Journal articles: 'Copper induatry and trade'

1

HANCOCK, R. G. V., L. A. PAVLISH, R. M. FARQUHAR, R. SALLOUM, W. A. FOX, and G. C. WILSON. "DISTINGUISHING EUROPEAN TRADE COPPER AND NORTH-EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE COPPER." Archaeometry 33, no. 1 (February 1991): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.1991.tb00686.x.

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2

van de Mieroop, Marc, and Jan Gerrit Dercksen. "The Old Assyrian Copper Trade in Anatolia." American Journal of Archaeology 101, no. 4 (October 1997): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/506838.

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3

Solar, Peter M., and Klas Rönnbäck. "Copper sheathing and the British slave trade." Economic History Review 68, no. 3 (November 23, 2014): 806–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12085.

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4

Huang, Yumeng. "Evolution of global strategic mineral resources trade pattern: a case study of copper." BCP Business & Management 25 (August 30, 2022): 676–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v25i.1895.

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As an important industrial raw material, copper is not only widely used in electrical, light industry, machinery manufacturing, transportation and other fields, but also plays an irreplaceable role in construction, national defense and information and communication fields. In particular, the proportion of electrical and light industry in copper consumption is increasing. This paper combs the copper industry chain, introduces the construction of copper trade network, and analyzes the copper trade pattern and the status of major economies in detail.

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Carré, Guillaume. "Copper in the Early-Modern Sino-Japanese Trade." East Asian Science, Technology and Society 12, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-4386942.

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Alvaro, Rendy. "PENGARUH NILAI KURS, INFLASI, DAN PDB TERHADAP EKSPOR TEMBAGA DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Budget : Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara 4, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22212/jbudget.v4i1.32.

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In the 2015-2019 National Medium-Term Development Plan, the direction of policies and strategies for developing national trade capacity are carried out through two pillars of policy direction, namely the development of domestic trade and the development of foreign trade. Due to sluggish global conditions Indonesia’s export declines significantly. This study aims to analyze the effects of Exchange Rate, Inflation and Gross Domestic Product on copper exports in Indonesia. Method to analyse effects of Exchange Rate, Inflation and Gross Domestic Product on Copper Exports in Indonesia is by using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that the exchange rate, inflation and GDP together have a significant effect on Indonesia's copper exports.

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Tercero Espinoza, Luis A., and Marcel Soulier. "An examination of copper contained in international trade flows." Mineral Economics 29, no. 2-3 (October 13, 2016): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13563-016-0087-2.

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8

Емельянов, А. А., Н. Р. Кельчевская, К. А. Попова, and И. С. Пелымская. "ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF COPPER-IN-STOCK IN THE US ECONOMY." Surgut State University Journal 11, no. 2 (2023): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35266/2312-3419-2023-2-31-37.

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The article analyzes the amount of copper-in-stock as a part of finished articles in the US economy from 1900 to 2017. In addition, an assessment of the external trade of copper as a part of finished articles is conducted. All of that allows collecting a non-biased assessment of copper-in-stock in the US economy. The results obtained demonstrate an increase in specific (per capita) copper-in-stock in the US economy and an assessment of potential copper resources in terms of the circular economy. The authors conclude that an analysis of copper consumption should be accompanied by an analysis of copper as a part of finished articles movement in the external trade during the global value chain spread. That strategy will provide a more nonbiased assessment of copper-in-stock in the economy in order to determine its recycling potential.

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9

Killick, David. "Tracing Ingombe Ilede's trade connections." Antiquity 91, no. 358 (August 2017): 1087–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2017.100.

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McIntosh and Fagan (above) write that “For 45 years, Ingombe Ilede has been viewed as a key nexus linking the Copperbelt and Great Zimbabwe”. Some regional specialists have not believed this since the publication of Swan's (2007) important review of the sizes and shapes of prehistoric copper ingots found in modern Zimbabwe. Swan noted that both of the ingot moulds found at Great Zimbabwe (which have a clear stylistic connection to the Copperbelt) are of the earlier HIH style (ninth to fourteenth centuries AD; de Maret 1995; Nikis & Livingstone Smith in press). But neither the later HXR-style copper ingots (fourteenth to seventeenth centuries)—some of which were excavated at Ingombe Ilede—nor the moulds to make them have been found on a Zimbabwe tradition site. The distribution of HXR ingots within the modern nation of Zimbabwe is almost exclusively in the north, within the former territory of the Mutapa state (Swan 2007: fig. 2). The clear implication is that the HXR ingot style—and thus the elite burials at Ingombe Ilede—post-date the breakup of the state ruled from Great Zimbabwe, which gave birth to the Mutapa (northern) and Torwa (southern) states. The new radiocarbon dates by McIntosh and Fagan provide welcome confirmation of this inference.

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10

Onetto, Cristobal A., Dariusz R. Kutyna, Radka Kolouchova, Jane McCarthy, Anthony R. Borneman, and Simon A. Schmidt. "SO2 and copper tolerance exhibit an evolutionary trade-off in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." PLOS Genetics 19, no. 3 (March 28, 2023): e1010692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010692.

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Copper tolerance and SO2 tolerance are two well-studied phenotypic traits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The genetic bases of these traits are the allelic expansion at the CUP1 locus and reciprocal translocation at the SSU1 locus, respectively. Previous work identified a negative association between SO2 and copper tolerance in S. cerevisiae wine yeasts. Here we probe the relationship between SO2 and copper tolerance and show that an increase in CUP1 copy number does not always impart copper tolerance in S. cerevisiae wine yeast. Bulk-segregant QTL analysis was used to identify variance at SSU1 as a causative factor in copper sensitivity, which was verified by reciprocal hemizygosity analysis in a strain carrying 20 copies of CUP1. Transcriptional and proteomic analysis demonstrated that SSU1 over-expression did not suppress CUP1 transcription or constrain protein production and provided evidence that SSU1 over-expression induced sulfur limitation during exposure to copper. Finally, an SSU1 over-expressing strain exhibited increased sensitivity to moderately elevated copper concentrations in sulfur-limited medium, demonstrating that SSU1 over-expression burdens the sulfate assimilation pathway. Over-expression of MET 3/14/16, genes upstream of H2S production in the sulfate assimilation pathway increased the production of SO2 and H2S but did not improve copper sensitivity in an SSU1 over-expressing background. We conclude that copper and SO2 tolerance are conditional traits in S. cerevisiae and provide evidence of the metabolic basis for their mutual exclusivity. These findings suggest an evolutionary driver for the extreme amplification of CUP1 observed in some yeasts.

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11

Chen, Wei. "Evolution of New Energy Minerals Trade Pattern and Analysis of China’s Status Evolution." Transactions on Economics, Business and Management Research 5 (March 31, 2024): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/qryq2707.

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Copper, cobalt, nickel as the key raw materials for the new energy automobile industry, the supply and demand of resources and international trade are largely affected by the world economy and political pattern, and the risks and vulnerabilities of the resource industry chain are highlighted. Using the method of complex network to analyze the trade network of three kinds of mineral resources from the perspective of industrial chain, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the global trade network of three kinds of new energy minerals in the whole industrial chain all presents the characteristics of complexity and connection enhancement, and has the characteristics of the network of the small world; (2) China has become an important hub in the global trade network of copper, cobalt, and nickel, and has a stronger ability to control the trade of other countries.

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12

Moreau, Jean-François, Ron G. V. Hancock, and Marc Côté. "Copper-based alloy artefacts from the Témiscamingue fur trade post (Quebec, Canada)." Open Journal of Archaeometry 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2013): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/arc.2013.e27.

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One hundred and forty-four artefacts from the collection of copper-based alloy specimens excavated from the site of Fort Témiscamingue (Western Quebec, Canada; late 16th to 18th centuries) were submitted to instrumental neutron activation analysis. While some specimens were brassy copper (high copper and very low zinc content), others were brass (lower copper and high zinc content). The brass artefacts confirm the indication based on historical documents of the settling of Fort Témiscamingue in the 1720 since metal Zn began to be produced in Europe by the beginning of the 18th century. The brassy copper artefacts could be containers made with 17th century techniques but still in use when Fort Témiscamingue was erected, or they could indicate direct or indirect trade with the French during the 17th century.

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13

Claudia, Greatty, and Iman Murtono Soenhadji. "Market Overview of Indonesia Copper Export Commodity (Case of Indonesia, Thailand, and Japan Copper Exporting Countries in 2004-2018)." Journal Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management 1, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i3.19.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze developments, measure the level of trade specialization, and explore the story of competitiveness of Indonesia, Thailand, and Japan copper commodity exports in the world market. The analytical methods used are TSI (Trade Specialization Index), RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage), RCTA (Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage), and AR (Acceleration Ratio). The results showed that Indonesia's copper exports and Indonesian specialization level towards Thailand were at the Maturity stage because the average obtained was 0.910. But for Indonesia, Japan for -0,462 and Thailand for Japan, -0,385 are in the Import Substitution stage, and for Indonesia, itself is in the Growth stage with an average of 0.792. As for the RCA results, Indonesia is the most superior because it has an RCA value of> 1 as much as 15, followed by Thailand with an RCA> 1 as much as three, which means that Indonesia has a comparative advantage over the world market and Thailand also has good competitiveness, but for Japan, it does not have an RCA> 1 which means it has no comparative advantage to the world market. The RCTA results show that Indonesia has high competitiveness against the world market because it has had a positive index result for 15 years. AR results show that Indonesia and Japan can seize the copper export market to the world market, while for Thailand for the past three years, namely in 2016-2018.

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14

Claudia, Greatty, and Iman Murtono Soenhadji. "Market Overview of Indonesia Copper Export Commodity (Case of Indonesia, Thailand, and Japan Copper Exporting Countries in 2004-2018)." Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management 1, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v1i3.19.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze developments, measure the level of trade specialization, and explore the story of competitiveness of Indonesia, Thailand, and Japan copper commodity exports in the world market. The analytical methods used are TSI (Trade Specialization Index), RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage), RCTA (Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage), and AR (Acceleration Ratio). The results showed that Indonesia's copper exports and Indonesian specialization level towards Thailand were at the Maturity stage because the average obtained was 0.910. But for Indonesia, Japan for -0,462 and Thailand for Japan, -0,385 are in the Import Substitution stage, and for Indonesia, itself is in the Growth stage with an average of 0.792. As for the RCA results, Indonesia is the most superior because it has an RCA value of> 1 as much as 15, followed by Thailand with an RCA> 1 as much as three, which means that Indonesia has a comparative advantage over the world market and Thailand also has good competitiveness, but for Japan, it does not have an RCA> 1 which means it has no comparative advantage to the world market. The RCTA results show that Indonesia has high competitiveness against the world market because it has had a positive index result for 15 years. AR results show that Indonesia and Japan can seize the copper export market to the world market, while for Thailand for the past three years, namely in 2016-2018.

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15

Maniscalco, Laura. "Ocher Containers and Trade in the Central Mediterranean Copper Age." American Journal of Archaeology 93, no. 4 (October 1989): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505327.

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16

Zhang, Ling, Tianming Chen, Jiameng Yang, Zhijian Cai, Hu Sheng, Zengwei Yuan, and Huijun Wu. "Characterizing copper flows in international trade of China, 1975–2015." Science of The Total Environment 601-602 (December 2017): 1238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.216.

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17

Zhou, Fangzheng. "Analysis of the Impact of the Net Zero Movement on International Trade." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 37, no. 1 (November 10, 2023): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/37/20231869.

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The net-zero carbon emission mission raised by UNFCCC accelerated the already looming shortage of various key metals in the construction of renewable energy facilities, such as copper for the construction of solar panels. Using basic econometric tools through Stata, this paper studied the effect on copper prices related to the net-zero campaign, aiming at both establishing the validity of such an effect and quantifying its scale. Relevant data from FRED demonstrates that this effect drives up copper price at a high significance level and quantifies it to be 2440.636 USD per metric ton. This effect also seems to be lagging into future periods, and a staggered events analysis suggests that the growth in copper price due to the net-zero campaign will decelerate in the near future. Potential flaws are discussed, and several valid and valuable future research directions are also raised.

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18

Katic, S., I. Ilic, and D. Zivkovic. "Copper production in Majdanpek in sixties and seventies of the 16th century." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 45, no. 2 (2009): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0902213k.

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In this paper the practice of mine Majdanpek during sixties and seventies of the XVI century has been investigated with an accent on copper production. The attention has been also given to various subjects from considering copper treatment and use to forbidden activities connected to copper illegal production and trade with Persia.

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19

Li, Yu, Haizhong An, Xiangyun Gao, Siyao Liu, Qingru Sun, and Yiran Zhao. "The influence of copper trade relation structure on copper price: From the perspective of industrial chain." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 192 (May 2023): 106933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.106933.

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20

PASWAN, ANAND SHANKAR. "INDIA’S BILATERAL TRADE WITH CHINA- EMPIRICAL STUDY BASED ON TRADE INTENSITY INDEX & TRADE RECIPROCITY INDEX." Studies in Economics and Business Relations 2, no. 1 (July 14, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/sebr.v2i1.81.

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This paper is an attempt to examine and compare the bilateral relationship between India and China. It analyses the trends in trade and the major composition of commodities being traded between India and China during the period (2008-2017). Annual Growth Rate (AGR), Combined Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Trade Intensity Index (TII), and Trade Reciprocity Index (TRI) have been used in order to analyse the bilateral trade between India and China. The present study reveals that India imports 3 to 4 times more than it exports to China whereas overall trade between India and China also increased over the years specially in the area of import as compare to India’s total trade to the world. However, the top ten commodities that have been dominating in India’s trade with China are: Ores, Cotton, Copper and articles, Organic chemicals, Electrical machinery & equipment, nuclear reactors, etc. Trade Intensity Index reveals there is serious unbalanced trade relationship between India and China from India’s point of view and India need to take productive steps for minimising unbalanced trade balance. Whereas, TRI index also reveals that India is stepping towards unbalanced trade with China as the import indices keep on increasing in comparison to export indices and therefore, balance of trade results unfavourable which requires India to rethink and revamp its export and import policy.

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21

Knapp, A. Bernard. "Ethnicity, Entrepreneurship, and Exchange: Mediterranean Inter-island Relations in the Late Bronze Age." Annual of the British School at Athens 85 (November 1990): 115–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015616.

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New data on Late Bronze Age Cypriot and Aegean material found in the eastern, southern, and central Mediterranean significantly alter timeworn concepts about the scope and extent of Mediterranean trade systems. Recent geochemical and statistical analyses highlight the pivotal role played by the production, distribution, and consumption of copper oxhide ingots in the Bronze Age economies of the wider Mediterranean world. As a consequence, it is possible to propose some basic hypotheses on metallurgical origins, and on the possible orientation of Mediterranean Bronze Age trade and traders.Two basic issues are involved: 1) did increased trade with the eastern Mediterranean stimulate production and intensify exchange mechanisms in the central Mediterranean? 2) or did eastern Mediterranean traders simply plug into an existing politico-economic system that somehow monitored metals' production and exchange further west?This paper also evaluates the impact of new archaeological and metallurgical data on traditional interpretations of Cypriot copper production and exchange in its Late Bronze Age Mediterranean context. Whilst Cypriot copper production remained important to the economy of the Bronze Age Mediterranean, it also made key tactical and commercial adjustments to the coming Age of Iron. Mechanisms of Mediterranean trade are still difficult to pin down, and it is unrealistic to do more than propose basic models of entrepreneurship, ethnicity, and exchange.

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22

Epstein, Jeremiah F. "Cabeza de Vaca and the Sixteenth-Century Copper Trade in Northern Mexico." American Antiquity 56, no. 3 (July 1991): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280896.

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Descriptions of Indians in northern Mexico with copper artifacts occur in the sixteenth-century expedition reports of Cabeza de Vaca, Francisco Ibarra, and Father Rodríguez. The phrasing of Cabeza de Vaca's account indicates that both copper bells and plates were excavated from abandoned villages and then traded widely. Statements given in all three journals point to the site of Paquimé, or Casas Grandes, in Chihuahua as the most probable source. Since Casas Grandes was deserted in the sixteenth century, it is suggested that the copper objects found among the Indians in northern Mexico by Cabeza de Vaca, Ibarra, and Rodríguez were looted from Casas Grandes rather than obtained by trade from west Mexico or Mesoamerica.

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23

Delaney, Nathan. "The Great War and the transformation of the Atlantic copper trade." Scandinavian Economic History Review 65, no. 3 (September 2, 2017): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2017.1377633.

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24

Hosler, D., and A. Macfarlane. "Copper Sources, Metal Production, and Metals Trade in Late Postclassic Mesoamerica." Science 273, no. 5283 (September 27, 1996): 1819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5283.1819.

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25

Silber, Allan B. "Copper recycling: How trade and the environment will shape the future." JOM 49, no. 2 (February 1997): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02915477.

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26

Wang, Chao, Xia Huang, Ming K. Lim, Ming-Lang Tseng, and Pezhman Ghadimi. "Mapping the structural evolution in the global scrap copper trade network." Journal of Cleaner Production 275 (December 2020): 122934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122934.

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27

Ranestad, Kristin. "Copper trade and production of copper, brass and bronze goods in the Oldenburg monarchy: copperworks and copper users in the eighteenth century." Scandinavian Economic History Review 67, no. 2 (January 13, 2019): 190–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2019.1566767.

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28

Stevenson, Christopher M., Madeleine Gunter-Bassett, and Laure Dussubieux. "Examining the Seventeenth-Century Copper Trade: An Analysis of Smelted Copper from Sites in Virginia and North Carolina." American Antiquity 89, no. 1 (January 2024): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2023.99.

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AbstractWhen the colonists who made up the Virginia Company of London established James Fort on the banks of the James River in 1607, they brought with them sheets of scrap copper. Based in large part on the experience of the earlier Roanoke Colony, the English knew that copper was a highly prized material among Native peoples of the Chesapeake, and they brought it with them as a trade item. Artifacts made from European smelted copper (impure copper and copper alloy) have been found at contact period sites (ca. AD 1607–1680) throughout Virginia, and James Fort has long been hypothesized to be the primary distribution point for that material. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the elemental composition of a sample of smelted copper artifacts from James Fort (1607–ca. 1625), as well as samples of copper artifacts from five Native sites in central Virginia. We also analyzed a sample of copper artifacts from another well-known European fort site—Fort San Juan (1567–1568) in North Carolina. The results suggest that although a portion of the smelted copper that circulated through Native networks in Virginia came from James Fort, the rest of it possibly came from English, French, or Dutch distribution points to the northeast.

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Shimada, Ryuto. "Dancing around the Bride: The Inter-Asian Competition for Japanese Copper, 1700–1760." Itinerario 27, no. 2 (July 2003): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300020520.

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Adam Smith, the well-known eighteenth-century economist, investigated a number of important themes regarding the Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindbche Compagnie, VOC) as well as its counterpart, the English East India Company. These continue to provide principal topics in the historical study of the VOC. Through a systematic analysis, he came to the conclusion that free trade is more beneficial to the wealth of nations than monopolised trade. In his view, an economy based on the division of production along with competition among market participants was the best precondition for accelerating economic development.

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Boyd, Sada M., Kristen L. Rhinehardt, Akamu J. Ewunkem, Scott H. Harrison, Misty D. Thomas, and Joseph L. Graves. "Experimental Evolution of Copper Resistance in Escherichia coli Produces Evolutionary Trade-Offs in the Antibiotics Chloramphenicol, Bacitracin, and Sulfonamide." Antibiotics 11, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060711.

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The rise in antimicrobial resistant bacteria have prompted the need for antibiotic alternatives. To address this problem, significant attention has been given to the antimicrobial use and novel applications of copper. As novel applications of antimicrobial copper increase, it is important to investigate how bacteria may adapt to copper over time. Here, we used experimental evolution with re-sequencing (EER-seq) and RNA-sequencing to study the evolution of copper resistance in Escherichia coli. Subsequently, we tested whether copper resistance led to rifampicin, chloramphenicol, bacitracin, and/or sulfonamide resistance. Our results demonstrate that E. coli is capable of rapidly evolving resistance to CuSO4 after 37 days of selection. We also identified multiple de novo mutations and differential gene expression patterns associated with copper, most notably those mutations identified in the cpx gene. Furthermore, we found that the copper resistant bacteria had decreased sensitivity when compared to the ancestors in the presence of chloramphenicol, bacitracin, and sulfonamide. Our data suggest that the selection of copper resistance may inhibit growth in the antimicrobials tested, resulting in evolutionary trade-offs. The results of our study may have important implications as we consider the antimicrobial use of copper and how bacteria may respond to increased use over time.

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Rahmawati, Irma. "PROSPEK KERJASAMA PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA – INDIA." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 1, no. 3 (February 6, 2018): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v1i3.302.

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This Research was conducated to see the progress of Trade relationship between Indonesia and India , to see global picture of benefit to do a free trade agreements (FTA) with India, to see future prospect of Indonesian Main export Comodities to India. India was Indonesian good Trade partner, and it was shown by the increase of total Trade and also Trade balance in each year. Simulation by WITS-Smart Programme show that realization of FTA between Indonesia and India will benefit for both countries. Simulation of India’s tariff cut show there are an increase on welfare in India and export in Indonesia. Most of main export Comodities have good prospect to increase with FTA realization. Prospect Indicators are seen by copper growth from the wortlh, and the value of Trade total effect that is created by the realization of FTA.

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Hanni, Michael, and Andrea Podestá. "Trade misinvoicing in copper products: a case study of Chile and Peru." CEPAL Review 2019, no. 127 (October 2, 2019): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/91479091-en.

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DANIEL MAXIM, L. "Exchange Rates and the International Trade in Metals: The Case of Copper." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 3, no. 1-4 (March 1988): 195–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827508808952622.

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34

Zhang, Ling, Liang Wang, Miaomiao Wang, and Zengwei Yuan. "Multilevel analysis of copper resource reallocation in the anthroposphere through international trade." Resources Policy 88 (January 2024): 104434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104434.

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35

Gale, Noel. "Archaeology, science-based archaeology and the Mediterranean Bronze Age metals trade: a contribution to the debate." European Journal of Archaeology 4, no. 1 (2001): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2001.4.1.113.

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The current consensus is outlined about the application of lead isotope analyses to metal provenance studies and to the unravelling of the Mediterranean Bronze Age copper trade, with special reference to copper oxhide ingots. Various misconceptions, especially some of those contained in Knapp (1999, 2000), are corrected. It is shown that there is no need to fall back on hypotheses based upon the Mediterranean-wide mixing/recycling of copper metals to explain the lead isotope characteristics of post-1250 BC copper oxhide ingots, since there is a good isotopic coincidence between these ingots and the Apliki region ore deposits in Cyprus. Weaknesses are exposed in the hypotheses of direct or indirect pooling of Cypriot ores, and of the proposed widespread recycling of metals in a Mediterranean-widekoine, particularly since there is no evidence for a homogeneity of lead isotope composition in artefacts and no tin in the oxhide ingots.

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RAUTRAY, T. R., V. VIJAYAN, P. K. NAYAK, and S. JENA. "ANALYSIS OF COPPER COINS BY EDXRF TECHNIQUE." International Journal of PIXE 14, no. 03n04 (January 2004): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083504000197.

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Coins are important archaeological objects that can provide useful information regarding preparation methodology and provenance. Their classification plays a fundamental role in dating historical events, in constructing trade routes and in establishing the welfare of population. Several Indian copper coins of different periods have been studied using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopic technique. The method is rapid, efficient, multi elemental and non-destructive in nature. Concentrations of the major and trace elements like Ca , Ti , V , Cr , Mn , Fe , Co , Ni , Cu , Zn , As and Pb have been estimated in these copper coins. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to characterize some Indian copper coins of different periods using EDXRF technique.

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Hauptmann, Andreas, Gabi Schneider, and Christoph Bartels. "The Shipwreck of Bom Jesus, AD 1533: Fugger Copper in Namibia." Journal of African Archaeology 14, no. 2 (January 12, 2016): 184–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10288.

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In AD 1533, the Portuguese trade vessel Bom Jesus sunk off the coast of southern Namibia, near the modern town of Oranjemund. Coming from Lisbon on its way to western India, it contained a multifold load of naval equipment and commodities for trade and exchange. Amongst the excavated materials recovered from the presumed shipwreck of the Bom Jesus, of paramount importance are 1845 copper ingots, showing the trademark of the Fugger company from the Freie Reichsstadt of Augsburg, Germany. Historical accounts testify to massive copper and silver production of the Fugger-Thurzo company in the area of Neusohl in the Slovak Ore Mountains. Geochemical analyses of 60 copper ingots from the wreck show an extraordinarily homogeneous composition with appreciable concentrations of lead, silver, antimony, nickel, and arsenic indicating the smelting of fahlores. Lead was found to be added deliberately to the copper to extract silver by the Liquation Process. This technological innovation is one of the numerous hallmarks of the Renaissance period and the “Age of Discovery”. Lead isotope abundance ratios point to an origin from lead deposits in Cracow-Silesia. The ore districts of Neusohl and Cracow-Silesia were intensively connected to mining and metal production during the postmedieval period. This study forcefully shows the advantage of combined historical and natural science studies.

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Tran, Hien Thi, and Phong Duc Pham. "Research and complete the processing technology of Son La oxide copper ores for the Tay Bac Minerals Joint Stock Company." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 62, no. 3b (July 20, 2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2021.62(3b).03.

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The copper ore processing plant of the Tay Bac Minerals Joint Stock Company has been designed and operated to produce metallic copper from copper sulphide ores and copper oxide ores in Son La province. Copper sulphide ores are processed to produce copper concentrates with content of more than 20% Cu for the next processing stage, while copper oxide ores, with average content of 1÷3% Cu and after grinding, are fed directly into hydrometallurgical processes to extract copper. However, this process requires large amount of chemicals. Therefore, the economic efficiency is not high. The National Institute of Mining - Metallurgy Science and Technology has researched and proposed a reasonable technology process for Son La copper oxide ores for solving difficulties and perfecting the processing technology at the plant that improves economic efficiency and minimizes environmental pollutions. This report presents results of the experimental production research project with the code CNKK.013.19, implemented by the Institute of Materials Science and sponsored by the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

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Hussein Jassim Hussein, Zahraa, and Zaineb Fadhil Kadhim. "Recycling Process of Copper Alloys." BIO Web of Conferences 97 (2024): 00062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249700062.

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This work gives a diagram of the copper (cu) reusing handle, from the scrap updating to the softening handle. Developments and unused patterns with respect to the cu reusing innovations are highlighted. Copper reusing offers focal points in terms of natural and financial benefits. The nearness of pernicious pollutions in reused copper combinations is expanding and this is often the most disadvantage in case compared to essential combinations. The nonstop development of undesired components can be moderated by distinctive advances, preparatory operations, and medicines, and by the advancement of the dissolving handle. Downsizing and weakening are conceivable arrangements to reduce the rate of debasements, but they are not sustainable in case the ultimate utilize of Al amalgam persistently increments. The most targets within the advancement of the Al reusing are appeared and examined. In particular, the advancement of preparatory medicines of the scrap, as sorting, comminution and de-coating, is detailed and a audit of the softening innovations is additionally displayed. Be that as it may, the choice of performing preparatory operations to the softening organize, in this way making strides the working conditions amid the heater running, could be a trade-off between costs and handle effectiveness.

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Bezrukov, L., and A. Fartyshev. "Features of Mongolian Foreign Trade: Risks for Russia." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 3 (2022): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-3-101-109.

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The dynamics of Mongolia’s foreign trade over the past three decades and its leading role in the country’s economic growth are revealed. In the context of a narrow specialization in the mining industry, the growth of the Mongolian economy is strongly dependent on the export of mineral raw materials, which overwhelmingly dominate in the structure of total exports. The overwhelming majority of these cargoes go to China, whose share in Mongolia’s foreign trade turnover is growing steadily since the early 1990s, while the same one of Russia is falling. The role of Siberia and the Far East in cooperation with Mongolia sharply decreased. It has been established that the values of Mongolian exports of fluorspar, molybdenum and copper ores and concentrates exceed Russian ones, and Mongolian export of zinc and tungsten ores and concentrates, iron ore and coal are not so significantly inferior. Comparison of the prospects for increasing exports of Mongolia’s key foreign trade goods – coal and copper concentrate – with the corresponding capabilities of the eastern regions of Russia indicates an aggravation in the near future of competition between Mongolian and Russian mineral commodities for foreign markets, primarily for the Chinese. Considering this, Russia loses to Mongolia due to a much longer and, accordingly, costly output of mineral raw materials to foreign markets. Measures are proposed to reduce the risks of competition between Mongolian and Russian mineral commodities on foreign markets and to intensify their trade and economic cooperation, that includes the following: the restoration of traditional foreign trade relations, the creation of international transport corridors and the construction of new railway lines, an increase in the depth of processing of mineral raw materials, the implementation of joint large-scale projects.

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ANDRONOVA, I. V., and A. A. TINKOVA. "EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION ON THE NON-FUEL MINERAL COMMODITIES’ MARKETS." Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 235, no. 3 (2022): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2022-235-3-337-344.

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The article analyzes the role of resource endowment as a factor of regional economic integration’s economic security. The key markets of non-fuel minerals, where the Eurasian Economic Union has a high export potential, have been identified. The place and role of the EAEU in the world markets of chromium, sulfur, antimony, copper, industrial diamonds, platinum are analyzed using relative export indicators. The author reveals the risk of foreign trade pressure exerted by export partners among the key risks associated with the dominant position of the EAEU in these markets, in the context of trade wars and sanctions. It is proposed to monitor on a regular basis key foreign trade indicators for strategically important goods, including non-fuel minerals. This will lead to the development of a common strategy for their production, processing and trade and help strengthening the foreign trade position of the EAEU in global markets.

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Yoon, Sung. "The Effects of the RCS’s Application in the Value Added Tax Collecting Process on the Perception of SME Taxpayer in Korea’s Trade Activity: Transparency and Fairness in Trade." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2018): 4132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114132.

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Value Added Tax (VAT) is the largest source of global tax revenue. However, it faces issues of tax avoidance, such as the black-market and missing trader intra-community fraud. Many studies have postulated that the introduction of the Reverse Charge System (RCS) will contribute to the enhancement of transparency and fairness in trade for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that supply goods or provide services. This study analyzes SME taxpayers’ perception of transparency and fairness in trade resulting from the introduction of the RCS into the South Korean VAT system. In B2B transactions that handle gold, copper, and steel scrap, large companies often abuse their bargaining power over smaller firms by not paying VAT with their purchase or reducing the prices to equal VAT, leading to low trade transparency. When it comes to gold, copper and steel scrap trading, the imbalance in bargaining power results in one of the parties being unable to reap maximum benefits because of unfairness. SMEs with relatively weak bargaining power suffer from unfair trading practices such as price cutting and the imposition of VAT by their counterparts. Since the introduction of the RCS, however, SME taxpayers appear to believe that trade fairness has improved. This study’s findings reveal that SMEs are more likely to perceive improvement in trade transparency and fairness since the implementation of the RCS, indicating that the RCS has exerted a positive influence on SMEs. This study provides important policy implications for countries that intend to implement the RCS by offering empirical evidence of its benefits.

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Beckers, Jarl, Diederik Coppitters, Ward De Paepe, Francesco Contino, Joeri Van Mierlo, and Björn Verrelst. "Multi-Fidelity Design Optimisation of a Solenoid-Driven Linear Compressor." Actuators 9, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9020038.

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Improved management and impermeability of refrigerants is a leading solution to reverse global warming. Therefore, crank-driven reciprocating refrigerator compressors are gradually replaced by more efficient, oil-free and hermetic linear compressors. However, the design and operation of an electromagnetic actuator, fitted on the compression requirements of a reciprocating linear compressor, received limited attention. Current research mainly focuses on the optimisation of short stroke linear compressors, while long stroke compressors benefit from higher isentropic and volumetric efficiencies. Moreover, designing such a system focuses mainly on the trade-off between number of copper windings and the current required, due to the large computational cost of performing a full geometric design optimisation based on a Finite Element Method. Therefore, in this paper, a computationally-efficient, multi-objective design optimisation for six geometric design parameters has been applied on a solenoid driven linear compressor with a stroke of 44.2 mm. The proposed multi-fidelity optimisation approach takes advantage of established models for actuator optimisation in mechatronic applications, combined with analytical equations established for a solenoid actuator to increase the overall computational efficiency. This paper consists of the multi-fidelity optimisation algorithm, the analytic model and Finite Element Method of a solenoid and the optimised designs obtained for optimised power and copper volume, which dominates the actuator cost. The optimisation results illustrate a trade-off between minimising the peak power and minimising the volume of copper windings. Considering this trade-off, an intermediate design is highlighted, which requires 33.3% less power, at the expense of an increased copper volume by 5.3% as opposed to the design achieving the minimum copper volume. Despite that the effect of the number of windings on the input current remains a dominant design characteristic, adapting the geometric parameters reduces the actuator power requirements significantly as well. Finally, the multi-fidelity optimisation algorithm achieves a 74% reduction in computational cost as opposed to an entire Finite Element Method optimisation. Future work focuses on a similar optimisation approach for a permanent magnet linear actuator.

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Casanova, Carlos, Le Xia, and Romina Ferreira. "Measuring Latin America’s export dependency on China." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 9, no. 3 (October 3, 2016): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-08-2016-0022.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to deploy an export dependency index to identify the sectors and countries in Latin America which are most exposed to fluctuations in Chinese demand. Bilateral trade between China and Latin America has grown very quickly in the past decade. As a consequence, economic relationships with Latin America intensified tremendously, as growing demand for resources drove China into relatively unexplored frontiers. Design/methodology/approach The Index measures the relative exposure of Latin American exporters to shifts in demand from China and is scaled from 0 to 1 (the higher the score, the more exposed an exporter is to disruptions of trade with China). The authors undertook the analysis using six-digit trade figures from the United Nations COMTRADE database (Harmonized System 2007 nomenclature) to ensure granularity and consistency and contrasted their results across two points in time, 2008 and 2014. The analysis was very comprehensive, covering the products that accounted for 80 per cent or more of all exports to China in 2014, for all countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Findings According to our estimates, dependency on China increased overboard across Latin America for all countries and all sectors between 2008 and 2014. Absolute dependency levels were highest in Costa Rica, Colombia, Uruguay, Venezuela, Brazil, Panama, Peru, Chile, Guyana and Argentina. Of these, the largest exporters to China, namely, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela, featured high dependencies concentrated around just four commodities: soy in the form of soybeans and soybean oil; crude oil; copper in the form of copper ore, copper cathodes and unrefined copper; and iron ore. These four commodities accounted for 80 per cent of the regions’ total exports to China. Originality/value This is one of few studies that look into Latin America’s commodity export dependency on China at such granular level.

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HAO, Min, Weiqiang CHEN, Zijie MA, Chao ZHANG, and Jianbang GAN. "Benefits and risks of China’s copper waste and scrap trade during 2000-2015." 资源科学 42, no. 8 (2020): 1515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18402/resci.2020.08.07.

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Li, Baihua, Huajiao Li, Zhiliang Dong, Yu Lu, Nairong Liu, and Xiaoqing Hao. "The global copper material trade network and risk evaluation: A industry chain perspective." Resources Policy 74 (December 2021): 102275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102275.

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Gale, N. H., and Z. A. Stos-Gale. "Oxhide Copper Ingots in Crete and Cyprus and the Bronze Age Metals Trade." Annual of the British School at Athens 81 (November 1986): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400020098.

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Lead isotope and neutron activation analyses of second millennium BC copper ingots are described. Examples from Cyprus, from the Mathiati hoard, and from Skouriotissa are consistent, and show similarities with Late Cypriot bronze artefacts from Hala Sultan Teke and Ayios Dhimitrios. Analysis of the Hagia Triada ingots shows that these Cretan examples were not imports from Cyprus. The possibility that they used Cretan ores is discussed and rejected. It is tentatively suggested they may be of Anatolian origin. It is clear that the Late Bronze Age metal trade was organized on a more complex basis than was previously assumed to be the case.

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Dong, Di, Haizhong An, and Shupei Huang. "The transfer of embodied carbon in copper international trade: An industry chain perspective." Resources Policy 52 (June 2017): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.02.009.

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Svenson, Sven E. "Growth of `Cunningham's White' Rhododendron in Plastic and Fiber Pots Treated With Copper Hydroxide." HortTechnology 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.1.134.

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Shoot and root growth responses of `Cunningham's White' rhododendron (Rhododendron x) was studied when grown in black plastic or molded fiber pots treated with copper hydroxide, or not treated. Containers of two sizes were studied, and the influence of pot type on substrate temperature was recorded. Rhododendron shoot height and dry weight was not influenced by pot volume, pot type, or copper treatment at 49, 131, or 362 d after potting. Rhododendron shoots were larger when grown in 3.8-L (trade 2-gal) pots compared to 2.8-L (trade 1-gal) pots, or when grown in 3.8-L fiber pots compared to 3.8-L plastic pots, both 131 and 362 d after potting. Copper treatment did not influence shoot size. Copper treatment reduced the amount of circling or matted roots at the container-substrate interface for both plastic and fiber pots, but there was better control of root growth in 3.8-L pots compared to 2.8-L pots. Substrate average minimum temperatures were warmer, and average maximum temperatures were cooler when pots were located near the center of the growing block compared to the southwest corner ofthe growing block. Substrate average maximum temperatures were cooler in fiber pots compared to plastic pots, but only when pots were located on the southwest corner of the growing block.

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Cooper, H. Kory, and Antonio Simonetti. "Lead Isotope Analysis of Geological Native Copper: Implications for Archaeological Provenance Research in the North American Arctic and Subarctic." Minerals 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070667.

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The Indigenous inhabitants of Arctic and Subarctic North America had been using native copper for several centuries prior to sustained interaction with Europeans beginning in the 18th century. The connection, if any, between the use of copper in these two adjacent regions is, at present, unclear. The ability to determine the source of native copper artifacts found in greater northwestern North America would inform on the movement of copper via trade and exchange between, and aid in understanding the innovation and diffusion of native copper metallurgy among, ancestral Dene and Inuit People. This paper provides the results of a Lead Isotope Analysis (LIA) pilot study examining Pb isotope ratios of native copper samples from multiple locations in the northern regions of North America. The results from this preliminary study indicate some overlap in Pb isotope ratios between Arctic and Subarctic sources of native copper, and these nonetheless record distinct isotope signatures relative to those associated with other North American native Cu deposits.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Copper induatry and trade'

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