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Littleton, Heather Leigh. "The coping process of the unacknowledged rape victim." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11097.
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Unacknowledged rape- having an experience that, if true, legally would be considered rape, but not conceptualizing it as rape, or sometimes even a victimization, is a common and understudied phenomenon. The present study sought to examine a coping model regarding unacknowledged rape. In this model, not acknowledging rape is viewed, in part, as a response to experiencing a number of negative consequences as a result of the assault, such as negative social reactions and feelings of responsibility. In addition, it is hypothesized that unacknowledged victims may turn to maladaptive coping techniques to cope with this assault, and not acknowledging the rape may aid in facilitating and justifying these attempts at coping, once initiated. Therefore, it was hypothesized that unacknowledged victims, compared to acknowledged victims, would suffer more negative consequences after the assault and they would use more maladaptive, avoidance coping. To test these hypotheses, an online survey was developed. A total of 1,253 university women drawn from the psychology department participant pool over three semesters, completed the survey. Of these, 256, or 20.4% of the sample reported having an experience consistent with a legal definition of rape. Sixty percent did not consider this experience to be a victimization and thus were classified as unacknowledged rape victims. Replicating previous research, unacknowledged victims suffered less violent assaults and also had consumed more alcohol during the assault. However, the results overall did not support the proposed model. There were few differences in the amount of negative consequences experienced by acknowledged and unacknowledged victims. In addition, the results suggested that being an unacknowledged victim was not associated with increased reliance on avoidance coping. Instead, acknowledged victims engaged in more of all coping strategies, perhaps because acknowledged assaults tended to produce slightly more severe posttraumatic symptoms. Several possible future directions were therefore proposed including a focus on cognitive and memory variables in rape acknowledgment as well as a focus on what leads women to acknowledge an assault, given that not acknowledging rape is the normative response to this type of victimization.<br>Ph. D.
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Littleton, Heather Leigh. "The coping process of the unacknowledged rape victim." [Blacksburg, Va. : University Libraries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2004. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11062003-190640.
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Amiot, Catherine E. "The self in the process of coping with change." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29074.
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On the basis of theoretical work on the self, coping, and self-determination, the goal of this thesis was to understand the role of both structural and more flexible self-related variables in the process of adapting to change as well as the consequences of this adaptation process. It was hypothesized that, in a changing situation, a structural aspect of the self, namely, the sense of self, would predict more positive appraisals and less negative appraisals toward this change. Appraisals and coping, in turn, were hypothesized to represent adaptation processes mediating the associations between sense of self and various consequences. The consequences investigated included psychological well-being, as well as changes in some more flexible aspects of the self, such as in the importance attributed to a new self-component and in self-determined motivation. Three studies were conducted to test these hypotheses. Study 1 (N = 35) was a preliminary laboratory experiment designed to induce change (experimental condition) vs. no change (control condition). The impact of the change manipulation on the associations between sense of self and appraisals was first tested using hierarchical moderated regression analyses. While a stronger negative association was found between sense of self and negative appraisals in the experimental (i.e., change) than in the control condition, sense of self did not predict positive appraisals, both in the experimental and in the control conditions. Through mediational analyses, negative appraisals were found to significantly mediate the sense of self - well-being association. Study 2 (N = 80) aimed at further testing these hypotheses by including another mediator in the sense of self - well-being association, namely, coping strategies. Again, a stronger association was observed between sense of self and negative appraisals in the experimental than in the control condition. Furthermore, mediational analyses confirmed the mediating role of (1) negative appraisals in the sense of self -disengagement-oriented coping association, (2) task-oriented coping in the positive appraisals-well-being relationship, and (3) disengagement-oriented coping in the negative appraisals-well-being association. Using a three-wave longitudinal design, Study 3 (N = 311) aimed at testing the entire hypothesized model among university students as they were experiencing the transition to university. Using structural equation modeling involving true intraindividual change analyses, sense of self was found to predict both positive and negative appraisals toward the transition to university. While positive appraisals positively predicted task-oriented coping strategies used to deal with the transition and negatively predicted disengagement-oriented coping, negative appraisals positively predicted both forms of coping. Finally, task-oriented coping positively predicted psychological well-being as well as increases in both identification as a university student and in academic motivation, whereas disengagement-oriented coping predicted less well-being and a decrease in academic self-determination. Through tests of indirect effects, the mediating role of appraisals and coping was confirmed. Implications of the findings and future research avenues are further discussed.
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Gould, Laura Feagans Hussong Andrea M. "The role of coping with peer stress in adolescent depression a closer look at coping in process /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,438.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
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Selvig, Lisa Ann. "Temperament in the coping process : a study of affect intensity, cognitive appraisals and coping strategies in adolescents /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3110691.
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Trainor, Sarah. "Stress, coping and the illusion of control : a two-process model /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpst768.pdf.
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Savvas, Michael. "Individual and organisational coping strategies as buffers in the stress process." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289572.
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Landberg, Anders. "New venture creation : resistance, coping and energy." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Centrum för Entreprenörskap och Affärsskapande (E), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-446.
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Entrepreneurship can be described as the creation of a venture out of nothing, except for an entrepreneur’s idea. No manuals or blueprints for entrepreneurs‘ particular ideas exists. Add to this plenty of adversities along the way. For many, the entrepreneurial journey ends long before their products or services have reached the market. How do entrepreneurs deal with adversities and goal disruptions on the path to venture creation, and what effects does this have on their ventures? This study focuses on the goal disruptions that entrepreneurs experience and builds a model of perceived resistance. The model illustrates how entrepreneurs appraise goal disruptions, choose certain coping strategies, either eventually overcoming the goal disruptions or terminating their venture creation journey. The key issues affecting how novice entrepreneurs cope with goal disruptions are entrepreneurs’ emotions, life life goals, as well as their energetic resources.<br><p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2008</p>
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Kelly, Michael P. "Coping with ulcerative colitis and ileostomy : a study of self and identity constructs and their relevance for the coping process." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311335.
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Knoll, Nina. "Coping as a personality process: how elderly patients deal with cataract surgery." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/108/index.html.
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Freedman, Sandra. "Positive illusions, coping, and inferential reasoning during the process of organizational change." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36930.
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Over the past two decades, Taylor (1983; Taylor & Brown, 1988) has explored the tendency of individuals to develop positive illusions in coping with stressful, or traumatic events. These illusions consist of unrealistic positive self evaluations, exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism. According to Taylor, illusions are important in accomplishing several tasks associated with successful adaptation, namely, search for meaning, regaining a sense of mastery, and restoring self-esteem through processes of social comparison. The purpose of the study was threefold: (a) to explore the construct of positive illusions (PI), (b) to explore employees' use of PI in coping with a stressful work event, and (c) to discover how PI, temporal distance, level of perceived stress, and a priming manipulation affect the type and frequency of inferences made while responding to items taken from a coping inventory.<br>The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase I, 209 nurses responded to a questionnaire which identified their level of PI, perceptions of occupational climate, and job satisfaction. They were also asked to describe a stressful work situation, and their appraisals and coping strategies used to manage the event. Results demonstrated that the PI construct for this population was best identified by enhanced self-perception, high dispositional optimism, and low internal locus of control. PI were associated with high self-efficacy for resolving the stressful event, appraisals of challenge, positive reappraisal and self-controlling coping, and the nonuse of escape-avoidance coping.<br>In Phase II, 36 nurses "high" and "low" in PI were assigned to two priming conditions. Nurses participated in a think-aloud procedure during which time they rated 16 coping items in relation to their previously identified work event and gave reasons for their ratings. After protocol analysis, results demonstrated that, (a) the type of prime used affected the consistency of recall even after controlling for temporal distance, and (b) positive illusions, prime, and time interact to produce significantly different patterns of self-statements and contextual inferences for the four groups. The results demonstrate that measures which rely on the recall of coping strategies need to be treated with considerable caution.
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Carr, Michelle. "The process of adjustment and coping for women in secure forensic environments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13377/.
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Clinicians working with women in forensic secure environments will be acutely aware of the diverse risks, complex treatment needs and unique responsivity issues found in this multifaceted marginal group. Women make up 5% of the prison population and approx 20% of the secure forensic psychiatric population (approx 4,500 and 1,085 women respectively). What animates the studies of women is not so much numbers of offenders but the particular circumstances of the women and girls “behind” the numbers. There is a common perception that women make up such a small number of the criminal justice service (CJS) population that devising gender sensitive environments and interventions is unnecessary. However studies of patients detained in high and medium security have identified significant gender differences. Women are more likely to commit minor offenses, be diagnosed with a personality disorder, present with self injurious behavior and have suffered childhood victimization. Thus, women and girls who are caught up in the justice system enter it as a result of circumstances distinctly different from those of men. Up until recently the needs of women were inadequately met in services centered on the needs of men and it is only relatively recently that the need to address these glaring differences has been thrashed out in the public arena. Following a number of high profile reviews and reports mixed sex wards have been become a exceptional, strip searches of women in prison have been abolished and large numbers of women have been reviewed and stepped down to lower levels of security. A less well researched area of women’s secure care centers on the profound impact of adjusting to a new environment which involves coping with severance of social support networks.
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Aslanzadeh, Farah J. "USING RESTORATION-ORIENTED COPING AND THE DUAL PROCESS MODEL WITH BEREAVED UNDERGRADUATES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5155.
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Approximately 60% of college seniors lost at least one family member or friend since beginning college (Cox, Dean, & Kowalski, 2015). Research reveals that bereaved students are more likely than their nonbereaved peers to struggle with academic problems and attrition (Cousins, Servaty-Seib & Lockman, 2017), highlighting the importance of identifying protective factors for this group of individuals. Researchers have identified restoration-oriented coping as a helpful coping mechanism in other samples (Caserta & Lund, 2007; Caserta, Lund, Utza, & de Vries, 2009). Despite qualitative evidence suggesting bereaved undergraduates often employ restoration-oriented coping, no research has formally assessed the effects of restoration-oriented coping in a bereaved undergraduate sample.
This study assessed the effects of restoration-oriented coping on students’ (N=420; 68.8% female; 46.7% white) psychological well-being in a longitudinal design. Data were part of a larger study (“Spit 4 Science”) assessing the development of substance use and emotional
health outcomes in college students. Students were assessed annually; those who reported a loss, had pre-, and post-loss data were included in analysis. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions were conducted and showed restoration-oriented coping was predictive of better psychological well-being and that this relationship was strengthened by social support quality. Extraversion was also predictive of better psychological well-being, while openness and neuroticism were related to poorer psychological well-being. Moreover, neuroticism mediated the relationship between distress at indication of loss and post-loss follow-up.
Further research of restoration-oriented coping efforts among bereaved undergraduates is warranted. Additional resources and support may help to keep students engaged following a loss.
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Rentscher, Kelly E., and Kelly E. Rentscher. "Communal Coping as a Change Process in Couple-Focused Interventions for Health Problems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625571.
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Communal coping—a process in which romantic partners view a problem or stressor as "ours" rather than "yours" or "mine" and engage in collaborative problem solving to address it —has emerged as an important predictor of health and treatment outcomes. This study investigated communal coping as a theoretically derived and empirically supported intervention target within two couple-focused interventions for health problems: Family Systems Therapy for problematic alcohol use and Family Consultation for health-compromised smoking. With a combined sample of 56 couples (37 alcohol, 21 smoking), this study investigated within-session changes in communal coping—indexed via observable, communal coping behaviors and first-person plural pronoun use (we-talk)—prior to and following therapist implementation of specific solution-focused therapy techniques that aimed to promote communal coping in the couples during a target therapy session. Teams of trained raters observed the target therapy sessions and made independent ratings of couple communal coping behaviors and therapist adherence. Pronoun measures for each partner were obtained via computerized text analysis from transcripts of partners' speech during the target therapy sessions. Both patients and spouses showed increases in communal coping behavior and we-talk from a "baseline" problem-focused therapy block to the "active" solution-focused therapy block. In addition, exploratory analyses revealed that several couple and therapist characteristics, as well as specific solution-focused techniques were associated with within-session changes in communal coping. Findings from this study identify communal coping as a client change process and solution-focused therapy techniques as a therapist change process within the two interventions, and demonstrate successful engagement of communal coping as a therapeutic target.
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Patel, Farhana. "A daily process study of prayer as a coping strategy for chronic pain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485215.
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This research was concerned with looking at the relationship between religious coping and chronic pain1 • A substantial body of literature now exists to support a positive role for religiosity and religious coping in relation to health. Prayer represents a form of religious copi..'1g. Much of the existing research has looked at the concept of prayer in a very unidimensional a'd simplistic way. Prayer, as with its parent concept of religiosity however, is a multi-dimensional construct and research has suggested that different prayer types may have a differential impact on health outcome. The primary aim. of the current study was to look at the impact of four prayer types: ritual, intercessory (or petitionary), meditative (or contemplative) and conversational on the perceived pain and distress experienced by people with chronic pain. These prayer types were further categorised in terms of whether they served a primary function of managing distress, i.e. emotion-focussed coping (ritual and intercessory) or of managing the problem causing the distress, i.e. problem-focussed coping (meditative and conversational), with the latter potentially reflecting more adaptive coping. A secondary aim was to assess the impact of an individual's wider religious beliefs, i.e. their specific religious orientation (intrinsic I extrinsic) on the choice of prayer used. Intrinsic orientation was also explored in relation to its· potential overlap with the three themes relevant to Taylor's (1983) model of cognitive adaptation: optimism, control and selfesteem. Twenty-five participants completed a number of standardised measures to include assessments of pain, psychological distress, religious orientation and factors associated with Taylor's model. They also completed a diary three times a day for a period of two weeks, indjcating their levels of pain and distress as well as recording their prayer activities. The study revealed that people used prayer in highly variable and multiple ways. This pattern of use however was not systematically associated with variation in levels of pain and distress either within or between individuals. There was also no clear distinction between L1.e different prayers types on the basis of emotion or problem-focussed coping. The factor of religiosity was not strongly implicated in the way particular prayers were used, but greater intri.'..1sic religiosity was associated with greater control and optimism. The implications of these results are discussed for the literature on religiosity and prayer in chronic illness, models of coping and the importance of future research in this area.
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Sylvestre, John C. "A process-oriented approach to the study of coping by disengagement and distraction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ55640.pdf.
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Cherel-Robson, Milasoa Cadette. "Vulnerability to food insecurity in Madagascar: Spatial determinants, policy process and coping strategies." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488615.
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In spite of numerous international pledges to end hunger, progress has been slow in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is a large body of literature on the conceptualisation of food security, but there has been little empirical investigation of its contextual characteristics and root causes.
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Lohman, Brenda Jo. "School and family contexts : relationship to coping with conflict during the individuation process /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488195633520619.
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Guelzow, Maureen G. "Explanatory model of stress and coping process for dual-career men and women." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54532.
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An explanatory model of stress and coping for dual-career women and men is presented and tested using distress, a global measure of somatic symptomatology, as the stress measure outcome. Results indicate that the men and women sampled are psychologically vested in both professional and family roles. Additionally, the women, all of whom are employed full time, report no significant associations between having younger children and role strain, parental stress, or distress. Men who have a flexible work schedule indicate significantly lower marital, parental, and professional stress, as well as lower distress. Use of cognitive restructuring coping strategies led to significantly lower distress for both genders; use of role reduction strategies was linked to higher distress levels for men. Additional findings reveal more differences than similarities by gender.<br>Ph. D.
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Green, Diane Lois. "A multivariate model of the stress and coping process for victims of crime." Digital version:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992804.
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Alqahtani, Fatimah. "School-related stress and coping process of primary school girls with learning disabilities in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/101533/1/Fatimah%20Hussain%20A_Alqahtani_Thesis.pdf.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the stress experienced by girls with learning disabilities in Saudi Arabian primary schools. Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) theory of coping was used as a theoretical framework. Findings indicated that teachers’ mistreatment behaviours towards these girls were the most common areas of stress participants experienced and had the most negative impact on them. Poor relationships with other students were also identified as an important source of stress. The study has implications for informing pre-service teacher education programs and raising awareness of the importance of positive teacher-student relationships in Saudi Arabian schools.
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Beers, Jeffry Childs. "Teacher Stress and Coping: Does the Process Differ According to Years of Teaching Experience?" PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/809.
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Teaching is stressful. The demands placed on teachers can result in emotional exhaustion and burnout, causing many to leave the profession. Teachers early in their careers seem to be at special risk, with desistence rates estimated as high as 40% in the first five years. This study was based on the notion that constructive coping can be a resource for teachers, and that teachers later in their professional lives may provide a model for adaptive ways of dealing with professional demands. The goal of the study was to examine whether the coping process utilized by teachers (including reported demands, appraisals, ways of coping, resolutions, and post-coping assessment) differed at different stages of their career. Participants (n = 57) were teachers (90% female) ranging in age from 28-63, teaching in grades 4 to 12. The current study utilized a portion of the baseline open-ended interview of a randomized waitlist control study conducted to explore the effects of a mindfulness-based program. After coding the interview data for each step of the coping process, frequency analyses revealed that: (1) as in previous studies, the most frequently reported demands were problems with students (40%), followed by workload (18%) and parents (15%); (2) the most frequently reported appraisal was extreme negative emotion (44%); (3) the most frequently reported ways of coping were adaptive, including problem-solving (65%), support seeking (35%), and self regulation (22%); (4) the most frequently reported resolution of the stressful episode was successful (51%); and (5) with regards to post coping assessment, teachers most frequently reported that they would do something differently in future episodes if they could (54%). A series of Chi-square analyses to explore whether there is an association between how the teachers responded to questions corresponding to each step revealed that (1) teachers who reported parents as a demand in teaching were more likely to report extreme negative emotion and the use of self-regulation, which was associated with a successful resolution; (2) teachers who reported the administration as a demand were also more likely to use support seeking as a way of coping; and (3) teachers who reported using more maladaptive ways of coping were also more likely to report an unsuccessful resolution. Finally, pairwise comparisons to determine which groups of teachers differed from each other showed that, in keeping with expectations, early career teachers reported "no negative emotion" less and "extreme negative emotion" more than other groups, while late career teachers mentioned "no negative emotion" more. In terms of demands, early career teachers mentioned the environment less whereas late career teachers mentioned parents less and students more often. In terms of coping, late career teachers reported using self-regulation less and cognitive accommodation more than the other groups. Finally, early career teachers were more likely to say that they would try different effective strategies in future coping episodes while late career teachers were less likely to report that they would do so. Applications of these findings are discussed for process-oriented theories of teacher stress and coping, for future studies examining how coping develops over the course of a professional career, and for preservice training and school-based interventions designed to promote adaptive coping for teachers at every phase of their profession.
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Dixon, Harriet E. Ţ. "A grounded theory of the dynamic nature of constraints to leisure and successful coping process." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219861647/.
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Brown, Anna. "Enskiled coping : exploring the process of becoming skilled in and through the practice of craft." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11517.
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Becoming skilled is often portrayed through linear trajectories and stepwise models that reduce the complexity of lived experience. In turn, these models restrict the possibilities for going on by suggesting that what we do, and how we know, unfolds in a unidirectional and predetermined manner. This thesis addresses this problem by exploring the process of becoming skilled over time. It traces the author's own becoming a potter through apprenticeship in the practice of craft. Based on this rich empirical data three contributions are made to process studies in management and organisation. Firstly, this thesis illuminates a multi-directional, two-phased ‘pattern of enskilment' through which practitioners develop the necessary foundational skills to grasp the underlying logic of practice and reveal new ways of going on. Secondly, patterns of enskilment are shown to unfold in the forces and flows of the wider institutional arrangements as practitioners both follow and orchestrate the rhythms of practice. In turn, the emergent and potent forces that shape the course of ongoing becoming are revealed. In so doing, form-imposing structures, such as rules, judgments and intentions are shown to be ongoing and emergent forces that are generated in and through process, as it unfolds against a background of practice. Finally, apprenticeship is presented as means of understanding becoming through the process of becoming itself. Herein researcher and researched are reunited in the synchronous weaving together of simultaneous lines of becoming as they traverse overlapping practice(s). To this end, what we know and what we do are inherently entangled in who we are.
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Guelzow, Maureen G. "Coping responses and psychological resources as mediators in the stress process for dual-career women." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74523.
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The stress process was examined for a sample of 94 dual-career women. The relationship between sources (role strain), mediators (coping responses, psychological resources of self-esteem and low self-denigration, number and age of children), and outcome (feelings associated with role strains) was quantitatively assessed via factor analysis to determine the efficacy of mediators in the stress process. Seven coping strategies were identified: Cognitive Restructuring, Delegating Responsibility, Limiting Responsibility, Integrating Work and Family, Avoiding Responsibility, and Using Social Support. Results indicated that strain accounts for a large portion of the variation in stress. Cognitive Restructuring was the most crucial coping response in the stress process, having the greatest effect in reducing not only strain, but also stress; low self-denigration was the most critical psychological resource, buffering both strain and stress levels. Limiting Responsibility was associated with higher levels of strain. In addition, stress was found to increase as number of children increased and as age of youngest child decreased.<br>Master of Science
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Snell, Susan Ann. "Mainstream families with children with special needs : a qualitative study of the process of coping /." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12172008-063248/.
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Ogletree, Aaron M. "The interplay of life stressors and coping resources: Implications for health." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95028.
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Adults aged 50 years and older are a growing segment of the population and are more likely than their younger counterparts to experience significant stressors such as the death of a relative or friend, onset of chronic conditions, and increased health burden. The current studies use Pearlin's stress process model to evaluate the impact of these stressors on outcomes of depression. Study 1 used Wave 1 data from the ORANJ BOWL research panel of 5,688 New Jersey residents aged 50 and older to explore the relationship between relational life events, private religious practices, and depressed mood. Cross-sectional structural equation modeling was used to evaluate these relationships. Results showed that relational life events had a significant positive influence on depressive symptoms and this relationship was partially mediated by private religious practices. Findings indicate that non-personal life events are important sources of stress that may otherwise be overlooked when assessing risk factors among older adults. Study 2 used data from 640 men from the Research on Older Adults with HIV (ROAH) study to evaluate the impact of HIV-related health burden on depressed mood and to assess the mitigating effects of social support adequacy. Structural equation modeling showed that greater health burden was associated with more depressive symptoms; this relationship was significantly partially mediated by emotional support adequacy, which was a measure of unmet social need. Findings indicate that health burden has a cumulative impact on psychological health and programs and supports that target social wellness can improve this relationship. These studies point to the importance of understanding sources of risk and resilience among older people and in an attempt to improve overall health outcomes.<br>Ph. D.
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Lundmark, Mikael. "Religiositet och coping : religionspsykologiska studier av kristna med cancer." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-135078.
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This thesis investigates the interdependence of religiosity and a life situation changed by cancer, focusing especially on the coping process. This implies analyses of a number of identified expressions of religiosity regarding prerequisites and functions in the coping process. In order to synthesize the results from the studies, the aim has been operationalized into three comprehensive research questions that were posed to each of the empirical studies of the thesis: 1) What are the functions of the analysed expressions of religiosity during the coping process? 2) What prerequisites for the influence of religiosity on the coping process can be identified? 3) How is religiosity influenced by a life situation changed by cancer? The empirical studies are presented in four separate articles. Each of the studies has its own specific research questions that are related to the comprehensive research questions. The method was qualitative and explorative. The research material was gathered with qualitative interviews of 20 Swedish informants of varying gender, age, congregational affiliation and diagnosis. The informants defined themselves as Christians and practised their Christian faith and had or had had a cancer disease. There is longitudinal data from half of the group. The theoretical framework was based on the coping theories developed by Kenneth Pargament and Ruard Ganzevoort and complemented by, among other things, the object-relations theoretical concept of transitional objects. The results show that most of the analysed expressions of religiosity function as a preserving coping method but some of them also function as a reconstructing coping method. In some cases, the expressions of religiosity also function as methods of attributing control, either to God or to the individual. Two main groups of prerequisites for the expressions of religiosity were identified in conjunction with the coping process: contextual and psychological. The former could in turn be divided into religious and medical contexts; the latter into several different kinds, such as perceptual psychological factors, the need to create and use transitional objects, locus of control, and personality traits. Reconstructing coping methods imply varying degrees of changes in the informants’ religiosity, both regarding the analysed expression of religiosity and other expressions of religiosity. In addition to gaining insights into the interdependence of religion and coping for Christians living with cancer, the study contributes to the development of the psychology of religion coping theory by adding to the theory: 1) suggested specifications to the current concepts of Pargament’s coping theory; 2) the concept coping tool; 3) the distinction between functional and relational regarding the concepts of coping mechanism and coping method; 4) the coping mechanism attributing, and 5) the distinction between unilateral and bilateral deferring coping styles. The results indicate that the coping process can include a creative element in the form of a search for, or creation of, functional coping methods and/or coping tools which enhance the functionality of the coping process.
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Davis, Caroline C. "Gender-Specific Emotional Expression and the Effects of Social Media on the Post-Relationship Coping Process." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/552.
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The current study aims to analyze the nature and duration of the intimate relationship breakup experience for young adult males and females as a function of socially encouraged gender behavior and Facebook use. Seventy male and seventy female (ages 18-25) participants who have endured an intimate relationship breakup within the past year will complete three pencil and paper survey measures in a classroom setting. Participants will be asked a series of questions about their resulting emotionality and Facebook use post-breakup. The researcher anticipates a series of t-tests will reveal that in accordance with socially encouraged gender behaviors, females will report a longer duration of the breakup process, overall higher levels of emotionality, and more time spent monitoring the activity of an ex-partner on Facebook. Male participants will report higher levels of anger as a result of a breakup, and while both males and females will report Facebook interference in the coping process, females will report significantly higher levels of Facebook interference than male participants. The increased understanding of social media use and gender stereotypes in regards to an intimate relationship breakup suggest that both hold significant power in society, and may particularly encourage gender differences in dealing with such a breakup. Furthermore, the two may function in sync to dictate the breakup experience differently for males and females.
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Dahlson, Hanna, and Karin Svensson. "The future of the University of Linköping : networking as a mean for coping with the Bologna Process." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2148.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Background: During the past years the increasing internationalisation has not only affected companies but also universities. This development is due to the Bologna Declaration which prescribes a harmonisation of the higher education in Europe. The declaration implies a tougher competition, but also a higher degree of co-operation among European universities. </p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine how LiU can make use of thenetwork approach in the process of internationalisation, in order to cope with the changes that the Bologna Declaration implies. </p><p>Realisation: We have carried out a total amount of 17 interviews. To complement these interviews, secondary data about the Bologna Process and LiU have been extracted from the internet and other information material. </p><p>Results: LiU should take advantage of the opportunities provided by the Bologna Process in order to further internationalise. The most favourable way of networking for LiU would be to be a part of relatively small and complementary networks. The promotion and facilitation of the communication between partners, but also within the university, is crucial. Use, and constantly develop, the competitive advantages in order to seek possible network partners and to attract students, teachers and researchers.</p>
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Andrews, Karen Joyce. "The process of coping and self-management in the experience of recovering from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003132.
Full textAbstract:
A hermeneutical model of doing research is adopted to investigate the process of coping and self-management in the experience of recovering from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Three research participants who consider themselves as recovering or recovered from CFS were interviewed to obtain data for analysis. The findings are that once the participants cope with the uncertainty about the meaning of the onset of symptoms by defining themselves as ill in somatic terms, the participants use external social and treatment resources to cope with the onset of symptoms and being chronically ill with CFS. As a consequence of feeling stigmatised in relation to social and professional scepticism about initially being ill and subsequently, being chronically ill with CFS, the participants become uncertain about the meaning of having CFS. Coping shifts to using internal resources by adopting self-management practises. In this process, firstly, existing self-management shifts in such a way that the participants view themselves as recovering or recovered from CFS, and secondly, the participants come to the understanding that difficulties with self-management cause and maintain CFS. The findings are discussed to conclude that CFS may be a misdiagnosis of difficulties with self-management. CFS itself may not be an 'objective' disorder, but a constituent of social processes. Becoming diagnosed with CFS arises as a consequence of the search for meaning in relation to the lay and professional assumption that psychological illness does not constitute 'real' illness, operating at both the levels of popular society and the doctor-patient relationship. Difficulties with self-management rather than the diagnosis of CFS provide a more adequate understariding of the participants' illnesses.<br>KMBT_363<br>Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
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Kemp, Steven. "The role of illness representations in the process of coping and psychosocial adjustment among adults with epilepsy." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/676/.
Full textAbstract:
The self-regulation model (Leventhal, Nerenz and Steele, 1984) emphasises the role of cognitive representations of illness and coping efforts on patients responses to health threats. In this thesis the relationships between illness representations, coping and psychosocial adjustment were investigated among 94 epilepsy patients. The sample comprised three groups; recently diagnosed, chronic (clinic) and chronic (GP) patients. An instrument was developed to assess patients cognitive representations of epilepsy. The protocol used yielded both qualitative and quantitative data. Both chronic (clinic) and recently diagnosed patients exhibited significant adjustment problems. In contrast, among chronic (GP) patients psychosocial adjustment was good. Differences in coping and illness representations were found between groups. Chronic (clinic) patients were distinguished by greater reliance on wishful thinking and avoidance coping. Avoidance coping strategies were least prevalent among chronic (GP) patients. In terms of illness representations, recent onset patients were characterised by, weaker illness identity, acute timeline and perceptions of less severe consequences. Chronic (clinic) patients were characterised by; a strong illness identity, chronic timeline, perception of serious consequences and high contamination beliefs. Chronic (GP) patients also possessed a strong illness identity and chronic time perception, but on the consequences and self-illness components more closely resembled recent onset patients. A series of multiple regression analyses indicated that illness representations explained a greater proportion of variance in; mental health, psychological distress, self-esteem and social anxiety than did the coping strategies after controlling for neuroepileptic factors. The illness representation component self-illness relationship had the strongest overall association with adjustment. Additional components making a significant contribution were; illness identity, timeline and control. There were several distinct relationships between illness representations and coping. Illness identity, blaming others, perception of serious consequences and negative self-illness appraisals were positively related to wishful thinking and avoidance coping. Among the four coping strategies assessed; avoidance,problem-focused and wishful thinking were related to adjustment. Seeking social support did not emerge as a significant predictor of adjustment. Patients with a strong illness identity, who perceived themselves as unable to contain the effects of epilepsy, utilised wishful thinking and avoidance coping emerged as having the poorest mental health and self-esteem. This thesis demonstrates the value of the self-regulation paradigm in understanding psychosocial adjustment to epilepsy. Results are discussed with respect to operationalizing the model to investigate epilepsy, the presence of both direct effects of illness representations on adjustment and indirect effects via coping. The implications for clinical intervention work are considered.
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Bailey, Sarah Louise. "A feasibility and acceptability study and a qualitative process evaluation of a coping intervention for recurrent miscarriage." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422273/.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Recurrent miscarriage is diagnosed when a woman has had three or more consecutive miscarriages. Increased levels of distress and anxiety are common during the early stages of any subsequent pregnancies, as women affected by this condition wait for confirmation that their pregnancy is ongoing. This can pose a significant threat to their psychological well-being, however only limited support and therapy are available. The Positive Reappraisal Coping Intervention (PRCI) is a novel self-administered supportive technique that has been shown to be effective in patients awaiting the outcome of fertility treatment. Study objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of running a future definitive study to test the effectiveness of the PRCI in improving quality of life in the difficult waiting period that women with previous miscarriage endure before an ongoing pregnancy can be confirmed. Methodology: A two-centre randomised controlled trial feasibility study and qualitative process evaluation recruited seventy-six participants. Forty-seven of these were randomised at the point of a positive pregnancy test in to one of two study groups. The PRCI intervention group received the PRCI card and weekly questionnaires to assess their psychological well-being during the waiting period of their new pregnancy. The non-intervention group completed the same weekly questionnaires. The qualitative process evaluation employed semi-structured interviews (n=14) to address relevant aspects of the study objectives. Feasibility findings: Data suggest that successful recruitment to a future definitive study investigating a coping intervention for recurrent miscarriage is possible and that there is an appropriate and sizeable patient population willing to take part. The study participants demonstrated a positive attitude to using the PRCI, finding it an acceptable and practical intervention to use during the challenging waiting period of a new pregnancy. Results are encouraging and demonstrate that use of the PRCI was popular and conveyed some benefits to participants. An effectiveness RCT is warranted, however with some modification to take into account feasibility findings including varying recruitment rates between study sites, the reactive effect of Weekly Record Keeping data collection questionnaire and the adaptation of the use of the PRCI.
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Ana, Genc. "Relacije između stres-procesa i ispitne anksioznosti – distorzije u sećanjima na emocije iz prošlih stresnih transakcija." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=90694&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Disertacija je usmerena na dva glavna istraživačka pitanja: na ispitivanjesloženih međuodnosa varijabli relevantnih za fenomen stres-procesa u kontekstuispitne anksioznosti i na istraživanje grešaka u sećanjima na emocije, misli iponašanja iz konkretne prošle stresne transakcije. Teorijsku bazu rada predstavlja uovoj studiji revidirana verzija modela Tejlora i Aspinvala (The Taylor and AspinwallModel, 1996), koji podrazumeva sveobuhvatan i savremen konceptualni okvir zarazumevanje komponenti generičkog pojma stresa i njihovih međusobnih relacija.Ovde validirani model obuhvata četiri grupe promenljivih: a) stresor (ispitnaanksioznost), b) suočavanje sa stresom (tri kategorije mehanizama prevladavanja:suočavanje usmereno na zadatak, suočavanje usmereno na emocije i izbegavanje), c)karakteristike ličnosti (optimizam i generalna samoefikasnost kao internalni resursi zasuočavanje sa stresom, i dve stabilne osobine ličnosti, relevantne za domenakademskog života: perfekcionizam i neuroticizam), i d) izlazne varijable stresprocesa(uspeh postignut na kolokvijumu i emocionalno stanje studenata neposrednonakon ispitne situacije).Istraživanje je sprovedeno na prigodnom uzorku od ukupno 263 studenata,koji pohađaju studije psihologije i germanistike na Filozofskom fakultetu u NovomSadu. Nacrt istraživanja koncipiran je na način, koji je omogućio prikupljanjepodataka u dva distinktivna vremena merenja: neposredno pre i odmah nakonpolaganja kolokvijuma, te mesec dana posle ove ispitne situacije. Ispitivanje prostoravarijabli stres-procesa obavljeno je primenom sledećih mernih instrumenata: upitnikza procenu ispitne anksioznosti (TAI), inventar za registrovanje načina suočavanja sakognitivnim zadacima (CITS), upitnik za merenje perfekcionizma (APS-R), skaladispozicionog optimizma (LOT-R), skala generalne samoefikasnosti (GSE), subskalaneuroticizma iz „Big Five” inventara ličnosti i upitnik za procenu pozitivnog inegativnog afektiviteta (SIAB-PANAS).Dobijeni rezultati, koji su proizišli iz razmatranja prve grupe istraživačkihpitanja, sugerišu da mehanizmi suočavanja usmereni na emocije predstavljajustatistički značajne medijatore relacija, koje postoje između visine izraženosti ispitneanksioznosti, s jedne strane, i uspeha na kolokvijumu i emocionalnog stanja ispitanikaneposredno nakon ispitne situacije, s druge strane. Nadalje, u radu su detaljnoprikazani i prodiskutovani specifični uslovi, pod kojima određeni nivo razvijenosti ispitivanih moderator varijabli (optimizam, generalna samoefikasnost, neuroticizam itri podvrste perfekcionizma) značajno menja sledeće relacije: a) ispitna anksioznost –izbor strategija za suočavanje, b) primenjeni mehanizmi prevladavanja – ishodiispitivane stresne transakcije i c) direktna veza između stresora i izlaznih varijabli.Prilikom ispitivanja memorijskih distorzija, ustanovljeno je da su studentigeneralno skloni naknadnom potcenjivanju jačine sopstvene ispitne anksioznosti, kojaje postojala u realnoj situaciji polaganja kolokvijuma, kao i precenjivanju pozitivnihishodnih emocija. Nalazi takođe sugerišu da osobina neuroticizma i uspeh postignutna testu znanja nisu u značajnoj meri delovali na greške u sećanju na osećanja izprošle stresne transakcije. Na posletku, utvrđeno je da su ispitanici relativno tačnoevocirali sećanja na primenjene strategije suočavanja, koje spadaju u kategorijeprevladavanja usmerenog na zadatak i izbegavanje, dok su potcenili jačinu i učestalostkorišćenja mehanizama suočavanja usmerenih na emocije.<br>The thesis is focused on two main research issues, as follows: examination ofcomplex interrelationships among variables relevant to the phenomenon of the stressprocessin the context of test anxiety and study of distortions in the memory foremotions, thoughts and behavior in a particular previous stressful transaction. Thetheoretical basis of the thesis presented in this study is a revised version of the Taylorand Aspinwall model (The Taylor and Aspinwall Model, 1996), which includes acomprehensive and contemporary conceptual framework for understanding thecomponents of a generic phenomenon of the stress concept and their mutual relations.The validated model includes four sets of variables: a) stressor (test anxiety), b)coping (three categories of coping mechanisms: task-focused coping, emotion-focusedcoping, and avoidance), c) personality traits (optimism and general self-efficacy asinternal resources for coping, and two stable personality traits relevant to the domainof academic life: perfectionism and neuroticism), and d) the output variables of thestress-process (success achieved at the colloquium and the emotional state of studentsimmediately after the test situation).The research was carried out on a sample of 263 students of Psychologystudies and German Language and Literature studies at the University of Novi Sad.The research design enabled data collection within two distinct times of measurement:immediately before and immediately after passing the colloquium (test), and a monthafter the test situation. Examination of the stress-process variable space was carriedout by application of the following measuring instruments: Test Anxiety Inventory(TAI), Coping Inventory for Task Stress (CITS), The Almost Perfect Scale-Revised(APS-R), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE),the neuroticism subscale from the "Big Five" personality inventory, and the Serbianadaptation of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (SIAB-PANAS).The obtained results, which have emerged after reviewing the first set of theresearch questions, suggest that emotion-focused coping mechanisms are significantmediators of relations, which exist between the intensity of the test anxiety on onehand, and success achieved at the colloquium and the emotional state of subjectsimmediately after the test situation, on the other hand. Furthermore, the thesis presentsin details and discusses specific conditions under which a certain level of theexamined moderator variables (optimism, general self-efficacy, neuroticism, and three subtypes of perfectionism) significantly change the following relations: a) test anxiety– a choice of coping strategies, b) applied coping mechanisms - outcomes of theexamined stressful transaction and c) a direct relationship between stressors andoutput variables.When examining memory distortions, it was found that students generallytended to subsequently underestimate the strength of their own test anxiety, whichexisted in the real situation of taking the test, as well as to overestimate positiveoutcome emotions. The findings also suggested that the neuroticism trait and thesuccess achieved on the test were statistically not significant for distortions inmemory, and feelings from the previous stressful transaction. Finally, it was foundthat the subjects relatively accurately evoked memories of the applied copingstrategies, which fell into the category of the task-focused coping and avoidance, andunderestimated the strength and frequency of application of emotion-focused copingmechanisms.
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Rattanajarana, Sahattaya, and n/a. "Coping with colorectal cancer and the creation of a colostomy in the Thai context." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061010.154836.
Full textAbstract:
The number of patients who suffer from colorectal cancer in Thailand has increased
during the last three decades as a result of the change to a Westem-style diet. Due to
many patients presenting at a late stage and the location of tumours in the rectum,
patients have a higher probability of needing a colostomy. This study explores the
experiences, coping strategies and the factors that influence coping strategies over a sixmonth
period in a group of Thai colorectal cancer patients who have a colostomy.
The conceptual framework used in this study was based on the Moos and Schaefer
conceptual model of the stress and coping process. A case study methodology was
employed to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from eleven participants at
three points in time: within one month after the operation to create a colostomy, three
months and six months after the operation. Data were collected from structured
interviews, which followed the Coping Responses Inventory (CRI), the Ostomy
Adjustment Scale (OAS), the Personal Resources Questionnaire 2000 (PRQ 2000), the
Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-
Colon (FACT-C). These data provided information on the participants' levels of coping
strategies, adjustment to a colostomy, social support, optimism and quality of life. Indepth
interviews with open-ended questions provided a deeper understanding of the
participants' experiences in relation to their colostomy.
Findings from quantitative data showed statistically significant changes in the
participants' quality of life over time, particularly in their physical and functional wellbeing.
An examination of the coping focus used (approach and avoidance) indicated that
participants utilised both approach and avoidance coping at the same time, although
approach coping was more common. Changes in the most frequently and the least
frequently used coping subtypes at six months after the operation were observed.
Correlation tests showed various relationships between the levels of quality of life
domains and coping subtypes as time passed. Multidimensional scaling procedures
uncovered a consistent pattern of coping which involved 'problem solving' and 'seeking
guidance and support'. Six major qualitative themes emerged through content analysis of
the in-depth interview data. The themes described how participants' psychological and
emotional concerns changed over time; the steady improvements in physical health after
the operation; the difficulties of adjusting to life with a stoma; facing up to the reality of
the new circumstances; the spiritual aspects of their lives; and the level of social support
experienced. Religious beliefs such as the 'Law of Kanna', as well as a variety of
religious rituals and other practices such as Buddhist chanting and "making merit" played
important roles in coping. The findings from the quantitative and qualitative data were
used in a complementary and confirmatory manner to provide a richer understanding of
the participants' experiences as they coped with this life changing event.
The findings of the study are significant as they provide important indicators for
improvements in nursing service, particularly the development of nursing procedures to
enhance the psychological aspects of care. In addition, they offer important indicators for
improvement of the nursing curriculum and directions for further research in Thai culture
and the health care system.
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Hsieh, Yu-Mei, and 謝堉梅. "An Exploration of Stress Coping Process." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39359484658703802399.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>特殊教育學系所<br>101<br>The purpose of this research was to explore the stress coping process of six
college students who are hard of hearing based on Lazarus and Folkman’s theory
of stress appraisal and coping. The qualitative research method was employed
and the data was collected by semi-structured interview. Furthermore,
the analysis and interpretation about the stressors, cognitive appraisals, coping
options were displayed. The conclusions of this research were summarized as
follows:
1. The pressure of college students who are hard of hearing mainly come from
schoolwork, future plan, family, interpersonal relationship, personality and
relationship with girlfriend/ boyfriend. Moreover, a stressful event may cause another one.
2. The stress of the college students who are hard of hearing was appraised harmful or overloading. In addition, one stress may include two or more stress appraisal.
3. Problem-focused and mixed strategies were adopted as the major coping strategies for most of the interviewees. However, when facing the interpersonal relationship or the situation contrary to their wishes, they adopted emotion-focused strategies.
4. The same coping strategies might be adopted by both male and female college students who are hard of hearing when facing stress. However, when facing the schoolwork ,female participants were more inclined to look for resource or support than male before adopting problem-focused strategies, while male participants tended to use problem-focused to solve their stressful difficulties independently.
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Klatt, John. "Investigating forgiveness longitudinally as the coping process unfolds." 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/56202578.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2004.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-100).
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Grina, Michaele E. "Examination stress and coping from a cognitive-process perspective." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38139.
Full textAbstract:
This study was designed to determine whether or not students'
emotions and coping would change during stages of an examination.
If changes in emotions and coping were recorded at different phases of
an examination, then these findings would substantiate the position that
stress and coping are processes. In addition, the research attempted
to determine whether or not mediating factors would influence students'
reactions to the examination encounter. The mediating factors that were
examined were personality traits, cognitive appraisals, stress emotions,
and coping strategies.
One hundred-seventeen student volunteers from four sections of
college mathematic classes participated in this study. They were asked
to complete four sets of questionnaires on their reactions to tests.
The instruments used for measuring personality traits were The
Reactions to Tests Scale (Test Anxiety), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale,
and the Test Efficacy Scale. Emotions were assessed with the Stress
Emotions Scale; cognitive appraisal was measured by The Stakes and
Difficulty of the Examination Scale; and coping was assessed by the
Ways of Coping Checklist.
Eleven hypotheses were tested in this study. The statistical
procedure for the first two hypotheses was the T test. In addition, a
Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was computed to test for significant
relationships for the remaining nine hypotheses. Regressions were
used for variables which showed significant correlations with the
personality trait measures in order to explain variations in emotions.
Seven of the null hypotheses were rejected. The following conclusions
we~e drawn from the study:
1. In some respects, stress and coping can be defined as a process.
2. The mediating factors, appraisal and coping, did influence the
students' emotional reactions to the examination.
3. The mediating factor, personality traits, did influence the
students' emotional and behavioral reactions to the examination.
In view of the findings, it is recommended that:
1. Further research be conducted on examination stress in order to
convincingly substantiate that stress and coping are processes.
2. Counselors and educators in higher education develop testing
procedures that facilitate students' test-taking ability.
3. Counseling services in higher education be designed to enhance
the performance and comfort level of highly test-anxious students.<br>Graduation date: 1987
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Lin, Chen-Ping, and 林真平. "Stress Coping Process of the College Students with Disabilities." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94912084843708374566.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立高雄師範大學<br>特殊教育學系<br>90<br>The purpose of this research was to explore the stress coping process of six college students with disabilities based on Lazarus and Folkman’s theory of stress appraisal and coping. The participants were four males and two females, among which three were visually impaired, two had physical disability and one had hearing impairment. The qualitative research method was employed and the data was gathered by in-depth interviews, personal documents and reflective journals.
The results indicated that the main stress events the participants encountered in their college life included four domains: academic, future plan, interpersonal relationship and family. Mainly the academic stress derived from the participants’ failure on achieving the academic requests. The uncertainty for the future employment was another stress faced by the participants. In addition, lacking of peers’ acceptance and identification was the major stress event of interpersonal relationship. The excessive concerns and expectations from some of the participants’ parents were also identified.
The cognitive appraisals of the different stress events, which the participants explicated, included hurt, loss, threat, challenge, conflict, overload and ambiguity or two or more of the above. This complexity revealed that the participants might not only adopt single cognitive appraisal. For instance, some participants were mentally hurt by other people’s attitude. Some might worry about their grades that caused the feeling of threat, whereas some took it as a challenge. Conflict of opinions between the participants and other people was also appraised as a stressful event.
The attributes of the coping strategies which the participants adopted include active coping, making plan, seeking social supports, redefining the situation, acceptance the fact, express the emotion and avoidance. The participants generally adopted active coping and seeking social supports. In the stress coping process, the participants sometimes adopted two or more strategies, which include problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies.
The conclusions of the participants’ stress coping outcomes showed that different participants using the same strategy might cause different outcomes. Social support has the positive function. When the participants predict that they couldn’t control the outcomes well, they generally adopted passive coping strategies. When the participants think that the event was caused by their disabilities, they generally appraised it as a stressful event. Obviously different kinds of disabilities were associated with different aspects of stress coping. And if the participants lacked of social skills, they usually had the stress on interpersonal relationship. If they couldn’t achieve the expectations, it would cause stress. Finally, if they had good social support systems, it could reduce their stress.
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Liao, Chia-Hui, and 廖佳慧. "The coping process of adult who confront career barriers." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29012297717519867320.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>社會教育研究所<br>92<br>The purpose of this research is to explore the coping process of adult who confront career barriers .
This research use the narrative approach to to collect narrative data and write life store about the coping process of adult who confront career barriers， and from “career motivation”、”supportive situational condition”、 “social-culture context” and “meaning” approach to discovery the development context of the coping process of adult who confront career barriers.
The results of this research are as follows:
1.Career motivation”、 “supportive situational
condition” 、“social-culture context” and“ the
discovering of meaning” is the the effect of the factors
that affect the way to coping career barriers .
2.“Re-evaluation” affect the coping strategies of career
barriers which can decrease the effect of emotion and the
problem-solving approach.
3.The situation of overcoming career barriers appears
different coping process.
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Selvig, Lisa Ann 1972. "Temperament in the coping process : a study of affect intensity, cognitive appraisals and coping strategies in adolescents." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/11768.
Full text
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Lin, Te-Ming, and 林德明. "The psychological coping process of female managers : An iring study." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67004754804319038275.
Full text
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Tsai, Hsin-Yuan, and 蔡心媛. "The Coping Process of Role Conflicts on School Social Workers." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13675206760598447358.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>東海大學<br>社會工作學系<br>102<br>School social workers have been confronted with the incongruity of role expectations and role ambiguity. Such difficulties have been around due to the service system, organization culture, profession identity during the 10-year development of social work in our country. Therefore, this thesis is aimed at dealing with the role conflict experiences and coping process of school social workers in order to comprehend the situation, solution and influence on the social worker’s individual, clients and colleagues. The following are the two research purposes of this thesis. First, by probing in to the experience and influence of dealing with role conflicts, we may provide school social workers with different points of view. Second, we may reflect upon the limitations and potentials of professional school-social-work education and development through understanding the role conflict experiences of school social workers.
This research applied the Qualitative Research Method, interviewing seven school social workers in the northern part of Taiwan by purposive sampling. It is found that the role conflict of school social workers goes through four stages of interactive process, in which role formation occurs as well. Clients of dropouts and deviation behavior especially lead to school social workers’ opposition to the system. School social workers belong to the subordinate section of the educational system, which makes them subject to and suppressed by the role conflicts of interdependence. Accordingly, the adaptive strategies that school social workers apply have much to do with the individual and organization factors as well as the relationship with the schools. In general, school social workers turn to team cooperation as their adaptive strategies. They apply and integrate diverse ways of solution strategically, which belongs to Generalist Strategies. It was also found that role conflict, resulting in the mental stress of school social workers as it may be, facilitate the mutual understanding of school social workers and school faculties. According to the above-mentioned research findings, this research purposes reflections on the system, development and profession education of school social work nowadays.
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Liu, Wei-Cheng, and 劉威成. "The process of coping sex prejudice for femininity adult men." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53289136677324651815.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>輔導與諮商研究所<br>92<br>Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of coping sex prejudice for femininity adult men. The data were collected and analyzed by semi-structured in-depth interviews with four male adults who were suffered from sex prejudice because of their femininity.
Under their different sufferings and influences of sex prejudice, each participant had his unique life story and coping process. With the phases of growth, their coping styles depended on the evaluation of sex prejudice and its surroundings. This study not only showed their sufferings, influences, and coping styles in sex prejudice, but discussed their personal coping phases and important issues.
In spite of their differences, they still experienced three common phases during the process of coping sex prejudice. Enduring sex prejudice from others with self-abnegation and conflicts was the first phase. Seeking for social expectation and identity by denying themselves was the second phase. Accepting themselves to develop their strength was the third phase.
Furthermore, seven characteristics were also found from their coping process: 1) it is not allowed for males to show femininity in our culture; 2) the negative influences of sex prejudice were in unison and had phases of development; 3) the significant others were key elements during the coping process, including acceptation from teachers and supporting from peers; besides, ignoring of family members was also needed to be considered; 4) the cognition on femininity was changed by the development of coping phases; 5) new knowledge about gender was the power to change the cognition on femininity and reframe their experiences; 6) adopting self-defense mechanisms in interpersonal relationship and making friends selectively were both to protect themselves; 7) the process of coping sex prejudice was similar to the course of pursuing self-identity and resiliency.
According to the findings, suggestions for femininity adult men, teachers, counselors, educational administrations, the public, and future studies were provided. The reflection on researcher’s own life and experiences was also recorded in this study.
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Lan, Tseng Li-Chuan, and 曾麗娟. "The process of parent’s coping with their homosexual children's "come out"." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79936013492446885639.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>玄奘大學<br>應用心理學系碩士班<br>95<br>This study explores adaptation process taken by the homosexual’s parents in terms of purposive sampling after the parents learn that their children are “coming out” homosexuals. The sample is based upon six parents whose kids are either gay or lesbian, and proceeds with semi-structured in-depth interview. The result will then be further analyzed.
The analyzed result is divided into four parts: First, individual response process after kid’s “coming out” and individual issue: Second, common response to the fact that kids are homosexual; Third, common issue and phenomenon shared by these six parents; Fourth, important elements in the response process.
As the study shows, these six parents have adapted different attitude toward their “coming out” kids, and individual issues have separately emerged during the response process. However, they share four common coping phases: 1) chaotic and disorder phase; 2) struggling and resisting phase; 3) facing, solving or growing phase; 4) balance-searching and adjusting phase.
There are three common issues: 1) the omnipresence of rigid and stereotyped sexual concept; 2) homosexual identification is a future testing issue in the face of norms of family and cultural values; 3) endure the isolation derived from being as a legal disadvantage and from the stigma given by the society. Moreover, there are four phenomena: 1) reproduction of patriarchy and system-abiding; 2) parents’self- awareness and changes due to the homosexual kids; 3) the lopsidedness and re-balance of the parent-kid relationship; fourth, fatalism discourse.
Seven coping elements are brought about: 1) individual life resilience; 2) witnessing successful response case; 3) mutual support from partner or friends, or guide from elders; 4) realization of and closeness to the homosexuals; 5) interpretation of the fact and transformation; 6) the desire to maintain the relationship between parents and kids; 7) comfort from religious faith.
The researcher thus elaborates upon the information and gives a detailed discussion, presenting in the meanwhile researcher’s retrospection, and entering suggestions to parents who have homosexual kids, family, homosexuals, counselors and future possible studies.
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Ya-Hua, Yang, and 楊雅華. "Children''s coping process in experincing parental separation-- From strength perspectives." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33899758477229543535.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>東吳大學<br>社會工作學系<br>91<br>Most single-parent family research has concentrated on the problems and disadvantages brought to children, whereas little attention has been given to the positive effects derive from the single-parent families. This study tried to find out how children of separated parents cope with the life transition after their parents divorced from strength perspective.
Qualitative research method was adopted to probe the in-depth experiences and feelings of the children of separated parents. Researcher interviewed 6 elementary school children from forth to sixth-grade and carefully interpreted their narration. Major findings are as follows. Children of separated parents perceive their life transition from the family relationship, family life, and environmental changes. Their coping skills seem to be passive, such as avoidance, distraction, or emotional expression, which can also be regarded as the self-protective and functional ways in certain situations. The most important finding is that children of separated parents develop their inner strengths and resource networks while they are confronting challenges and coping with the life transitions.
The strength perspectives and parenthood-centered working models are suggested to use for helping single-parent families and their children.
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Tang, Shiu Ya, and 湯琇雅. "A Research of Marital Violence and Coping Process of Abused Women." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90697079484045789029.
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Ho, Hsueh-Lin, and 何雪綾. "The Stress Coping Process of Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64587958773751475180.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>心理學研究所<br>96<br>Except for somatic, cognitive, and emotional symptoms caused by head injury, patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) suffered from many other psychosocial problems as well. Many researchers had tried to interpret the individual differences of posttraumatic adjustment by neuropathological factors, but received unsatisfied result. Considered that problems faced by traumatic brain injury patients involved different aspects, Kendal and Terry (1996) suggested that Stress-Coping Model was an appropriated viewpoint to understand adjustments of traumatic brain injury patients. Based on bio-psycho-social perspective and Stress-Coping Model, a case study with 2 mTBI patients proceeded. The 2 patients received neuropsychological evaluation and interviews separately. Texts of interview were processed in accordance with content analysis method. Results revealed that there might be two levels of stress-coping processes presented simultaneously. The 2 levels were “coping with symptoms and other related stressors” and “making meaning out of head injury experience”. There might be some interactions between the 2 levels of processes. Besides, factors such as “patterns of physical damage and cognitive deficit” and “social support” might play important roles in those processes.
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Li, Yuh Fen, and 李鈺玢. "Illness coping process of Type 1 Diabetes children and their caregivers." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96534887751656137114.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>長庚大學<br>商管專業學院碩士學位學程在職專班醫務管理組<br>103<br>The purpose of this study is to explore the results of the adaptation process of children with Type 1 diabetes and their primary caregivers, by using the qualitative research method. A total of nine children and their primary caregivers from the outpatient clinic and ward of the Metabolic Division in a medical center in Northern Taiwan were recruited. In addition to the interveiw, basic information concerning the patients and their caregivers were collected from the childrens’ medical records.
Findings showed that: (1) Those whose HbA1c is better controlled had better adaptation to the disease; (2) In dealing with the disease, if the primary caregivers and children adopted positive responses towards problems, they would have better adaptation to the disease; (3) The primary caregivers that had a good support system adapted to the disease better, and the children received better care; (4) If the primary caregivers could adapt well, the children would have better adaptability as well.
The research recommendations are: (1) Provide time for resilience; (2) share the experiences of other patients and support groups; (3) engage in high-risk case referrals and strengthen counseling; (4) establish self-care rules and goals to be followed by the whole family; (5) deal with the disease with a positive attitude and through cooperative learning and companionship; (6) continue to offer care and assistance throughout different stages of growth; (7) communicate with the school in advance and pay attention to school life; (8) the school need to takes the initiative to provide assistance related to the administration of insulin; (9) advocate the proper conceptualization concerning Type 1 diabetes; (10) raise public acceptance towards Type 1 diabetes.
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Tzeng, Hsiang, and 曾翔. "Intern Student’s Disturbances and Coping Strategies through the Process of Interning." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57599479646240320466.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立屏東教育大學<br>教育學系<br>100<br>The main purpose of this research is to understand the disturbances and coping strategies against the disturbance through the process of Interning, and interview nine intern student’s who interned in the one hundredth year of R.O.C for achieving the targets.Personal interview and document analyses are methods used to investigate subjects’ disturbances and strategies during their internship.
The major findings of this study are two parts.The first part is the disturbances during the internship, and the second part is the coping strategies against he disturbances.The disturbance during the internship in teaching is that intern student’s not have enough experience and led to can not control the process of teaching by themself and have bad effect on student’s ; Intern student’s lack the experience of teaching the student’s who fall behind and exceptional student’s , and led to can not control the process of teaching and discipline student’s; intern student’s teaching is restricted by the deficiency of teaching resources in school ; the curriculums arranged by institution of teacher education can not conform to the real educational situation and in this way make intern student’s can not resolve the educational problems.Intern student’s have too much extra workload and led to not have enough time to arrange. The disturbance of carrer planning is that intern student’s have no time to prepare teacher exam.
The coping strategies against disturbances in teaching are that use the experience that intern student’s have ever learned, ask a help by classroom teacher, preview the lesson and search resources to strengthen knowledge, reflect by myself and be passive to accept.The strategies of workload are that be passive to accept,have a postitive attitude to think and complain with somebody. The strategies against disturbances in career planning are that use free time to study, do outdoor sports to relax, let nature take its course and reflect.
According to the research result, the study provides come suggestions regarding intern schools, mentor teachers, teacher training institution , intern student’s and future research.