Shelford, and W. T. Buckley. "True absorption of selenium in dairy cows: Stable isotope tracer methodology and effect of dietary copper." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-019.

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True absorption of Se in dairy cows was determined using a method combining balance techniques with isotopic enrichment of body Se pools. Oral and intravenous routes of isotope administration and tracer enrichment in serum and liver were evaluated for determining endogenous fecal Se. The effect of supplemental dietary Cu on Se absorption was also determined. In two trials, five and six nonlactating Holstein cows were supplemented with 0 or 16 mg Cu kg−1 feed dry matter. The basal diet was cubed orchardgrass hay that contained 0.19 mg Se kg−1 (0.18 mg kg−1 as added selenite) and 14 mg Cu kg−1. Each cow received Se-77 orally and Se-82 intravenously on day 1. Feces, urine and serum samples were collected during two 5-d balance periods (days 16–20 and days 21–25). Liver biopsies were taken on day 27. Endogenous fecal Se determined from tracer enrichment in serum and liver with oral isotope administration and from enrichment in serum with intravenous isotope administration were not different (P > 0.05). It was concluded that any one of these approaches could be used to estimate endogenous fecal Se and true Se absorption. There was no effect of Cu on Se absorption (P > 0.05). True absorption of Se was 11 ± 1.5% of the Se intake. Key words: Selenium, copper, stable isotope, endogenous excretion, absorption, dairy cows

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33

Moynier, Frédéric, Derek Vance, Toshiyuki Fujii, and Paul Savage. "The Isotope Geochemistry of Zinc and Copper." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 82, no. 1 (2017): 543–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2017.82.13.

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34

Wilson, K. L., R. A. Causey, M. I. Baskes, and J. Kamperschroer. "Hydrogen isotope retention and release from copper." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 5, no. 4 (July 1987): 2319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.574444.

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35

Franck, J. P., S. Harker, and J. H. Brewer. "Copper and oxygen isotope effects inLa2−xSrxCuO4." Physical Review Letters 71, no. 2 (July 12, 1993): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.71.283.

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36

Vasiliev, B. V., and V. I. Luschikov. "Search for copper isotope effect in Y1Ba2Cu3O7." Physica C: Superconductivity 153-155 (June 1988): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(88)90582-5.

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37

Yamakawa, Kohji, Kazuki Nunogaki, and Francisco Eiichi Fujita. "Isotope Effect in Hydrogen Diffusion in Copper." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 55, no. 3 (March 15, 1986): 877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.55.877.

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Kimball, B. E., R. Mathur, A. C. Dohnalkova, A. J. Wall, R. L. Runkel, and S. L. Brantley. "Copper isotope fractionation in acid mine drainage." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73, no. 5 (March 2009): 1247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.035.

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39

Lin Quan (C. Lin), Wei Yu-nian, Yan Qi-wei, Chen Geng-hua, Zhang Pan-lin, Shen Zhi-gong, Ni Yong-ming, et al. "The copper isotope effect in Ba2Y Cu3O7." Solid State Communications 65, no. 8 (February 1988): 869–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(88)90523-6.

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Little, Susan H., Derek Vance, James McManus, Silke Severmann, and Timothy W. Lyons. "Copper isotope signatures in modern marine sediments." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 212 (September 2017): 253–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.019.

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41

Mirnejad, H., R. Mathur, M. Einali, M. Dendas, and S. Alirezaei. "A comparative copper isotope study of porphyry copper deposits in Iran." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 10, no. 4 (November 2010): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/09-229.

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Oganesyants, Lev, Elena Sevostianova, Elena Kuzmina, Mikhail Ganin, Eugene Chebykin, and Aleksandr Suturin. "Isotopic and Chemical Composition of the Deep Water of Lake Baikal." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 51, no. 4 (January 12, 2022): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2021-4-723-732.

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Introduction. Due to its natural composition, the deep water of Lake Baikal can be bottled without any conserving agents. The development of large-scale production of bottled Baikal water requires its detailed study in order to protect it from counterfeit and falsification. The purpose of this work was to study the isotopic and chemical composition of the deep water of Lake Baikal and offer indicators for its identification. Study objects and methods. The research included deep water of Lake Baikal, sampled at various points, the water from the Angara River, and the tap water from the cities of Irkutsk and Shelekhov. The tests were performed using a quadrupole ICP-MS mass spectrometer and a Delta V Plus isotope mass spectrometer with a GasBench II module. Results and discussion. All the water samples revealed fresh water with insignificant mineralization. As for salts, the deep water samples had a lower content of sodium and chlorides, as well as a higher content of silicon. As for metals, the deep water samples contained iron, manganese, copper, and zinc; in the tap water samples, these indicators were significantly higher. Unlike that of the Angara water samples, the isotopic profile of the deep water samples was somewhat “lighter”, both in the ratio of oxygen isotopes δ18O – by 0.73‰, and hydrogen δD – by 0.49‰. The tap water samples had a higher deuterium content. The content of oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in the tap water samples was close to that in the Angara samples. Conclusion. The complex physicochemical and isotope analyses expanded the list of identification indicators and made it possible to identify the deep water of Lake Baikal.

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Coplen, Tyler B., John Karl Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, T. Ding, N. E. Holden, J. A. Hopple, H. R. Krouse, et al. "Isotope-abundance variations of selected elements (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 10 (January 1, 2002): 1987–2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274101987.

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Documented variations in the isotopic compositions of some chemical elements are responsible for expanded uncertainties in the standard atomic weights published by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This report summarizes reported variations in the isotopic compositions of 20 elements that are due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay) and their effects on the standard atomic-weight uncertainties. For 11 of those elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, copper, and selenium), standard atomic-weight uncertainties have been assigned values that are substantially larger than analytical uncertainties because of common isotope-abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin. For 2 elements (chromium and thallium), recently reported isotope-abundance variations potentially are large enough to result in future expansion of their atomic-weight uncertainties. For 7 elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium), documented isotope variations in materials of natural ter- restrial origin are too small to have a significant effect on their standard atomic-weight uncertainties. This compilation indicates the extent to which the atomic weight of an element in a given material may differ from the standard atomic weight of the element. For most elements given above, data are graphically illustrated by a diagram in which the materials are specified in the ordinate and the compositional ranges are plotted along the abscissa in scales of (1) atomic weight, (2) mole fraction of a selected isotope, and (3) delta value of a selected isotope ratio.

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Andrew, Anne, and Colin I. Godwin. "Lead- and strontium-isotope geochemistry of Paleozoic Sicker Group and Jurassic Bonanza Group volcanic rocks and Island Intrusions, Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 894–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-072.

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Whole-rock and galena lead-isotope analyses have been obtained from the Sicker Group Paleozoic island-arc volcanic package and from a Jurassic island-arc represented by the Bonanza Group volcanics and Island Intrusions. Galena lead-isotope analyses from the volcanogenic ore deposits at the Buttle Lake mining camp in the Sicker Group provide estimates of the initial lead ratios for the Sicker Group. Lead-isotope signatures are uniform within each of the major orebodies, but the Myra orebody is less radiogenic than the older H–W orebody. This has major significance in terms of ore genesis for these important deposits.There are significant differences in isotopic composition between the Sicker Group and Devonian island-arc type rocks in the Shasta district, California, which rules out direct correlations between the rock units of these two areas. Relatively high initial values of 207Pb/204Pb (> 15.56) and 208Pb/204Pb (> 38.00) suggest that large quantities of crustal lead must have been involved in the formation of the Sicker Group volcanic rocks. Thus it is proposed that the trench related to the Paleozoic island arc had a substantial input of continental detritus and may have lain near a continent.The Jurassic island arc is characterized by low 207Pb/204Pb ratios (< 15.59), suggesting a more primitive arc environment than for the Paleozoic arc. Bonanza Group volcanic rocks contain lead that is less radiogenic than lead in the Island Intrusions. Present and initial lead-isotope ratios of both the Bonanza Group volcanics and Island intrusions follow the same trend, supporting the hypothesis that they are comagmatic. Lead isotopes from a galena vein within the Island Copper porphyry deposit plot with the initial ratios for Bonanza Group volcanics and Island Intrusions. This confirms the hypothesis that this mineralization is related to the Jurassic island-arc volcanic event.Initial lead-isotope ratios for the Jurassic rock suite form a linear array on both 207Pb/204Pb versus 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb versus 206Pb/204Pb plots. If interpreted as due to isotopic mixing, the more radiogenic end member has a composition that is lower in 207Pb/204Pb and higher in 206Pb/204Pb than typical upper continental crust. Assimilation of Sicker Group material during the emplacement of the Jurassic arc can explain the mixing trend.

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Qiaofan, Hu, Feng Zuohai, Mo Jiangping, and Fang Ke. "Fluid inclusions, H-O-S isotopic characteristics and genesis of the Chambishi copper deposit, Zambia." E3S Web of Conferences 290 (2021): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129003016.

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In this paper, fluid inclusions and H-O-S isotope geochemistry of the Chambishi copper deposit in Zambia are studied. According to the fluid inclusion in quartz and H-O-S isotope characteristics, it is concluded that ore-forming hydrothermal fluid is derived from mantle source and crust source magma mingling, the cause of copper precipitation, sedimentary type sulfur layered mineralization are mainly from diagenetic sulfides and seawater sulfate. Sulfate is mainly reduced by thermochemical method. The hydrothermal vein mineralization of Chambishi copper deposit is closely related to the magmatic activity in the middle Neoproterozoic, and the sedimentary stratified mineralization is mainly related to the large-scale orogeny and regional metamorphism in the late Neoproterozoic.

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Jensen, S. M. "Lead isotope studies on mineral showings and ore deposits in East Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 159 (January 1, 1993): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v159.8217.

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Lead isotope studies indicate an age of 680 ± 65 Ma for syn-diagenetic stratiform copper mineralisation in the Upper Proterozoic Eleonore Bay Supergroup (EBS) sediments. Metals in EBS-hosted veins were remobilised from local host rocks, or derived from underlying Middle Proterozoic gneisses. Tungsten-arsenic skarns associated with Caledonian granites intruded into the EBS incorporated lead mobilised from the basement gneisses mixed with Caledonian granite lead. Isotopic compositions of trace lead in sparse sulphide occurrences in North-East Greenland point to Late Archaean – Early Proterozoic sources, comparable to the local basement gneisses. Base metal mineralisation in Upper Palaeozoic – Mesozoic rocks in central East Greenland shows a limited range. in lead isotope compositions, suggesting that a large, homogeneous crustal reservoir supplied the metals, or that metals from different sources were effectively mixed. Mineralisation in Tertiary igneous rocks in the Kangerdlugssuaq area of southern East Greenland shows lead isotope evidence for contamination by material from lower crustal Archaean sources.

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Pallavicini, Nicola, Emma Engström, Douglas C. Baxter, Björn Öhlander, Johan Ingri, Scott Hawley, Catherine Hirst, Katerina Rodushkina, and Ilia Rodushkin. "Ranges of B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sr, Tl, and Zn Concentrations and Isotope Ratios in Environmental Matrices from an Urban Area." Journal of Spectroscopy 2018 (December 16, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7408767.

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Isotopic information may provide powerful insight into the elemental cycling processes which occur in natural compartments. Further implementation of isotopic techniques in natural sciences requires a better understanding of the range of elemental and isotopic compositional variability in environmental matrices. This study assesses the local-scale concentration and isotopic composition variability of nine elements: boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), strontium (Sr), thallium (Tl), and zinc (Zn) in lysimetric waters, mushrooms, litter, needles, leaves, and lichens. Sequential extractions were also performed on soil samples from 6 depth profiles providing more detailed information on the variability of elemental concentrations and isotope ratios between the elemental pools present in soil. For most of the sample types studied the range of isotopic variability between samples spans almost the entire ranges reported in the literature for natural samples. These results represent a starting point for discussing the role of natural variability in isotopic studies (for example, as a limiting factor in the use of isotopic mixing models) and a baseline for future in-depth studies examining the controls on isotope fraction in natural systems.

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Chen, Yu, Xin Min Huang, Jian Wu Wang, and Xiao Shan Zeng. "The Progress on Study of Isotope Effects in High T_C Copper Oxide Superconductors." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 1957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.1957.

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Through the review of the correlation on the isotope effects research and superconductivity mechanism research as well as the progress on the study of the isotope effects in the high Tc copper oxide superconductors, we have found the fundamental factors that cause the different changes of the isotope effect value in different dope region in high Tc cupper oxide superconductors. We point the high-temperature superconductivity mechanism possible origin phonons mediation electrons.

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Jakobs-Schönwandt, Désirée, Helena Mathies, Wolf-Rainer Abraham, Wolfgang Pritzkow, Ina Stephan, and Matthias Noll. "Biodegradation of a Biocide (Cu-N-Cyclohexyldiazenium Dioxide) Component of a Wood Preservative by a Defined Soil Bacterial Community." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 24 (October 15, 2010): 8076–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01092-10.

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ABSTRACT The wood protection industry has refined their products from chrome-, copper-, and arsenate-based wood preservatives toward solely copper-based preservatives in combination with organic biocides. One of these is Cu-HDO, containing the chelation product of copper and N-cyclohexyldiazenium dioxide (HDO). In this study, the fate of isotope-labeled (13C) and nonlabeled (12C) Cu-HDO incorporated in wood sawdust mixed with soil was investigated. HDO concentration was monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The total carbon and the δ13C content of respired CO2, as well as of the soil-wood-sawdust mixture, were determined with an elemental analyzer-isotopic ratio mass spectrometer. The concentration of HDO decreased significantly after 105 days of incubation, and after 24 days the 13CO2 concentration respired from soil increased steadily to a maximum after 64 days of incubation. Phospholipid fatty acid-stable isotope probing (PFA-SIP) analysis revealed that the dominant PFAs C19:0d8,9, C18:0, C18:1ω7, C18:2ω6,9, C17:1d7,8, C16:0, and C16:1ω7 were highly enriched in their δ13C content. Moreover, RNA-SIP identified members of the phylum Acidobacteria and the genera Phenylobacterium and Comamonas that were assimilating carbon from HDO exclusively. Cu-HDO as part of a wood preservative effectively decreased fungal wood decay and overall microbial respiration from soil. In turn, a defined bacterial community was stimulated that was able to metabolize HDO completely.

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Gangaiah, T., and G. R. K. Naidu. "Homogeneous isotope exchange between copper/II/ and copper/II/-resacetophenone phenylhydrazone complex." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 146, no. 1 (September 1990): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02199270.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Copper isotope'

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