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Academic literature on the topic 'Copolymères/oligomères'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Copolymères/oligomères"
Lateulade, Audrey. "Synthèse et caractérisation de copolymères greffés avec des oligomères conjugués de type arylène vinylène." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3023.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis and characterisation of electroluminescent comb-like copolymers based on grafted styrene/p-bromostyrene and N-vinylcarbazole/p-bromostyrene with oligo(arylene vinylene) derivatives. We first studied the radical copolymerisation kinetics of these comonomers. The reaction was controlled in the case of styrene/p-bromostyrene, while the reactivity ratios found for N-vinylcarbazole/p-bromostyrene (rNVC=13. 49 ; rBst=0. 54) did not allow the control of the copolymerisation without a full study. So, properties of model compounds synthesised (thermal stability, solubility, fluorescence) guide the choice of the conjugated sequence structure used for grafting. Finaly, their grafting onto the copolymer based on polystyrene led to an electroluminescent diode with a luminance of 600 Cd/mø (10V), while no luminance was observed with non-grafted conjugated sequences
Boyer, Cyrille. "Synthèses de nouveaux copolymères greffés et leurs applications." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20040.
Full textThis thesis presents the graft copolymer synthesis. We used two different approaches: the copolymerization of macromonomers and functional oligomer grafting on a polymer carrying reactive functions. The synthesis of these two copolymers passes by the chemical oligomer modification, which is one of the topics of the laboratory. The use of oligomer makes it possible to reach a considerable variety of structures. Thus, the functional oligomers were obtained by telomerisation with the 2-mercaptoethanol or the 2-aminoethanethiol or by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). These oligomers can be modified by reaction on organic molecules carrying functions vinyl or acrylic to form macromonomers or on a polymer carrying reactive functions to give copolymers of comb or diblocs
Hillairet, Caroline. "Catalyse combinatoire pour la polymérisation d'oléfines." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10063.
Full textLefloch, Fabien. "Contribution à la synthèse et à l'étude de nouveaux polyfluorènes obtenus par oxydation anodique d'oligofluorènes, de dimère et trimère (edot-fluorenylidene) et de fluorènes contenant des entités métalliques." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10096.
Full textHamada, Adel. "Synthèse et coordination de nouveaux ligands hétérofonctionnels phosphine-phosphonate P, O : Application en catalyse d'oligomérisation de l'éthylène." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13161.
Full textOne of the interests of the synthesis of new complex coordination is their use in improving the development of new tools in chemical synthesis or catalytic reactions. We can mention some important applications: olefins hydrogenation (with RhCl(PPh3)3[1], Wilkinson’s catalyst), chain reactions (eg olefin polymerization or copolymerization olefin / CO by organometallic complexes of Zr, Fe, Ni, Co, Pd). A way to monitor and controled the reactivity of organometllic species is to change and modificate the nature or the structure of the ligands around the metal M (metal). The ligands contain electron-donor atoms, the most common being C, N, O, P. [2-7]Each of these atoms presents stereoelectronics specific properties and that is why it must choose wisely among ligands. The importance of functionalized phosphines in coordination chemistry and catalysis, is based on their stereoelectronic properties, which can 'control' the sphere of coordination of the metal, and on the lability of at least one of the ligand-metal. The lability can result in a dynamics behaviour in solution. This allows a coordination site to be accessible for the coordination of an external molecule, which can thus be involved in a catalytic process. This is the basic concept of hemilability for functional. [8] For example, this type of approach is the basis of carbonylation reactions in catalytical industry. Some of these complexes containing phosphine-ketone ligands type or esters, are precursors of choice for the preparation of corresponding phosphinoenolates which play a key role in many important reactions,[9] including the process Industrial SHOP (Shell Higher Olefin Process). The development of new functional ligands, chiral ligands for asymmetric synthesis, etc. . . Is increasing all over the world. [. . . ]
Ding, Mengli. "Synthesis and drug delivery applications of iron(III) trimesate nanoMOFs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF095.
Full textNanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) have shown significant promise as drug delivery systems (DDS) due to their advantageous properties, including tunable compositions, uniform porosity, large surface areas, biocompatibility, and degradability. Among these, MIL-100(Fe) (MIL stands for Materials of the Lavoisier Institute) nanoMOFs, constructed from trimesate organic linkers and iron trimers, have been extensively studied. We reviewed here in detail their well-documented in vivo toxicity and biocompatibility data, making them highly attractive candidates for drug delivery applications. We highlighted several challenges which remain in the biomedical application and large-scale production of MIL-100(Fe) nanoMOFs. First, improving the storage stability of MIL-100(Fe) is essential for further use. Additionally, the synthesis methods for MIL-100(Fe) nanoMOFs need optimization to meet the demands of green (organic solvent free) large-scale production. To address these issues, we propose the surface modification of MIL-100(Fe) nanoMOFs with biocompatible copolymers or oligomers to enhance their stability and biocompatibility. Furthermore, we have investigated novel synthesis strategies for MIL-100(Fe) nanoMOFs to enable simple, green, environmentally friendly, and low-energy production. We designed and synthesized a family of comb-like copolymers, comprising grafted: i) “x” (0-6) alendronate (Ale) anchoring units; ii) “y” (up to 45) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains with molecular weight of zK (z=0.5, 2, 5), and iii) fluorescent Alexa Fluor (F) moieties. The resulting FAlexPEGzKy copolymers spontaneoulsy adsorbed onto the nanoMOF's surface in aqueous media, reaching ~100% efficiency. We highlighted the cooperative effects of each component of the FAlexPEGzKy copolymers in the association process. The coating occurred in the top layers without affecting the nanoMOF's crystallinity. The composition of the FAlexPEGzKy copolymers was optimized to ensure a good stability in biological media, despite the non covalent nature of the coating. In addition, the copolymer-coated MIL-100(Fe) nanoMOFs not only exhibited excellent storage stability but also demonstrated a “stealth effect” in macrophage J774 cells, as shown by confocal studies and iron quantification in the cells. In these studies, MIL-100(Fe) nanoMOFs were prepared by a conventional microwave hydrothermal procedure at high temperature (130 °C). To optimize the process, we investigated the possibilities to obtain MIL-100(Fe) nanoMOFs at room temperature. We used modulators in an attempt to control the size of the nanoMOFs. By varying the molar ratio (R) of acetic acid (modulator) to trimesic acid (organic linker), we obtained MIL-100(Fe) nanoMOFs with hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 40 to 200 nm. However, the resulting MIL-100(Fe) nanoMOFs needed also to be coated to avoid their aggregation. The coatings based on crosslinked cyclodextrins did not compromise the drug-loading capacity of the nanoMOFs. In a nutshell, this work presents novel strategies to construct nanoMOFs in a lego-type manner, using materials prepared mostly using “green” chemistry
Gautier, Estelle. "Polymérisation et oligomérisation d'oléfines catalysées par des complexes organométalliques de métaux du groupe IV." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376_2005_388.pdf.
Full textAlthough several millions tons of PE and PP are produced every year, polymerisation of higher olefins such as hex-1-ene or dec-1-ene is not as useful for the industry : one application is the synthesis of lubricants. We have studied different catalysts activated by MAO for the polymerisation of dec-1ene : two zirconocenes, a constrain geometry complex and a diamido complex (Ti and Zr). Catalytic results lead us to study the transfer reaction to aluminium which can occur with the addedtriethylaluminium; this provides the opportunity to further functionalize the polymeric chain for the synthesis of telechelic polymers. The diamido titanium complex has been used for other catalytic reactions such as copolymerisation of hexene with MMA. Attempts at transfer reactions using hydrosilanes have led to a dehydrogenation of the silane rather than the expected functionnalization
Hergué, Noémie. "Nouveaux polymères conjugués dérivés de 4-cyano-3alcoxythiophènes et de dialcoxythiénothiophènes." Angers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ANGE0049.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis of new polymers using alkoxythiophene derivatives. After a rapid review on the linear conjugated systems properties, a first part is devoted to the presentation of several polyalkoxythiophenes reported in literature. The electronic and structuring effects of the alkoxy groups on the properties og conjugated systems are demonstrated. The second part describes the synthesis of new donner/acceptor systems and the preparation of the resulting polymers. The introduction of electron releasing (alkoxy) and the electron withdrawing (nitrile) groups on the same thiophene ring is used to increase the electronic density homogeneity and to prepare low bandgap polymers. The last part is devoted to the synthesis of 3,6-dialkoxythiéno[3,2-b]thiophene and de 3,4-dialkoxythiéno[3,2-b]thiophene, wich associate the intrinsically rigid structure of thienothiophenes and the autorigidification due to the presence of alkoxy groups. The two structure leads to systems presenting very different properties, thus allowing the modulation of the electronic properties of the various conjugatede systems
Wayzani, Abdel Aziz. "[Ρt]-οligοmers as nοvel dοnοrs fοr bulk heterοjunctiοn sοlar cell applicatiοn." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC240.
Full textThis manuscript focuses on developing [Pt]-oligomers as novel donors for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, aiming to enhance their performance through structural modifications. The work is divided into three main parts. The first part addresses the reduction of the band gap in [Pt]-oligomers by modifying the ligand structure to improve conjugation length, planarity, quinone stabilization, and the "push-pull" effect, specifically through the inclusion of 3,4ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). This approach led to new donor materials that achieved an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.81% with non-fullerene acceptors in binary bulk heterojunction solar cells and 15.97% in ternary bulk heterojunction cells. The second part focuses on enhancing the molecular organization of [Pt]-oligomers by integrating a triphenylene discotic mesogenic group into the conjugated backbone via a spacer. It was found that replacing a rigid triazole spacer with a more flexible linear aliphatic spacer improved the properties of the [Pt]-oligomers, resulting in an increase in the average PCE from 13.36% to 15.93%. The third part explores further improvements by synthesizing [Pt]oligomers with extended conjugated lengths and a discotic organizing group connected through an aliphatic spacer. Ligands that incorporate both EDOT and the triphenylene group, connected by an aliphatic spacer, demonstrated promising properties, suggesting the need for further synthesis to fully test and validate these improvements on [Pt]-oligomers
Mievis, Isabelle. "Synthèse, caractérisation et photoréactivité d'oligomères hyperbranchés." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210845.
Full textLe but du travail de thèse est d'obtenir de nouveaux revêtements de surface, à partir de polymères hyperbranchés ou de polymères fortement branchés, qui trouveront leur application dans l'industrie chimique.
La thèse s'articule autour de trois chapitres de synthèse suivis d'un chapitre traitant de la photoréactivité des oligomères linéaires, fortement branchés, et hyperbranchés.
La première approche de synthèse envisagée est la copolymérisation alternante radicalaire. Divers maléimides ont été engagés dans des copolymérisations radicalaires avec des allyléthers sans succès.
Lorsque ces derniers sont remplacés par des vinyls éthers, une copolymérisation alternante est observée. Néanmoins, une importante irreproductibilité est constatée, certains batchs donnant lieu à une gélification.
La seconde voie de synthèse étudiée est l'approche classique de polycondensation de monomères de type AB2 .Le monomère AB2 est obtenu par addition de Michael de la diéthanolamine sur l'acrylate de méthyle. La polycondensation est concomitante avec l'acrylation des fonctions alcools. La compétition entre ces deux réactions limite les masses molaires accessibles bien que les réactions de transestérification soient catalysées par des dérivés du Zr et que la stoechiométrie ait été variée.
La troisième voie de synthèse se base aussi sur la réaction de Michael. Des oligomères fortement branchés sont obtenus à partir de 1,6-hexanedioldiacrylate et d'éthylènediamine. Leurs analogues linéaires sont synthétisés en remplaçant l'éthylènediamine par la propylamine. Lors de ces synthèses, il est apparu que les oligomères fortement branchés ont une viscosité supérieure à celle des oligomères linéaires!
Les oligomères hyperbranchés et acrylés, les oligomères linéaires et leurs analogues fortement branchés ont été étudiés du point de vue de leur photoréticulation sous rayonnement UV. Contrairement à ce qui était attendu, ils se sont montrés moins réactifs que les produits les plus performants de Cytec-Surface Specialties. Lors de cette étude, l'effet bénéfique des mines tertiaires sur l'inhibition par l'oxygène est apparu plus complexe que décrit dans la littérature.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished