Relevant bibliographies by topics / Copper and silver cation exchange

Academic literature on the topic 'Copper and silver cation exchange'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Copper and silver cation exchange"

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Zhang, Xiaoxia, Zhenlan Xu, Andreas Wimmer, Hangjun Zhang, Jiaojiao Wang, Qibei Bao, Zhouhang Gu, Mei Zhu, Lixi Zeng, and Lingxiangyu Li. "Mechanism for sulfidation of silver nanoparticles by copper sulfide in water under aerobic conditions." Environmental Science: Nano 5, no. 12 (2018): 2819–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8en00651b.

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Chen, Nan, Michael R. Scimeca, Shlok J. Paul, Shihab B. Hafiz, Ze Yang, Xiangyu Liu, Fan Yang, Dong-Kyun Ko, and Ayaskanta Sahu. "High-performance thermoelectric silver selenide thin films cation exchanged from a copper selenide template." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 1 (2020): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9na00605b.

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Prieto-Blanco, Xesús, and Carlos Montero-Orille. "Theoretical Modelling of Ion Exchange Processes in Glass: Advances and Challenges." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 30, 2021): 5070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115070.

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In the last few years, some advances have been made in the theoretical modelling of ion exchange processes in glass. On the one hand, the equations that describe the evolution of the cation concentration were rewritten in a more rigorous manner. This was made into two theoretical frameworks. In the first one, the self-diffusion coefficients were assumed to be constant, whereas, in the second one, a more realistic cation behaviour was considered by taking into account the so-called mixed ion effect. Along with these equations, the boundary conditions for the usual ion exchange processes from molten salts, silver and copper films and metallic cathodes were accordingly established. On the other hand, the modelling of some ion exchange processes that have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, including glass poling, electro-diffusion of multivalent metals and the formation/dissolution of silver nanoparticles, has been addressed. In such processes, the usual approximations that are made in ion exchange modelling are not always valid. An overview of the progress made and the remaining challenges in the modelling of these unique processes is provided at the end of this review.
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Concepcion-Rosabal, Beatriz, Arbelio Penton-Madrigal, Inocente Rodriguez-Iznaga, Ernesto Estevez-Rams, and Vitalii Petranovskii. "Reduction of Cu2+in exchanged Ag+natural clinoptilolite: structural study." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314082345.

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Modified zeolites with cations, clusters and metallic nanoparticles are of interest due to the possibility to develop materials with new properties [1]. A study concerning the thermal reduction under hydrogen flow of mixed bimetallic system Cu2+ and Ag+ exchanged natural clinoptilolite Tasajeras deposit, Cuba is presented. The influence of silver in the reduction of Cu2+ was studied. X-Ray diffraction experiments on natural clinoptilolite, as well as on ion-exchanged monometallic and bimetallic samples were performed. The peak intensities of the exchanged samples, are changed as a result of the ion exchange, and they are fundamentally associated with differences in nature, amount and position of the extra-framework ions in the channels of the natural zeolites [2, 3]. The fig 1 shows the magnitude of the Fourier Transform (FT) for the EXAFS signals of the natural clinoptilolite exchanged with Cu2+ and of the natural clinoptilolite exchanged with both Cu2+ and Ag+ and reduced at 150 oC . The TF of the experimental EXAFS signal of metallic Cu, has been also added. The amplitude of the peak at 1.82 Å, associated with the coordination of Cu2+ with 4 oxygen atoms, decreases upon Cu was added. A detailed analysis of the graph reveals also that for the exchanged and reduced samples a peak at 2.58 Å begins to emerge. This maximum coincides with the first maximum of the metallic Cu and may be associated with the formation of small clusters of Cu. The addition of Ag+ favors the decrease of the reduction temperature of Cu2+. The reduction of Cu2+ and Ag+ cations shows existence of notable interinfluence between both cations during this process. The Cu2+ reduction is favored by the presence of Ag+. The aggregation of the reduced highly dispersed species both for copper and silver is limited in this bimetallic system. The introduction of Ag+ as the second cation in the copper exchanged zeolites appears to be an efficient tool for the control of the size of the resultant reduced nanoparticles.
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Kaali, Péter, and György Czél. "Single, Binary and Ternary Ion Exchanged Zeolite as an Effective Bioactive Filler for Biomedical Polymer Composites." Materials Science Forum 729 (November 2012): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.729.234.

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The preparation and modelling of single, binary and ternary ion exchanged zeolites that express antimicrobial efficiency is discussed. As experimental material A type zeolite was used and different variations of Ag, Cu and Zn ions were incorporated into the crystal structure. Antimicrobial efficiency is based on the ion concentration and ion release of the zeolite, therefore the maximum cation-exchange capacities (CEC) were determined for each of the single ions. After the determination of CEC the preparation of binary and ternary ion-exchanged zeolite samples were prepared by the mixture of silver, copper and zinc nitrate solutions and the composition of the samples was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). To verify the bioactive effect, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of single, binary and ternary ion-exchanged zeolite A was determined for bacteria strains.
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Sayee Kannan, R., S. Siva, K. Kavitha, and N. Kannan. "Phenol and Formaldehyde Cationic Resin Blended with Sulphonated Aegle Marmelos Charcoal." Materials Science Forum 699 (September 2011): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.699.281.

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This paper represents a simple method for preparing and characterizing of low-cost ion exchangers of sulfonated carbon prepared from Aegle Marmelos., as a source of cheap plant material blended with phenol-formaldehyde as a cross linking agent. The prepared ion exchange resins (IERS) are characterized by infrared (IR) spectral and thermal studies. All the important physico chemical properties of the ion exchangers have been determined. It is concluded from the present study that PER sample could be blended with 30% (W/W) of sulfonated Aegle Marmelos charcoal (SAMC) without affecting its physico chemical, spectral and thermal properties. Hence blending with SAMC will be finitely lower the cost of the ion exchange resin. Ion exchange process is suitable in the treatment of waste water containing metal ions discharge from plating and other industries. Also, it is a convenient way to concentrate and remove the ions of valuable metals like copper, mercury, cadmium, Nickel and Barium special processes using selective IERS are also available for the recovery of precisious noble metals like gold, platinum and silver. The present study is aimed at to synthesize and characterize new composite ion exchangers of PhOH – HCHO type, blended with SAMC and to determine the column/cation exchange capacity (or) ion exchange capacity (IEC) for some selective metal ions.
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Noori, Farzaneh, Meriem Megoura, Marc-André Labelle, Mircea Alexandru Mateescu, and Abdelkrim Azzouz. "Synthesis of Metal-Loaded Carboxylated Biopolymers with Antibacterial Activity through Metal Subnanoparticle Incorporation." Antibiotics 11, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11040439.

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Carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) loaded by highly dispersed metal subnanoparticles (MSNPs) showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis strains. Copper and silver were found to act in both cationic and zero-valence forms. The antibacterial activity depends on the metal species content but only up to a certain level. Silver cation (Ag+) showed higher antibacterial activity as compared to Ag0, which was, however, more effective than Cu0, due to weaker retention. The number of carboxyl groups of the biopolymers was found to govern the material dispersion in aqueous media, the metal retention strength and dispersion in the host-matrices. Cation and metal retention in both biopolymers was found to involve interactions with the oxygen atoms of both hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. There exists a ternary interdependence between the Zeta potential (ZP), pH induced by the biocidal agent and its particle size (PS). This interdependence is a key factor in the exchange processes with the surrounding species, including bacteria. Clay mineral incorporation was found to mitigate material dispersion, due to detrimental competitive clay:polymer interaction. This knowledge advancement opens promising prospects for manufacturing metal-loaded materials for biomedical applications.
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WANG, Xiu, Pingyue HU, Zhipeng WANG, Qiuyun LIU, Ting XU, Mengqian KOU, Ke HUANG, and Piaopiao CHEN. "A Fluorescence Strategy for Silver Ion Assay via Cation Exchange Reaction and Formation of Poly(thymine)-templated Copper Nanoclusters." Analytical Sciences 35, no. 8 (August 10, 2019): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.19p036.

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Das, Malay Kanti, S. Chattopadhayay, B. R. Sarkar, and N. Ramamoorthy. "A cation exchange method for separation of 111In from inactive silver, copper, traces of iron and radioactive gallium and zinc isotopes." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 48, no. 1 (January 1997): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(96)00123-6.

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Banakh, O. S., R. I. Baranskyi, V. J. Rogovyk, and I. M. Zybak. "Modified Zeolites in Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Air Pollutants." Adsorption Science & Technology 14, no. 4 (August 1996): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749601400401.

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Based on zeolites of types X, Y and M, with and without binding clay, ion-exchange modifications containing alkali and alkaline earth cations (silver and copper) and different quantities of water have been prepared. Data obtained with these zeolites have enabled their retention volumes and selectivities towards low boiling hydrocarbons and oxide gases to be calculated. Sharp changes were observed in these parameters when the chromatography of ethane and other gases was conducted on such zeolites with up to 10% K+, Rb+ and Cs+ cations replaced, i.e. when low replacement of exchangable cations had been effected. The same effect was encountered with CO and olefins when 0.08CuNaY zeolite was employed. An increase in temperature and the introduction of water into the system caused a decrease in the effect. These observations have prove useful in the construction of chromatographic columns and adsorption filters for the extraction and concentration of certain pollutants.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Copper and silver cation exchange"

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Esplugas, Ricardo Oliveira. "Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory studies of copper and silver cation complexes." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496931.

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A particular emphasis of this thesis has been to provide insight into the underlying stability of these complexes and hence interpret experimental data, and to establish the development of solvation shell structure and its effect on reactivity and excited states. Energy decomposition analysis, fragment analysis and charge analysis has been used throughout to provide deeper insight into the nature of the bonding in these complexes. This has also been used successfully to explain observed preferential stability and dissociative loss products.
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Lox, Josephine F. L., Zhiya Dang, Volodymyr Dzhagan, Daniel Spittel, Beatriz Martín-García, Iwan Moreels, Dietrich R. T. Zahn, and Vladimir Lesnyak. "Near-Infrared Cu-In-Se-Based Colloidal Nanocrystals via Cation Exchange." ACS Publications, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36557.

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We developed a three-step colloidal synthesis of near-infrared active Cu-In-Se (CISe)/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) via a sequential partial cation exchange. In the first step binary highly copper deficient Cu2‒xSe NCs were synthesized, followed by a partial cation exchange of copper to indium ions yielding CISe NCs. In order to enhance the stability and the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the NCs, a subsequent ZnS shell was grown, resulting in CISe/ZnS core/shell NCs. These core/shell hetero-NCs exhibited a dramatic increase in size and a restructuring to trigonal pyramidal particles. The reaction parameters, e.g. the Cu:Se-ratio, the temperature and the time were carefully tuned enabling a distinct control over the size and the composition of the NCs. By varying only the size of the CISe/ZnS NCs (from 9 to 18 nm) the PL spectra could be tuned covering a wide range with maxima from 990 nm to 1210 nm. Thus, in these experiments we demonstrate a clear dependence of the optical properties of these materials on their size and extend the PL range of CISe-based nanoparticles further to the infrared part of the spectrum. Furthermore, the relatively large size of these NCs allows their detailed structural analysis via electron microscopy techniques, which is particularly challenging in the case of small particles and especially important to relate the size, composition and crystal structure to their optoelectronic properties.
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Ay, Hale. "Single And Multicomponent Ion Exchange Of Silver, Zinc And Copper On Zeolite 4a." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609882/index.pdf.

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Ion exchange of heavy metals with zeolites is important in terms of different application areas. Industrial wastewater treatment and antibacterial applications are two essential areas that have taken great attention. While silver, zinc and copper are well known for their toxicity, they are also used as antibacterial agents in zeolites. The objective of this study is to investigate the single and multicomponent ion exchange behavior of zeolite 4A for silver, zinc, copper and sodium ions. For this purpose Ag+-Na+, Zn2+-Na+, Cu2+-Na+ binary systems and Ag+-Zn2+-Na+, Ag+-Cu2+-Na+, Cu2+-Zn2+-Na+ ternary systems were investigated in batch systems at 25°
C and 0.1 N. Binary ion exchange isotherms indicate that zeolite 4A has high selectivity for silver, zinc and copper with respect to sodium. All exchange isotherms lie above the diagonal over the whole range. Using the equilibrium data, the thermodynamic analysis of the binary systems were carried out. The thermodynamic equilibrium constants and the standard free energies of exchange were calculated as 340.9 and -14.5 kJ/mol for silver-sodium system, 40.5 and -4.6 kJ/mol for zinc-sodium system, and 161.2 and -6.3 kJ/mol for copper-sodium system, respectively. From these values, selectivity sequence of zeolite 4A was determined as Ag+ >
Cu2+ >
Zn2+. This selectivity sequence was also verified by the results of ternary ion exchange experiments. The experimental data were compared with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. While Freundlich model gives a better correlation for Ag+-Na+ and Zn2+-Na+ exchange, Langmuir model represents a better fit to the experimental data of Cu2+-Na+ exchange.
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Atluri, Vasudeva Prasad 1959. "Recovery of gold and silver from ammoniacal thiosulfate solutions containing copper by resin ion exchange method." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276566.

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This research was undertaken to study the suitable physico-chemical conditions for the selective recovery of gold and silver from simulated thiosulfate leach liquors containing copper, gold or silver, ammonia and thiosulfate using three anion exchange resins. In particular, the effect of chemical variables such as thiosulfate, cupric ion and ammonia concentrations and the solution potential of the system on the batch loading of silver and gold onto the resins have been investigated in detail. Pourbaix diagrams have been constructed to understand the stability of this complex system under various Eh and pH conditions. The experimental results indicate that IRA-400 resin has the highest capacity for both silver and gold compared to IRA-68 and IRA-94. All the three resins investigated are not selective to silver and gold over copper. The elution studies using ammonium thiosulfate solutions have revealed that selective elution of silver from copper is not possible, while some selectivity can be achieved between gold and copper. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
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ISIDORO, ROBERTA A. "Desenvolvimento de eletrocatalisadores de PdM (M= Ni, Cu, Ag) para reação de redução de oxigênio em meio básico na ausência e presença de álcool." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26388.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T13:42:56Z No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T13:42:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Amara, Mustapha. "Modelisation de catalyseurs de methanolation a base de cu et de zn supportes sur oxydes." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066236.

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Acapito, Francesco d'. "Étude structurale de verres silicates dopés au cuivre et à l'argent." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10105.

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Dans ce travail nous avons analyse de petits agregats metalliques en verre dans le but d'en determiner les proprietes structurales, leur lien avec la reponse optique et l'influence de l'ordre locale sur les proprietes de diffusion des metaux dans les verres alkalino-silicates. - verres silicates implantes cu : la structure des agregats de cu formes par implantation ionique dans la silice amorphe a ete etudiee au point de vue morphologique et locale. Les techniques de diffusion et diffraction de rayons x en incidence rasante ont ete utilisees et ont permis de determiner la taille des particules ainsi que leur phase cristalline. La technique de l'absorption des rayons x (xas) a ete utilisee pour determiner la structure locale des atomes de cu dans le verre ainsi que leur etat de valence. Les agregats metalliques ont ete observes et caracterises du point de vue structurale. Les agregats les plus petits montrent une reduction du parametre de maille ainsi que une augmentation du desordre statique. - l'etat de valence du cu dans les verres implantes. Les analyses des seuils d'absorption de rayons x ont montre que le cu peut etre loge dans le verre sous la forme de cu#+#1 ou cu#+#2 aussi que dans l'etat metallique. Nous avons trouve l'evidence que les ions metalliques a l'interieur du verre sont plus oxydes que ceux pres de la surface et proposons une explication pour ce phenomene. Verres soda-lime dopes par echange ionique : nous avons etudie des verres soda-lime dopes avec cu et ag par la methode de l'echange ionique prepares suivant differentes procedures. La structure atomique locale autour du metal a ete determine et ne depend pas des details de preparation de l'echantillon mais seulement du metal dopant. Agregation des metaux provoquee par bombardement ionique dans les verres la structure locale des atomes d'ag dans des verres traites par bombardement ionique a ete analysee et les phases structurales obtenues par differentes parametres de traitement ont ete determinees.
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Shan, Tan Chih, and 譚至善. "Cation Exchange Behavior, Facet-Dependent Effect and Transition States in Crystallization of Nanoscale Copper Compounds." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13159116077909534268.

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博士
國立清華大學
材料科學工程學系
103
Due to the timely confluence of basic sciences, chemistry, physics, and biology as well as development of powerful new tools, nanotechnology has been advancing at a dazzling speed in recent years. The new breakthrough is matters will change their ordinary properties into new and undiscovered properties in nanoscale or atomic scale. In such a small scale, materials will be totally different with any matters which we have ever experienced before. Thanks to the instrumental development, we can observe materials in atomic scale via high resolution electron microscope and to explain the unexpected phenomenon. Nanotechnology becomes a connecting path to break down the barriers among the traditional physics, chemistry, and biology research fields. The present research is focused on three parts: fabrication of Ag2S-Cu2S superlattice p-n heterojunction by cation exchange, dynamic observation of crystallization of CuCl2 and cation exchange, and the facet-dependent I-V behaviors on a single Cu2O nanoparticle. Fabrication of superlattice nanowires (NWs) with precisely controlled segments normally requires a sequential introduction of reagents to the growing wires at elevated temperatures and low pressure. Here we demonstrate a new approach to fabricating superlattice NWs possessing multiple p-n heterojunctions by converting the initially-formed CdS to Cu2S NWs first and then to segmented Cu2S–Ag2S NWs through the sequential cation exchange at low temperatures. In the formation of Cu2S NWs, twin boundaries generated along the NWs act as the preferred sites to initiate the nucleation and growth of Ag2S segments. Varying the immersion time of Cu2S NWs in a AgNO3 solution controls the Ag2S segment length. Adjacent Cu2S and Ag2S segments in a NW were found to display the typical electrical behavior of a p-n junction. For chemical reactions in liquid state, such as catalysis, understanding of dynamical changes is conducive to practical applications. Solvation of copper salts in aqueous solution has implications for life, the environment, and industry. In an ongoing research, the question arises that why the color of the aqueous CuCl2 solution changes with solution concentration? In this work, we have developed a convenient and efficient in situ surface enhanced Raman scattering technique to probe the presence of many intermediates, some of them are responsible for the color change, in crystallization of aqueous copper chloride solution. The versatility of the novel technique was confirmed in the identification of five intermediate states in the transition from CdS to MoS2 nanowires in solution. The facile in situ method is expected to be widely applicable in probing intermediate states in a variety of chemical reactions in solution. It is of interest to examine facet-dependent electrical properties of single Cu2O crystals, since such study greatly advances our understanding of various facet effects exhibited by semiconductors. We show a Cu2O octahedron is highly conductive, a cube is moderately conductive, and a rhombic dodecahedron is non-conductive. The conductivity differences are ascribed to the presence of a thin surface layer having different degrees of band bending. When electrical connection was made on two different facets of a rhombicuboctahedron, a diode-like response was obtained, demonstrating the potential of using single polyhedral nanocrystals as functional electronic components. Density of state (DOS) plots for three layers of Cu2O (111), (100), and (110) planes show respective metallic, semimetal, and semiconducting band structures. By examining DOS plots for varying number of planes, the surface layer thicknesses responsible for the facet-dependent electrical properties of Cu2O crystals have been determined to be below 1.5 nm for these facets.
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Lee, Myung Jae. "Adsorption of Alkaline Copper Quat Components in Wood-mechanisms and Influencing Factors." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29788.

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Mechanisms of adsorption of alkaline copper quat (ACQ) components in wood were investigated with emphasis on: copper chemisorption, copper physisorption, and quat adsorption. Various factors were investigated that could affect the adsorption of individual ACQ components in red pine wood. Copper chemisorption in wood was affected by ligand types coordinating with Cu and the stability of the Cu-ligand complexes in solution. For Cu-monoethanolamine (Cu-Mea) system, the prevailing active solvent species at the solution pH, [Cu(Mea)2-H]+ complexes with wood acid sites and loses one Mea molecule through a ligand exchange reaction. The amount of adsorbed Cu was closely related to the cation exchange capacity of wood. An increase in Mea/Cu ratio increased the proportion of the uncharged Cu-Mea complex and resulted in decreased Cu chemisorption in wood. Copper precipitation is also an important Cu fixation mechanisms of Cu-amine treated wood. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that in vitro precipitated Cu was a mixture of copper carbonates (azurite and malachite) and possibly Cu2O. Higher concentration Cu-amine solutions retarded the Cu precipitation to a lower pH because of higher free amine in the preservative-wood system. The changes in zeta potential of wood in relationship to the quaternary ammonium (alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride: ADBAC) adsorption isotherm showed two different adsorption mechanisms for quat in wood: ion exchange reaction at low concentration and additional aggregation form of adsorption by hydrophobic interaction at high concentration. Because of the aggregation effect, when wood was treated with ACQ, high amounts of ADBAC were concentrated near the surface creating a steep gradient with depth. This aggregated ADBAC was easily leached out while the ion exchanged ADBAC had high leaching resistance. Free Mea and Cu of ACQ components appeared to compete with ADBAC for the same bonding sites in wood.
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Tsai, Ming-wei, and 蔡明偉. "Studies on electroconvection control of electrodialysis to treat copper wastewater and transfer characteristics of cation exchange membrane by different physico-chemical factors." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81214088369668819106.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
96
This research works on utilizing an electrochemical analyzer to determine ionic transport characteristics of the cationic exchange membrane and evaluating the feasibility of treating copper wastewater by the electrodialysis system under electroconvection control. Results based on different copper concentration exhibit that the occurrence time of limiting current density is irrelevant to the copper concentration and there is a proportional relationship between limiting current density and the copper concentration. This illustrates that the concentration diffusion effect is the major limiting factor of the ionic transport under the ohmic application. For the electroconvection region, the initial voltage of electroconvection region will decrease with increasing the copper concentration, which is consistent with Nernst equation. For testing pH effect, the acid condition aids to enhance the ionic transport rate under both ohmic and electroconvection control. That means the H+ ions will influence the transport rate of copper ions significantly. For testing the effect of different anions, the magnitude order of the limiting current density is nitrate, chloride, and sulfate under ohmic control. There may have certain correlation between the ionic transport characteristics and the anionic species, which needs more investigations. However, the above order can not be followed under the electroconvection control. After treating copper wastewater for 60 minutes by the electrodialysis system under electroconvection control, the pH value of dense compartment and dilute compartment is around 2. This acidification results form the water hydrolysis reactions. It is also observed that some hydroxide scaling attach on the surface membrane, which may be caused by the occurrence of OH- on the membrane surface. In addition, copper ions still can penetrate through the cationic exchange membrane under the saturated condition, which implies the decreasing removal efficiency induced by other reasons. In comparison with the new and used membranes by energy diffused spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray diffract meter (XRD), we can find that the crystal of copper hydroxide produced on the used anionic exchange membrane in the dense compartment. By Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), there are no significant changes between new and used membranes.
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Books on the topic "Copper and silver cation exchange"

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Uwe, Landau, and Kuhn Anselm T, eds. The bactericidal and oligodynamic action of silver and copper in hygiene, medicine, and water treatment. Stevenage: Finishing Publications, 2007.

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Higham, Charles F. W., and Nam C. Kim, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Early Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199355358.001.0001.

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Southeast Asia is one of the most significant regions in the world for tracing human prehistory over a period of 2 million years. Migrations from the African homeland saw settlement by Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis. Anatomically Modern Humans reached Southeast Asia at least 60,000 years ago to establish a hunter-gatherer tradition, adapting as climatic change saw sea levels fluctuate by over 100 meters. From about 2000 BC, settlement was affected by successive innovations that took place to the north and west. The first rice and millet farmers came by riverine and coastal routes to integrate with indigenous hunters. A millennium later, knowledge of bronze casting penetrated along similar pathways. Copper mines were identified, and metals were exchanged over hundreds of kilometers as elites commanded access to this new material. This Bronze Age ended with the rise of a maritime exchange network that circulated new ideas, religions and artifacts with adjacent areas of present-day India and China. Port cities were founded as knowledge of iron forging rapidly spread, as did exotic ornaments fashioned from glass, carnelian, gold, and silver. In the Mekong Delta, these developments led to an early transition into the state known as Funan. However, the transition to early states in inland regions arose as a sharp decline in monsoon rains stimulated an agricultural revolution involving permanent plowed rice fields. These twin developments illuminate how the great early kingdoms of Angkor, Champa, and Central Thailand came to be, a vital stage in understanding the roots of modern states.
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Book chapters on the topic "Copper and silver cation exchange"

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Stortini, Roberto. "Purification of Effluents of Acid Copper and Nickel Plating Galvanic Processes with Conventional Cation Exchange Resins. Copper and Nickel Recovery." In Fundamentals and Applications of Ion Exchange, 34–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5161-7_5.

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Barros, K. S., Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório, and Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa. "Chronopotentiometry Applied to the Determination of Copper Transport Properties Through a Cation-Exchange Membrane." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 473–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52192-3_46.

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Karakus, Selcan, Ezgi Tan, Merve Ilgar, Ismail Sıtkı Basdemir, and Ayben Kilislioglu. "Comparative Antibacterial Effects of a Novel Copper and Silver- Based Core/Shell Nanostructure by Sonochemical Method." In New Trends in Ion Exchange Studies. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81588.

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Wuensch, Bernhardt J. "Silver and Copper Fast-Ion Conductors with Simple Anion Packings: Cation Distributions, Bonding, and Transport Behavior." In Solid State Ionics, 291–313. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89354-3.50043-x.

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Kourim, Aicha, Moulay Abderrahmane Malouki, and Aicha Ziouche. "Thermodynamic and Kinetic Behaviors of Copper (II) and Methyl Orange (MO) Adsorption on Unmodified and Modified Kaolinite Clay." In Clay and Clay Minerals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98625.

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In this study, the adsorption of Copper Cu (II) and methyl Orange (MO) from aqueous solution, on Tamanrasset’s unmodified and modified Kaolinite clay which as low cost adsorbents, was studied using batch experiments. The adsorption study includes both equilibrium adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics study. For the characterization of the adsorbent several properties are determined such as pH, the Specific Surface Area, the Point of Zero Charge and the Cation Exchange Capacity. Indeed, various parameters were investigated such as contact time, initial metal and dye concentration, mass of solid, pH of the solution and temperature. The adsorption process as batch study was investigated under the previews experimental parameters.
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Galbraith, John Kenneth, and James K. Galbraith. "Of Coins and Treasure." In Money. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691171661.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the history of coins made of precious metals such as gold, silver, and copper. Some 4,000 years ago, there had been agreement on the use of silver, copper, or gold for purposes of exchange. Metal was made into coins of predetermined weight, an innovation attributed by Herodotus to the kings of Lydia, presumably in the latter part of the eighth century BC. The chapter considers how coinage after the Lydians evolved into a major art form. It also examines how the voyages of Christopher Columbus and the ensuing conquest and development of Spanish America affected the European continent. Finally, it looks at the ways that the American treasure enhanced profits, stimulated commerce and industry, and enlarged the opportunity of all who saw money as a way of making money, with a focus on the rise of banks as a means of regulating and limiting abuse of currency.
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"4 The ‘Doit Infestation in Java’: Exchange Rates between Silver and Copper Coins in Netherlands India in the Period 1816–1854." In Money in Asia (1200 – 1900): Small Currencies in Social and Political Contexts, 108–39. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004288355_006.

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Lehner, Joseph W. "Metal Technology, Organization, and the Evolution of Long-Distance Trade at Kültepe." In Current Research at Kultepe-Kanesh, 135–55. Lockwood Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/2014192.ch09.

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This paper addresses the relationship between technology, the organization of production, and the evolution of long-distance exchange using metallurgical data from Middle Bronze age Kültepe. to date, textual lines of evidence dominate our understanding of metal industries during this time period. This evidence demonstrates how individuals and firms participated in an elaborate regional copper-exchange system to generate a profit, while at the same time exporting silver and gold to Mesopotamia in exchange for exotic tin and textiles. textual evidence also suggests that resident social groups at Kültepe cooperated in networks across regions to enhance predictable access to these valuable materials. yet despite this important work, the scientific analysis of archae- ological metal has rarely been incorporated into our understanding of metal production at Kültepe. This new work provides evidence for metallurgical technologies that are not well attested in the texts. together with the textual evidence, systematic analysis of metallurgical debris at the site provides evidence for a high degree of specialization among metal producers and support for a multitiered, highland–lowland complementarity model of production.
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Podany, Amanda H. "Royal Couples, Divine Couples, and Envoys." In Weavers, Scribes, and Kings, 112–40. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190059040.003.0005.

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Abstract The marriage of King Irkab-damu and Queen Tabur-damu of Ebla provides insights into the administration, beliefs, and economy of a Syrian kingdom in the Early Dynastic period. The chapter explores the stages in the royal marriage, including gifts given and received (some from distant lands), sacrifices to the gods and to dead kings, anointing of the bride, processions, and appearance of the couple before the city gods. The honeymoon was largely spent in the “House of the Dead” performing rituals to honor ancient kings and gods. By the end of the honeymoon, Tabur-damu and Irkab-damu were considered the true queen and king. As in southern Mesopotamia at this time, statues of past kings and queens were venerated and provided with gifts. Many gifts in Ebla were of textiles. Even more than in Sumer, textiles drove the local economy; people were even paid in textiles. Ebla had contacts with many kingdoms in Syria and beyond. A diplomatic letter found in the archive refers to an alliance as a relationship of “brotherhood” and shows that the ties were maintained by envoys who carried letters and gifts between courts. A biography of two merchants, Enar-Lim and Ruzi-malik, shows that Ebla even had ties to Egypt, where the men traveled for the king of Ebla, taking silver, tin, lapis lazuli, and oil and receiving linen, elephant ivory, copper, monkeys, and other goods in exchange. Travel was common; even the royal family traveled regularly within the kingdom of Ebla, especially on pilgrimages to shrines.
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Schweitzer, George K., and Lester L. Pesterfield. "The Cu Group." In The Aqueous Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195393354.003.0018.

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The elements of this group, copper Cu, silver Ag, and gold Au, often called the coinage metals, resemble each other in some ways, particularly their tendency to nobility, but it cannot be said that the properties of Ag are intermediate between those of Cu and Au. Even though the d shell is full, the d electrons are active, particularly in Cu and Au. The most stable oxidation states are II for Cu, I for Ag, and III for Au. For Cu, Cu(I) as the simple ion Cu+ disproportionates in HOH, and Cu(III) is so powerfully oxidizing that it is reduced by HOH. Stability may be brought to Cu(I) and Cu(III) only by complexation or insolubility. For Ag, Ag(II) and Ag(III) are reduced by HOH, stability resulting only by forming complex species or insoluble compounds. For Au, the simple Au+ cation disproportionates in HOH, and Au(II) is not known. a. E–pH diagram. Figure 16.1 sets out the E–pH diagram for Cu at a soluble species concentration of 10−1.0 M. It is assumed that there is no complexing agent or any insoluble compound producing agent other than OH− or HOH. Further, almost all species are being considered in their hydrated forms, that is, the forms that they take in the presence of HOH. Oxidation states of 0, I, and II are present. The reddish-orange Cu is a fairly noble metal, and the sole Cu(I) compound is shown as yellow Cu2O since CuOH is unstable. The Cu+ ion does not appear, even though it has been entered in the construction of the diagram. This reflects its strong tendency to disproportionate into Cu(II) and Cu, as predicted by ΔG˚ values. The compound which results when OH− is added to a blue Cu+2 solution is blue Cu(OH)2, not black CuO. Cu+2 is more properly written as Cu(HOH)6+2, and just off to the left of the Cu+2/Cu(OH)2 line, hydrolyzed species like Cu2(OH)2+2 occur. The legend of the figure shows equations for the lines separating the species.
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Conference papers on the topic "Copper and silver cation exchange"

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Aeshala, L. M., S. U. Rahman, and A. Verma. "Development of a Reactor for Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 Using Solid Electrolyte." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54755.

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This paper reports the development of an electrochemical reactor for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide using anionic and cationic solid electrolyte. Cast nafion membrane was used as cation exchange membrane and alkali doped polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked with glutaraldehyde was used as anion exchange membrane. The anion exchange membranes (solid electrolytes) were characterized using TGA, XRD, FTIR, anionic conductivity, and mechanical strength. The anode electrode was prepared using Pt/C spraying over porous carbon paper. The cathode electrode was prepared using copper electroplating technique over porous carbon paper. The prepared electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscope. The reactor was assembled with the electrolyte, electrodes, machined graphite plates, and end plates with the required accessories. The preliminary study of the reactor was evaluated for carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction under anionic and cationic electrolytes. The products of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 were analyzed using GC and HPLC.
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Dies, J., F. Tarrasa, L. Miralles, C. De las Cuevas, and J. J. Pueyo. "Heating-Irradiation Experiments to Assess the System Bentonite-Carbon Steel in a Radioactive Waste Underground Storage Facility." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1238.

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Abstract One of the principal components of the engineered barrier system of a deep radioactive waste disposal in granite is the buffer, made of compacted bentonite blocks. Since the beginning of the operation of the repository the buffer will be subjected to a gamma radiation and temperature fields. Also, in some tens of years bentonite will be fully saturated. Cylindrical samples of saturated and compacted bentonite (200 mm in length and 50 mm in diameter) with embedded carbon steel discs, have been exposed to heat and radiation to assess their potential alteration under repository conditions. Two kinds of experiments were carried out. The first one was a heating experiment, called BIC-2A, in which the samples, bentonite and carbon steel discs, were subjected to a thermal gradient, ranging from 130°C to 90°C, during 120 days. The second one, named BIC-2B, was an irradiation and heating experiment, with the same time and temperature conditions than the BIC-2A, using a maximum dose rate of 3.5 kGy/h and a total absorbed dose of 10.5 MGy. The irradiation system consists of a set of six canisters, which hold the samples, placed between two cooper plates. These plates were subjected to a constant thermal gradient produced by a heating system driven by a PID controller, and consequently, the canisters were subjected to the same thermal gradient. Thermoresistances were used to control and monitor the temperature, whose evolution was stored on a computer. The canisters and the copper plates were placed inside a container that holds the system. High dose rates were achieved by placing the system inside the irradiation cell of an industrial irradiation facility, used to sterilise medical and pharmaceutical products with gamma rays produced by a 60Co source with a total activity of 300 000 Ci. Active and passive detectors were used to monitor dose and dose rate. An ionisation chamber was placed inside the container to obtain a continuous measure of the dose rate. The ionisation chamber was polarised and its signal measured by a picoammeter and the results stored on a computer. Moreover, several types of dosimeters were employed to measure the absorbed dose for several periods of time. Perspex, alanine and quartz dosemeters were used to measure low, intermediate and high doses. Either for the heating or for the heating-irradiation experiments, two cylinders were replaced by two new ones after two months of experimental running. Consequently, eight canisters were obtained at the end of each experiment, four canisters run during four months, and four additional canisters for two months. After basic manipulations, including a granulometrical separation, the bentonite samples were subjected to several mineralogical, chemical and physical analyses; namely, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Eh/pH measurements, and determinations of water content, cation exchange capacity, thermoluminescence response, electron spin resonance and oedometric tests. These analyses were carried out on a reference bentonite sample, which had not been heated nor irradiated, on the heated samples, and on the irradiated and heated samples, in order to discriminate which alterations are really due to what cause. The carbon steel discs, heated as well as irradiated and heated, were subjected to several metalographical analyses in order to assess the relevance of the corrosion processes that worked under these conditions.
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