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Journal articles on the topic 'Cooling Systems'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Melnyk, Anatoliy, and Volodymyr Saviak. "High Density Highperformance Computing Systems Cooling." Advances in Cyber-Physical Systems 3, no. 2 (November 10, 2018): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/acps2018.02.112.

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2

Ding, Yuzhang, Haocheng Ji, Rui Liu, Yuwei Jiang, and Minxiang Wei. "Study of the thermal behavior of a battery pack with a serpentine channel." AIP Advances 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 055028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0089378.

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To effectively enhance the thermal security of the Li-ion battery packs used in the electric vehicle industry, novel cooling systems equipped with serpentine channels are established. Then, the heat generation model is established and verified experimentally. In this research study, the structure of the cooling channel, the coolant velocity, the coolant temperature, and the coolant flow direction are considered to be the influencing factors. The results demonstrate that, by adopting the serpentine cooling channel, a better thermal conductivity can be obtained, and the type-B cooling system possesses a more reasonable structure. For different types of liquid cooling systems, the coolant temperature has a small influence on the temperature nephogram; however, for the same type of system, the coolant temperature strongly influences the temperature distribution. Similarly, the temperature difference is only related to the type of cooling system, with ∼6.09 and 5.53 K obtained for the type-A and type-B cooling systems, respectively. Furthermore, allowing the coolant in the serpentine cooling channels to flow in opposite directions can lower the value of the maximum temperature and temperature difference.
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3

Gustino Djentoe, Yokanan, Budi Kristiawan, Koji Enoki, Agung Tri Wijayanta, and Budi Santoso. "Comparative investigation on potential application of hybrid nanofluids for Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor cooling system." E3S Web of Conferences 465 (2023): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346501010.

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In this study, the potential usage of hybrid nanofluids for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor cooling was compared. Due to their efficiency, durability, and small size, brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are a type of electric motor that are frequently employed in electric vehicles (EVs). In order to maintain appropriate operating temperatures and ensure long-term durability, cooling systems must be taken into account throughout the design of brushless direct current (BLDC) motors. Because excessive heat can shorten a motor's lifespan and affect its performance, effective cooling is crucial. Systems for cooling liquids need more parts and upkeep than those for cooling air. taken into account to get the maximum cooling effectiveness. The effectiveness and dependability of the liquid cooling system are greatly influenced by the system's correct design and implementation, including hose routing, sealing, and coolant choices. There are several approaches to improve a BLDC motor's hybrid nanofluid/nanofluid cooling system. In order to achieve the highest cooling efficiency, fluid flow velocity, nanoparticle concentration, and cooling system design should all be carefully taken into account.
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4

Sirikasemsuk, Sarawut, Songkran Wiriyasart, Ruktai Prurapark, Nittaya Naphon, and Paisarn Naphon. "Water/Nanofluid Pulsating Flow in Thermoelectric Module for Cooling Electric Vehicle Battery Systems." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 1618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390525.

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We investigated the results of the cooling performance of the pulsating water/nanofluids flowing in the thermoelectric cooling module for cooling electric vehicle battery systems. The experimental system was designed and constructed to consider the effects of the water block configuration, hot and cold side flow rates, supplied power input, and coolant types on the cooling performance of the thermoelectric module. The measured results from the present study with the Peltier module are verified against those without the thermoelectric module. Before entering the electric vehicle battering system with a Peltier module, the inlet coolant temperatures were 2.5-3.5℃ lower than those without the thermoelectric system. On the hot side, the maximum COP of the thermoelectric cooling module was 1.10 and 1.30 for water and nanofluids as coolant, respectively. The results obtained from the present approach can be used to optimize the battery cooling technique to operate in an appropriate temperature range for getting higher energy storage, durability, lifecycles, and efficiency.
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5

van de Noort, Michael, and Peter Ireland. "A Low Order Flow Network Model for Double-Wall Effusion Cooling Systems." International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power 7, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp7010005.

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The high pressure turbine nozzle guide vane of a modern aeroengine experiences large heat loads and thus requires both highly effective internal and external cooling. This can be accomplished with double-wall effusion cooling, which combines impingement, pin-fin and effusion cooling. The combination of three cooling mechanisms causes high pressure losses, increasing potential for the migration of coolant towards low pressure regions, subsequently starving effusion holes on the leading edge of coolant supply. This paper presents a low order flow network model to rapidly assess the pressure and mass flow distributions through such cooling schemes for a flexible set of geometric and flow conditions. The model is subsequently validated by a series of experiments with varying mainstream pressure gradients. Results from the model are used to indicate design parameters to reduce the effect of coolant migration, and to minimise the risk of destructive hot gas ingestion.
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6

Zhukov, Vladimir, Olesya Melnik, Nikita Logunov, and Sergei Chernyi. "Regulation and control in cooling systems of internal combustion engines." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913502015.

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The paper is devoted to the urgent problem of improving the automatic regulation of the thermal state of internal combustion engines and controlling the water-chemical cooling regimes during the transition to high-temperature cooling. Principal and functional diagrams of cooling systems with improved control are presented. The prospects of controlling the pressure in the internal circuit of high-temperature engine cooling systems and the automatic control of the physicochemical characteristics of the coolant have been proved.
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7

Jin, Zhihao. "Advancement of Liquid Immersion Cooling for Data Centers." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 97 (May 28, 2024): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/4fbbk041.

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With the increasing processing capabilities of data centers, the demand for advanced cooling has been increased, positioning liquid immersion cooling systems as a focal point due to their effectiveness and environmental benefits. This paper reviews the current state and prospects of liquid immersion cooling technologies for data centers by paper analyzing. The research spans the optimization of cooling technology parameters, material and coolant performance, as well as system level integration and thermal management. The characteristics analysis of liquids and supercritical fluids underscores the significance of coolant selection Innovative cooling network designs have been shown to initiate failures and improve thermal distribution, enhancing data center performance and reliability. Additionally, the interplay between cooling systems and IT systems has been explored for its overall energy efficiency impact. Liquid immersion cooling technology demonstrates vast potential in ensuring safety, enhancing heat exchange efficiency, and meeting the growing needs of future data center development. Nonetheless, a deep understanding of complex fluid dynamics and heat transfer mechanisms remains key to driving technological advantages.
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8

Ebenhoch, G., and T. M. Speer. "Simulation of Cooling Systems in Gas Turbines." Journal of Turbomachinery 118, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836640.

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The design of cooling systems for gas turbine engine blades and vanes calls for efficient simulation programs. The main purpose of the described program is to determine the complete boundary condition at the coolant side to support a temperature calculation for the solid. For the simulation of convection and heat pick up of the coolant flow, pressure loss, and further effects to be found in a rotating frame, the cooling systems are represented by networks of nodes and flow elements. Within each flow element the fluid flow is modeled by a system of ordinary differential equations based on the one-dimensional conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. In this respect, the computer program differs from many other network computation programs. Concerning cooling configurations in rotating systems, the solution for a single flow element or the entire flow system is not guaranteed to be unique. This is due to rotational forces in combination with heat transfer and causes considerable computational difficulties, which can be overcome by a special path following method in which the angular velocity is selected as the parameter of homotopy. Results of the program are compared with measurements for three applications.
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9

Umirov, Nashir, Shavkatjon Abdurokhmonov, Ergashxon Ganiboyeva, and Zebo Alimova. "Thermal equilibrium of the tractor and vehicle engines’ cooling systems in agriculture technological processes." BIO Web of Conferences 105 (2024): 05020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410505020.

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The article shows how the heat introduced into the engine is consumed into the coolant. Factors influencing the temperature regime of the tractor and vehicle cooling systems during operation. Necessary dependencies for constructing the heat balance of the cooling system of an automobile and autotractor engine. The use of heat balance makes it possible to determine a criterion for assessing the efficiency of the engine cooling system. Experimental analysis of the thermal balance of the cooling system is based on original equations characterizing the heat transfer of the engine into the coolant, water equivalents of air and water flows through the radiator, and can be used as the basis for a calculation method for determining the characteristics of a cooling system with various radiators.
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10

Koch, L., K. Gross, and G. Krueger. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FLUID COOLING SYSTEMS IN MOTORIZED SPINDLES." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 4620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_7_2021068.

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This paper analyzes geometrical approaches to optimize the fluid cooling circulation of motorized spindles. The spindle fluid cooling’s effectiveness, efficiency and influence on the machine’s precision are analyzed through observations of the stator temperature, pressure drop and thermal asymmetry, respectively. The observation is based on a validated coupled thermal/fluid mechanical simulation model. The widely used helix and meander shape stator cooling sleeves are primarily investigated. Additionally, a so-called S-meander shape was developed, which combines the advantages of the formerly mentioned sleeves. In order to understand the nonlinear thermal interactions properly, width and height of the cooling channels were varied separately and simultaneously. While keeping the flow rate identical, the average stator temperature could be decreased by 2.3 K solely with geometrical optimizations. Interestingly, the motor temperature is not continuously decreased by raising the fluid velocity through a reduction of the cooling channels size. For the helix and the S-meander, the temperature actually increases after passing a certain geometrical sweet spot. Additionally, this optimum is different for the helix, meander and S-meander cooling sleeve. The results imply that the geometrical optimization of fluid cooling channels in motorized spindles has a significant potential. Furthermore, the developed cooling sleeves are trans-ferable to any electric motor with fluid cooling.
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11

Che Sidik, Nor Azwadi, and Shahin Salimi. "The Use of Compound Cooling Holes for Film Cooling at the End Wall of Combustor Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.371.

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Gas turbine cooling can be classified into two different schemes; internal and external cooling. In internal cooling method, the coolant provided by compressor is forced into the cooling flow circuits inside turbine components. Meanwhile, for the external cooling method, the injected coolant is directly perfused from coolant manifold to save downstream components against hot gases. Furthermore, in the latter coolant scheme, coolant is used to quell the heat transfer from hot gas stream to a component. There are several ways in external cooling. Film cooling is one of the best cooling systems for the application on gas turbine blades. This study concentrates on the comparison of experimental, computational and numerical investigations of advanced film cooling performance for cylindrical holes at different angles and different blowing ratios in modern turbine gas.
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12

Jiao, Cong, and Zeyu Li. "An Updated Review of Solar Cooling Systems Driven by Photovoltaic–Thermal Collectors." Energies 16, no. 14 (July 12, 2023): 5331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145331.

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Solar cooling systems are widely used in the building sector, as they can utilize low-grade solar energy to reduce carbon emissions. To improve the thermodynamic performance and economic performance of solar cooling systems, solar cooling systems driven by photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) collectors have been widely studied. This paper reviews the recent research on the technological improvement of PVT collectors, the development of thermally driven cooling cycles, and the performance of solar cooling systems driven by PVT collectors. Innovative heat sink structures and the utilization of a high-thermal-conductivity coolant are employed to increase the solar-energy-conversion efficiency of PVT collectors. The use of thermal and mechanical two-stage compression and cascade cooling expands the lower temperature limit of the heat source required for the solar cooling cycle. In addition, specific examples of solar cooling systems driven by PVT collectors are reviewed to explore their thermodynamic and economic performance. Finally, the technical developments in and prospects of different types of PVT collectors and solar cooling systems are explored in an attempt to provide some insight to researchers. This study shows that the PVT collector’s electrical and thermal efficiencies can be improved by 0.85–11% and 1.9–22.02%, compared to those of conventional PV systems and PVT systems based on water cooling, respectively. Furthermore, the lower limit of the heat source temperature for the new thermally driven cooling system expands by 4–20 °C. Finally, the performances of solar cooling systems driven by PVT collectors show a minimum payback period of 8.45–9.3 years, which proves favorable economic feasibility.
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13

Huang, Jinhua, and Georges M. Fadel. "Bi-Objective Optimization Design of Heterogeneous Injection Mold Cooling Systems." Journal of Mechanical Design 123, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1347992.

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This paper presents a two-step methodology for the bi-objective optimization design of heterogeneous injection mold cooling systems to achieve simultaneously fast and uniform cooling. During the first step, a single fundamental mold material selected from the material database is assumed, optimal cooling channels size, location, and coolant flow rate are obtained through a gradient-based optimization method. Based on the optimal results from the first step, the second step further reduces cooling time and increases temperature distribution uniformity at ejection by finding sensitive areas and distributing both fundamental and secondary materials in these areas through a genetic algorithm. A Finite Element Method with the Jacobi Conjugate Gradient scheme is utilized to perform the cyclic and transient cooling simulation. Two illustrations for the optimal methodology are provided.
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14

Choi, Hongseok, Hyoseong Lee, Ukmin Han, Juneyeol Jung, and Hoseong Lee. "Comparative Evaluation of Liquid Cooling-Based Battery Thermal Management Systems: Fin Cooling, PCM Cooling, and Intercell Cooling." International Journal of Energy Research 2024 (April 20, 2024): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5395508.

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The escalating demand for electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries underscores the critical need for diverse battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) to ensure optimal battery performance. Despite this, a comprehensive comparative analysis remains absent. This study seeks to assess and compare the thermal and hydraulic performances of three prominent BTMSs: fin cooling, intercell cooling, and PCM cooling. Simulation models were meticulously developed and experimentally validated, with each system’s design parameters optimized under identical volumes to ensure equitable comparisons. In the context of fast-charging conditions, intercell cooling consistently met and even surpassed the desired target temperature, reducing the maximum temperature to 30.6°C with an increasing flow rate, while fin cooling faced challenges. Effective control of coolant temperature emerged as a critical factor for achieving optimal PCM cooling, with a potential reduction in temperature difference by 4.3 K. Despite exhibiting higher power consumption, intercell cooling demonstrated the most efficient cooling effect during fast charging. Considering the BTMS weight, fin cooling exhibited the lowest energy density, approximately half that of other methods. Addressing precooling and preheating conditions for high and low temperatures, the intercell method proved adept at meeting temperature requirements with minimal power consumption in significantly shorter durations. Conversely, the practicality of using PCM at high temperatures was deemed challenging.
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15

Fumo, N., P. J. Mago, and L. M. Chamra. "Hybrid-cooling, combined cooling, heating, and power systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 223, no. 5 (May 8, 2009): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09576509jpe709.

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Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems have the ability to optimize fuel consumption by recovering thermal energy from the prime mover of the power generation unit (PGU). Design of a CCHP system requires consideration, among other variables, of CCHP system components size and type. This study focuses on the analysis of hybrid-cooling, heating, and power (hybrid-cooling CCHP) systems that have an absorption chiller (CH) and a vapour compression system to handle the cooling load. The effect of the size of both cooling mechanisms is analysed in conjunction with the PGU size and efficiency. For better energy performance analysis simulations, results are presented based on the building-CCHP system primary energy consumption (PEC). Hybrid-cooling CCHP systems yield higher primary energy reduction than CCHP systems with an absorption CH alone. To account for the effect of climate conditions, hot and cold climates were considered by performing simulations for Tampa and Chicago weather conditions. The results are presented in tabular form to show the value of the PEC reduction as a function of the PGU size and efficiency, and the size of the absorption CH.
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16

Dorofeev, E. A., A. S. Tegzhanov, and V. E. Shcherba. "The analysis of pumpless cooling systems reciprocating compressors." Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Aviation-Rocket and Power Engineering 7, no. 1 (2023): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2588-0373-2023-7-1-32-39.

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The article discusses the existing methods of cooling reciprocating compressors, where special attention is paid to liquid systems in which the motion of the coolant is carried out not from an external pump, but due to fluctuations in gas pressure or rarefaction. An analysis of the designs of pumpless cooling systems is carried out, advantages and disadvantages are identified, directions for their further improvement are identified.
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17

Shehadi, Maher. "Optimizing solar cooling systems." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 21 (October 2020): 100663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2020.100663.

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18

JUN, LU, DING HAO, ZHANG HONG, and GAO DIAN CE. "COOLING FLOOR AC SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 01n03 (January 30, 2005): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205028931.

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The present HVAC equipments for the residential buildings in the Hot-summer-and-Cold-winter climate region are still at a high energy consuming level. So that the high efficiency HVAC system is an urgently need for achieving the preset government energy saving goal. With its advantage of highly sanitary, highly comfortable and uniform of temperature field, the hot-water resource floor radiation heating system has been widely accepted. This paper has put forward a new way in air-conditioning, which combines the fresh-air supply unit and such floor radiation system for the dehumidification and cooling in summer or heating in winter. By analyze its advantages and limitations, we found that this so called Cooling/ Heating Floor AC System can improve the IAQ of residential building while keep high efficiency quality. We also recommend a methodology for the HVAC system designing, which will ensure the reduction of energy cost of users.
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19

Grigoryan, Artak A., Karapet A. Ter-Zakaryan, Alexander I. Panchenko, Nadezhda A. Galceva, and Vladislav I. Krashchenko. "Heat- and cooling systems." Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education], no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.4.7.

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Introduction. The article discusses the various aspects of the use of foamed polyethylene, implemented at sports facilities in Armenia. Firstly, it is a roof insulation system. Secondly, the implementation of insulation systems to preserve the cold in the territory of open sports facilities, in particular, to preserve snow reserves in ski resorts. Additional requirements are imposed on the thermal insulation material for such structures. The material, in addition to high thermotechnical properties, must be airtight, lightweight, easy to install and maintain, durable, resistant to infection by bacteria and fungi, it is easy to tolerate temperature extremes. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a study of the properties (heat conductivity density, vapor permeability, water absorption) and application features (resistance to the effects of temperature, humidity, aggressive components contained in the air, that is, its high operational stability) of rolled non-cross-linked polyethylene foam when creating insulating sheets that protect snow from melting. Results. It was found that polyethylene foam in the insulating system maintains the stability of mechanical and thermophysical properties. Taking into account all the functional features of the implementation of insulation systems, the principles of protection and preservation (conservation) of snow cover have been developed, implemented on the mountain slopes and plateau of ski facilities. Rolls of foamed polyethylene were joined end-to-end and mechanically fixed. Conclusions. Thus, a seamless insulating coating was formed, covering the entire hillside — “thermal blanket”. The insulation system is operated during the off-season between March and September, during a period of stable positive temperatures.
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20

Гоняева, С. С., В. В. Кожемякин, В. О. Кожемякин, Н. А. Морозов, С. А. Николаева, and А. В. Аполлова. "Emergency core cooling systems." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg> 1, no. 1(63) (February 28, 2024): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2024.63.1.012.

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Работа посвящена разработке системы пассивного отвода теплоты от реактора, способной обеспечить штатное и аварийное расхолаживание реактора, а также обеспечить работу установки на малых мощностях реактора без участия паротурбинной установки. Обеспечить циркуляцию теплоносителя в этой системе предложено с помощью пароводяных струйных аппаратов с дозвуковым паровым соплом, аналогичных ранее разрабатывавшимся для интегрального реактора «Бета». Системы с подобными струйными аппаратами склонны к пульсации параметров из-за срывов и перезапусков пароводяных струйных аппаратов. В виду этого, была предложена конфигурация системы, позволяющая регулировать подводимую парогенератором и отводимую забортным теплообменником мощность, исключая тем самым пульсации в системе и срывы пароводяного струйного аппарата. Байпасирование парогенератора позволяет не допустить выдачу слишком влажного пара в систему. Paper is devoted to the development of a system for passive heat removal from the reactor, capable of providing normal and emergency cooldown of the reactor, as well as ensuring the operation of the plant at low reactor power without the participation of a steam turbine plant. It is proposed to ensure the circulation of the coolant in this system using steam-water jet apparatus with a subsonic steam nozzle, similar to those previously developed for the type «Beta» integral reactor. Systems with such jet apparatuses are prone to parameter pulsation due to breakdowns and restarts of steam-water jet apparatuses. Taking this in consideration a system configuration was proposed that makes it possible to regulate the power supplied by the steam generator and removed by the outboard heat exchanger, thereby excluding pulsations in the system and disruptions of the steam-water jet apparatus. Bypassing the steam generator prevents too wet steam from being released into the system.
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21

Sharma, Mr Kanhiya. "BATTERY COOLING SYSTEMS OF ELECTRIC VECHILES." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 4, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem32321.

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To enhance electric vehicle battery performance, the Battery Thermal Management System (BTMs) plays a crucial role by regulating internal battery temperature within optimal limits. Among the key components, the cooling system is paramount in maintaining this temperature range. Various cooling techniques such as Air Cooling (AC), Liquid Cooling (LC), Refrigerant Direct Cooling (RDC), Phase Change Material (PCM) based systems, Thermoelectric Cooling (TC), Heat Pipe Cooling (HPC), and Hybrid Cooling (HC) have been employed in electric vehicles. This paper provides an exhaustive review of these cooling systems, delineating their respective merits and demerits. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers delving into electric vehicle battery cooling technology. Keywords: Electric vehicle, battery, cooling system, thermal management system.
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22

Sarbu, Ioan, Emilian Valea, and Calin Sebarchievici. "Solar Refrigerating Systems." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.581.

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Along with the global warming impacts and climate changes, the demands for air conditioning and refrigeration have increased. Therefore, providing cooling by utilizing renewable energy such as solar energy is a key solution to the energy and environmental issues. In this paper are presented theoretical basis and practical applications for cooling technologies assisted by solar energy and their recent advances. The ejector cycle represents the thermo-mechanical cooling system, and has a higher coefficient of performance (COP) but require a higher heat source temperature than other cycles. Based on the thermal COP of each cycle, the absorption cycle which represents the thermal cooling is preferred to the ejector cycle. Next to improving efficiency of solar cooling technologies, research on advanced solar collector is the most important research topic.
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Pambudi, Nugroho Agung, Husin Bugis, Ilham Wahyu Kuncoro, Nova Dany Setiawan, Miftah Hijriawan, Bayu Rudiyanto, and Basori Basori. "Preliminary experimental of GPU immersion-cooling." E3S Web of Conferences 93 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199303003.

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A typical information technology system takes around 40% of the total energy used in cooling the system. There are three major classifications of cooling system and they are: water cooling, close loop liquid cooling, and immersion cooling systems. Immersion cooling has been observed to be the latest trend in cooling systems for IT devices. It is a cooling procedure that is carried out through the immersion of all computer components in a dielectric coolant. This research examined the cooling process of GPU using this immersion method. Mineral oil, because of its high dielectric strength, is used as a medium fluid. The temperature difference between the use of fan and immersion cooling was then measured using a benchmark software. The result showed that the immersion cooling produced a lower GPU temperature compared to the conventional fan. The working temperature of the GPU with the use of immersion method was 70°C while it was 80°C with the conventional fan method.
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Kim, Young-Ho, and Joo-Sang Lee. "Numerical Analysis of Cooling Performance Based on Flow Characteristics of Electric Vehicle Battery Cooling Plates." Korea Industrial Technology Convergence Society 29, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29279/jitr.2024.29.1.43.

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The performance of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles is significantly affected by temperature. To ensure battery stability and extend its lifespan, an effective cooling system must be developed for heat dissipation. Therefore, researchers are focusing on liquid-cooled systems that use fluids with higher thermal conductivities compared with conventional air-cooling systems. However, studies regarding the flow shapes of crucial cooling plates in indirect liquid-cooling systems are scarce. In this study, the optimal flow shape of cooling plates with high cooling performance for dissipating heat generated during battery charging and discharging is determined. Four models with different structural features are analyzed via computational fluid dynamics simulations and then validated experimentally. Model 1, which features a small stagnation region, exhibits better cooling performance compared with Model 2, which features smoother curved flow paths. Models with large stagnant regions demonstrate inferior cooling performance, which is attributed to the effect of heat absorption, based on the residence time of the coolant in the cooling plate. Improvement in cooling efficiency is confirmed, which implies the feasibility of applying the model to enhance the performance of electric vehicles in the future.
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25

Rubio-Castro, Eusiel, Medardo Serna-González, José María Ponce-Ortega, and Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi. "Synthesis of cooling water systems with multiple cooling towers." Applied Thermal Engineering 50, no. 1 (January 2013): 957–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.06.015.

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26

Xu, Sijun, Hua Zhang, and Zilong Wang. "Thermal Management and Energy Consumption in Air, Liquid, and Free Cooling Systems for Data Centers: A Review." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031279.

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The thermal management and reduction of energy consumption in cooling systems have become major trends with the continued growth of high heat dissipation data centers and the challenging energy situation. However, the existing studies have been limited to studying the influences of individual factors on energy saving and thermal management and have not been systematically summarized. Thus, this paper reviews the key factors in achieving thermal management and reducing energy consumption in each cooling system, the corresponding research, and optimization methods. To achieve these goals, in this paper, literature surveys on data center cooling systems are investigated. For data center air cooling, thermal management is mainly related to the uniform distribution of hot and cold air. Adjusting the porosity of perforated tiles can reduce energy consumption. For liquid cooling and free cooling systems, climate conditions, cooling system structural design, coolant type, and flow rate are key factors in achieving thermal management and reducing energy consumption. This paper provides the power usage effectiveness (PUE) values of the cooling systems in some cases. A summary of the key factors can provide directions for research on thermal management and energy reduction, and a summary of previous research can provide a basis for future optimization.
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Shindo, Kan, Jun Shinoda, Ongun B. Kazanci, Dragos-Ioan Bogatu, Shin-ichi Tanabe, and Bjarne W. Olesen. "Resiliency comparison of radiant cooling systems and all- air systems." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 01089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339601089.

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Radiant systems have been proven to be an energy-efficient and resource-effective heating and cooling solution for buildings. A key feature of a thermally active building system (TABS), one type of a radiant cooling system, is its ability to activate and control the thermal mass of the building structure. The advantage of this feature is the peak load shifting effect by the thermal mass, which leads to energy saving compared to a conventional system, e.g., an all-air system. This feature of the radiant cooling system could be particularly beneficial under a heat wave and power outage event. Dynamic building simulations were carried out to quantify the resilience of TABS to heat waves and power outages. An all-air system (i.e., airconditioning) was used as the reference cooling system. The simulations were carried out using EnergyPlus. Future weather files (typical meteorological years and years with heat waves) developed in IEA EBC Annex 80 were used for the simulations. In both HVAC systems. Simulation results for future weather data resulted in a decrease in heating demand and an increase in cooling demand.
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28

Nwaigwe, K. N., C. A. Okoronkwo, Nnamdi V. Ogueke, and E. E. Anyanwu. "REVIEW OF NOCTURNAL COOLING SYSTEMS." International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment 11, no. 1-4 (2010): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2011003225.

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29

Dodson, M. H. "Closure Profiles in Cooling Systems." Materials Science Forum 7 (January 1986): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.7.145.

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30

Marzec, Krzysztof. "Low-Pressure Turbine Cooling Systems." Encyclopedia 1, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 893–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1030068.

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Modern low-pressure turbine engines are equipped with casings impingement cooling systems. Those systems (called Active Clearance Control) are composed of an array of air nozzles, which are directed to strike turbine casing to absorb generated heat. As a result, the casing starts to shrink, reducing the radial gap between the sealing and rotating tip of the blade. Cooling air is delivered to the nozzles through distribution channels and collector boxes, which are connected to the main air supply duct. The application of low-pressure turbine cooling systems increases its efficiency and reduces engine fuel consumption.
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31

Okafor, Victor Chijioke. "Review on Evaporative Cooling Systems." Greener Journal of Science, Engineering and Technological Research 7, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 001–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjsetr.2017.1.031817038.

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32

Ampofo, F., G. Maidment, and J. Missenden. "Groundwater cooling systems in London." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 1, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/1.4.336.

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Dohmen, Jürgen, Ralf Barthel, and Stefan Klopstein. "Virtual development of cooling systems." MTZ worldwide 67, no. 12 (December 2006): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03227962.

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Renn, Volker, and Alfons Gilhaus. "Aerodynamics of vehicle cooling systems." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 22, no. 2-3 (June 1986): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(86)90096-6.

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35

Gupta, Vinod. "Natural Cooling Systems of Jaisalmer." Architectural Science Review 28, no. 3 (September 1985): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00038628.1985.9696577.

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36

Abramenko, A. N., A. S. Kalinichenko, and Yu K. Krivosheev. "Cooling systems of rotating molds." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 64, no. 4 (April 1993): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00859228.

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Cho, Keumnam, Felix Ziegler, and Hein Auracher. "Progress in sorptive cooling systems." International Journal of Refrigeration 32, no. 4 (June 2009): 563–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.05.007.

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38

Merry, J., J. Sarvinis, and N. Voermann. "Designing modern furnace cooling systems." JOM 52, no. 2 (February 2000): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-000-0050-z.

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39

Wang, L., E. Buice, H. Crawford, J. Doyle, P. Fallon, A. Hodgkinson, T. Loew, M. Regis, and S. Zimmermann. "Design of GRETA Cooling Systems." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1301, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1301/1/012101.

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Abstract The Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array (GRETA) is a full 4π gamma-ray tracking detector capable of reconstructing the energy and three-dimensional position of gamma-ray interactions within a compact sphere of high-purity germanium crystals. The GRETA Detector Array Sphere will have the capacity to accommodate a total of 30 Germanium Quad Detector Modules (QDM). The 30 QDMs are to be cooled and maintained below 100 K using liquid nitrogen (LN) at all times while the array is in normal operation, and will require regular filling of a LN Dewar on each module. The Dewar is designed to allow the Quad Module to be operated in any orientation with a LN holding time of no less than 12 hours when the detector module is fully powered. An automated LN cooling and refilling system is required to supply LN to the 30 QDMs and ensure them maintained below 100 K. Each of the GRETA QDMs houses a total of 148 pre-amplifier units within the module, and with the high power consumption of each pre-amplifier, active cooling of the pre-amplifier compartment is required. Additionally, each Quad Module will have 4 digitizer modules attached to it, which generate heat and require cooling as well. A closed-loop liquid (Glycol) cooling system will provide the required temperature stability and dissipate power generated heat for electronics. This paper presents design of the GRETA LN cooling system for detectors and the closed-loop liquid cooling system for electronics including technical requirements, design schemes, key components, operation modes, and so on.
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40

Borushchak, L. O., I. O. Shuliar, N. V. Ilkiv, and S. V. Okrepkyi. "Computer optimization of cooling systems 91 for thermoplastics molding." Scientific Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, no. 2(49) (December 30, 2020): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9965-2020-2(49)-91-105.

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The work analyses the problem of high-quality cooling of molds for obtaining castings from thermoplastics, which are characterized by significant coefficients of volumetric and linear thermal expansion, the ability to compact in the molten state. The change in the volume of the thermoplastic melt and, accordingly, product quality characteristics primarily depend on the mold temperature mode. The latter provides for the required temperature, heating rate and cooling rate of the mold. In turn, these parameters partially determine the pressure of the thermoplastic in the working volume. The heating rate and cooling rate of the mold are primarily determined by the dimensions and configuration of the channels of the mold cooling system. Experimental improvement of the design of the cooling system channels requires significant expenditures of materials, time and money. The authors of the article proposed a method for optimizing the design of a mold cooling system using computer technologies for 3D modeling in the Solid Works environment and thermodynamic studies using the finite element method in the ANSYS program. In the first part of the work, several versions of virtual models of the main structural parts of a mold for casting a thin-walled real product from a thermoplastic were created: dies, punches and mounting plates. At the same time, the main structural dimensions of the mold were maintained and necessary structural simplifications were made (inscriptions, stamps were removed) in order to save resources when performing thermodynamic studies. The differences between the models were in the different configurations of the water cooling channels - straight, V- and W-shaped. These studies were carried out in the Transient Thermal package. The main task of these studies was to determine the nature of the propagation of thermal fields in the volume of the matrix. Initial data for research - mold temperature, temperature and volumetric supply of coolant in all experiments are the same. The results of computer studies have shown that in a cooling system with W-shaped channels, the cooling of a thermoplastic casting occurs most uniformly, as evidenced by the configuration of thermal fields in the die and the punch. Based on research materials, a mold was made. Test results have confirmed efficiency of computer research in plastic molding technologies.
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Gang, Wenjie, Shengwei Wang, and Fu Xiao. "District cooling systems and individual cooling systems: Comparative analysis and impacts of key factors." Science and Technology for the Built Environment 23, no. 2 (August 29, 2016): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2016.1214474.

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42

Fedorovskiy, Konstantin Yu, and Nadezhda K. Fedorovskaya. "TEMPERATURES OPTIMIZATION OF TWO-CIRCUIT CLOSED COOLING SYSTEM OF SHIP'S POWER PLANT." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 62 (March 10, 2020): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi62.48.

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The issues of creating environmentally friendly highly reliable closed-loop cooling systems are considered in the paper. The achievement of these qualities is ensured by the rejection of cooling water intake. The analysis of various coolants of the power installation requiring cooling is carried out. It is shown that for the cooling of a number of coolants it is advisable to create double-circuit cooling systems. This requires the introduction of an additional heat exchanger and the separation of the temperature head between the cooled coolant and seawater. The authors suggest an approach that makes it possible to distribute this temperature head between the circuits optimally. This procedure involves comparing various heat exchangers based on their reduced area. A nomogram is presented to determine the optimal value of the temperature head.
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43

Ahrameev, Vitaliy. "Research of the sediment formation intensity at the run-around cooling systems equipment with water cooling towers." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet. Pratsi, no. 2 (August 20, 2016): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.2.49.2016.09.

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44

Xie, Jinlong, Hsiao Mun Lee, and Jianhua Xiang. "Multi-nozzle Closed Loop Spray Cooling Systems in Electronics Cooling." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 189 (November 6, 2018): 022062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/189/2/022062.

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45

Hatamipour, M. S., H. Mahiyar, and M. Taheri. "Evaluation of existing cooling systems for reducing cooling power consumption." Energy and Buildings 39, no. 1 (January 2007): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.05.007.

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46

Radchenko, Andrii M. "Gas turbine intake air cooling systems of combined type and their optimum designing." Joupnal of New Technologies in Environmental Science 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30540/jntes-2020-2.1.

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Turbine intake air cooling (TIAC) by absorption lithium-bromide chillers (ACh) utilizing the exhaust heat is considered as the most effective fuel saving technology for temperate climatic conditions. But the cooling potential of TIAC systems based on ACh of a simple cycle is limited by a comparatively increased chilled water temperature of about 7°C excluding cooling intake air lower than 15°C. The application of a refrigerant as a coolant enables deeper cooling intake air to 10°C and lower. The application of two-stage hybrid absorption-ejector chillers (AECh) with a refrigerant ejector chiller (ECh) as a low temperature stage makes it possible to increase the annual fuel saving approximately twice in temperate climate due to deeper cooling air as compared with ACh. Furthermore, this effect can be achieved with the sizes of TIAC system reduced by about 20 % due to determining the rational refrigeration capacity of AECh providing practically maximum annual fuel saving increment and the use of the current excessive refrigeration capacities to cover peaked loads.
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47

Tang, L. Q., K. Pochiraju, C. Chassapis, and S. Manoochehri. "A Computer-Aided Optimization Approach for the Design of Injection Mold Cooling Systems." Journal of Mechanical Design 120, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826955.

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A methodology is presented for the design of optimal cooling systems for injection mold tooling which models the mold cooling as a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. The design constraints and objective function are evaluated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The objective function for the constrained optimization problem is stated as minimization of both a function related to part average temperature and temperature gradients throughout the polymeric part. The goal of this minimization problem is to achieve reduction of undesired defects as sink marks, differential shrinkage, thermal residual stress built-up, and part warpage primarily due to non-uniform temperature distribution in the part. The cooling channel size, locations, and coolant flow rate are chosen as the design variables. The constrained optimal design problem is solved using Powell’s conjugate direction method using penalty function. The cooling cycle time and temperature gradients are evaluated using transient heat conduction simulation. A matrix-free algorithm of the Galerkin Finite Element Method (FEM) with the Jacobi Conjugate Gradient (JCG) scheme is utilized to perform the cooling simulation. The optimal design methodology is illustrated using a case study.
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48

Tan, Jiahui, Mu Chai, Kuanfang He, and Yong Chen. "Numerical Simulation on Heating Effects during Hydrogen Absorption in Metal Hydride Systems for Hydrogen Storage." Energies 15, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 2673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072673.

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A 2-D numerical simulation model was established based on a small-sized metal hydride storage tank, and the model was validated by the existing experiments. An external cooling bath was equipped to simulate the heating effects of hydrogen absorption reactions. Furthermore, both the type and the flow rate of the cooling fluids in the cooling bath were altered, so that changes in temperature and hydrogen storage capacity in the hydrogen storage model could be analyzed. It is demonstrated that the reaction rate in the center of the hydrogen storage tank gradually becomes lower than that at the wall surface. When the flow rate of the fluid is small, significant differences can be found in the cooling liquid temperature at the inlet and the outlet cooling bath. In areas adjacent to its inlet, the reaction rate is higher than that at the outlet, and a better cooling effect is produced by water. As the flow rate increases, the total time consumed by hydrogen adsorption reaction is gradually reduced to a constant value. At the same flow rate, the wall surface of the tank shows a reaction rate insignificantly different from that in its center, provided that cooling water or oil coolant is replaced with air.
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Hochreiter, L. E., S. V. Fanto, L. E. Conway, and L. K. Lau. "Integral Testing of the AP600 Passive Emergency Core Cooling Systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 207, no. 4 (November 1993): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_048_02.

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In support of the development of AP600, Westinghouse is conducting two integral systems tests to examine the performance of the passive safety systems. A full-height, full-pressure test is being performed to simulate a small loss-of-coolant, steam generator tube rupture and large steam line break events. A one-quarter scale, low-pressure test is being performed to simulate transients with emphasis on the transition to the natural circulation post-accident, long-term cooling mode and to demonstrate the long-term cooling capability. Each of the tests will provide detailed experimental results for verification of the accident analysis computer codes.
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50

Cabezon, Francisco A., Allan P. Schinckel, Carol S. Stwalley, and Robert M. Stwalley III. "Heat Transfer Properties of Hog Cooling Pad." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 5 (2018): 1693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12351.

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Abstract. Thermal stress on sows in modern farrowing operations has become a significant issue for the commercial pork industry. Purdue University researchers have developed a simple conductive hog cooling pad that has the potential to effectively alleviate a significant portion of that heat stress. The heat transfer properties of the cooling pad are crucial to the characterization of the pad and the success of the pad in the field. This article presents data collected showing the thermal profile of the cooling pad, the energy transfer of the pad in operation, and the effectiveness of the pad as a function of the amount of coolant used to affect heat transfer from a simulated animal to the coolant. A variety of operating conditions and coolant flows were investigated, and those results are detailed in this article. Intermittent coolant flow over modest time intervals appeared to provide the best results with the cooling pad under the investigated operating conditions. Keywords: Conduction, Convection, Cooling, Cooling systems, Farrowing, Heat transfer, Swine, Thermal stress.
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