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1
Richards, Mark Ian. "Refined methods in solid (gel) phase peptide synthesis." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343258.
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Araujo, Renata Bastos de. "Preparação e avaliação de resinas biocidas impregnadas com iodo a partir de resinas comerciais de estireno e divinilbenzeno." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5197.
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Neste trabalho, foram empregadas duas resinas comerciais de caráter fortemente básico. Ambas tendo como base copolímeros de estireno e divinilbenzeno (DVB), sendo que a VPOC 1950 contém em sua composição grupos quaternários de amônio do tipo 1, que apresentam três grupos metila e a VPOC 1960 grupos quaternários de amônio do tipo 2, que apresentam um grupo etanoíla e dois grupos metila. As resinas comerciais citadas foram escolhidas por apresentarem grande capacidade de troca iônica, estabilidade e grupos funcionais de interesse para a impregnação com iodo. As resinas foram impregnadas com iodo por meio de três metodologias distintas, uma solução metanólica de iodo 0,08 mol/L com e sem iodeto de potássio 0,14 mol/L, e iodo 0,08 mol/L em heptano. As resinas foram caracterizadas por área específica, volume do poro, grau de inchamento, microscopia ótica, espectrometria de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análise elementar, termogravimetria, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e determinação do iodo fixado por iodometria. A avaliação da atividade biocida foi realizada através do método da contagem em placas, utilizando-se uma cepa de Escherichia coli ATCC11775 em concentrações de 103 a 107 células/mL. Todas as resinas impregnadas mostraram atividade bactericida significante devido à presença de iodo correlacionada às características da resina, tais como: grupos funcionais, tamanho e formato dos poros. Para efeito de comparação, foram realizados ensaios bactericidas com as resinas de partida para comprovação ou não da ação bactericida ser atribuída somente ao iodoIn this study, we employed two commercial resins strongly basic character. Both based on copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB), and the VPOC 1950 contains in its composition quaternary ammonium groups of the type 1 (has three methyl groups) and VPOC 1960 quaternary ammonium groups of the type 2 (where a group ethanol replaces one of the methyl groups). The aforementioned commercial resins were chosen because they have a high ion exchange capacity, stability and functional groups of interest for impregnation with iodine. The resins were impregnated with iodine by three different methodologies, a methanol solution of 0.08 mol/L iodine with and without 0.14 mol/L potassium iodide and 0.08 mol/L iodine in heptane. The resins were characterized by surface area, pore volume, degree of swelling, optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy by Fourier transform (FTIR), elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and determination of iodine prescribed by iodometry. The biocidal activity evaluation was performed by the method of plate counting, using a strain of Escherichia coli ATCC11775 at concentrations 103-107 cells/ml. All resins impregnated showed significant bactericidal activity due to the presence of iodine correlated characteristics of the resin, such as functional groups, size and shape of the pores. For comparison, tests were performed with bactericidal resins departure for confirmation or not of bactericidal only be attributed to iodine
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Abreu, Iury Körting de. "Estudos dos efeitos da adição de copolímeros em blocos em nanocompósitos de matriz epoxídica reforçados com nanoplateletes de grafeno e nanotubos de carbono." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1677.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-19Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O estado de dispersão das nanopartículas na matriz está diretamente ligado às propriedades físicas dos nanocompósitos. Assim técnicas que visam um estado de dispersão mais homogêneo das nanopartículas na matriz são constantemente estudadas. Funcionalização não covalente, ou física, é uma técnica que utiliza-se de interações Coulombianas e/ou barreira estérica com o objetivo de estabilizar a interação entre nanopartícula/matriz e consequentemente obter um estado de dispersão homogêneo. Utilizando copolímero em bloco BYK- 9077® como agente funcionalizante não covalentemente, este trabalho teve como objetivo produzir nanocompósitos de matriz epoxídica Novolac® reforçados com nanoplateletes de grafeno ou nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados não covalentemente. Foram analisadas a influência da adição do copolímero em bloco nas propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e morfológicas dos nanocompósitos produzidos. Utilizou-se frações volumétricas de nanopartículas nos valores de 0,15%, 0,50% e 1,50%. A partir destes valores foi adicionado copolímero em bloco nas quantidades de 1, 5 e 10 vezes a quantidade em massa das nanopartículas. Foram realizadas espectroscopia Raman para caracterização das nanopartículas, verificando o grau de pureza das mesmas, assim como o número de plateletes empilhados. Analisando os resultados, estado de dispersão das nanopartículas na matriz sem a adição de copolímero em bloco não foi homogêneo, assim foram encontrados aglomerados de nanopartículas em Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão. Também os valores de Tg s não variaram significativamente em comparação com a resina pura, indicando dispersão não homogênea. Já ao adicionar copolímero em bloco, em quantidades baixas, 1x, foi possível observar aumentos de 8% no módulo de elasticidade, indicativo de que a adição de copolímero em bloco nesta quantidade tornou a dispersão das nanopartículas mais homogênea na matriz. Esta afirmação foi verificada em Microscopia Eletrônica de transmissão. Em contrapartida, conforme foi aumentado a quantidade de copolímero em bloco, 5 e 10x, foram observadas formação de uma segunda fase, que por consequência diminuiu o módulo de elasticidade, tensão de ruptura e Tg.
4
Arnold, Cynthia A. "Structure-property behavior of polyimide homopolymers, copolymers, and blends." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09162005-115012/.
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Hudda, Laila B. "Origin of limiting conversion phenomenon in alkyd/acrylate graft copolymerization systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10960.
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Stein, Jasmin. "Toughening of highly crosslinked epoxy resin systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/toughening-of-highly-crosslinked-epoxy-resin-systems(de1605b9-d14d-43f1-83a1-dc13a7530179).html.
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Highly crosslinked epoxy resin systems are essential in aerospace applications due to the high operating temperatures. Although highly crosslinked epoxy resins have the required glass transition temperature (Tg) for the application, they are inherently brittle and matrix toughness is improved by incorporation of a second phase. Previous studies have focused mostly on toughening of lightly crosslinked epoxy systems, whereas this study investigates toughening of a highly crosslinked epoxy resin system using thermoplastic toughners poly(ether sulfone) (PES) and a poly(methyl methacrylate)-b- poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (MAM) block copolymer (BCP).
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Royston, Gareth John. "Modification of epoxy resins with block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(butylene oxide)." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15156/.
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Block copolymer modified epoxy resins have generated significant interest since it was demonstrated that the combination could lead to nanostructured thermosets through self-assembly. In this work, samples of epoxy resin - formed by reaction of bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and diethyltoulenediamine (DETDA) - and containing a range of copolymers composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (E) and poly(butylene oxide) (B), were prepared and characterized. Samples contained EB, EBE and BEB copolymers over a range of concentrations. Copolymers of low molecular weight and low B content were found not to microphase separate. BEB copolymers with high molecular weight and high B content were found to macrophase separate prior to, or during, cure. FTIR spectroscopy during cure demonstrated that the reaction kinetics in these systems differ from those previously reported for similar systems. Over moderate to high copolymer concentration the systems behaved as expected of a block copolymer in a solvent selective for one block. As concentration increased, transitions from BCC-Hex-Gyr-Lam phases were observed by SAXS. At lower concentrations, in some systems, spherical micellar structures were formed, as demonstrated by TEM. SAXS analysis was performed on those systems producing sufficiently clear patterns. Some degree of reaction-induced microphase separation (RI/lPS) was observed in all cases. A linear increase in scattering intensity with extent of reaction was observed during RI/lPS. In some cases non-equilibrium structures were apparently observed, due to vitrification prior to completion of the RI/lPS process. The increase in the number of micelles as a function of concentration was analyzed and found to deviate from linearity as the system goes from a solution of copolymer in epoxy to swollen copolymer gel. The association number of the micelles was found to vary as a function of copolymer composition following a similar scaling law to that observed, by others, in aqueous solution. Reaction-induced macrophase separation was observed in some BEB systems at elevated temperature, but not in similar EBE systems. The process was characterised by SALS and found to fit to the Cahn-Hilliard linear theory of spinodal decomposition. The systems were seen to vitrify before phase separation is complete, producing cured products that were phase separated into interpenetrating networks on the micron scale. No significant improvement of mechanical properties of the resin was observed in those samples tested.
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Miles, Andrew. "Copolymers of methacrylic acid and itaconic acid derivatives as thermally crosslinkable electron resists." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236050.
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Lascu, Claudia M. "Block Copolymers via Reverse Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization as a Viable Resin for Packaging Coatings." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428070054.
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Cheng, Jing. "Toward sub-10 nm lithographic processes: epoxy-based negative tone molecular resists and directed self-assembly (DSA) of high χ block copolymers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49113.
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It’s becoming more and more difficult to make smaller, denser, and faster computer chips. There’s an increasing demand to design new materials to be applied in current lithographic process to get higher patterning performance. In this work, the aqueous developable single molecule resists were introduced, synthesized and patterned. A new group of epoxide other than glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide was introduced to functionalize a molecular core and 15 nm resolution was obtained. The directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers as an alternative lithographic technique has received growing interest in the last several years for performing higher levels of pitch subdivision. A 3-step simplified process for DSA by using a photodefinable substrate was introduced by using a functionalized polyphenol with an energy switchable group and a crosslinkable group. Two high χ block copolymers PS-b-PAA and PS-b-PHEMA were successfully designed and synthesized via ATRP with controlled Mw and PDI. The size of the same PS-b-PAA polymer was tunable by varying the thermal annealing time. PS-b-PHEMA shows to be a suitable block polymer for the industry-friendly thermal annealing process. A self-complementary hydrogen-bonding urea group as a center group was used to facilitate the self-assembly of polymers. “Click” chemistry is promising for synthesis of PS-Urea-Urea-PMMA.
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OLIVEIRA, Leonardo François de. "SÍNTESE DE POLI (ÁCIDO LÁTICO-CO-ÁCIDO GLICÓLICO) ATRAVÉS DE POLICONDENSAÇÃO CATALISADA POR RESINA DE TROCA IÔNICA CONTENDO ÓXIDO DE ESTANHO COMO CO-CATALISADOR." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1053.
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Previous issue date: 2008-11-27In this study PLGA copolymers were synthesized with molecular weight above 10 kDa through direct polycondensation of L-lactic acid and glycolic acid monomers. Catalysts based on sulfonated styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer (SC) containing or not Sn2+ íons adsorbed as SnCl2.H2O colloidal particles from neutral solution or [SnCl3]- complex anions from acid solution were prepared. All catalysts were evaluated by specific surface area and pore volume measurements, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and ion exchange capacity. The obtained PLGA copolymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and inherent viscosity measurements. Independent of pH solution of the adsorptions, it was observed that Sn2+ ions were oxidized to Sn4+ forming SnO2. This oxidation probably occurred during catalysts drying process in the presence of oxygen. The PLGA copolymers with highest inherent viscosities, i.e., highest molecular weights were obtained with SC catalyst containing SnO2 prepared by adsorption of SnCl2.H2O colloidal particles in neutral solution. It was estimated that the highest PLGA molecular weights were equal or larger than 35 kDa. The produced PLGA presented white or lightly yellow color and Sn contamination less than 1 ppm which is below the limit allowed by the Brazilian legislation
No presente trabalho foram sintetizados copolímeros PLGA com massa molar acima de 10 kDa por policondensação direta dos monômeros ácido L-láctico e ácido glicólico. Foram preparados catalisadores à base de copolímero estireno-divinilbenzeno sulfonado (CS) contendo ou não íons Sn2+ adsorvidos na forma de partículas coloidais de SnCl2.H2O em meio neutro ou na forma do ânion complexo [SnCl3]- em meio ácido. Todos os catalisadores foram avaliados por medidas de área superficial específica e volume de poros, espectroscopia de infravermelho, difração de raios X, espectrofotometria de absorção atômica e capacidade de troca iônica. Os copolímeros PLGA obtidos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de infravermelho, difração de raios X e medidas de viscosidade inerente. Foi verificado que independente do pH do meio de adsorção, os íons Sn2+ foram oxidados a Sn4+ formando o óxido SnO2. Essa oxidação ocorreu, provavelmente, durante o processo de secagem dos catalisadores na presença de oxigênio. Os copolímeros PLGA com maiores viscosidades inerentes, ou seja, maiores massas moleculares foram obtidos pelo uso de catalisador CS contendo SnO2 preparado pela adsorção de partículas coloidais de SnCl2.H2O em meio neutro. Foi estimado que as maiores massas moleculares de PLGA foram iguais ou maiores que 35 kDa. Os copolímeros PLGA produzidos apresentaram coloração branca ou levemente amarelada e contaminação por Sn inferior a 1 ppm bem abaixo do limite permitido pela Legislação Brasileira
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Cho, Hosouk. "Chemical incorporation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane into thermoset matrices." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/ETD-browse/browse.
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Penfold, Ben. "The optimisation of the structure and the synthesis of negative working electron beam resists based on copolymers of 2,4-dimethylstyrene and vinylbenzylchloride." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324663.
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Alabi, Taiwo Raphael. "Design of photomodifiable material systems for maskless patterning of functional ceramic and metallic materials at multiple length scales." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51709.
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Silicon and silicon-based materials have been investigated for the fabrication of electronic, optoelectronic, solar, and structural/mechanical devices. To enable the continuous use of silicon-based materials for next generation device applications, new and inexpensive ways of fabricating features of silicon, and silica-based materials are needed. This dissertation investigates: 1) novel techniques for the fabrication of silica and silicon nanofeatures with potential application in the electronics and optoelectronics industry; 2) new designs of photomodifiable material systems (resists) for maskless patterning of silica filled composites for structural/mechanical applications. Sub-micron and nano-scaled features were fabricated onto silicon and silicon oxide substrates using a technique combining block copolymers and laser interference ablation. The sacrificial block copolymers are loaded with metallic salt precursors and patterned with a UV laser to generate device-oriented nanofeatures. New photopolymerizable material systems (negative tone resists) were developed based on curcumin photosensitizer and an epoxy-acrylate, vinylether, and vinylether-acrylate silica¬-loaded material systems. The cationic and radical mechanisms employed by the monomeric systems under a high vapor pressure mercury lamp source were investigated with several materials characterization techniques.
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Lamy, Yoann. "Nanostructuration de résines polyester insaturé par des copolymères à blocs : application aux composites SMC et BMC." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812588.
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On s'intéresse dans cette étude au potentiel de copolymères à blocs (BCP) de types PBA-b-P(MMA-co-DMA) et PBA-b-P(BA-co-DMA) en tant qu'additifs multifonctionnels nanostructurant la matrice thermodurcissable polyester insaturé de composites SMC et BMC. La nanostructuration de la résine polyester insaturé (UPR) est assurée par la ségrégation du bloc élastomère poly(acrylate de butyle), ainsi que par la miscibilité du deuxième bloc dans le réseau grâce à la bonne compatibilité des motifs diméthylacrylamide (auto-assemblage). Ces BCP sont tout d'abord étudiés en tant qu'agents renforçants et anti-retrait dans les composites SMC et BMC, en étant substitués et comparés aux additifs anti-retrait conventionnels PVAc et P(MMA-co-S) incorporés traditionnellement afin de compenser le retrait de la résine polyester. Ces additifs nanostructurants sont ensuite évalués en tant qu'agents de mûrissement des compounds SMC. La nanostructuration des BCP dans la résine UP réactive pouvant entrainer une importante augmentation de la viscosité (formation d'un gel), ces additifs pourraient peut-être constituer des agents de mûrissement plus efficaces que l'oxyde de magnésium couramment utilisé à cet effet. Une étude des matrices [UPR + BCP, UPR + PVAc et UPR + P(MMA-co-S)] est réalisée dans un premier temps, les composites BMC et SMC chargés par du carbonate de calcium et renforcés par des fibres de verre étant étudiés par la suite. En absence de charges et de fibres de verre (matrice seule), la nanostructuration est moins efficace que la macroséparation de phase des additifs conventionnels PVAc et P(MMA-co-S) pour compenser le retrait du réseau polyester. Dans un composite en revanche, la nanostructuration conduit à une compensation du retrait intermédiaire entre celles du P(MMA-co-S) et du PVAc. Au niveau de la matrice seule, la nanostructuration permet d'éviter une diminution conséquente de l'énergie de rupture du réseau polyester et permet même dans certains cas une amélioration significative de cette dernière, alors que les additifs conventionnels engendrent un effondrement de cette propriété. Cette différence est cependant beaucoup moins visible dans le cas des composites, les charges entrainant une fissuration prématurée de la matrice. Un composite nanostructuré peut tout de même présenter un renforcement significatif par rapport aux composites conventionnels lorsqu'il contient des nanovides compensateurs de retrait de tailles conséquentes qui améliorent la ténacité du matériau. En ce qui concerne le mûrissement d'un compound SMC par nanostructuration au cours du refroidissement (passage de la transition ordre-désordre), si l'augmentation de la viscosité d'un système réactif UPR + BCP semble suffisamment importante et abrupte, elle est cependant insuffisante en présence des charges ou alors intervient à une température trop faible en raison de l'influence de ces dernières sur la nanostructuration.
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Chen, Ying-Chuan, and 陳盈全. "Synthesis and Properties of Urea- Bark Extracts- Formaldehyde Copolymer Resins." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97129850790385529100.
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ARUNA. "FUNCTIONALIZED PAN BASED COPOLYMER RESINS FOR ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METAL IONS." Thesis, 2014. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15461.
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In this report functionalized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based copolymer resins were synthesized which can act as adsorbent for the adsorption of heavy metal/metal ions like Fe2+ and Hg2+ etc. Firstly, PAN and its copolymers were synthesized using styrene, acrylamide and methacrylic acid comonomers. PAN and its copolymers like poly(acrylonitrile-styrene) [PANS], poly(acrylonitrile-acrylamide) [PANAm], and poly(acrylonitrile-methacrylic acid) [PANMA] were functionalized using different concentration of triethylenetetramine (TETA) to obtain two series of polymer resins such as F1-PAN, F1-PANS, F1-PANAm, F1-PANMA, F2-PAN, F2-PANS, F2-PANAm and F2-PANMA, where F1 and F2 represents 1:10 and 1:15 resin to TETA ratio, respectively. These resins have been characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Thermal characterization of resins was performed by Differential Scanning Colorimeter (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The surface morphology was studied by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and viscosity average molecular weight was also determined by viscometric method. The appearance of C=O, C=NH and C=N groups on functionalization of resins was confirmed by FTIR data. EDS study show that F2-PANS and F2-PANMA possess highest adsorption capacity for Hg2+ and Fe2+ metal ions. The TGA technique was used to study the effect of copolymerization and functionalization on copolymers and it was found that there is no adverse effect of copolymerization and functionalization on the thermal stability of the resins. The SEM results also support the EDS results and show the presence of a large number of pores in F2-PANS and F2-PANMA which was probably responsible for their higher adsorption capacity. DMA studies reveal that Glass transition temperature (Tg) of F2-PANMA is highest, i.e., 106.8 °C. The DSC results also support the DMA data. The calculated viscosity average molecular weight for PAN and its copolymers poly(acrylonitrile-styrene), poly(acrylonitrile-acrylamide) and poly(acrylonitrile-methacrylic acid) is found to be 130606, 150304, 157022 and 167233, respectively.
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Hsu, Ching-Yi, and 許靜儀. "Study on the Copolymer Resins Made of Agricultural and Forest Residue Extracts." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09464178863211594701.
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碩士國立中興大學
森林學系
87
Acacia confusa barks and foliage, sugarcane bagasse and rice hull were extracted with NaOH and/or H2SO4 to obtain degraded products for using as partial replacement of the phenol to synthesize extracts-phenol-formaldehyde copolymers as durable water-resistance wood adhesives. The analysis of the chemical compositions of the raw materials as specified in the Tappi standards indicated that rice hull contains 15.44 % and sugarcane bagasse 4.03 % of ash. The holocellulose content of rice hull is 69.74 %, sugarcane bagasse 66.27 %, the barks of Taiwan acacia 42.24 % and the foliages of Taiwan acacia 47.15 %. The most characteristic feature of acacia barks is its high content of lignin ( 43.12 % ) and ash ( 4.83 % ). Furthermore, acacia foliages has higher contents of holocellulose (47.15 %)；alcohol-benzene extractive (15.42 % )； hot water extractive ( 22.03 % )；and 1 % NaOH extractive ( 59.43 % ) compared with 6.95 %；20.73 %；and 49.77 % of its barks. Rice hull and sugarcane bagasse contain alcohol-benzene extractives 2.25 % and 2.38 %；hot water extractives 5.01 % and 2.23 %；and 1 % NaOH extractives 40.15 % and 47.65 %, respectively, which were apparently less than barks and foliages of Taiwan acacia. Extracts were reacted with formaldehyde at 60 ℃ and 80 ℃ for 3 hours, and then the free formaldehyde in the reaction mixture was determined by using the hydroxylamine hydrochloride method to account for the quantity of formaldehyde consumed and their reaction rate. From the above, it becomes apparent that the optimum treating conditions for reaction with formaldehyde were treatment of 15 % NaOH at 95 ℃ for 6 hours for acacia barks, rice hull and sugarcane bagasse and 15 % NaOH at 135 ℃ for 3.5 hours for acacia foliage. All 3-ply 6mm thick plywoods were hot pressed at 150 ℃ under 12 kg/cm2 pressure for 3 minutes. The spread rate was 206.98 g/m2 single glueline. The water-resistance and durability of each plywood specimen were evaluated in accordance with the APA industrial standard PSI-95, vacuum/pressure method. It has been noticed that the optimum extraction method to obtain extracts for the preparation of extract-phenol-formaldehyde copolymer from various agricultural residues is not quite the same. By alkaline extraction, except the plywood made from the extracts of sugarcane bagasse and rice hull with 30 minutes assembly-time, the others with 30 and 60 minutes assembly-time can meet the requirements of APA PSI-95 industrial standard with more than 85 % of wood failures. By 2 % acid extraction, except the plywoods bonding with copolymer containing extract of sugarcane bagasse with 60 minutes assembly time, the others could meet the requirements of APA PSI-95 industrial standard, nevertheless the glueline quality of the 30 minutes assembly time was fair. Using pre-acidic treatment and then followed by alkaline extraction, it was found that plywoods containing acacia bark extract with 60 minutes assembly time and rice hull extract with 30 or 60 minutes assembly time could meet the requirements of APA industrial standard, others could not.
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Lin, Yi-lun, and 林義倫. "A study on synthesis and characterization of the Poly(styrene maleic anhydride) copolymer and the curing behavior of epoxy resins." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35479122171347614207.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
材料科學與工程系
100
In this study, we aim to analyze the curing behavior between SMA/MA and DGEBA. The four different ratios of SMA/MA hybrid hardener were well-blended using planetary mixer and cured with DGEBA. The experimental were divided into two parts. Part (i) described the synthesis of SMA, and the results were examined through HNMR, FTIR, GPC, EA, DSC, TGA and solubility. From 1H NMR result, the SMA was synthesized successfully and the properties were Mw (22000), Tg(205 oC) and Tdmax (390 oC).The solubility was high and easy for use. Part (ii) described the effects of four different ratios of SMA/MA hybrid hardener on the properties of cured DGEBA. The experimental was carried out via FT-IR, DSC, TGA, DMA and bending test. From FTIR and DSC results, the curing behavior and structure could be observed which the Tdmax (>90%) and Tg(~70 oC) of all cured DGEBA. Moreover, the network density and cross-linking degree of cure DGEBA increased with the increase in SMA ratio. Therefore, SMA/MA/DGEBA exhibited the high thermal stability in various applications.
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洪侑毅. "Shrinking Characteristics, Internal Pigment-Ability and Mechanical Properties of Low-Shrink Unsaturated Polyester Resins : Effect of the Structure and Molecular Weight of Vinvl Chloride - Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Based Low Profile Additives." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51852722157292324063.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程技術研究所
86
The effects of five vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymerbased low profile additives (LPA)with defferent chemical structrue and molecular weight, including poly(vinyl actetate)(PVAc),poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate)(VC-VAc) and poly (vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate-co -maleic anhydride)(VC-VAc-MA),on the volume shrinkage characteristics,internal pigmentability and mechanical properties for three low-shrink unsaturated polyester resin (UP)based on maleic anhydride(MA)-propyleneglycol(PG),MA-PG-PA(phthalic anhydride),and MA-PG-IPA(isophghalic acid)types of UP respectively after the cure were investigated. The experimental results have been explained by phase characteristics of the ternary styrene/UP/LPA, reaction conversion, cured sample morphology, volume fraction of microvoid, and the composition change in the continuous crosslinked polyester phase as a result of phase separation during the cure.
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Huang, Chiu-Hui, and 黃秋惠. "Studies on Manufacture of Urushiol/Tung oil Copolymer Resin Coatings." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41407685870532355096.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
林業暨自然資源研究所碩士班
93
To improve the defects of Chinese lacquer (Urushi) and tung oil, as well as to keep the original advantages of each coating film, the study employed the different proportion of urushiol/tung oil with the catalysis of Fe-salen and H2O2 (aq) under the ambient temperature to carry out the polymerizations, and then produced the copolymer coatings. These modified coatings were used to investigate their application on the feasibility of wood finishing. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The GPC tests showed that the number average molecular weight (Mn) of urushiol and tung oil before polymerization were 1,230 and 580, respectively. The copolymer of Mn was about 2,900-3,700, which was higher than that of urushiol about 3 times or tung oil about 5 times, as well as the polydispersity were close to 1. After FTIR analysis, the absorbance peaks of C=C from 1622, 1595 cm-1 of urushiol aromatic rings was decreased significantly after polymerization. The peaks of 832 cm-1 disappeared at three substitutes of urushiol aromatic rings. The peak at 1745 cm-1, a carbonyl (C=O) from tung oil, was decreased. From the result of TLC, the polymerization of urushiol/tung oil copolymer coatings with Fe-salen and H2O2 (aq) under the ambient temperature, could be obtained. The adhesion of films from the copolymer coatings with the proportions of urushiol/tung oil at 80/20 (A formulas) and 60/40 (B formulas) was extremely excellent. After the hot and cold cycle tests and QUV tests, the durability of all coating films were advanced. From the result of TGA, the pyrolysis temperature of various copolymer films was higher than that of urushiol or tung oil, indicating the higher the pyrolysis temperature, the better thermal properties. Of all the copolymer coatings, formula A was with the best thermal properties. The char of all formulas was about 30 to 40 % when the temperature was reached to 700 oC, which was higher than that of urushiol and tung oil, that of tung oil about 10 times. This recommended that the thermal property of the coatings could obtain a higher improvement effectively.
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Wu, Yun-Hsuan, and 伍允瑄. "Organic-Inorganic Hybrids Prepared from Vinyl Acetate-Acrylic Acid Copolymer Resin and Tetraethoxysilane." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23096150552264268827.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
森林學系所
98
In this study, solution- and emulsion-type polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) resins were synthesized from vinyl acetate (VAc) monomer. The influence of forming PVAc copolymer resins by copolymerization with acrylic monomer or forming PVAc/silica organic-inorgenic hybrids by adding tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) prepolymer with a sol-gel process on the properties of PVAc films was investigated. The results showed that films of solution-type PVAc and PVAc/acrylic copolymer resins had good water resistance. The copolymer films that prepared by copolymerizing with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) had low tensile strength but large elongation; however, that copolymerizing with acrylic acid (AA) had hard and brittle behavior. The hybrid films that prepared by adding TEOS prepolymer could improve the ethyl acetate resistance, mechanical strength, and change the thermal degradation behavior. Emulsion-type PVAc resins copolymerized with MMA can increase the hydrophobic property, but decrease the tensile strength of the film. The water resistance, mechanical strength, and thermal property of PVAc emulsion films could be improved by adding the TEOS prepolymer. Both the solution- and emulsion-type PVAc resins that prepared by copolymerizing with MMA had better bonding strength than pure PVAc resin. Furthermore, the wet bonding strength of PVAc resin could be significantly improved by blending with TEOS prepolymer.
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LIU, PING-HUI, and 劉蘋慧. "Amphiphilic block copolymers via ATRP polymerization utilized in the recycled PET resin." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5m646q.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
分子科學與工程系有機高分子碩士班
107
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is an important thermoplastic polyester. Due to the increasing attention to environmental issues in recent years, waste disposal has become an important social issue. PET recycling seems to be an ideal waste treatment. However, the repeated heat treatment of PET materials may cause reduced properties due to thermal degradation. In this study, amphiphilic block copolymer macromolecules were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to improve the properties of the recycled products. It is expected that the recycled PET maintain its original physical properties, while the viscosity and mechanical properties are significantly improved. The materials selected were monomers 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The macroinitiator poly(HEMA)-Br was prepared as the first segment of the diblock copolymer by using ATRP as the HEMA monomer, followed by, the second segment that was based on the macroinitiator Poly(HEMA)-Br which was bonded with GMA monomer by ATRP. The synthesized diblock copolymer Poly(HEMA)-b-Poly(GMA) was then subjected to 1H-NMR characterization and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for analysis of molecular weight and its distribution. The main goal is to use of chain extension functional compounds and PET end-group reaction, so that in the process of processing and use of broken polymer chain can be re-combined, in order that polymer molecules have higher molecular weight and improved properties, to improve the recycled PET properties. The use of twin screw extruder to successfully make a variety of copolymers, its through the Ostwald Viscometer, SS curves can obtain excellent mechanical properties. It is expected to make a splash in future applications for environmentally friendly recycling of PET, such as eco-friendly yarn, packaging materials and photographic film.
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Doong，Jane and 董蓁. "The Properties Studies of Particleboards Bonded with the Peanut Hull Extracts－Phenol－Formaldehyde Copolymer Resin." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85248766456086735162.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
森林學系
81
The peanut hull extracts－phenol－formaldehyde copoly- mer resin as glue to make particleboards and flake-boards using different wood speices（ particleboards made from China fir and Taiwan paulownia,flakeboards made from China fir、Taiwan acacia and Moluccan sau）．This glue named home made resin．The results abtained by this experiment may be summarized as：The pH valueand alkali content of home made resin were higher than the commercial resins，and the free formaldehyde content were only 26﹪ about commercial UF resin in Taiwan．The flakeboards made from China fir were the best of ones bonded with home made resin．The flake- boards made from Taiwan paulownia didn't attain the planned density and their strength were weaker．The particleboards made from China fir still were the best of ones bonded with home made resin．The particleboards made from Taiwan acacia couldn't attain the expected strength，because their com- pression ratio（compaction ratio）were too low．The other ones made from Moluccan sauon this experiment were not good enough．Formaldehyde was released from the particleboards made from China fir that bonded with the peanut hull ex- tracts －phenol－formaldehyde copolymer resin about 4.36mg/L free formaldehyde．The particleboards made from China fir showed a residual MOE and MOR about 80.16﹪ and 92.07﹪ re- spectively after long term（720 hours）creep test．The line arizable function between creep deflections and loading time was：Ｙ＝ｔ ／（0.01g＋0.08ｔ），whereＹ＝Creep deflec- tion（mm）；ｔ＝ Loadingtime（hr.）
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Xie, Ming-Yin, and 謝銘胤. "PREPARATION OF TRIMETHYLSILYL GROUP CONTAINING MONOMER AND ITS COPOLYMERS FOR DEEP-UV RESIST." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67423868936146945167.
Full text
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Shieh, Ming-Yinn, and 謝銘胤. "PREPARATION OF TRIMETHYLSILYL GROUP CONTAINING MONOMER AND ITS COPOLYMERS FOR DEEP-UV RESIST." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89096900727185706066.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同工學院
化學工程學系
84
Three series of silicon containing copolymers werer synthesized by the solution free-radical copolymerization with azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) in 1,4-dioxane at 50-70 C. For study on the effects of reaction temperature, feed ratio, initiator concentration and solvent on the reaction of copolymerization, various synthesis conditions were used to prepare copolymers.Photopolymers were designed by esterification of PASiMAA (PTSiMAA, or PTSiAA) with ortho-BMNB (para-BMNB) using 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]-7-undecene (DBU) as the base in the aprotic solvent.All copolymers (PASiMAA, PTSiMAA and PTSiAA) show good transparencies at wide range wavelengths of UV light, but the photopolymers have maximum absorption at 260-270nm resulting from the nitrobenzyl group.When the photopolymer films were exposed to Deep-UV light, photoinduced internal oxidation- reduction reaction cause the maximum absorption decreasing and polymer films becoming base soluble resulting from the generation of carboxylic acid group.It indicating that they could be applied to positive acting, aqueous developable resists. The resolution of the photoresists is about 1.0 um.
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Chiou, Chin-Wei, and 邱勤偉. "On Modulating the Phase Behavior of POSS-Containing Diblock Copolymers Blend with Phenolic Resin via Hydrogen Bonding." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p5qg34.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
材料與光電科學學系研究所
102
In this study we used living anionic polymerization to prepare two different homopolymers: a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and a PMMA derivative presenting polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PMAPOSS) units as its side chains. We then employed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) to investigate the miscibility and specific interactions of PMMA and PMAPOSS with three hydrogen bonding donor compounds: poly(vinyl phenol) (PVPh), phenolic resin, and bisphenol A (BPA). DSC revealed that all of the PVPh/PMMA, phenolic/PMMA, and BPA/PMMA blends exhibited characteristic of miscible systems from hydrogen bonding interactions between the C=O groups of PMMA and the OH groups of these three hydrogen bonding donor compounds (FTIR). In contrast, all of the PMAPOSS blend systems were immiscible arising from strong screening effects. Depending on the strong screening effect, the diblock copolymers, namely PMMA-b-PMAPOSS were synthesized by living anionic polymerization exhibit microphase-separated structures. The structures were transformed by blending phenolic resin to change the volume fraction of PMMA domain, as evidenced consistently by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
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Lee, Kuan-yuan, and 李崑源. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Copolymers with Trimethylsilyl Group for Deep-UV Chemical Amplified Resists." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61290988317200662608.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
化學工程學系(所)
92
In this studying, the primary of this research was synthesis a new monomer with acid catalyzed chemical amplification cycle, tert-butyl4-(2,5-dioxo-2H-pyrrol -1-yl)benzoate (TBDPB), the new monomer with high thermal stability and high sensitivity, was synthesized by esterification through process from the 4-nitrobenzoic acid、tert-butyl alcohol and maleic anhydride. Free radical copolymerization of this monomer and three monmers with silicon-containing, Allyltrimethylsilane、Allyloxytrimethylsilane and Trimethylsilyl methacrylate, respectively were performed at 60~70 0C in the presence of azobisisobutyromitrile(AIBN) as an initiator in 1,4-dioxane. After that, this process wsas adopted to synthesize the resists. The first one was mix the difference composition of the chemical amplified photoresists and their prepared conditions with photo acid generator relative to copolymer 15％ to find the appropriate film thickness. Finally preformed the deep-UV photoresists PRI~PRIII. After irradiation under a deep-ultraviolet (UV) light source and developed by TMAH aqueous (0.01 wt%), the developed patterns showed positive images and exhibited good adhesion to the silicon wafer without using any adhesion promoter. The resolution of the resists was at 1.75μ.
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Wang, Hsin-Min, and 王馨敏. "Precise Synthesis of Various Block copolymers and Hybrid with Thermo-/Photo-cured Epoxy Resins via Reaction-Induced Phase Separation Mechanism and Study the Microstructures." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/am5z9u.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
化學工程學系所
107
We combined different living polymerization techniques to presicely design various chemical and topological strcutres of block copolymers (BCPs). Due to the different compatibility between the blocks and the thermosetting epoxy resin (ER) matrix, we target to obtain microstrucutes via reaction-induced microphase separation (RIMPS) mechanism during the curing process. PCL-b-PnBA or PCL-b-PMMA with ER blends: We studied the kinetic of ROP to select efficient metal-free catalyst to synthesis PCL-Br macroinitiator (MI). Chain extensions of PCL-Br with nBA or MMA by SARA ATRP were conducted to obtain BCPs. The PCL block/ER has good compatability, but not for the blocks of the PnBA and PMMA during curing. We discussed the influences of molecular weight, compositions, and molecular weight distribution (PDI) of different BCPs on RIMPS. Synthesis of miktoarm star copolymer (PCL)2-μ-(PnBA) and ER compatibility study: We utilized efficient oraganocatalysts of DPP and DBSA to prepare (PCL)2-Br MI. Chain extensions of (PCL)2-Br with nBA by SARA ATRP to obtain A2B type (PCL)2-μ-(PnBA). We studied microstructural difference between linear and miktoarm star copolymers. Blends of PCL-b-PnBA or (PCL)2-μ-(PnBA) with photosentive ER: we dicussed molecular weight, compositions, and topological influence on the microstructures. In this study, Mn and PDI were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), characterization was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), TEM(Transmission Electron Microscope), and small-angle light scattering (SAXS).
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Chandler, Curran Matthew. "Phase Behavior of Block Copolymers in Compressed CO2 and as Single Domain-Layer, Nanolithographic Etch Resists For Sub-10 nm Pattern Transfer." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/422.
Full textAbstract:
Diblock copolymers have many interesting properties, which first and foremost include their ability to self-assemble into various ordered, regularly spaced domains with nanometer-scale feature sizes. The work in this dissertation can be logically divided into two parts - the first and the majority of this work describes the phase behavior of certain block copolymer systems, and the second discusses real applications possible with block copolymer templates. Many compressible fluids have solvent-like properties dependent on fluid pressure and can be used as processing aids similar to liquid solvents. Here, compressed CO2 was shown to swell several thin homopolymer films, including polystyrene and polyisoprene, as measured by high pressure ellipsometry at elevated temperatures and pressures. The ellipsometric technique was modified to produce accurate data at these conditions through a custom pressure vessel design. The order-disorder transition (ODT) temperatures of several poly(styrene-b-isoprene) diblock copolymers were also investigated by static birefringence when dilated with compressed CO2. Sorption of CO2 in each copolymer resulted in significant depressions of the ODT temperature as a function of fluid pressure, and the data above was used to estimate the quantitative amount of solvent in each of the diblock copolymers. These depressions were not shown to follow dilution approximation, and showed interesting, exaggerated scaling of the ODT at near-bulk polymer concentrations. The phase behavior of block copolymer surfactants was studied when blended with polymer or small molecule additives capable of selective hydrogen bonds. This work used small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to identify several low molecular weight systems with strong phase separation and ordered domains as small as 2-3 nanometers upon blending. One blend of a commercially-available surfactant with a small molecule additive was further developed and showed promise as a thin-film pattern transfer template. In this scenario, block copolymer thin films on domain thick with self-assembled feature sizes of only 6-7 nm were used as plasma etch resists. Here the block copolymer's pattern was successfully transferred into the underlying SiO2 substrate using CF4-based reactive ion etching. The result was a parallel, cylindrical nanostructure etched into SiO2.
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Koslowsky, Ingrid L. "Synthesis and evaluation of an [18F]-labelled antisense oligonucleotide as an imaging probe to measure cellular response to radiation therapy." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1267.
Full textAbstract:
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (asODNs) show strong binding and high selectivity and can be constructed to recognize specific cellular targets such as gene regulated mRNA. Radiolabelled asODNs have the potential to image gene expression through mRNA targeting and could be a valuable tool in the early assessment of outcome to cancer treatment. We have explored the potential of in vivo imaging of p21 gene expression, using fluorine-18 labelled asODNs ([18F]asODNs) and in vitro techniques, recognizing the relationship between the expression of this gene and resistance of cancer cells to radiation therapy. Radiolabelling of fully phosphorothioated, 20-mer ODNs was performed using the [18F]-labelled prosthetic group, 4-N-[18F]fluorobenzyl-2-bromoacetamide ([18F]FBBA). [18F]FBBA was first synthesized in an automated synthesis unit, resulting in a modest radiochemical yield. Methods to improve the yield were investigated using a metal catalyst-assisted borohydride exchange resin. Alkylation of [18F]FBBA to ODN resulted in radiochemical yields of 40%. Cellular uptake and retention studies were performed in human carcinoma cells expressing p21+/+ (HCT116) and the p21 knock-out cell line, 80S4, using both [18F]-labelled antisense and random sequence ODNs. Nonradioactive FBBA-labelled ODNs were used to evaluate the antisense effectiveness and distribution of the FBBA-modified ODNs. In vitro studies demonstrated that FBBA did not interfere with the antisense effect of ODNs against p21 mRNA; however, the probes required a transfection agent to observe an antisense effect. Cell fractionation studies with [18F]ODNs revealed increasing accumulation of liposome-transfected [18F]asODN in the cytoplasm of HCT116 cells over time. A biocompatible spermine-grafted block copolymer (SP) was subsequently evaluated as a potential vector to improve the delivery of [18F]asODN into cells. SP was shown to direct [F]-labelled ODNs to the cytoplasm, whereas naked [F]ODNs remained sequestered in vesicles, and liposome-transfected [F]ODNs localized mostly in the nucleus. Selective uptake and retention of [18F]asODN was observed in p21+/+ cells only when the probe was transfected with SP. Based on these studies, it can be concluded that [18F]asODNs have the potential to image gene expression, however the focus may need to be directed to find an appropriate vector which can rapidly deliver [18F]-labelled asODNs to the target tissue in vivo.
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Chandler, Curran Matthew. "Phase behavior of block copolymers in compressed carbon dioxide and as single domain-layer, nanolithographic etch resists for sub-10 nm pattern transfer." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3482594.
Full textAbstract:
Diblock copolymers have many interesting properties, which first and foremost include their ability to self-assemble into various ordered, regularly spaced domains with nanometer-scale feature sizes. The work in this dissertation can be logically divided into two parts – the first and the majority of this work describes the phase behavior of certain block copolymer systems, and the second discusses real applications possible with block copolymer templates. Many compressible fluids have solvent-like properties dependent on fluid pressure and can be used as processing aids similar to liquid solvents. Here, compressed CO2 was shown to swell several thin homopolymer films, including polystyrene and polyisoprene, as measured by high pressure ellipsometry at elevated temperatures and pressures. The ellipsometric technique was modified to produce accurate data at these conditions through a custom pressure vessel design. The order-disorder transition (ODT) temperatures of several poly(styrene-bisoprene) diblock copolymers were also investigated by static birefringence when dilated with compressed CO2. Sorption of CO2 in each copolymer resulted in significant depressions of the ODT temperature as a function of fluid pressure, and the data above was used to estimate the quantitative amount of solvent in each of the diblock copolymers. These depressions were not shown to follow dilution approximation, and showed interesting, exaggerated scaling of the ODT at near-bulk polymer concentrations. The phase behavior of block copolymer surfactants was studied when blended with polymer or small molecule additives capable of selective hydrogen bonds. This work used small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to identify several low molecular weight systems with strong phase separation and ordered domains as small as 2–3 nanometers upon blending. One blend of a commercially-available surfactant with a small molecule additive was further developed and showed promise as a thin-film pattern transfer template. In this scenario, block copolymer thin films on domain thick with self-assembled feature sizes of only 6–7 nm were used as plasma etch resists. Here the block copolymer's pattern was successfully transferred into the underlying SiO2 substrate using CF4–based reactive ion etching. The result was a parallel, cylindrical nanostructure etched into SiO2.