Journal articles: 'Coombs'

1

Rowse, Tim. "Coombs the Keynesian." History of Economics Review 30, no. 1 (January 1999): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10370196.1999.11733316.

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2

Matthews, Jennifer, and Susie Newton. "The Coombs Test." Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 14, no. 2 (March 29, 2010): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/10.cjon.143-145.

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3

Fye, W. Bruce. "Carey F. Coombs." Clinical Cardiology 15, no. 11 (November 1992): 868–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960151115.

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4

Rowse, Tim. "'The Responsive Public Servant': Coombs the Man, Coombs the Report." Australian Journal of Public Administration 61, no. 1 (March 2002): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.00263.

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5

N, Bhatnagar. "Evan’s Syndrome - A Case Report." Haematology International Journal 4, no. 2 (2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/hij-16000174.

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Evan’s syndrome is a rare and chronic autoimmune disease characterised by autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura with a positive Coomb’s test in the absence of an underlying etiology. Majority of the patients with this syndrome have a chronic relapsing course and significant morbidity and mortality despite treatment. We present a case of a 22 year old female, in which, based on the clinical features, Coombs test, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, a diagnosis of Evans syndrome was made.

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6

Orduña, Antonio, Ana Almaraz, Ana Prado, M. Purificación Gutierrez, Agustina Garcia-Pascual, Ana Dueñas, Milagros Cuervo, et al. "Evaluation of an Immunocapture-Agglutination Test (Brucellacapt) for Serodiagnosis of Human Brucellosis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 11 (2000): 4000–4005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.11.4000-4005.2000.

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We evaluated the validity and the usefulness of a new test for the diagnosis of human brucellosis based on an immunocapture-agglutination technique. A total of 315 sera from 82 patients with a diagnosis of brucellosis, 157 sera from patients in whom brucellosis was suspected but not confirmed, and 412 sera from people living in rural areas with endemic brucellosis were studied. The seroagglutination test (SAT), Coombs anti-Brucella test, and Brucellacapt test were evaluated. All the initial sera from the 82 patients proved to be positive in Brucellacapt and Coombs tests, while only 75 (91.4%) were positive in the SAT. If a ≥1/160 diagnostic threshold titer was defined for the Brucellacapt test, Coombs test, and SAT, the sensitivities were 95.1, 91.5, and 65.8%, respectively. Taking the same diagnostic threshold titer for the 157 sera from the unconfirmed but suspected patients, the specificities of the Brucellacapt, Coombs, and SAT were 81.5, 96.2, and 100%, respectively; for the 412 control sera, the specificities were 99.0, 99.8, and 100%. The diagnostic efficiency (area below the receiver operating characteristic curve) of Brucellacapt was 0.987852 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95109 to 0.99286), very similar to the diagnostic efficiency of the Coombs test (0.97611; 95% CI, 0.94781 to 0.99146) and higher than that of SAT (0.91013; 95% CI, 0.86649 to 0.94317). The results of the Brucellacapt test were compared with those of the Coombs test (correlation coefficient, 0.956; P= 0.000) and SAT (correlation coefficient, 0.866; P = 0.000). The study shows very good correlation between the Brucellacapt and Coombs tests, with a high concordance between titers obtained in the two tests. Nevertheless, lower correlation and concordance were found between the Brucellacapt and Coombs tests when the results for titers of ≥1/160 were compared (0.692; P = 0.000). In acute brucellosis, the Brucellacapt and Coombs tests render positive titers of ≥1/160. When the titers are lower, they increase significantly in the following 30 days, despite the evolution of SAT titers. In contrast, Brucellacapt and Coombs titers are always high (≥1/640) in brucellosis with long evolution, whether SAT titers are higher or lower than 1/160.

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7

Kaufman, Matthew S., Yehuda Z. Lebowicz, Nancy Driscoll, Christina Johnson, Dale Janson, Angelica Caramanica, Rajasree Roy, et al. "A Combination of Rituxan, Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone (RCD) Results in Long-Lasting Responses in Autoimmune Anemia and Thrombocytopenia in CLL Patients: A Single Institution Study." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2832.2832.

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Abstract Coombs positive hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are well-known complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL). Both are autoimmune phenomena thought to be byproducts of the immune system dysregulation manifested in patients with CLL. Rituxan, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone(RCD) are known to effectively target lymphocytes and inhibit autoimmune processes. We present our data analyzing 18 CLL patients with one or both of these autoimmune processes treated with the RCD regimen between 1998 and 3/2006. These patients consisted of 15 with AIHA alone, 2 with both AIHA and ITP and one with ITP alone. The RCD cycle consisted of rituximab 375mg/m2 iv infusion given on day 1, cyclophosphamide 750–1000mg/m2 iv (depending on CLL tumor burden) on day 2, and dexamethasone 12 mg iv on days 1 and 2, and orally days 3 through 7. These cycles were repeated at intervals of 3–4 weeks, depending upon recovery of blood counts. All 18 patients responded to treatment in terms of hgb, platelets or both. For the first episodes of AIHA (n=17) mean starting hgb was 8.1g/dL (range 4.0–12.1) and mean post-treatment hgb was 13.2 g/dL(range 10.0–15.4)(Table 1). The three patients with ITP had a platelet increase from nadirs of 1,000, 1,000 and 14,000 to 408,000, 161,000 and 135,000, respectively. Mean duration of initial response was 22 months (range 6–41). Nine patients relapsed and were retreated with RCD. Again, all 9 responded, and had a mean increase in hgb of 5.1g/dL (range 1.4–7.7) with a mean duration of second response of 16 months(range 3–33). Overall, median survival from initiation of RCD was 70 months (95% CI; 46 to an upper limit not-yet determinable, with follow-up to 8/2006). Of 8 patients with post-treatment Coombs data available for the first episode of AIHA, 4 (50%) converted to Coombs negativity (Table2) and had a mean duration of response of 23.0 months (range 12–41) vs 8.8 months for those who did not convert(range 6–11). In all AIHA episodes (including repeat episodes) with post-treatment Coombs data available (n=18), 6 of 18 (33%) converted to Coombs negativity. The mean duration of response was 19.8 months (range 6–41) for all episodes with conversion to Coombs negativity, vs 7.0 months for those without(range 3–12). This finding that Coombs conversion portends a longer duration of response suggests treatment goals for AIHA should be a conversion to Coombs negative, and not stopped with recovery of hgb. Table 1. Hemoglobin response to RCD N Mean Std Deviation Min Hgb Max Hgb at start episode 1 17 8.1 g/dL 2.1 4.0 g/dL 12.1 g/dL Hgb at end episode 1 17 13.2 g/dL 1.4 10.0 g/dL 15.4 g/dL Hgb delta episode 1 17 5.1 g/dL 2.3 1.7 g/dL 10.2 g/dL Hgb at start episode 2 9 8.4 g/dL 2.3 5.3 g/dL 12.2 g/dL Hgb at end episode 2 9 13.5 g/dL 1.4 12.3 g/dL 16.6 g/dL Hgb delta episode 2 9 5.1 g/dL 2.1 1.4 g/dL 7.7 g/dL Table 2. Post-treatment Coombs status and response duration N Mean duration of response (in months) Post-treatment Coombs negativity in episode 1 4 22.2 (range 12-41) Post-treatment Coombs positivity in episode 1 4 8.8 (range 6-11) Post-treatment Coombs negativity in all episodes 6 19.8 (range 6-41) Post-treatment Coombs positivity in all episodes 12 7.1 (range 3-12)

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8

Casanova, Aurora, Javier Ariza, Manuel Rubio, Cristina Masuet, and Ramón Díaz. "BrucellaCapt versus Classical Tests in the Serological Diagnosis and Management of Human Brucellosis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 6 (April 15, 2009): 844–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00348-08.

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ABSTRACT The BrucellaCapt test is an immunocapture agglutination test suggested as a possible substitute for the Coombs test in the diagnosis of human brucellosis. Here it is compared with classical tests using 321 samples from 48 patients with brucellosis (6.9 ± 1.7 samples per patient), including 20 patients with focal disease and 8 patients with a total of 9 relapse episodes (mean follow-up, 18 months). The BrucellaCapt test was used according to the manufacturer's instructions, and we also used a variant of the BrucellaCapt test in which the microtiter plates were not coated with antibodies against total human immunoglobulin (BCAPV). The correlation between the BrucellaCapt and BCAPV tests was 0.982 (P < 0.001), with 260 coincident pairs of titers (81%). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the BrucellaCapt and BCAPV tests with respect to the Coombs test were 0.969 and 0.960, respectively. Upon admission, the BrucellaCapt, BCAPV, and Coombs tests and the microagglutination test (MAT) were positive for all cases: titers were 1/2,560 by the BrucellaCapt test, 1/2,560 by the BCAPV test, 1/1,280 by the Coombs test, and 1/320 by the MAT. The decreases in the BrucellaCapt and BCAPV titers over time were pronounced in comparison with the Coombs titers. Cumulative probabilities of persistence 12 months after therapy were as follows: 80% by the BrucellaCapt test, 80% by the BCAPV test, 87% by the Coombs test, and 35% by the MAT. Serological changes during relapse were detected in seven cases (88%) by the Coombs test, in five cases by the BrucellaCapt and BCAPV tests, and in three cases by the MAT. The BrucellaCapt test is a sensitive, specific, and simple test for routine use in human brucellosis. Similar results were obtained with the BCAPV test. However, in some cases of relapse and chronic forms of the disease, the slight changes observed in low-affinity antibodies alone are better detected by the Coombs test.

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9

Jaime-Pérez, J. C., and C. Almaguer-Gaona. "Rediscovering the Coombs test." Medicina Universitaria 18, no. 72 (July 2016): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmu.2016.07.001.

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10

Haghdoost, Mehdi, Lily Ansari, and Hamid Owaysee Osquee. "Comparison of Brucellacapture and Coombs wright and Wright in the diagnosis of Brucellosis." Journal of Research in Clinical Medicine 9, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jrcm.2021.0015.

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Introduction: Rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disease can have many effects on the healing and recovery of patients, so we decided to investigate the accuracy of Brucella capture diagnosis with Coombs-Wright in patients with brucellosis. Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive and on patients who were referred to clinics with symptoms of brucellosis. Blood samples were taken from all patients. Patient information including age, sex, response to Coombs, Coombs Wright, and Brucella capture tests, as well as patient response to treatment, were entered into a pre-prepared checklist. After obtaining laboratory tests for serological tests, patients were finally included in all patient information, including demographic information, laboratory tests, and analyzed by SPSS v16. Results: This study was performed on 91 patients with brucellosis with a mean age of 34.6 years and 75.8% male. In this study, 84.6% of patients showed a positive Coombs test and 26.4% of patients showed a titer of 1.80. 85.7% of the patients showed positive Coombs Wright test and 29.7% of the patients had a titer of 160.1. In the study of Brucella capture tests in patients, 98.9% of patients showed a positive test, of which 34.1% had a titer of 1.60% of the test. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Brucella capture test is a powerful test for the diagnosis of brucellosis, and in the same condition, patients are more likely to be diagnosed with two Wright and Coombs-Wright tests.

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11

Hanaoka, H., H. Iida, T. Kiyokawa, Y. Takakuwa, and K. Kawahata. "A positive direct Coombs’ test in the absence of hemolytic anemia predicts high disease activity and poor renal response in systemic lupus erythematosus." Lupus 27, no. 14 (October 25, 2018): 2274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203318809182.

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We determined the clinical utility of the direct Coombs’ test in the absence of hemolytic anemia as an indicator of disease activity and therapeutic response in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE patients without hemolytic anemia who visited our hospital from January 2016 to November 2016 were retrospectively evaluated with a direct Coombs’ test. Clinical features, including SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), treatment and laboratory findings were analyzed. For patients with lupus nephritis, we additionally evaluated the cumulative complete renal response rate over one year after induction therapy. Among 182 patients evaluated, 10 (5.8%) patients had a positive direct Coombs’ test in the absence of hemolytic anemia. They had a higher SLEDAI ( p < 0.01), higher circulating immune complex levels ( p = 0.01), higher anti-DNA titers ( p < 0.01) and a lower complete renal response rate ( p = 0.03) compared with those who were negative. Multivariate analysis indicated that SLEDAI was an independent factor correlated with the direct Coombs’ test without hemolytic anemia (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.66–4.98, p < 0.01). A positive direct Coombs’ test in the absence of hemolytic anemia may therefore represent a useful biomarker for assessing disease activity and therapeutic response.

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12

Fu, Rong, Jizi Deng, Shang Yuan, Lu Gong, Jun Sun, and Zonghong Shao. "The Auto-Antibodies on Bone Marrow Cells in the Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 3856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3856.3856.

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Abstract Objective:To explore the pathogenesis of cytopenia in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the auto-antibodies on bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMBC) in the patients with SLE were determined. Methods:Twenty one patients with SLE and ten healthy controls were enrolled in this study. BMMNC Coombs test was used to determine the aotoantibodies. The correlation between the types of auto-antibodies on BMMNC, the types of serum auto-antibodies and the counts of blood cells in the patients with SLE were also investigated. Results:Positive results of BMMBC-Coombs test were seen in 12 patients with SLE (57.1%), among them, 10 with hemocytopenia (58.82%), and 2 without hemocytopenia (50%). The positive rate of BMMNC Coombs test was higher in the patients with SLE than that in healthy controls, and was higher in SLE patients with hemocytopenia than that in healthy controls. There were no significant difference of BMMNC-Coombs positive rate between the SLE patients without hemocytopenia and healthy controls, and there were also no significant differences between the SLE patients without hemocytopenia and SLE patients with hemocytopenia. In the 12 SLE patients with positive BMMBC-Coombs tests, IgM auto-antibody accounted for 75.0%, and C3 50.0%, IgG 8.33%, IgG+IgM 8.33%, C3+IgM 16.67%, IgG+IgM+C3 16.67%. In the SLE patients without hemocytopenia, IgG+IgM accounted for 8.33%, C3 8.33%, but IgA autoantibody were not seen in any case. There was a significant positive correlation between the auto-antibodies on BMMNC and peripheral anti-SSA, but there was no significant correlation between the results of BMMBC Coombs tests and peripheral blood cell counts. Conclusion:There were auto-antibodies on BMMNC in the patients with SLE. The hemocytopenia in the patients with SLE maybe resulted from the destructions of bone marrow hematopoietic cells by the autoantibodies.

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13

Leake, Bernard Elgey. "DOUGLAS SAXON COOMBS (1924–2016)." Mineralogical Magazine 82, no. 1 (February 2018): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2018.63.

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14

Fenner, F., and SF Harris. "Herbert Cole Coombs 1906-1997." Historical Records of Australian Science 13, no. 1 (2000): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr0001310067.

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15

Howson, S. "Nugget Coombs: A Reforming Life." History of Political Economy 38, no. 2 (May 22, 2006): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-2005-011.

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16

Dawes, Robyn M., and Amos Tversky. "Clyde Hamilton Coombs (1912–1988)." American Psychologist 44, no. 11 (1989): 1415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0091910.

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17

Pincock, Stephen. "Robert Royston Amos (Robin) Coombs." Lancet 367, no. 9518 (April 2006): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68528-0.

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Konugres, Angelyn A. "Robert Royston Amos (Robin) Coombs." Transfusion 46, no. 10 (October 2006): 1845–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.01015.x.

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19

Meyer, F., and M. Raba. "Le test de Coombs direct." Revue Française des Laboratoires 1996, no. 282 (February 1996): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0338-9898(96)80277-0.

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Sgro, M., D. Campbell, and V. Shah. "Coombs' testing and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia." Canadian Medical Association Journal 176, no. 7 (March 27, 2007): 973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1060213.

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21

Wainer, S., J. Rabi, and M. Lyon. "Coombs' testing and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia." Canadian Medical Association Journal 176, no. 7 (March 27, 2007): 972–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1060214.

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Sgro, M., D. Campbell, and V. Shah. "Coombs' testing and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia." Canadian Medical Association Journal 176, no. 7 (March 27, 2007): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1060244.

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23

Shah, Janki, Jessica Sarmiento, Kevin Rabii, and Nazish Ilyas. "COOMBS-POSITIVE THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA." Chest 156, no. 4 (October 2019): A2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.2154.

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24

Díaz, R., J. Ariza, I. Alberola, A. Casanova, and M. F. Rubio. "Secondary Serological Response of Patients with Chronic Hepatosplenic Suppurative Brucellosis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, no. 11 (August 30, 2006): 1190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00086-06.

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ABSTRACT Chronic hepatosplenic suppurative brucellosis (CHSB) is a local reactivation of a previous brucellosis, coursing with an immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA secondary immunological response. The observation of two cases of CHSB with an apparent IgM response gave rise to a detailed serological study of three of our patients. We studied the first sample from all three patients and successive samples from two of them. In cases 1 and 2, we found samples with positive IgM lateral flow and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results concomitantly with rheumatoid factor (RF); after absorption with anti-RF serum, these results were rendered negative. In patients 2 and 3 the diagnosis of brucellosis was delayed, because none of the test results were initially very significant. However, a clear seroconversion of IgG antibodies was observed in subsequent months; titers of the Brucellacapt and Coombs tests increased in similar ways, although Brucellacapt decreased more rapidly than Coombs, which persisted at high titers for years. In patient 3 a relapse was observed in the fourth year of follow-up, detected by Coombs and also by IgG lateral flow and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), although not by the rose bengal, agglutination, or Brucellacapt tests. Serological changes in CHSB may sometimes be mild and are detected mainly by the Coombs test. Brucellacapt does not offer additional information, although IgG lateral flow and CIEP may be of some use. Careful surveillance of titer changes in the Coombs test is the best marker of infection activity. As the disease progresses, an intense IgG response may develop and RF sometimes appears, simulating an IgM response.

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Kikuchi, Shuichi, Hirofumi Amano, Eri Amano, Liliane Fossati-Jimack, Marie-Laure Santiago-Raber, Thomas Moll, Akinori Ida, Brian L. Kotzin, and Shozo Izui. "Identification of 2 major loci linked to autoimmune hemolytic anemia in NZB mice." Blood 106, no. 4 (August 15, 2005): 1323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-02-0558.

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AbstractUsing a cohort of C57BL/6 (B6) × (NZB × B6)F1 backcross male mice bearing the Yaa (Y-linked autoimmune acceleration) mutation, we mapped and characterized the NZB-derived susceptibility loci predisposing to the development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA). Our analysis identified 2 major loci on NZB chromosome 7 and chromosome 1 linked with Coombs antierythrocyte autoantibody production, and their contributions were confirmed by the analysis of B6.Yaa mice (B6 mice bearing the Yaa mutation) congenic for each NZB-derived susceptibility interval. A newly identified Aia3 (autoimmune anemia 3) locus present on NZB chromosome 7 selectively regulated Coombs antibody responses, while the second locus, directly overlapping with Nba2 (NZB autoimmunity 2) on chromosome 1, promoted the development of AHA, likely as part of its effect on overall production of lupus autoantibodies. A higher incidence of Coombs antibody production in B6.Aia3 congenic mice (B6 mice bearing the NZB-Aia3 locus) than B6.Nba2 mice (B6 mice bearing the NZB-Nba2 locus) indicated a major role for Aia3 in AHA. Notably, lack of expansion of B1 cells in B6.Aia3 congenic mice argued against the involvement of this subset in AHA. Finally, our analysis of BC mice also demonstrated the presence of a B6-derived H2-linked locus on chromosome 17 that apparently regulated the production of Coombs antibodies as a result of its overall autoimmune promoting effect.

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Sreekumar, Vani, and Mangaiyarkarasi . "Childhood Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Direct Coombs Test Positive in the Absence of Hemolytic Anemia – A Rare Case Report." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 8, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): C105–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.3038.

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus being a chronic autoimmune multisystem inflammatory disease, affects predominantly women of reproductive age group. Childhood – Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a rare disease with an incidence of 10% - 20%. Positive direct Coombs test in the absence of hemolytic anemia indicates high disease activity and severe renal damage. Herein we report a case of 11-year-old female child diagnosed as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with positive direct Coombs test in absence of hemolytic anemia which is very rare.

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Stojčić, Ornela, Marijana Marijanović, and Jadranka Knežević. "HEMOLITIČKA BOLEST NOVOROĐENČETA: DIREKTNI COOMBS TEST." Zdravstveni glasnik, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47960/2303-8616.2016.4.83.

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Gabor, E. Peter, and Leonard S. Goldberg. "Levodopa Induced Coombs Positive Haemolytic Anaemia." Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 11, no. 3 (April 24, 2009): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1973.tb00117.x.

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Hendrickson, Jeanne E., and Christopher A. Tormey. "COVID-19 and the Coombs test." Blood 136, no. 6 (August 6, 2020): 655–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020007483.

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Kay, A. B. "Professor Robin Coombs FRS (1921-2006)." Clinical Experimental Allergy 36, no. 6 (June 2006): 687–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02510.x.

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Khan, S. "Clinical utility of the Coombs test." Canadian Medical Association Journal 175, no. 8 (October 10, 2006): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1060049.

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Kay, A. B. "Professor Robin Coombs FRS (1921–2006)." Vox Sanguinis 91, no. 2 (August 2006): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00811.x.

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Röth, Alexander, Sven Peine, and Ulrich Dührsen. "Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria turning Coombs-positive." International Journal of Hematology 91, no. 2 (February 9, 2010): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12185-010-0493-0.

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Kelner, Merrijoy, and Carolyn Rosenthal. "Postgraduate Medical Training, Stress, and Marriage." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 1 (February 1986): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378603100105.

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In a pilot study, 20 interviews were conducted with married female interns and residents and their spouses in order to explore both positive effects of spousal support and negative effects of additional role obligations during medical training. The marital state has been shown to be related to lowered levels of stress. Past studies of medical marriage have focused on male physicians and their wives. However, marriage and parenthood impact differently on women than men, and thus on women physicians. To explore these differences, our findings are contrasted with findings on male medical students and their wives by R. Coombs. Compared to our subjects, Coombs found spouses were either housewives or held lower level jobs rather than demanding careers, and consequently our subjects experienced greater difficulty meeting demands of everyday life (cooking, cleaning, child care). Coombs’ wives showed greater vicarious identification with the goals and satisfactions of the physician in-training; greater feelings of obligation to nurture, support and make sacrifices on behalf of their spouses; and less resentment toward the current system of medical training. They stressed the nurturing aspect of marital support rather than instrumental aspects. Subjects in both studies feared growing apart but while Coombs’ wives feared being outgrown intellectually, our husbands were critical of their wives’ narrowness of interests. Subjects in both studies believed marriage provided benefits (intimacy, support, affection, sex) but also complained of the negative impact of exhausting and emotionally draining medical training. Implications of findings for reducing the stress of medical training are discussed.

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Dispenza, Melanie C. "Classification of hypersensitivity reactions." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 40, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2019.40.4274.

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As the primary defense against pathogens, the immune system uses numerous strategies to ensure optimal protection for the host. When immune responses go awry, however, they can cause great damage. “Hypersensitivity” is a broad term used to describe an excessive and/or pathogenic immune response to either foreign or self antigens. Gell and Coombs were the first to categorize hypersensitivity reactions into 4 types according to pathophysiology, but more recent insights into the mechanisms of these disorders have since modified the original classification system. This review describes the immune mechanisms involved in each of the modern Gell-Coombs categories.

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Greeley, E. H., M. Segre, and D. Segre. "Modulation of autoimmunity in NZB mice by cyclophosphamide-induced, nonspecific suppressor cells." Journal of Immunology 134, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.2.847.

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Abstract A group of NZB mice received six biweekly injections of cyclophosphamide-induced nonspecific suppressor cells, with treatment commencing at 2 mo of age. Mice were evaluated for Coombs and natural thymocytotoxic antibody at 6-wk intervals thereafter, and for anti-DNA autoantibodies, total IgM and IgG levels, and renal histology at selected time points. The administration of suppressor cells resulted in marked and prolonged suppression of both Coombs and natural thymocytotoxic antibody reactivity in the majority of animals while not measurably affecting the levels of anti-DNA autoantibodies, the total IgM and IgG levels, or the life span of the mice.

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Watkins, PE. "From glanders to globulins: A study in comparative medicine." Journal of Medical Biography 25, no. 2 (August 25, 2015): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772015601567.

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The anti-globulin test was described in 1945, and ever since has been synonymous with the lead author, Robin Coombs, a young veterinary surgeon, at that time embarking on a career in immunological research. This was marked by a number of important contributions in the field, including the description and categorisation of hypersensitivity reactions, co-authored with Philip Gell. Together they wrote the classical text, Clinical Aspects of Immunology, which has been updated and republished over the ensuing 50 years. Although Robin Coombs is best remembered for his contributions to medical immunology, he made a number of significant early advances in the field of veterinary immunology.

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Inglis, I. R. "Testing for Uni-Dimensional Scaling of Stimuli Used in Preference Experiments." Animal Welfare 3, no. 1 (February 1994): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600016377.

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AbstractMany animal preference experiments involve test stimuli that have been chosen by the experimenter to represent different strengths of a single attribute. It is assumed that the animals also scale the test stimuli along a single dimension. This paper shows how it is possible to use the ‘Unfolding Technique' developed by Coombs (1964) to check the validity of this assumption. A simple experiment is described which used Coombs' technique to verify that three visual test stimuli were ranked by laboratory rats along a single dimension. These stimuli were subsequently used in an experiment to see how different housing conditions changed rats' preferences for visual complexity.

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Konugres, Angelyn A. "IN MEMORIAM: Robert Royston Amos (Robin) Coombs." Immunohematology 22, no. 3 (2020): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2019-373.

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Tyshkov, Misha, Stuart Berezin, Somasundaram Jayabose, Howard Bostwick, Mark Glassman, and Leonard Newman. "Coombs-Positive Hemolytic Anemia Preceding Ulcerative Proctitis." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 13, no. 2 (August 1991): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199108000-00014.

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Custodio, Haidee, Ayesha Mirza, and Mobeen Rathore. "Pneumonia, Anemia, and a Positive Coombs Test." Clinical Pediatrics 50, no. 3 (March 31, 2010): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922810366735.

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Overmann, Jed A., Leslie C. Sharkey, Doug J. Weiss, and Dori L. Borjesson. "Performance of 2 microtiter canine Coombs' tests." Veterinary Clinical Pathology 36, no. 2 (June 2007): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2007.tb00205.x.

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POULSEN, LENE O., LEIF FREUND, KIRSTEN LYLLOFF, and NIELS GRUNNET. "Positive Coombs' Test Associated with Ulcerative Colitis." Acta Medica Scandinavica 223, no. 1 (April 24, 2009): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb15767.x.

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Galster, R. W. "Memorial to Howard A. Coombs (1906 - 1990)." Environmental & Engineering Geoscience xxvii, no. 3 (August 1, 1990): 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxvii.3.387.

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Webb, S. David. "Review of Coombs, Large Mammalian Clawed Herbivore." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 5, no. 2 (June 1985): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1985.10011855.

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Gérôme, P., F. Pasquet, B. Foucher, M. P. Otto, P. Debourdeau, P. Bricca, and M. Pavic. "Anémie hémolytique auto-immune à Coombs IgA quatre ans après une anémie hémolytique auto-immune à Coombs IgG." Transfusion Clinique et Biologique 19, no. 4-5 (November 2012): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2012.08.071.

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Rashid, Arsala, Mukarrama Rashid, Nabila Aslam, Huma Sheikh, Ambareen Kashif, and Ayesha Khanum. "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Autoimmune Presentations in A tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore." Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University 18, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48036/apims.v18i1.613.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of presenting features and complication in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted at the Hematology department, King Edward Medical University and affiliated hospitals, from July to December 2017. For every patient, a through clinical and dermatological examination, abdominal ultrasound , bone marrow examination was done. Afresh 3 ml blood sample for CBC, immune profile, and serum testing was collected by a syringe using aseptic technique. A complete blood count was carried out using Automated Haematology Analyzer (Sysmex KX-21) and chemical examination was done on Beckman Coulter Beckman coulter. Reticulocyte count was done and direct antiglobulin test using coomb’s reagent was done. Every patient was evaluated for the creteia of SLE and was categorized accordingly. Results: Out of the 150 patients enrolled in the study, 122(81.3%) were male and 28(18.7%) patients were female. The mean age was 65.8 ± 1.33 years with the majority of patients falling in the group of 71- 80 years. Out of 150 patients, 40 (26.7%) had coombs positive. Most of the patients who had coombs positive were in stage 4. The patients who presented with complications such as paraneoplastic pemphigus were 1 out of 150 patients. Splenomegaly was found in 87.3 % of all CLL patients with 13.33% presented with massive splenomegaly .Angioedema was found in 2 out of 150 patients. No case of SLE, Sjogren s syndrome Churg strauss Syndrome, Vasculitis or Richters Trasnformation was found. Conclusion: Detection of complications in a significant number of CLL patients is related to disease progression and overall survival. The treatment modalities are different in different causes of anaemia and complications due to CLL. It will help the clinicians in modifying the treatment and decreasing the misery of patients due to co morbidities.

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Zhou, Rongfu, Jian OuYang, Ming Zhou, Qiguo Zhang, and Yong Xu. "A 21-Year-Old Woman with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura as Initial Symptom of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and a Literature Review." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3963.3963.

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Abstract We describe a 21-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who first presented with an thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and compare the clinical manifestations and prognosis between SLE patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the reported literature. At the time of admission, she was suffering from petechia, purpura and had neurological symptoms. Laboratory findings demonstrated haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and high levels of fragmentocytes. Serological test results were highly positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) with a particle fluorescent pattern, and also detected antibodies against Smith antibody, RNP antibody and SSA antibody but was negative for dsDNA. Direct Coombs-test was positive and D-dimer was negtive. The activity of ADAMTS13 was significantly reduced even after 4 times plasmapheresis. TTP as presenting sign in the patient with SLE was diagnosed. After 5 times plasmapheresis treatments and immunosuppressive therapy she recovered and abnormal laboratory tests were gradually returned to normal. With a follow-up of 20 months, she had a normal life. Compared with other reports, TTP can be differentiated from other thrombotic microangiopathic syndromes by its normal levels of prothrombin time, partially activated thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen and direct Coombs-test. But TTP might also be a complication of SLE and the manifestations of TTP are similar to those in SLE. The detection of the fragmentation of peripheral red blood cells helped the early diagnosis of TTP. Coomb’s test might be positive when patient with TTP had SLE. ADAMTS13 and its inhibitory antibody had an important role in the pathogenesis of TTP. Plasma exchange combined with corticosteroid and cyclophsphamide should be used as early as possible in TTP patient with SLE. The prognosis was related to the treatment time and methods including plasmapheresis.

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Lachmann, Peter, and Herman Waldmann. "Robert Royston Amos (Robin) Coombs. 9 January 1921 — 25 January 2006." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 55 (January 2009): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2008.0021.

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Robin Coombs, one of the pioneers of British immunology, was responsible for the development of innovative approaches to identify the presence of diagnostic antibodies and antigens in body fluids, and for the use of red-cell-linked assays to identify important functional molecules on diverse cell types. He was responsible for the development of immunology as a discipline in its own right, and his mechanistic dissection of hypersensitivity reactions brought clarity to a hitherto confusing area of disease. Although best known for the development of the Coombs test for detection of Rhesus antibodies, the Cambridge ‘school’ that he established has spawned and disseminated a diverse array of talented immunologists worldwide, embracing virtually all areas of molecular and cellular immunology.

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di Ioia, Maria, Deborah Farina, Valeria di Tommaso, Daniela Travaglini, Erika Pietrolongo, Marco Onofrj, and Giovanna de Luca. "Simultaneous early-onset severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia and albuminuria during alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 24, no. 6 (January 23, 2018): 813–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458517743093.

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Background: Alemtuzumab, approved for multiple sclerosis (MS), can cause secondary autoimmune adverse events including thyroid disorders, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and glomerular nephropathies. Non-ITP autoimmune cytopenias are rarely reported. Objective: To report a case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and nephropathy in a MS patient treated with alemtuzumab. Case report: A 34-year-old man with MS developed albuminuria and AIHA after the first and only alemtuzumab treatment, with positive Coombs’ direct and indirect tests and IgG autoantibodies. Both AIHA and nephropathy resolved 1 month after treatment with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins. Conclusion: Our report adds to literature on AIHA and nephropathy after alemtuzumab treatment and suggests to add Coombs’ tests to the screening panel required for alemtuzumab treatment.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Coombs'

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