Relevant bibliographies by topics / Copper free

Academic literature on the topic 'Copper free'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Copper free"

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ARNAUD, CELIA. "COPPER-FREE CLICK CHEMISTRY." Chemical & Engineering News 85, no. 43 (October 22, 2007): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n043.p015.

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Canalle, Luiz A., Sander S. van Berkel, Laurens T. de Haan, and Jan C. M. van Hest. "Copper-Free Clickable Coatings." Advanced Functional Materials 19, no. 21 (November 9, 2009): 3464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200900743.

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Macchiarulo Jorge, Rosane, and Acácio Antonio Mesquita Furtado Filho. "Characterization of New Lead-free Ballistic Modifiers and Phthalate-free Plasticizers in Propellants." Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5028/jatm.etmq.54.

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This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of a copper-based ballistic modifier, copper subsalicylate (monobasic copper salicylate), and its performance in green-type propellants. New lead-free ballistic modifiers and phthalatefree plasticizers with reduced toxicity, less harmful to the environment, have been employed to replace their traditional additives in green-type double-base propellant preparations. The characterization of the chemical compound was performed by FTIR, TGA-DSC, and WAXS, indicating that copper subsalicylate was obtained. The results of the characterization of propellant compositions showed that copper subsalicylate, in combination with a bismuth salt, could be a substitute for the traditional lead-based ballistic modifier producing green-type propellants without reducing ballistic performance.
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Rice, T. M. "Clues from copper-free samples." Nature 332, no. 6167 (April 1988): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/332780a0.

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Martínez, Ana, and Miguel Reina. "Copper or free radical scavenger?" Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 1104 (March 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2017.01.033.

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Lei, H. "Melting of free copper clusters." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 13, no. 13 (March 15, 2001): 3023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/13/13/315.

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Honkanen, Mari, Minnamari Vippola, and Toivo Lepistö. "Oxidation of copper alloys studied by analytical transmission electron microscopy cross-sectional specimens." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 5 (May 2008): 1350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0160.

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In this work, the oxide structures of three polycrystalline copper grades, unalloyed oxygen-free (OF) copper and alloyed CuAg and deoxidized high-phosphor (DHP) copper, were studied using cross-sectional analytical transmission electron microscopy (AEM) samples. The oxidation treatments were carried out in air at 200 and 350 °C for different exposure times. The detailed oxide layer structures were characterized by AEM. At 200 °C, a nano-sized Cu2O layer formed on the all copper grades. At 350 °C, a nano-sized Cu2O layer formed first on the all copper grades. After longer exposure time at 350 °C, a crystalline CuO layer grew on the Cu2O layer of the unalloyed OF-copper. In the case of the alloyed CuAg- and DHP-copper, a crystalline and columnar shaped layer, consisting of Cu2O and CuO grains, formed on the nanocrystalline Cu2O layer. At 350 °C, the unalloyed copper oxidized notably slower than the alloyed coppers, and its oxide structures were different than those of the alloyed coppers.
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Chen, Longrui, Betsegaw E. Lemma, Jenna S. Rich, and James Mack. "Freedom: a copper-free, oxidant-free and solvent-free palladium catalysed homocoupling reaction." Green Chem. 16, no. 3 (2014): 1101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3gc41847b.

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Herein, we describe a copper-free, oxidant-free, solvent-free homocoupling reaction using a palladium catalyst under mechanochemical conditions. We extended the methodology to palladium catalyst on solid support which showed a different reactivity and different product ratios from the non-supported catalyst.
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Yang, Chia-Anne, Yung-Han Chen, Shyue-Chu Ke, Yi-Ru Chen, Hsien-Bin Huang, Ta-Hsien Lin, and Yi-Cheng Chen. "Correlation of Copper Interaction, Copper-Driven Aggregation, and Copper-Driven H2O2Formation with Aβ40 Conformation." International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/607861.

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The neurotoxicity of Aβ is associated with the formation of free radical by interacting with redox active metals such as Cu2+. However, the relationship between ion-interaction, ion-driven free radical formation, and Aβ conformation remains to be further elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the correlation of Cu2+interaction and Cu2+-driven free radical formation with Aβ40 conformation. The Cu2+-binding affinity for Aβ40 in random coiled form is 3-fold higher than that in stable helical form. Unexpectedly but interestingly, we demonstrate in the first time that the stable helical form of Aβ40 can induce the formation of H2O2by interacting with Cu2+. On the other hand, the H2O2generation is repressed at Aβ/Cu2+molar ratio ≥1 when Aβ40 adopts random coiled structure. Taken together, our result demonstrates that Aβ40 adopted a helical structure that may play a key factor for the formation of free radical with Cu2+ions.
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Madl, Jan, and Vaclav Koutny. "Machinability of Lead Free Copper Alloys." Manufacturing Technology 15, no. 5 (November 1, 2015): 870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/mt/15/5/870.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Copper free"

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Mahale, Vishal Tulshiram. "Development of copper-free NAO brake-pads." Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2019. http://eprint.iitd.ac.in:80//handle/2074/8058.

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George, Faith Olajumoke. "Chromium-free conversion coating of aluminium-copper alloys." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/chromiumfree-conversion-coating-of-aluminiumcopper-alloys(5176c8af-02af-44a8-a47f-44b5a0c2585c).html.

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Aluminium alloys are frequently pre-treated by a conversion coating before application of an organic coating in order to improve the corrosion resistance and adhesive properties of the surface and the corrosion resistance provided by the system. Chromate-containing conversion coatings are commonly used for this purpose. However, legislation limits future use of hexavalent chromium compounds due to their toxic and carcinogenic nature. Therefore, alternative, so-called chromium-free conversion coatings are being developed that are more environmentally-compliant.The purpose of the present work has therefore been to contribute to a better understanding of how the aluminium substrate affects the formation and properties of conversion coatings for adhesive bonding. In particular, a chrome-free zirconium-based conversion treatment process has been investigated as a possible replacement for conventional chromate conversion treatment. The influence of the conversion time on the thickness of the formed layer on pure aluminium was investigated using complementary surface analytical techniques. The conversion time was varied between 30 and 600 seconds.In this study, the structure and composition of zirconium-based chromium-free conversion coatings on magnetron sputtered superpure aluminium and a range of aluminium-copper alloys were characterised as a function of immersion time in the aqueous conversion bath to understand the mechanism of coating formation and protection. However, the presence of copper significantly influences the coating development and ultimately the performance of the conversion coatings formed on binary copper-containing aluminium alloys.The morphology and composition of the coatings have been probed using transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, with loss of substrate through growth of the conversion coating also quantified. A comparison of the RBS spectra obtained for the superpure aluminium specimens after different immersion times revealed that zirconium (Zr) and oxygen (O) peaks were wider for longer immersion times, indicating thickening of the coating with increased immersion times. Thus, increasing the immersion time resulted in an increase in coating thickness but little change in coating composition occurred as determined by the RBS RUMP simulations. Alloying decreases the coating thickness, as well as metal consumption. Here, aspects of the corrosion behaviour of superpure aluminium and aluminium-copper alloys were also considered using electronoptical, electrochemical and surface analytical probing. The influence that short and prolonged treatment times exert on the performances of such conversion coating is discussed. The conversion coating formed after 60 s and 180 s of immersion in the zirconium-based conversion coating bath provide good corrosion resistance which can be attributed to the high stability of the compounds that constitute the surface oxide layer, and good adhesion properties.
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Lee, Lin. "Contribution to Development of Copper Free Automotive Brake Pad." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1244.

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When passenger vehicle drivers hit the brakes of their cars, the friction releases airborne wear particles from the contact between rotor and brake pad onto the road which are eventually washed down storm drains and into rivers. The wear particles includes copper, which functions as solid lubricant for increasing thermal heat fade as well as increasing friction coefficient for the brake pad. Nevertheless, copper not only endangers aquatic life, but it also directly affects the economy by lowering the supply of salmon. Copper is toxic to most aquatic life and is especially harmful to the sensory systems of salmon. Copper impairs salmon's sense of smell, thus reducing their ability to escape from predators. Up to half of the copper found in waterways from urban areas are from copper brake pads and is a key factor in the reduction of salmon population. In 2010, Washington and California each passed laws to ban production of brake pads containing more than 0.5% copper which will be effective in 2025. Since then, several other states including New York, Rhode Island, and Oregon have all introduced similar bills to ban copper brake pads. The raw materials that were added to the newly developed copper free sample brake pads are geopolymers; they are synthetic mineral products that combine properties of polymers, ceramics and cements. Geopolymers have the characteristic of behaving as adhesive rubber in order to replace phenolic resin matrix in the brake materials also it can be harden at room temperature which can increase friction coefficient of the brake pad. Sample brake pads manufactured on site with known constituents were tested with friction assessment and screening test machine, which measured and recorded the friction coefficient and wear of the brake pad. According to the experience in the past, the sample brake pads will be analyzed with density test and Shore Durometer test. The results presented in this report shows that geopolymers brake pad shows promising results for copper replacement for low-metallic friction material. Developed copper free friction sample shows promising result of coefficient of friction of 0.44 with thickness loss of 0.62 mm from friction assessment and screening test machine compare to commercial brake pad.
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Saysell, Colin G. "Reactivity of the copper containing enzyme galactose oxidase." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307890.

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Landeen, Lee Kevin 1965. "Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila by copper-silver ions and free chlorine." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276997.

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Water disinfection systems utilizing electrolytically generated copper:silver ions (200:20 to 400:40 ug/L) and low levels of free chlorine (0.1 to 0.4 mg/L) were evaluated at room (21-23°C) and elevated (39-40°C) temperatures in filtered well water (pH 7.3) for their efficacy in inactivating Legionella pneumophila (ATCC 33155). A contact time of 24 hr was necessary for copper:silver (400:40 ug/L) to achieve a 3 log₁₀ reduction in bacterial numbers at room temperature. As the copper:silver concentration increased to 800:80 ug/L (K = 7.50 x 10⁻³ log₁₀ reduction/min), the inactivation rate significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased. In water systems at room temperature with and without copper:silver (400:40 ug/L), the inactivation rates significantly increased as the free chlorine concentration increased from 0.1 mg/L (K = 0.397 log₁₀ reduction/min) to 0.4 mg/L (K = 1.047 log₁₀ reduction/min). All disinfection systems, regardless of temperature or free chlorine concentration, showed increased inactivation rates when 400:40 ug/L copper:silver was added; however, this trend was significant only at 0.4 mg/L free chlorine.
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Chiou, Ipeng 1957. "Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by copper, silver ions and free chlorine." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277992.

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The antibacterial effect of electrolytically generated copper and silver separately and combined with free chlorine on Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated in filtered well water (FWW) and autoclaved dairy process water (ADPW). The inactivation rate (k = log10 reduction/minute) was determined. Slow bactericidal effects were observed in both FWW and ADPW after exposure to 400:40 or 800:80 mug/L copper and silver compared to 0.15 mg/L chlorine. At least five hours of exposure was required for a 6 log10 reduction in the bacterial numbers with copper and silver; however, with chlorine, the exposure time was reduced to less than one minute for the FWW. Addition of 0.15 mg/L chlorine to water containing copper and silver resulted in a significantly enhanced inactivation rate as compared to chlorine alone in both FWW and ADPW. In ADPW, chlorine with copper (400, 800 mug/L) resulted in an increased k value compared to chlorine alone and copper alone.
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Starnes, Hazel Louise. "The role of copper in the free radical depolymerisation of hyaluronic acid." Thesis, University of Salford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308285.

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Baga, Ayad Naji Omar. "Reactions of some copper complexes with hydrogen peroxide and radiation-produced free radicals." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328136.

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Anson, Scott J. "Analysis of lead free tin-silver-copper and tin-lead solder wetting reactions." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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Freiholtz, Oliver. "Corrosion behaviour of new lead-free brass alloys in aqueous copper (II) chloride." Thesis, KTH, Kemi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299780.

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På grund av nya riktlinjer för användning av mässing i kontakt med dricksvatten har nya blyfria mässingslegeringar utvecklats. Det är därför av stort intresse att undersöka deras korrosionsegenskaper, såsom avzinkningshärdighet. Ett accelererat standardtest, SS-EN ISO 6509–1:2014, har använts för att bestämma avzinkningshärdighet hos mässingslegeringar. Eftersom detta standardtest utvecklades för bly-innehållande mässingslegeringar har det ännu inte fastställts huruvida denna metod också kan appliceras för fastställandet av avzinkningshärdigheten hos blyfria mässingslegeringar.  Syftet med detta examensarbete var att fylla denna kunskapslucka. Detta gjordes genom att undersöka hur avzinkningsegenskaperna för tre mässingslegeringar, varav två var blyfria och en bly-innehållande, påverkades genom att ändra standardtestets parametrar. Resultaten jämfördes sedan med deras beteende i kranvatten för att bestämma testresultatens tillförlitlighet. Det visade sig att majoriteten av de erhållna resultaten för de blyfria mässingslegeringarna var i överensstämmelse med de resultat som erhölls för den blyinnehållande mässingen. Slutsatsen som kunde dras var därför att standardtestet kan användas för att bestämma avzinkningshärdighet även av blyfri mässing samt att resultaten visar på samma rangordning gällande deras egenskaper i tappvatten.
Due to new regulations for the use of brass in contact with drinking water, new lead-free brass alloys have been developed. It is therefore of great interest to investigate their corrosion properties in terms of dezincification resistance. An accelerated standard test, SS-EN ISO 6509-1:2014 is used to determine the dezincification resistance of brass alloys. However, as this standard test was developed for leaded brass alloys, it has not yet been established whether this method also is suitable to assess the dezincification resistance of lead-free brass alloys.  This master thesis study aimed to expand this knowledge gap by investigating how the dezincification properties of three different brass alloys, two newly developed lead-free alloys and one lead-containing alloy, were affected by changing the parameters of the standard test. The results were compared with their behaviour in tap water to determine the reliability of the ISO test. Most of the obtained results of the lead-free brass alloys were in accordance with the results obtained for the leaded brass alloy. It could therefore be concluded that the standard test can be used to assess the dezincification resistance of brass alloys and also reflect their ranking at tap water conditions.
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Books on the topic "Copper free"

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Starnes, Hazel Louise. The role of copper in the free radical depolymerisation of hyaluronic acid. Salford: University of Salford, 1995.

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Powell, Pnina. Ṃeʻoravut matakhot ha-maʻavar bi-neziḳim biologiyim ha-musharim ʻal yede radiḳalim ḥofshiyim: Manganon reʻilut ha-paraḳṿaṭ. [Israel: ḥ. mo. l., 1990.

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Varada, Raj Subramanium, Walker K. P, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Stress versus temperature dependent activation energies in creep. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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Gittleman, Ann Louise. Why am I always so tired?: Discover how correcting your body's copper imbalance can: keep your body from giving out before your mind does, free you from those mid-day slumps, give you the energy breakthrough you've been looking for. San Francisco, Calif: HarperSanFrancisco, 1999.

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Tobar, Héctor. Deep down dark: The untold stories of 33 men buried in a Chilean mine, and the miracle that set them free. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: HarperCollinsPublishersLtd, 2014.

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Tobar, Héctor. Deep down dark: The untold stories of 33 men buried in a Chilean mine, and the miracle that set them free. London: Sceptre, 2015.

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D, Reid Colin, ed. To the world: Mark the literary attainments of the Rev. Robert Irvine, D.D., minister of Knox's Church ("Free Presbyterian"), Hamilton, shewn in the following letter, copied from the Globe newspaper of 22nd instant, Sunday labour, synod debate ... [Hamilton, Ont.?: s.n., 1986.

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Office, Great Britain Colonial. Prince Edward Island: Return to an address of the Honourable the House of Commons, dated 5 July 1842 : copies of the petition and memorial of the Legislative Council and Assembly of Her Majesty's Island of Prince Edward, in February 1842, to Her Majesty, praying for the admission of corn and other produce of that colony into Great Britain free ... [London: HMSO, 2001.

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Great Britain. Colonial Office. Canada: Return to an address of the Honourable the House of Commons, dated 3 February 1852, for, a copy of address of the Legislative Council of Canada respecting a royal charter for a college in connection with the Church of England in Canada, and respecting a free convocation of the bishops, clergy and laity in communion with the said church, dated the 9th day of July 1851, and copies or extracts of any correspondence relating thereto. [London: HMSO, 2001.

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Taylor, W. Thomas. The plot of Bartolomé Pagés: To free Santa Anna from the chains of his Texian captors in late 1836, the discovery of the plot and his subsequent arrest, his escape, capture, trial, and punishment, concluding with his doleful letter from prison to Sam Houston : with a further account of the modern forgery of the only known copy of the reward poster issued by Sheriff Calder in 1836, the twisting history of copies fake and real, their discovery and exposure, concluding with a few remarks on the staining & baking of paper. Dallas: DeGolyer Library, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Copper free"

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Klein, Konrad. "Development of copper-free friction material." In Proceedings, 647–55. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05978-1_45.

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Basosi, Riccardo, Giovanni Della Lunga, and Rebecca Pogni. "Copper Biomolecules in Solution." In Biomedical EPR, Part A: Free Radicals, Metals, Medicine, and Physiology, 385–416. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26741-7_13.

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Goldstein, Sara, Gidon Czapski, Haim Cohen, and Dan Meyerstein. "Free Radical Induced Cleavage of Organic Molecules Catalyzed by Copper Ions — An Alternative Pathway for Biological Damage." In Bioinorganic Chemistry of Copper, 222–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6875-5_18.

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Nedilko, S. A., and V. A. Drozd. "Problems of Searching for Copper-Free HTSC Compositions." In Physics and Materials Science of High Temperature Superconductors, IV, 205–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5732-2_15.

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Gilbert, B. C., G. Harrington, G. Scrivens, and S. Silvester. "EPR Studies of Fenton-Type Reactions in Copper- Peroxide Systems." In Free Radicals in Biology and Environment, 49–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1607-9_4.

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Cal, Pedro M. S. D., Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes, and Omar Boutureira. "Fluoroglycoproteins by Copper-Free Strain-Promoted Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition." In Springer Protocols Handbooks, 53–67. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0720-6_5.

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Ceballos-Picot, Irène, Annie Nicole, and Pierre-Marie Sinet. "Cellular clones and transgenic mice overexpressing copper — zinc superoxide dismutase: Models for the study of free radical metabolism and aging." In Free Radicals and Aging, 89–98. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7460-1_10.

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Goto, Takayuki, Masatsugu Fukunaga, Kazuya Miyagawa, Tetsuo Hanaguri, and Tetsuo Fukase. "Synthesis of Electron Doped Copper Oxides Free from 4f Spins." In Advances in Superconductivity V, 267–70. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68305-6_58.

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Tam, Nora F. Y., Yuk-Shan Wong, and Craig G. Simpson. "Removal of Copper by Free and Immobilized Microalga, Chlorella vulgaris." In Wastewater Treatment with Algae, 17–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10863-5_2.

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Jonas, John J., and Laszlo S. Toth. "Large Strain Effects during Free-End Torsion of Copper Bars." In Anisotropy and Localization of Plastic Deformation, 319–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3644-0_74.

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Conference papers on the topic "Copper free"

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Miller, M. K., and K. F. Russell. "Clustering and precipitation in neutron irradiated low copper and copper-free steels and model alloys." In 2006 19th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference and 50th International Field Emission Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivnc.2006.335299.

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Satyanarayan and K. N. Prabhu. "Wetting behavior of lead-free solders on copper substrates." In National Conference on Challenges in Research & Technology in the Coming Decades National Conference on Challenges in Research & Technology in the Coming Decades (CRT 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2013.2550.

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Bernhard, Tobias, Stefanie Manuela Bremmert, Sascha Dieter, Laurence John Gregoriades, and Edith Steinhauser. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Suppressors for Nickel-Free Electroless Copper Baths." In 2022 17th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact56280.2022.9966702.

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Liu, Chia Yu, June Che Lu, and Su Wen Hsu. "A Novel Halogen-Free, Phosphorous-free and Heat Resistant Material for Copper clad laminate." In Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact.2008.4783836.

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Hosoi, N., R. Kimizuka, M. Nagai, S. Okuyama, T. Kobayashi, N. Ito, K. Arita, and H. Miyamoto. "Two-step copper electroplating technique using seed enhancement step with alkali-metal-free copper pyrophosphate bath." In Proceedings of the IEEE 2001 International Interconnect Technology Conference. IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iitc.2001.930083.

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Araki, Noritoshi, Yasutomo Ichiyama, Ryo Oishi, and Takashi Yamada. "A study of free air ball formation in palladium-coated copper and bare copper bonding wire." In 2013 IEEE 63rd Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc.2013.6575779.

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Jorne, J., and Anh Man Tran. "Additive-free electroplating of copper in high-aspect-ratio trenches." In Proceedings of the IEEE 2001 International Interconnect Technology Conference. IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iitc.2001.930006.

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Reinhardt, Kathrin, Christel Kretzschmar, Lars Rebenklau, Jurgen Schul, Andreas Meyer, and Christian Marx. "Lead-oxide-free copper thick-film paste for alumina substrates." In 2010 33rd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2010.5547266.

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Yuan, Shuaishuai, Yiquan Li, Jinkai Xu, and Changtai Zhai. "Study on Orthogonal Micro-cutting Deformation of Oxygen-free Copper." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3m-nano46308.2019.8947407.

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Carlen, M., and M. Berrogain. "Oil-free pole-mount transformers: Avoiding oil and copper theft." In 2015 IEEE Thirty Fifth Central American and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN XXXV). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/concapan.2015.7428489.

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Reports on the topic "Copper free"

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Rohatgi, P. K. Development of Lead-Free Copper Alloy-Graphite Castings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/14366.

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Pritzkau, David P. Experimental Study of RF Pulsed Heating on Oxygen Free Electronic Copper. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812622.

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Rohatgi, P. K. Development of lead-free copper alloy graphite castings. Annual report, January--December 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/435339.

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Rohatgi, P. K. Development of lead-free copper alloy-graphite casting. Annual report, January--December 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/282040.

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Rohatgi, P. K. Development of lead-free copper alloy-graphite castings. Technical report, January 1994--December 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/83843.

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Jones, Thomas, Richard Strachan, David Mackie, Mervyn Cooper, Brian Frame, and Jan Vorstius. Phase Field & Monte Carlo Potts Simulation of Grain Growth and Morphology of Vertically Upwards Cast Oxygen Free Copper. University of Dundee, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001287.

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A 2-D Phase-Field coupled Monte Carlo-Potts model, using PhasePot of vertically upwards continuous casting (VUCC) of oxygen free copper (OFCu) was investigated to reveal the grain growth morphology and the withdrawal parameters required to produce a high-quality homogeneity within the grain structure. A dynamic moving reference frame was used as an approximation to the complex withdrawal parameters. The simulation results were validated alongside cast rod grain structures produced under the same cast parameters, at Rautomead Ltd on a RS080 VUCC machine.
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Rohatgi, P. K. Development of lead-free copper alloy graphite castings. Annual report for the period January through December 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/542500.

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Hutchinson, M. L., J. E. L. Corry, and R. H. Madden. A review of the impact of food processing on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in secondary processed meats and meat products. Food Standards Agency, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bxn990.

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For meat and meat products, secondary processes are those that relate to the downstream of the primary chilling of carcasses. Secondary processes include maturation chilling, deboning, portioning, mincing and other operations such as thermal processing (cooking) that create fresh meat, meat preparations and ready-to-eat meat products. This review systematically identified and summarised information relating to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the manufacture of secondary processed meatand meat products (SPMMP). Systematic searching of eight literature databases was undertaken and the resultantpapers were appraised for relevance to AMR and SPMMP. Consideration was made that the appraisal scores, undertaken by different reviewers, were consistent. Appraisal reduced the 11,000 initially identified documents to 74, which indicated that literature relating to AMR and SPMMP was not plentiful. A wide range of laboratory methods and breakpoint values (i.e. the concentration of antimicrobial used to assess sensitivity, tolerance or resistance) were used for the isolation of AMR bacteria.The identified papers provided evidence that AMR bacteria could be routinely isolated from SPMMP. There was no evidence that either confirmed or refuted that genetic materials capable of increasing AMR in non-AMR bacteria were present unprotected (i.e. outside of a cell or a capsid) in SPMMP. Statistical analyses were not straightforward because different authors used different laboratory methodologies.However, analyses using antibiotic organised into broadly-related groups indicated that Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to third generation cephalosporins might be an area of upcoming concern in SPMMP. The effective treatment of patients infected with Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to cephalosporins are a known clinical issue. No AMR associations with geography were observed and most of the publications identified tended to be from Europe and the far east.AMR Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria could be tolerant to cleaning and disinfection in secondary processing environments. The basis of the tolerance could be genetic (e.g. efflux pumps) or environmental (e.g. biofilm growth). Persistent, plant resident, AMR L. monocytogenes were shown by one study to be the source of final product contamination. 4 AMR genes can be present in bacterial cultures used for the manufacture of fermented SPMMP. Furthermore, there was broad evidence that AMR loci could be transferred during meat fermentation, with refrigeration temperatures curtailing transfer rates. Given the potential for AMR transfer, it may be prudent to advise food business operators (FBOs) to use fermentation starter cultures that are AMR-free or not contained within easily mobilisable genetic elements. Thermal processing was seen to be the only secondary processing stage that served as a critical control point for numbers of AMR bacteria. There were significant linkages between some AMR genes in Salmonella. Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes were associated with copper, tetracycline and sulphonamide resistance by virtue of co-location on the same plasmid. No evidence was found that either supported or refuted that there was any association between AMR genes and genes that encoded an altered stress response or enhanced the survival of AMR bacteria exposed to harmful environmental conditions.
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Bano, Masooda. The Missing Link: Low-Fee Private Tuition and Education Options for the Poor – The Demand-Side Dynamics in Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/113.

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Low-fee private schools are today recognised as important players in the education market in developing countries, as they are argued to provide at least marginally better education than is on offer in the state schools. Leading international development agencies have begun encouraging governments in developing countries to include them within the policy-planning process. Based on fieldwork in two urban neighbourhoods in Pakistan, this paper shows that low-income parents are keen to secure good-quality education for their children, but they have to choose not only between state schools and low-fee private schools but also from among an array of low-fee tuition providers in their immediate neighbourhood to ensure that the child can cope in class, complete daily homework assignments, and pass exams in order to transition to the next grade. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that whether their child is enrolled in a state school or in a low-fee private school, the parents’ dependence on low-fee tuition providers is absolute: without their services, the child will not progress through the primary grades. Yet the sector remains entirely under-researched. The paper argues for the need to map the scale of this sector, document the household spending on it, and bring it within policy debates, placing it alongside low-fee private schools and state schools in order to provide access to primary education to all and improve the quality of education. At the same time it complicates the existing debates on low-fee private schools, by showing that parents on very low incomes — in this case households where mothers are employed as domestic workers and fathers are in casual employment — find them inaccessible; it also shows that household spending on education needs to take into account not just the charges imposed by low-fee schools, but also the cost of securing religious education, which is equally valued by the parents and is not free, and also the cost of paying the low-fee tuition provider. When all these costs are taken into account, the concerns that low-fee private schools are not truly accessible to the poor gain further traction. The paper also shows that mothers end up bearing the primary burden, having to work to cover the costs of their children’s education, because the core income provided by the father can barely cover the household costs.
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Jordan, Ramon L., Abed Gera, Hei-Ti Hsu, Andre Franck, and Gad Loebenstein. Detection and Diagnosis of Virus Diseases of Pelargonium. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568793.bard.

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Pelargonium (Geranium) is the number one pot plant in many areas of the United States and Europe. Israel and the U.S. send to Europe rooted cuttings, foundation stocks and finished plants to supply a certain share of the market. Geraniums are propagated mainly vegetatively from cuttings. Consequently, viral diseases have been and remain a major threat to the production and quality of the crop. Among the viruses isolated from naturally infected geraniums, 11 are not specific to Pelargonium and occur in other crops while 6 other viruses seem to be limited to geranium. However, several of these viruses are not sufficiently characterized to conclude that they are distinct agents and their nomenclature and taxonomy are confusing. The ability to separate, distinguish and detect the different viruses in geranium will overcome obstacles te developing effective detection and certification schemes. Our focus was to further characterize some of these viruses and develop better methods for their detection and control. These viruses include: isolates of pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV), pelargonium ringspot virus (PelRSV), pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV), pelargonium leaf curl (PLCV), and tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV). Twelve hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specific to a geranium isolate of TomRSV were produced. These antibodies are currently being characterized and will be tested for the ability to detect TomRSV in infected geraniums. The biological, biochemical and serological properties of four isometric viruses - PLPV, PelRSV, and PFBV (and a PelRSV-like isolate from Italy called GR57) isolated from geraniums exhibiting line and ring pattern or flower break symptoms - and an isolate ol elderbeny latent virus (ELV; which the literature indicates is the same as PelRSV) have been determined Cloned cDNA copies of the genomic RNAs of these viruses were sequenced and the sizes and locations of predicted viral proteins deduced. A portion of the putative replicase genes was also sequenced from cloned RT-PCR fragments. We have shown that, when compared to the published biochemical and serological properties, and sequences and genome organizations of other small isometric plant viruses, all of these viruses should each be considered new, distinct members of the Carmovirus group of the family Tombusviridae. Hybridization assays using recombinant DNA probes also demonstrated that PLPV, PelRSV, and ELV produce only one subgenomic RNA in infected plants. This unusual property of the gene expression of these three viruses suggests that they are unique among the Carmoviruses. The development of new technologies for the detection of these viruses in geranium was also demonstrated. Hybridization probes developed to PFBV (radioactively-labeled cRNA riboprobes) and to PLPV (non-radioactive digoxigenin-labeled cDNAs) were generally shown to be no more sensitive for the detection of virus in infected plants than the standard ELISA serology-based assays. However, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay was shown to be over 1000 times more sensitive in detecting PFBV in leaf extracts of infected geranium than was ELISA. This research has lead to a better understanding of the identity of the viruses infecting pelargonium and to the development of new tools that can be used in an improved scheme of providing virus-indexed pelargonium plants. The sequence information, and the serological and cloned DNA probes generated from this work, will allow the application of these new tools for virus detection, which will be useful in domestic and international indexing programs which are essential for the production of virus-free germplasm both for domestic markets and the international exchange of plant material.
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