Journal articles: 'Copper in the body'

1

Doctor, Mariya Bashir, Deepika C Parameswarappa, Pravin Krishna Vaddavalli, and Padmaja Kumari Rani. "Intralenticular copper foreign body." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 12 (December 2020): e240757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-240757.

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2

Turnlund, J. R. "Human whole-body copper metabolism." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67, no. 5 (May 1998): 960S—964S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/67.5.960s.

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3

Twomey, Patrick J. "Raised serum copper results does not mean excess body copper." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 21, no. 2 (June 2007): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2007.03.004.

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4

Liu, Hua Li, Fei Gao, Wan Hua Nong, and Rong Fu. "Effect of Incremental Copper Powders Third Body on Friction Properties of Q235 Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 1567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.1567.

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To understand the effects of the third body of copper in the copper-based composite materials on the friction properties, the effect of copper powders on the friction properties of Q235 steel is studied by using the pin-on-disk tester and adding copper powders third body. The results show that when the friction speed at 500-3000 r/min, due to the incremental copper powders, the depth of the furrows on the friction surface was reduced and the adhesion and spalling process of surface third body were intensified, which results that the frictional coefficients of the Q235 steel are increased 0.2-0.35 comparing with that of without adding copper powders. The reason is that incremental copper third body plays the role of increasing the meshing of the asperity and the actual friction area.

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5

Focarelli, Francesca, Andrea Giachino, and Kevin John Waldron. "Copper microenvironments in the human body define patterns of copper adaptation in pathogenic bacteria." PLOS Pathogens 18, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): e1010617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010617.

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Copper is an essential micronutrient for most organisms that is required as a cofactor for crucial copper-dependent enzymes encoded by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Evidence accumulated over several decades has shown that copper plays important roles in the function of the mammalian immune system. Copper accumulates at sites of infection, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and in blood and urine, and its antibacterial toxicity is directly leveraged by phagocytic cells to kill pathogens. Copper-deficient animals are more susceptible to infection, whereas those fed copper-rich diets are more resistant. As a result, copper resistance genes are important virulence factors for bacterial pathogens, enabling them to detoxify the copper insult while maintaining copper supply to their essential cuproenzymes. Here, we describe the accumulated evidence for the varied roles of copper in the mammalian response to infections, demonstrating that this metal has numerous direct and indirect effects on immune function. We further illustrate the multifaceted response of pathogenic bacteria to the elevated copper concentrations that they experience when invading the host, describing both conserved and species-specific adaptations to copper toxicity. Together, these observations demonstrate the roles of copper at the host–pathogen interface and illustrate why bacterial copper detoxification systems can be viable targets for the future development of novel antibiotic drug development programs.

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6

Zhou, M., S. J. Wu, X. H. Tan, Q. X. Sun, X. C. Li, Y. W. Dong, C. H. You, and Y. H. Huang. "Growth performance and dynamic copper accumulation in tissues of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae under copper exposure." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 9, no. 12 (October 24, 2023): 1655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230020.

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Abstract To figure out the copper metabolism features in vivo and evaluate the potential risk of copper residue in tissues of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and their by-products, the effects of oral copper exposure of 0, 50, 500 and 1000 mg/kg (Control, Cu50, Cu500 and Cu1000) on growth performance and dynamic copper accumulation in the fat body, cuticle of BSFL and the rearing residue were investigated in a 12-days rearing trial. The results showed that, the body weight and length, and body protein content of BSFL were improved by exposure to 50 mg/kg copper, but reduced by exposure to 500 and 1000 mg/kg copper, as well as that of the pre-pupa rate. Under the copper exposure of 500 and 1000 mg/kg, the copper concentrations in the larval fat body were high at the early developmental stage, but sharply reduced to be 8.1 ± 0.3 mg/kg within 12 days with no significant differences among groups. Similarly, the copper concentrations in the cuticle also decreased rapidly to be 46.3 ± 2.9 and 91.3 ± 9.4 mg/kg in the Cu500 and Cu1000 groups within 12 days, but they were significantly higher than those of the control (8.1 ± 0.3 mg/kg) and Cu50 (10.1 ± 1.1 mg/kg) groups. The linear regression analysis between copper exposure doses and copper concentrations in the rearing residues indicated that the latter are dose- and time-dependent. Overall, the growth performance and body protein content of BSFL were improved by low copper exposure, but reduced by high copper exposure. The oral copper could be excluded from larval fat body and cuticle rapidly, and be largely accumulated in the rearing residues. Therefore, little risk of copper residue in the main tissues of post larvae or pre-pupae of black soldier fly (BSF), but higher risk of it in the rearing residues could be anticipated. Our results provide valuable information for safety assessment of copper residues in BSF products and by-products.

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7

Borgmann, U., and W. P. Norwood. "Toxicity and accumulation of zinc and copper in Hyalella azteca exposed to metal-spiked sediments." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 1046–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-020.

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The relationship between zinc and copper toxicity in Hyalella azteca and accumulation from metal-spiked sediments was determined for future use in identifying sites where these metals contribute to sediment toxicity. Both zinc and copper accumulation increased rapidly with increasing sediment concentrations, showing no evidence of saturation as seen in waterborne exposures. Zinc accumulation from zinc spiked sediments was substantial, even at concentrations below those causing chronic toxicity, and body concentrations can readily be used to infer chronic toxicity. Chronic toxicity in spiked sediment exposures occurred at excess (above background) body concentrations twice as high as in waterborne exposures, possibly as a result of zinc in gut contents. In contrast, chronic copper toxicity occurred at body concentrations lower than those observed in waterborne exposures. Furthermore, body copper at low sediment exposures was independent of copper in sediment. Body copper concentrations can be used to infer short-term (1-week) toxicity but not chronic toxicity. Copper, but not zinc, caused a reduction in growth, even at concentrations below the 4-week LC25. Reduced growth can, therefore, be used to differentiate between chronic copper and zinc toxicity in sediments.

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8

Li, H., S. C. Wu, D. Tian, J. Quinn, Y. S. Li, F. Jona, and P. M. Marcus. "Epitaxial growth of body-centered-tetragonal copper." Physical Review B 40, no. 8 (September 15, 1989): 5841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.40.5841.

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9

Billi, B., G. Lesnoni, C. Scassa, M. A. Giuliano, A. M. Coppè, and T. Rossi. "Copper Intraocular Foreign Body: Diagnosis and Treatment." European Journal of Ophthalmology 5, no. 4 (October 1995): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067219500500407.

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10

Li, H., S. C. Wu, J. Quinn, Y. S. Li, D. Tian, and F. Jona. "Electronic properties of body-centred-tetragonal copper." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 3, no. 37 (September 16, 1991): 7193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/3/37/011.

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11

Ohta, A., G. Bu, T. Matsubayashi, H. Mihara, N. Nemoto, S. Miyazawa, K. Furukawa, et al. "DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES OF COPPER(I) AND COPPER(II) ON LIVER COPPER ACCUMULATION IN THE LONG-EVANS CINNAMON (LEC) RATS STUDIED BY PIXE DETERMINATION." International Journal of PIXE 10, no. 03n04 (January 2000): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083500000213.

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Effects of supplementation by copper(I) and copper (II) in Long-Evans Cinnamon(LEC) rats and life survival of rats are given. Long-Evans Cinnamon(LEC) strain rats were used at age of 8 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to either copper(I) chloride or copper (II) chloride group. We have performed x-ray emissivite determination of copper in liver of LEC rats using PIXE and detected increase in copper in liver at early stage which could be supplemented by copper(I) and copper (II). During the supplementation period, clinical deterioration continued accompanied by daily body sway. The rats lost an undetermined amount of body weight and died approximately fourteen days later.

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12

Utomo, H. Djati. "Tea drinking habit for reducing copper concentration in drinking water." Water Supply 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.250.

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Sanitation is fundamental to broader national development. In fact, current practice of water treatment is not a guarantee for providing a safe drinking water required by humans. Corroded copper pipes contributed an increase in copper concentration in drinking water. At trace concentration copper is one of essential nutrients required by human body for both physical and mental health. However an excessive copper concentration in human body becomes toxic threat. Acute copper toxicity can result in a number of pathologies and, in severe cases, death. Drinking tea habitually may be helpful in reducing copper toxicity. The experimental study using copper-ion selective electrode (Cu-ISE) lowered copper concentration due to the availability of copper binding ligands found in tea solution.

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13

CHEN, YU, XINMIN HUANG, MING XING FU, and JIANWU WANG. "CHARACTERISTICS OF ISOTOPE EFFECT AND DOUBLE-BODY STRUCTURE MODEL." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 13n14 (June 20, 2005): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905007998.

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The characteristics of the oxygen-isotope effect (16 O /18 O ) are studied with the double-body structure physical model in high-Tc copper oxide superconductors. With the double-body structure physical model, some reasonable explanations are given to the phenomena of high-Tc copper oxide superconductor's isotope effect, weak isotope effect, and abnormal isotope effect.

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14

Bele, Sirelda. "3D Geological Modeling in Mineral Deposits (Copper Ore Body Cases)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 15 (May 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n15p1.

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Munella's deposit is one of the most important mineral deposits of Albania. It is rich in mineral resources such as copper, zinc, gold, etc. For this reason Geological 3D modeling is very important because it gives detailed information on management in the most optimal way to mine. In this article, 3D modeling of copper bodies was carried out through modeling software using the implicit method. This method uses advanced algorithms that are Polyharmonic Radial Basis Functions (RBF) generates the best surface area of the ore that can have some Z values and can perfectly customize the incomplete surfaces by utilizing 211 drilling data. The ore bodies that are created with this method are divided into blocks that represent the distribution of copper in%. The results achieved in this study provide an accurate overview of the most important sources of deposits and major concentrations of copper for the efficient management and exploitation of the mine.

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15

Husak, Viktor. "Copper and Copper-Containing Pesticides: Metabolism, Toxicity and Oxidative Stress." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.2.1.38-50.

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The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of the current knowledgeregarding metabolism and toxicity of copper and copper-based pesticides in living organisms.Copper is an essential trace element in all living organisms (bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals),because it participates in different metabolic processes and maintain functions of organisms. Thetransport and metabolism of copper in living organisms is currently the subject of many studies.Copper is absorbed, transported, distributed, stored, and excreted in the body via the complex ofhomeostatic processes, which provide organisms with a needed constant level of this micronutrientand avoid excessive amounts. Many aspects of copper homeostasis were studied at the molecularlevel. Copper based-pesticides, in particularly fungicides, bacteriocides and herbicides, are widelyused in agricultural practice throughout the world. Copper is an integral part of antioxidantenzymes, particularly copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), and plays prominent rolesin iron homeostasis. On the other hand, excess of copper in organism has deleterious effect,because it stimulates free radical production in the cell, induces lipid peroxidation, and disturbsthe total antioxidant capacity of the body. The mechanisms of copper toxicity are discussed in thisreview also.

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16

Meggyesy, Peter M., Shashank Masaldan, Sharnel A. S. Clatworthy, Irene Volitakis, Daniel J. Eyckens, Kathryn Aston-Mourney, and Michael A. Cater. "Copper Ionophores as Novel Antiobesity Therapeutics." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 4957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214957.

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The therapeutic utility of the copper ionophore disulfiram was investigated in a diet-induced obesity mouse model (C57BL/6J background), both through administration in feed (0.05 to 1% (w/w)) and via oral gavage (150 mg/kg) for up to eight weeks. Mice were monitored for body weight, fat deposition (perigonadal fat pads), metabolic changes (e.g., glucose dyshomeostasis) and pathologies (e.g., hepatic steatosis, hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridemia) associated with a high-fat diet. Metal-related pharmacological effects across major organs and serums were investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Disulfiram treatments (all modes) augmented hepatic copper in mice, markedly moderated body weight and abolished the deleterious systemic changes associated with a high-fat diet. Likewise, another chemically distinct copper ionophore H2(gtsm), administered daily (oral gavage), also augmented hepatic copper and moderated mouse body weight. Postmortem histological examinations of the liver and other major organs, together with serum aminotransferases, supported the reported therapeutic safety of disulfiram. Disulfiram specifically altered systemic copper in mice and altered hepatic copper metabolism, perturbing the incorporation of copper into ceruloplasmin (holo-ceruloplasmin biosynthesis) and subsequently reducing serum copper concentrations. Serum ceruloplasmin represents a biomarker for disulfiram activity. Our results establish copper ionophores as a potential class of antiobesity agents.

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17

Malekahmadi, Mahsa, Safieh Firouzi, Majid Rezayi, Hamideh Ghazizadeh, Golnaz Ranjbar, Gordon A. Ferns, and Majid Ghayour Mobarhan. "Association of Zinc and Copper Status with Cardiovascular Diseases and their Assessment Methods: A Review Study." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 19 (December 28, 2020): 2067–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557520666200729160416.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and financial losses and has a high prevalence across the world. Several studies have investigated the association between various CVD types with zinc and copper status as the essential minerals for the human body, proposing contradictory and similar results. This narrative review aimed to survey the correlations between zinc and copper status in the human body and some risk factors of CVD, as well as the assessment methods of zinc and copper status in the human body. According to the reviewed articles, zinc and copper deficiency may increase the risk of coronary heart disease, valvular regurgitation, and myocardial lesions, cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, it could lead to the expanded mitochondrial compartments of the heart, acute and chronic heart failure, and elevation of inflammation markers, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6. Two methods are primarily used for the assessment of zinc and copper in the human body, including the direct method (measurement of their concentrations) and indirect method (determining the activity of zinc- and copper-containing enzymes). Both these methods are considered reliable for the assessment of the zinc and copper levels in healthy individuals. Serum or plasma levels of these elements are also commonly used for the assessment of the correlation between zinc and copper status and CVD. But, which one is a more accurate indicator in relation to CVD is not yet clear; therefore, further studies are required in this field.

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18

Csintalan, R. P., and N. M. Senozan. "Copper precipitation in the human body: Wilson's disease." Journal of Chemical Education 68, no. 5 (May 1991): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed068p365.

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19

Sharp, Paul A. "Ctr1 and its role in body copper homeostasis." International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 35, no. 3 (March 2003): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1357-2725(02)00134-6.

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20

Matsumoto, M., and S. Wakoh. "Position-electron many-body enhancement effects in copper." Physica B+C 149, no. 1-3 (March 1988): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4363(88)90219-7.

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21

Gibbs, P. E., G. R. Burt, P. L. Pascoe, C. A. Llewellyn, and K. P. Ryan. "Zinc, copper and chlorophyll-derivatives in the polychaete Owenia fusiformis." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 2 (April 2000): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400001818.

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An earlier study of metals in the polychaete Owenia fusiformis showed that individuals within intertidal populations were remarkably variable in terms of whole-body concentrations of zinc and copper. Four populations have now been studied, two in south Cornwall (Fal Estuary and Par Sands) and one each in east Devon (Torre Abbey Sands) and north Brittany (Grève de St Michel). Investigations of the distributions of zinc and copper within the body have demonstrated that consistently zinc is concentrated in the middle body whilst copper increases to a maximum posteriorly. Zinc is accumulated in the mid-gut cells in the form of numerous spherules, 1–2 μm in diameter: X-ray microanalysis shows these to be largely composed of zinc phosphate but containing also magnesium, calcium and iron, together with sulphur and chlorine. Viewed under the microscope the spherules are greenish due to a pigment identified by high performance liquid chromatography absorption scanning as a pheophorbide-like chlorophyll-degradation product. In contrast, copper is widely distributed throughout the body and much is deposited as small granules, 0.2–0.3 μm in diameter, in laminar groupings in hypodermal and peri-intestinal tissues. The identity of the green pigment responsible for the characteristic body colour of O. fusiformis has not been specifically determined but it appears to have a copper basis since dark-green tissues have a significantly higher copper content than those with a light-green colour. The possible role of chlorophyll degradation products in zinc and copper uptake is discussed.

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22

Wang, Ya Li, Zi Mo Li, Ning Yang, Qi Wei, and Li Wei Hao. "Kinetics of Copper Ion Leaching from Cement-Solidified Body of Blast Furnace Slag Adsorbing Copper Ion." Materials Science Forum 1035 (June 22, 2021): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1035.1036.

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Blast furnace slag has good adsorption performance and can be used to adsorb heavy metal ions in waste liquid. It’s worth studying whether the blast furnace slag absorbing heavy metal ions will pose a potential threat to the environment during the process when used in cement-based materials.This paper has studied the leaching amount of copper ions in the blast furnace slag-cement system was analyzed, and analyzed the leaching kinetics of copper ions. The results showed that the leaching amount of copper ions in the blast furnace slag-cement system that adsorbed copper ions basically met the national standard, and the solidified body age was 28 days,blast furnace slag content 30% is the smallest condition for the amount of copper ion leaching.The leaching model of copper ions in the blast furnace slag-cement system is the Elovich equation, which is a heterogeneous diffusion process. The longer the curing age is the slower the leaching process is completed and do not cause environmental pollution during long-term use.

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23

Kusanaga, Masashi, Shinji Oe, Noriyoshi Ogino, Sota Minami, Koichiro Miyagawa, Yuichi Honma, and Masaru Harada. "Zinc Attenuates the Cytotoxicity of Some Stimuli by Reducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Hepatocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (May 3, 2019): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092192.

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Zinc is an essential trace element and plays critical roles in cellular integrity and biological functions. Excess copper induced both oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in liver-derived cultured cells. Excess copper also induced impairment of autophagic flux at the step of autophagosome–lysosome fusion, as well as Mallory–Denk body (MDB)-like inclusion body formation. Zinc ameliorated excess copper-induced impairment of autophagic flux and MDB-like inclusion body formation via the maintenance of ER homeostasis. Furthermore, zinc also ameliorated free fatty acid-induced impairment of autophagic flux. These results indicate that zinc may be able to protect hepatocytes from various ER stress-related conditions.

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24

Flora, Swaran J. S. "Influence of Simultaneous Supplementation of Zinc and Copper During Chelation of Lead in Rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 10, no. 5 (September 1991): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719101000506.

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The influence of zinc and copper supplementation during chelation therapy to reduce zinc and copper imbalance and promote lead elimination from the body, was investigated in rats poisoned with lead. The simultaneous supplementation of zinc and copper increased urinary lead excretion by calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (CaNa2EDTA) compared to treatment with CaNa2EDTA alone. Combination therapy was effective in potentiating the depletion of blood and renal lead by CaNa2EDTA and meso 2,3-dimercapto succinic acid (DMSA). Combination therapy was also more effective in reducing hepatic lead by CaNa2EDTA and blood lead by 2,3-dimercapto propane sulphonate (DMPS). Zinc and copper supplementation produced a more effective reversal of inhibited blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid excretion and depleted body zinc and copper status.

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25

Pohanka, M. "Copper and copper nanoparticles toxicity and their impact on basic functions in the body." Bratislava Medical Journal 120, no. 06 (2019): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/bll_2019_065.

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26

Su, Linlin, Fei Gao, Xiaoming Han, and Jiguang Chen. "Effect of copper powder third body on tribological property of copper-based friction materials." Tribology International 90 (October 2015): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.05.003.

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27

Mielcarz, G., A. N. Howard, B. Mielcarz, N. R. Williams, J. Rajput-Williams, S. V. Nigdigar, and D. L. Stone. "Leucocyte copper, a marker of copper body status is low in coronary artery disease." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 15, no. 1 (January 2001): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0946-672x(01)80023-7.

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28

Quamar, Shaheen, Jayant Kumar, Awanish Mishra, and SJS Flora. "Oxidative stress and neurobehavioural changes in rats following copper exposure and their response to MiADMSA and d-penicillamine." Toxicology Research and Application 3 (January 2019): 239784731984478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397847319844782.

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An increase in copper concentration in body may lead to hepatolenticular degeneration which is considered as one clinical feature of Wilson’s disease. Chelation therapy using d-penicillamine is the preferred medical treatment for reducing the toxic effects of copper. However, a few shortcomings associated with d-penicillamine led us to search of an alternative antidote for copper toxicity. Monoisoamyl-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA), a potent arsenic chelator under clinical trial, has been reported to reduce system copper level. Thus, the present study was envisaged to explore the ameliorative effect of MiADMSA against copper toxicity. Copper pre-exposed animals (CuSO4.5H2O; 100 mg/kg; p.o., for 6 weeks) were segregated in different groups and were administered equimolar dose (0.3 mEq/kg/day; p.o.) of d-penicillamine and MiADMSA for 5 days. The effect of different treatments on spontaneous locomotor activity, muscle coordination, depression like behaviour and contextual fear memory was analysed using neurobehavioural battery test. Biochemical variables related to oxidative stress, zinc and copper concentration were determined in liver, kidney and brain. The results suggested that copper exposure led to oxidative stress in liver, kidney and blood, along with moderate effects in brain. Treatment with d-penicillamine and MiADMSA reduced liver copper load. MiADMSA produced more pronounced beneficial effect compared to d-penicillamine by increasing brain GPx activity. Our study suggests that MiADMSA might be equally effective as d-penicillamine in depleting body copper load. More detailed studies using different doses are required to suggest whether MiADMSA could be an alternative for d-penicillamine in reducing oxidative injury, neurobehavioural changes and depleting body copper burden.

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An, Yumei, Sunao Li, Xinqi Huang, Xueshi Chen, Haiyan Shan, and Mingyang Zhang. "The Role of Copper Homeostasis in Brain Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 13850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213850.

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In the human body, copper is an important trace element and is a cofactor for several important enzymes involved in energy production, iron metabolism, neuropeptide activation, connective tissue synthesis, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Copper is also necessary for cellular processes, such as the regulation of intracellular signal transduction, catecholamine balance, myelination of neurons, and efficient synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Copper is naturally present in some foods and is available as a dietary supplement. Only small amounts of copper are typically stored in the body and a large amount of copper is excreted through bile and urine. Given the critical role of copper in a breadth of cellular processes, local concentrations of copper and the cellular distribution of copper transporter proteins in the brain are important to maintain the steady state of the internal environment. The dysfunction of copper metabolism or regulatory pathways results in an imbalance in copper homeostasis in the brain, which can lead to a myriad of acute and chronic pathological effects on neurological function. It suggests a unique mechanism linking copper homeostasis and neuronal activation within the central nervous system. This article explores the relationship between impaired copper homeostasis and neuropathophysiological progress in brain diseases.

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30

Kopach, Alexandra Ye, Olha Ye Fedoriv, and Nataliia A. Melnyk. "Effects of the influence of copper and zinc on living organisms (literature review)." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-2-172-177.

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Introduction. Scientists from Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, and various countries, including state laboratories, have thoroughly studied the biological significance of copper and zinc ions in the body for many years. Nevertheless, the value of the shortage or excess of these metals and their compounds in the body remains mostly underestimated for health. Purpose of work: to study the pathogenesis of traumatic disease occurring due to an imbalance of copper and zinc in the body. Methods. Bibliosemantic and analytical methods were used. A literature search was conducted for the following queries as zinc, copper, heavy metals, negative impact. The investigation was performed with PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for various articles. All publications have been analyzed and included in this review. The importance of these metals’ lack or excess and their compounds in the body remains mostly underestimated. Features of the pathogenesis of many diseases occurring due to imbalance of copper and zinc in the body have also been unexplored. The traumatic disorder was no exception, as this was not considered in experimental and clinical medicine. Conclusion. From the analysis of the available scientific literature, no messages were found about the features of the course of traumatic disease in conditions of excessive intake of copper and zinc ions in the body. We can only assume that a violation of the functional ability of the liver, lungs, brain and other organs that occurs against the background of heavy metal ion damage creates an unfavorable background for the occurrence of a serious injury.

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31

Liu, Wei Ping. "Use Copper Slag to Prepare Copper Matrix Composites." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1586.

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Copper slag was used to prepare copper powder by way of slurry electrolysis, and the copper powder was used to fabricate copper matrix composite materials reinforced with chemical plating surface modified alumina particulates. Alumina particulates were pretreated in ultrasonic field by chemical copper plating in order to make alumina particulates covered with a layer of copper film and form Al2O3/Cu composite powders. Copper matrix composite materials strengthened with alumina particulates were synthesized by means of pressure molding and sintering. Microstructure of copper matrix composites was researched by means of SEM. SEM analysis shows that alumina particulates distribute in the copper-based body evenly, and combine with copper closely. The effects of sintering temperature, pressure and alumina content on the compactness and hardness of copper matrix composites were studied by orthogonal tests. The compactness of composites increases with the sintering temperature and pressure increasing, and decreases with the alumina content increasing. The hardness of composite materials increases with the sintering temperature, pressure and alumina particulates increasing.

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32

Laurén, Darrel Jon, and D. G. McDonald. "Acclimation to Copper by Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri: Physiology." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-012.

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Juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed to 55 μg copper∙L−1 for 28 d and then transferred to uncontaminated water for 7 d. Whole body sodium concentration and sodium uptake (Jin) were measured at weekly intervals; Jin was measured at various Na+ concentrations and kinetic parameters estimated. After 24 h of copper exposure, the maximum rate of sodium uptake (Jmax) was inhibited by 55%, the affinity for sodium (Km) reduced by 49%, and whole body Na+ decreased by about 12.5%. After 7 d of exposure, whole body Na+ had returned to control values, but Jmax was still inhibited by 41%. Recovery of whole body Na+ occurred largely by a reduction of sodium efflux (Jout). Both Jmax and Km continued to recover until day 28, at which time Jin had returned to control values. We conclude that acclimation to sublethal copper depends on changes in both Na+ transport and permeability.

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Deng, Yong, Ran Liu, Jianliang Zhang, and Kexin Jiao. "Manufacturing technology and application of cooling stave in blast furnace." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 5 (2020): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020049.

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The service life of blast furnace (BF) is depending on the cooling equipment of furnace body, cooling stave which is an important cooling equipment for BF has attracted more attention. In the current paper, the classification of BF cooling staves in China was introduced, cast iron stave, cast steel stave, copper stave, and copper-steel composite stave were used on different parts of furnace body. The manufacture of cooling staves was studied, evaporative pattern casting (EPC) was favored due to high automation and environmental protection. The strong combination between steel plate and copper plate of copper-steel composite stave could be ensured under high-speed oblique impact through explosive welding. High density and high thermal conductivity of copper stave could be obtained by efficient rolling technology. The performance and application of BF cooling stave were investigated, the advantages and disadvantages of the various cooling staves were analysed, the thermal resistance between the steel water pipe and the cast iron body accounted for about 80% of the total thermal resistance which would affect the cooling effect of cast iron stave. The significant cost advantage of copper-steel composite stave was found compared with copper stave, test results of copper-steel composite stave in a commercial BF showed that the cooling effect is equivalent to that of the copper stave. The suitable cooling stave in BF should be selected according to the characteristics of the various cooling staves, the heat transfer balance and the stability of the skull on the hot face must be ensured to protect the cooling stave.

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Herman, Sylwia, Paweł Lipiński, Rafał Starzyński, Aleksandra Bednarz, Paweł Grzmil, and Małgorzata Lenartowicz. "Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Copper Homeostasis in Mammals." Folia Biologica 70, no. 4 (December 6, 2022): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/fb_70-4.23.

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Copper (Cu) is a trace element necessary for the growth and development of all living organisms, and is the third most abundant trace metal in the body after iron and zinc. Copper is essential for maintaining the life processes in all living cells, because several copper-dependent enzymes play an important role in key physiological processes like cellular respiration, oxygen radical scavenging, the transport of iron and neurotransmitter synthesis. Maintaining copper homeostasis implies maintaining the constancy of copper levels in the cells and fluids throughout the body, in order to support the enzymes and other factors that underlie normal life processes. Therefore, living organisms have developed complex mechanisms for maintaining their physiological copper level, because an excess copper level can be toxic for the cells. In the cell, copper homeostasis is controlled by a network of copper-binding proteins and transporters. Furthermore, copper uptake is mediated by the membrane transporter CTR1 and CTR2 proteins. In the cytoplasm, it is bound to a unique group of metallochaperones (ATOX1, CCS COX17) and transported to different cell compartments, where it is linked to the recipient proteins. The Cu-transporting ATPases (ATP7A and ATP7B) are responsible for transferring copper into the Golgi apparatus, where the copper is added to the active sites of enzymes, and it is also directed onto the path of excess cellular copper removal to prevent the occurrence of toxicity.

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Marsden, Islay D., and Carol H. T. Wong. "Effects of sediment copper on a tube-dwelling estuarine amphipod, Paracorophium excavatum." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 7 (2001): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00139.

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Amphipods, Paracorophium excavatum, were exposed for 10 days to copper-spiked sediments in the concentration range 3–84 µg g –1 dry wt of sediment. Percent emergence was low, ranging from 0.18% to 2.1%, but increased with exposure time and with copper concentration. Amphipod mortality increased with exposure time and sediment copper concentration, following a linear relationship; the Cu 10-day LC 50 value was 55 µg g –1 . Mortality was <5% in the control (natural) sediment containing 3µg g–1 copper. >85% of surviving amphipods reburied themselves within 1 h, and therefore this behaviour was not a good discriminator for potentially toxic sediments. The concentration of copper within the whole-body tissues of P. excavatum (µg Cu g –1 ) was mostly independent of dry body weight within the range 0.12–0.37 mg. Average copper concentrations within the tissues ranged from 169 to 490 µg Cu g –1 , with higher variability in amphipods exposed to sediment copper concentrations of 16 and 32 µg g –1 . Amphipod tissue copper concentration increased with sediment copper concentration. It was concluded that P. excavatum is a suitable indicator species for use in ecotoxicological tests for potentially toxic marine and estuarine sediments.

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Bozhkov, A. I., V. I. Sidorov, V. L. Dlubovskaya, M. Ya Shevtsova, and Yu N. Surov. "Appearance of the imprinting effect on the specific pattern of intracellular distribution of copper ions in the liver after exposure to high concentrations of copper sulfate." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 56, no. 2 (2010): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20105602195.

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Fractions of copper-binding protein (CBP) specifically bound copper ions were extracted from the rat liver cell cytosole. These fractions of 10-14 kDa proteins are involved in specific pattern of intracellular distribution of copper ions. The imprinting effect of specific pattern of copper ions intracellular distribution has been found. The effect was detected 30 days after sequented injections of copper sulfate into the body. It was shown, that after primary injection of copper the ability of CBP to bind copper ions could increase tenfold, regardless of schemes of copper sulfate injection.

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Borgmann, U., and W. P. Norwood. "Kinetics of excess (above background) copper and zinc in Hyalella azteca and their relationship to chronic toxicity." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 864–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-086.

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One-week-long metal uptake experiments with Hyalella azteca are potentially a powerful tool for rapidly assessing the impact of copper or zinc in contaminated water samples. Copper and zinc concentrations in whole body Hyalella are independent of body size for both control and metal-exposed amphipods. Uptake rates are rapid for both metals, but copper concentrations in Hyalella during continuous exposure peak at about 1 week, then gradually decline back towards control levels at an apparent rate of 0.039 d−1. Hyalella can, therefore, control body copper concentrations during exposure to elevated copper, but only gradually and after long exposure periods. Depuration rates for copper and zinc (0.16 and 0.68 d−1 respectively) are approximately five times slower than the apparent depuration rates during uptake, assuming a simple diffusion model. Uptake at increasing water concentrations results in saturation for both metals with maximum accumulations of 3.6 μmol/g dry weight above background. A mathematical model including saturation kinetics satisfactorily explains the more rapid approach to equilibrium observed during uptake than during depuration. Significant chronic mortality occurred at metal exposures that resulted in predicted accumulations of 1.8 μmol Cu/g or 1.3 μmol Zn/g above background after 1 week of uptake.

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Orel, Zorica Crnjak, Egon Matijević, and Dan V. Goia. "Conversion of uniform colloidal Cu2O spheres to copper in polyols." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 4 (April 2003): 1017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0139.

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Colloidal copper particles with a high degree of crystallinity were obtained by heating solutions of copper(II) acetate in ethylene glycol (EG) and tetraethylene glycol (TEG). The formation mechanism of copper particles involved first the formation of sparingly soluble nano-sized copper(I) oxide, which aggregated into uniform spheres. On prolonged heating the Cu2O particles were reduced to nano-sized copper crystallites followed by their sintering to colloidal metal. The conversion of the copper(I) oxide to metallic copper proceeds uniformly within the body of each particle.

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Miller, Kerri A., Fernando A. Vicentini, Simon A. Hirota, Keith A. Sharkey, and Michael E. Wieser. "Antibiotic treatment affects the expression levels of copper transporters and the isotopic composition of copper in the colon of mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 13 (March 8, 2019): 5955–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814047116.

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Copper is a critical enzyme cofactor in the body but also a potent cellular toxin when intracellularly unbound. Thus, there is a delicate balance of intracellular copper, maintained by a series of complex interactions between the metal and specific copper transport and binding proteins. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the primary site of copper entry into the body and there has been considerable progress in understanding the intricacies of copper metabolism in this region. The GI tract is also host to diverse bacterial populations, and their role in copper metabolism is not well understood. In this study, we compared the isotopic fractionation of copper in the GI tract of mice with intestinal microbiota significantly depleted by antibiotic treatment to that in mice not receiving such treatment. We demonstrated variability in copper isotopic composition along the length of the gut. A significant difference, ∼1.0‰, in copper isotope abundances was measured in the proximal colon of antibiotic-treated mice. The changes in copper isotopic composition in the colon are accompanied by changes in copper transporters. Both CTR1, a copper importer, and ATP7A, a copper transporter across membranes, were significantly down-regulated in the colon of antibiotic-treated mice. This study demonstrated that isotope abundance measurements of metals can be used as an indicator of changes in metabolic processes in vivo. These measurements revealed a host–microbial interaction in the GI tract involved in the regulation of copper transport.

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TSUTSUMI, Mitsuyoshi, Nagatoshi OKABE, and Motohumi MORIHARA. "Reliability of Active Metal brazing Copper Joint Body Substrate." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2003.1 (2003): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2003.1.0_313.

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Nait-Laziz, H., and K. K. Chopra. "Three body force model for lattice dynamics of copper." Solid State Communications 57, no. 8 (February 1986): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(86)90320-0.

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Chiarello, G., A. Amoddeo, R. G. Agostino, L. S. Caputi, and E. Colavita. "Many-body effects in theM2,3VVAuger line shape of copper." Physical Review B 48, no. 11 (September 15, 1993): 7779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.48.7779.

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Kumar, Vinod, Abhidnya Surve, Niranjana Balasubramaniam, Shorya Azad, and Pradep Venkatesh. "Retained intraocular copper foreign body presenting as subretinal abscess." Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 54, no. 5 (October 2019): e254-e258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.12.002.

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Lisetskaya, Lyudmila G., and Evgeny A. Titov. "Copper distribution in organs and tissues of albino rats under oral administration of nanocomposite of copper oxide encapsulated in a polymeric matrix of arabinogalactan." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 10 (November 30, 2020): 1145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-10-1145-1148.

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Introduction. Based on arabinogalactan, a complex of hybrid nanobiocomposites has been created, which carry a balanced amount of macro- and microelements necessary for the body. A feature of the action of nanoparticles on the body is their ability to easily penetrate all organs and tissues. The aim of the work is to study the effect of copper arabinogalactan on the content of copper in the main tissues and organs of rats. Material and methods. The content of copper in organs and tissues of rats after a 10-day intragastric administration of a solution of copper arabinogalactan in a dose of 500 μg per kg of weight was studied by the atomic absorption method. Results. A high level of copper (above 2 μg/g) was found in wool, kidneys, liver, and heart. The brain and testes contain from 1 to 2 μg/g of copper. In the tissues of the stomach, small and large intestines, thymus, pancreas, blood, eyes, spleen, lungs, and skeletal muscles - less than 1 μg/g. Conclusion. The study of the distribution of copper in the organs of rats after oral administration of the nanocomposite of copper oxide with arabinogalactan demonstrated the main target organs for the accumulation of the element to be the kidneys, liver, brain, and stomach. The different character of the accumulation of copper in the tissues of the body of the rats received arabinogalactan of copper in the form of a nanocomposite, may indicate the selective ability of tissues and organs to accumulate this element. For further work on the possible use of the drug for medicinal purposes, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of biodistribution and bioaccumulation in various organs.

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Su, Linlin, Manqi Yao, Hualong Tao, Junying Yang, En Zhang, and Xiaoming Han. "Tribological behavior of copper-iron particles as third body additives on copper matrix composites: Experiment link third body morphology to accommodation mechanism." Tribology International 191 (March 2024): 109118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2023.109118.

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46

Weeks, J. M., and P. G. Moore. "The Effect of Synchronous Moulting on Body Copper and Zinc Concentrations in Four Species of Talitrid Amphipods (Crustacea)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 71, no. 2 (May 1991): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400051729.

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Analysis of the total copper and zinc content of four species of talitrid amphipods, Orchestia gammarellus, O. mediterranea, Talitrus saltator and Talorchestia deshayesii throughout a complete spring/neap tidal cycle failed to reveal any significant effects of moulting upon body copper or zinc in any species. Moulting was synchronized to the lunar cycle only in T. saltator, taking place 5–7 days prior to a new moon. The fact that no significant changes in body metal concentrations took place with the moult cycle is discussed in relation to the use of talitrid amphipods in copper and zinc biomonitoring programmes.

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Horn, Nina, and Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede. "ATP7A-Regulated Enzyme Metalation and Trafficking in the Menkes Disease Puzzle." Biomedicines 9, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9040391.

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Copper is vital for numerous cellular functions affecting all tissues and organ systems in the body. The copper pump, ATP7A is critical for whole-body, cellular, and subcellular copper homeostasis, and dysfunction due to genetic defects results in Menkes disease. ATP7A dysfunction leads to copper deficiency in nervous tissue, liver, and blood but accumulation in other tissues. Site-specific cellular deficiencies of copper lead to loss of function of copper-dependent enzymes in all tissues, and the range of Menkes disease pathologies observed can now be explained in full by lack of specific copper enzymes. New pathways involving copper activated lysosomal and steroid sulfatases link patient symptoms usually related to other inborn errors of metabolism to Menkes disease. Additionally, new roles for lysyl oxidase in activation of molecules necessary for the innate immune system, and novel adapter molecules that play roles in ERGIC trafficking of brain receptors and other proteins, are emerging. We here summarize the current knowledge of the roles of copper enzyme function in Menkes disease, with a focus on ATP7A-mediated enzyme metalation in the secretory pathway. By establishing mechanistic relationships between copper-dependent cellular processes and Menkes disease symptoms in patients will not only increase understanding of copper biology but will also allow for the identification of an expanding range of copper-dependent enzymes and pathways. This will raise awareness of rare patient symptoms, and thus aid in early diagnosis of Menkes disease patients.

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Wold, Loren E., Jack T. Saari, and Jun Ren. "Isolated ventricular myocytes from copper-deficient rat hearts exhibit enhanced contractile function." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 281, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): H476—H481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.2.h476.

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Dietary copper deficiency leads to cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, derangement of myofibrils, and impaired cardiac contractile and electrophysiological function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether impaired cardiac function from copper deficiency is due to depressed contractile function at the single myocyte level. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets that were either copper adequate (5.59–6.05 μg copper/g body wt; n = 11) or copper deficient (0.29–0.34 μg copper/g body wt; n = 11) for 5 wk. Ventricular myocytes were dispersed and mechanical properties were evaluated using the SoftEdge video-based edge-detection system. Intracellular Ca2+ transients were examined using fura 2-acetoxymethyl ester. Myocytes were electrically stimulated to contract at 0.5 Hz. Properties evaluated included peak shortening (PS), time to peak shortening (TPS), time to 90% relengthening (TR90), and maximal velocities of shortening and relengthening (±d L/d t). Myocytes from the copper-deficient rat hearts exhibited significantly enhanced PS values associated with shortened TR90 measurements compared with those from copper-adequate rat hearts. The ±d L/d t values were enhanced and the intracellular Ca2+ transient decay rate was depressed in myocytes from copper-deficient rats. These data indicate that impaired cardiac contractile function that is seen in copper-deficient whole hearts might not be due to depressed cardiac contractile function at the single cell level but rather to other mechanisms such as cardiac fibrosis.

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Montes, Sergio, Susana Rivera-Mancia, Araceli Diaz-Ruiz, Luis Tristan-Lopez, and Camilo Rios. "Copper and Copper Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/147251.

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Copper is a transition metal that has been linked to pathological and beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease, free copper is related to increased oxidative stress, alpha-synuclein oligomerization, and Lewy body formation. Decreased copper along with increased iron has been found insubstantia nigraand caudate nucleus of Parkinson’s disease patients. Copper influences iron content in the brain through ferroxidase ceruloplasmin activity; therefore decreased protein-bound copper in brain may enhance iron accumulation and the associated oxidative stress. The function of other copper-binding proteins such as Cu/Zn-SOD and metallothioneins is also beneficial to prevent neurodegeneration. Copper may regulate neurotransmission since it is released after neuronal stimulus and the metal is able to modulate the function of NMDA and GABA A receptors. Some of the proteins involved in copper transport are the transporters CTR1, ATP7A, and ATP7B and the chaperone ATOX1. There is limited information about the role of those biomolecules in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease; for instance, it is known that CTR1 is decreased insubstantia nigra pars compactain Parkinson’s disease and that a mutation in ATP7B could be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Regarding copper-related therapies, copper supplementation can represent a plausible alternative, while copper chelation may even aggravate the pathology.

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Puchkova, Ludmila, Polina Babich, Yulia Zatulovskaia, Ekaterina Ilyechova, and Francesca Di Sole. "Copper Metabolism of Newborns Is Adapted to Milk Ceruloplasmin as a Nutritive Source of Copper: Overview of the Current Data." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111591.

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Copper, which can potentially be a highly toxic agent, is an essential nutrient due to its role as a cofactor for cuproenzymes and its participation in signaling pathways. In mammals, the liver is a central organ that controls copper turnover throughout the body, including copper absorption, distribution, and excretion. In ontogenesis, there are two types of copper metabolism, embryonic and adult, which maintain the balance of copper in each of these periods of life, respectively. In the liver cells, these types of metabolism are characterized by the specific expression patterns and activity levels of the genes encoding ceruloplasmin, which is the main extracellular ferroxidase and copper transporter, and the proteins mediating ceruloplasmin metalation. In newborns, the molecular genetic mechanisms responsible for copper homeostasis and the ontogenetic switch from embryonic to adult copper metabolism are highly adapted to milk ceruloplasmin as a dietary source of copper. In the mammary gland cells, the level of ceruloplasmin gene expression and the alternative splicing of its pre-mRNA govern the amount of ceruloplasmin in the milk, and thus, the amount of copper absorbed by a newborn is controlled. In newborns, the absorption, distribution, and accumulation of copper are adapted to milk ceruloplasmin. If newborns are not breast-fed in the early stages of postnatal development, they do not have this natural control ensuring alimentary copper balance in the body. Although there is still much to be learned about the neonatal consequences of having an imbalance of copper in the mother/newborn system, the time to pay attention to this problem has arrived because the neonatal misbalance of copper may provoke the development of copper-related disorders.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Copper in the body'

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