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Journal articles on the topic 'Cooling pipes'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Lian, Wenlei, Jinhua Zhang, and Hao Wan. "Numerical research on the cooling performance of an aircraft electromechanical actuator based on heat pipes-fuel and heat pipes-ram air cooling conception." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 5 (May 2022): 168781322210969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221096965.

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Numerical research is carried out on the cooling performance of an aircraft electromechanical actuator (EMA) using heat pipes. The theoretical model is established to describe the heat transfer processes in the EMA, which is validated by comparing the numerical and experimental results. The heat transfer characteristics of the EMA using two different cooling methods, heat pipes-fuel and heat pipes-ram air, are studied by numerical simulation. For the heat pipes-fuel cooling method, impact of the coolant flow velocity (0–0.015 m/s) on the cooling performance of the EMA is studied, based on which fins are designed on the condenser of heat pipes to improve the cooling performance. The results show that it is an efficient way to cool the electromechanical actuator with heat pipes-fuel cooling method and the heat dissipation rate of the EMA can be improved by 28.8% by using fins. In addition, the heat pipes-ram air cooling method could cool the EMA efficiently with the ram air temperature properly controlled.
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2

Hagarová, Mária, Jana Cervová, and Marek Vojtko. "Corrosion Degradation of Steel Pipes in Indirect Cooling Circuit of Gas Cleaning." Materials Science Forum 811 (December 2014): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.811.41.

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The paper deals with corrosion damage to steel pipes which were a part of the indirect cooling circuit of gas cleaning. The pipes were made from steel ASTM A106 Gr.B. The outer surface of pipes of the inside part of the circuit was affected by flue gases with mean temperature of approximately 1200 °C. The pipes of the outside part of the circuit were exposed to outer environment with mean temperature of about 25 °C. The cooling water flowing in these pipes had mean temperature of about 20 °C and contained a corrosion inhibitor based on zinc chloride (with addition of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and PBTC). Flow rate of cooling water was 3700 m3/h, its total volume 1500 m3, and the pressure of cooling water was 600 kPa. The achieved thickening of cooling water was N=4. Side filtering was accomplished by a filter DPF 4000. The pipes of the cooling circuit were welded to each other, which initiated stress stimulating development of cracks on the outer surface of pipes in the heat-affected zone, Fig.1. The existing technological conditions resulted in formation of deposits on the outer pipe surfaces. Their presence changed thermal conditions in steel pipes.
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3

Chen, Long, Wei Chen, Jian Dong Li, Si Ning Heng, and Jia Wu. "Optimal Design about Parameters of Cooling Pipes in Hot Stamping Die." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.263.

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The design reasonability of cooling pipe greatly affects the quenching performance of hot stamping die. In this paper, rectangular box is the carrier, the parameters of cooling pipe section, such as the diameter of cooling pipe, the distance between cooling pipes, the distance between cooling pipes and die surface, were studied by numerical simulation and orthogonal experiments. The quenching uniformity was taken as the evaluation criterion during research. Finally, the optimal parameters about cooling pipes distributed in hot stamping die were obtained and the quenching uniformity was improved.
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4

Qin, Ming, Hai Tao Dai, and Ming Wei Ge. "Evaluation of Water Cooling System of 1.5MW Rotor Based on CFD." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.386.

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The water cooling system of 1.5MW rotor is evaluated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). 48 cooling holes are opened on the rotor stator to arrange the water cooling pipes, the temperature of inlet of the cooling water is 50 C with the velocity 1.2m/s. It is found that the air gap between the cooling pipes and holes on the stator hinders the heat exchange extensively. For this reason, the cooling system can't meet the design requirement. In order to solve this problem, the pourable silicone is filled in the gap between the cooling pipes and holes to enhance thermal conductivity. Based on this idea, ten kinds of piping arrangements are proposed, among which, nine kinds can achieve the cooling requirement.
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5

Yang, Zhi-Gang, Jin-Lan Song, Yan-Fang Hu, and Kun-Fa Lee. "Discussion on Temperature Control Method of Cooling Water Pipe for Mass Concrete Construction." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 04037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016504037.

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For studying the influence of cooling pipes on the mass concrete construction, the dam is taken an example to build the ANSYS finite element model. The model simulates dam concrete construction based on two projects, one without cooling pipes and the other with cooling water pipes provided. The data comparison and analyzing will be in three aspects: temperature, stress and displacement. The result shows that the cooling pipes not only can indeed reduce the concrete temperature in a short time, making the concrete reach the steady temperature more quickly, but also help to alleviate the concrete temperature stress. However, the reductions of temperature do not make a great influence on the displacement during the construction process.
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6

Sun, Youhong, Xiaofeng Wang, Baochang Liu, Dali Ding, and Qingnan Meng. "Inverse solution to heat transfer coefficient during heat assembly of aluminum alloy drill pipes." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 2017): 168781401771497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017714970.

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With the rapid development of oil and gas industry, as well as geological exploration industry, the requirements on properties of aluminum alloy drill pipes are increasing. During heat assembly of aluminum alloy drill pipes, the cooling process inside the pipes has a direct impact on the connection performance of pipes. Thus, study of the convective heat transfer coefficient between the cooling water and the internal wall of aluminum alloy pipes is important. Conventional algorithms cannot easily solve the problem of determining the heat transfer coefficient at the complex structure of aluminum alloy drill pipes. Therefore, this article conducts a heat assembly experiment between aluminum alloy drill pipes and steel joints to obtain adequate, accurate temperature data. Based on these experimental data and an inverse heat conduction model, the heat transfer coefficients during the heat assembly process are determined by a finite element program and the differential evolution algorithm. The correlation curve between the cooling water flowrate and the convective heat transfer coefficient obtained in this article is important in the accurate prediction of heat transfer capacity and temperature field distribution during heat assembly at different cooling water flowrates. The analysis results show that the heat transfer coefficients are nonlinear functions of cooling water flowrates. The temperature is highest at location A1 and gradually declines backward along the axis of the drill pipe. The heat transfer coefficient gradually declines backward along the axis of the drill pipe. The increasing flowrate of cooling water will cause the convective heat transfer coefficient along the axis of the drill pipe to escalate irregularly.
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7

Sun, Shi Mei, Wei Liu, and Shi Yao. "Thermal Simulation of Cooling Channels in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 2091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.2091.

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Fuel cells heat dissipation and cooling is a vital part of PEMFC heat management. This paper used pure water as the coolant to control the temperature distribution inside fuel cells. Established cooling channels geometrical model and simulated the temperature distribution in the steady state by using software SINDA/FLUINT. Then discusses the effects of cooling channels branch quantity, diameter and coolant velocity on fuel cell internal temperature distribution, concludes that multi-branch, large diameter pipes and low-velocity coolant make PEMFC work at best conditions.
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8

Kniazev, S. N., N. V. Tepin, and N. M. Smagin. "DEVELOPMENT OF MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY FOR BIMETALLIC PIPES." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24, no. 4 (2022): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2022-24-4-116-123.

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The aim of the study was to develop a cost-effective technological process for manufacturing axisymmetric parts of the "Bimetallic tube" type with an internal cooling circuit. The article proposes to consider the technological process of cold volumetric stamping, which includes the most rational, from the point of view of resource saving, operations - reduction of a billet made of low-carbon structural steel and burnishing of a billet with high resistance to intercrystalline corrosion from low-carbon stainless steel. The product obtained by experimental technology, which is a bimetallic pipe with an internal cooling circuit. The developed computer model of the technological process made it possible to obtain a competitive product that has a wide range of applications. In the course of the work, an experimental study was also conducted, which confirmed the results of computer analysis. The absence of rubber seals in the production of the heat exchanger allows it to be used for aggressive environments in the chemical, oil and gas industry with temperatures from minus 40 to 300 degrees Celsius. The technology will increase the working pressure of the heat carriers to a value of at least 2 MPa. Due to the small cross-section of the cooling circuit, it is possible to achieve high coolant speeds, and the multi-entry circuit allows for a larger volume of coolant. At the same time, the efficiency of the heat exchanger increases by 5% compared to the sectional heat exchanger in its classic design. Quality characteristics: low metal consumption, strength, reliability, safety, ease of installation, maintainability. One of the main advantages of the technology is the high surface quality of the product (Ra 1,6), which guarantees the turbulent flow of the coolant. The efficiency of the heat exchanger according to the strictest estimates and for the most unfavorable conditions is 86.6%.
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9

Fang, Jian, Yang Hua Li, Kai Yi Xie, Xi Yang Zou, Meng Xiong Zhou, and Ze Xi Yuan. "Study on the Influence of Cooling Rate on the Property of Non-Quenching and Non-Tempering Steel OCTG." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 837–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.837.

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Two industrial produced non-quenching and non-tempering steels 40Mn2V and 36Mn2V had been tested by Gleeble-1500 thermal simulation machine to simulate MPM rolling, sizing and cooling process. The cooling rate in the air noticeably affected the final property of different size pipes. According to the measured practical cooling rates of different size pipes, appropriate size pipes with cooling rate at range of 0.9°C/s~1.6°C/s and 1.6 °C/s~2.1°C/s can be picked out to use steel 40Mn2V and 36Mn2V to produce grade N80 OCTG(Oil Country Tubular Goods) with steady property respectively. This result had been used in practical production, which greatly improved the property stability of grade N80 OCTG.
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10

Al-Helal, Ibrahim, Abdullah Alsadon, Samy Marey, Abdullah Ibrahim, Mohamed Shady, and Ahmed Abdel-Ghany. "Geothermal Energy Potential for Cooling/Heating Greenhouses in Hot Arid Regions." Atmosphere 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010105.

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In arid regions, drastic seasonal variations in the climatic parameters are common; thus, a high potential of geothermal effects for heating/cooling applications is expected. However, such applications are very limited in these regions due to the lack of information about underground temperature profiles of the surface and shallow zones. Therefore, this study aims to (i) measure the underground temperature profile for one year to determine the optimum depth for burying EAHE pipes; (ii) examine the possibility of water vapour condensation occurring in the buried EAHE pipes, if the air let into the pipes was humid; and (iii) quantify the maximum cooling/heating capacity, if an EAHE was implemented. The results show that a 3-m depth is optimal to bury EAHE pipes, where the ground temperature is 32 °C in the summer and 29 °C in the winter. These temperatures would provide a maximum cooling/heating capacity of 1000/890 MJ day−1 for each 1 m3 of humid air exhausted from a greenhouse. If the EAHE were to operate in a closed loop with a greenhouse, the condensation of water vapour in the EAHE pipes would be impossible during the cooling process. The results of this study are useful for designers using geothermal effects for indoor space cooling and heating in arid regions.
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11

Jiao, Ke-xin, Jian-liang Zhang, Guangwei Wang, and Chunlin Chen. "Investigation of water distribution features among pipes in BF hearth." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 1 (2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018052.

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The cooling system is important for the safety of blast furnace production. Measurements for over six months on a 1350 m3 blast furnace have shown that water volume distribution among the pipes in hearth is not uniform. The nature of the water volume distribution curve remains constant while furnace operation is normal, but is influenced by features of heat flux and hydrodynamic to the bustle pipe, which result in a 40–60% difference between maximum and minimum flow rates through individual pipe assemblies. A change in water volume is generally taken up by pipes that are working well. The water volume varies by 20–40% between pipes. That the problem about water non-uniform distribution of water-supplying system in cooling system is caused by the hydrodynamic pulsations existed between the parallel pipes and individual pipe. The cooling water temperature difference and water volume shows negative relationship. There may be some false positives of hearth erosion trends when the state of erosion is determined by water temperature difference for the non-uniform distribution of water volume. The inhomogeneity of the cooling intensity among the pipes merits attention.
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12

Zhu, Zhenyang, Yi Liu, Zhe Fan, Sheng Qiang, Zhiqiang Xie, Weimin Chen, and Congcong Wu. "Improved buried pipe element method for temperature-field calculation of mass concrete with cooling pipes." Engineering Computations 37, no. 8 (March 18, 2020): 2619–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-09-2019-0439.

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Purpose The buried pipe element method can be used to calculate the temperature of mass concrete through highly efficient computing. However, in this method, temperatures along cooling pipes and the convection coefficient of the cooling pipe boundary should be improved to achieve higher accuracy. Thus, there is a need to propose a method for improvement. Design/methodology/approach According to the principle of heat balance and the temperature gradient characteristics of concrete around cooling pipes, a method to calculate the water temperature along cooling pipes using the buried pipe element method is proposed in this study. By comparing the results of a discrete algorithm and the buried pipe element method, it was discovered that the convection coefficient of the cooling pipe boundary for the buried pipe element method is only related to the thermal conductivity of concrete; therefore, it can be calculated by inverse analysis. Findings The results show that the buried pipe element method can achieve the same accuracy as the discrete method and simulate the temperature field of mass concrete with cooling pipes efficiently and accurately. Originality/value This new method can improve the calculation accuracy of the embedded element method and make the calculation results more reasonable and reliable.
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13

Sung, Wen Pei, Ting Yu Chen, and Ming Hsiang Shih. "Evaluation of Cooling Wall System and Phenolic Resin as Thermal Barrier in Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.861.

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In recent years, thermal barrier technologies have become an important energy-saving for space heating and cooling of residential and commercial buildings in many countries. Building energy efficiency can be improved by implementing either active or passive energy efficient strategies. Improvements to heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems etc. can be categorized as active strategies, whereas, improvements to building envelope elements can be classified under passive strategies. Using cooling wall system and phenolic resin as thermal barrier are one of the effective passive strategies. Cooling wall system is composed of galvanized iron pipes located inside of walls. Fluid flows inside the pipes and then supply constant cooling temperature. In the study, system using of groundwater as renewable energy source for pipes cooling. The groundwater at depth of more than 5 meters below the surface has constant temperature year round. Lower temperature groundwater would cool the pipes of system by heat exchange process to achieve the cooling effect of wall. The phenolic resin is proposed as construction materials to use its thermal insulation property for developing a comfortable living and working indoor environment. The phenolic resin is an environmental friendly material, and an excellent thermal barrier. In this research, cooling wall system and phenolic resin were evaluated to reduce the thermal transfer from sunlight into the buildings, thus reducing the electricity consumption needs for air conditioning of the buildings.
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14

Oka, Kiyoshi, Akira Ito, and Yuji Takiguchi. "Development of Bore Tools for Pipe Welding and Cutting." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 10, no. 2 (April 20, 1998): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1998.p0104.

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In the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), in-vessel components replacement and maintenance requires that connected cooling pipes be cut and removed beforehand and that new components be installed to which cooling pipes must be rewelded. All welding must be inspected for soundness after completion. These tasks require a new task concept for ensuring shielded areas and access from narrow ports. Thus, it became necessary to develop autonomous locomotion welding and cutting tools for branch and main pipes to weld pipes by in-pipe access; a system was proposed that cut and welded branch and main pipes after passing inside pipe curves, and elemental technologies developed. This paper introduces current development in tools for welding and cutting branch pipes and other tools for welding and cutting the main pipe.
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15

Yamawaki, S., T. Yoshida, M. Taki, and F. Mimura. "Fundamental Heat Transfer Experiments of Heat Pipes for Turbine Cooling." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818186.

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Fundamental heat transfer experiments were carried out for three kinds of heat pipes that may be applied to turbine cooling in future aero-engines. In the turbine cooling system with a heat pipe, heat transfer rate and start-up time of the heat pipe are the most important performance criteria to evaluate and compare with conventional cooling methods. Three heat pipes are considered, called heat pipe A, B, and C, respectively. All heat pipes have a stainless steel shell and nickel sintered powder metal wick. Sodium (Na) was the working fluid for heat pipes A and B; heat pipe C used eutectic sodium-potassium (NaK). Heat pipes B and C included noncondensible gas for rapid start-up. There were fins on the cooling section of heat pipes. In the experiments, and infrared image furnace supplied heat to the heat pipe simulating turbine blade surface conditions. In the results, heat pipe B demonstrated the highest heat flux of 17 to 20 W/cm2. The start-up time was about 6 minutes for heat pipe B and about 16 minutes for heat pipe A. Thus, adding noncondensible gas effectively reduced start-up time. Although NaK is a liquid phase at room temperature, the startup time of heat pipe C (about 7 to 8 minutes) was not shorter than the heat pipe B. The effect of a gravitational force on heat pipe performance was also estimated by inclining the heat pipe at an angle of 90 deg. There was no significant gravitational dependence on heat transport for heat pipes including noncondensible gas.
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16

Pastukhov, V. G., Yu F. Maidanik, C. V. Vershinin, and M. A. Korukov. "Miniature loop heat pipes for electronics cooling." Applied Thermal Engineering 23, no. 9 (June 2003): 1125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-4311(03)00046-2.

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17

Mikulenok, I. O. "Modeling the cooling of smooth polymeric pipes." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 47, no. 11-12 (March 2012): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-012-9538-y.

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18

Vasiliev, L. L. "Heat pipes for ground heating and cooling." Heat Recovery Systems and CHP 8, no. 2 (January 1988): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(88)90005-1.

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19

Possamai, F. C., I. Setter, and L. L. Vasiliev. "Miniature heat pipes as compressor cooling devices." Applied Thermal Engineering 29, no. 14-15 (October 2009): 3218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.04.030.

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20

MATVEEV, Andrey G. "DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF HIGH EFFICIENT FANS OF RECUPERATORS FOR DECENTRALIZED INSTALLATION IN RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES." Urban construction and architecture 7, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.04.6.

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The article deals with the introduction of decentralized fans of recuperators of exhaust air heat, including using high-heat-conducting heat pipes with an intermediate coolant as a heat exchanger. The considered criteria form a comparative basis for the developed designs of heat recuperators for ventilation air in buildings, including heat pipes. The energy and economic effi ciency of such recuperators is analyzed. Areas are singled out where the use of heat recuperators is much more eff ective than increasing the capacity of heat pumps. As a result of ongoing research, cooling or heating modules based on aluminum, aluminum-copper radiators with integrated heat pipes will be developed as innovative products.
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21

Liu, Yun Xin, and Qiang Wang. "Heat Transmitting Research on Fresh Water Cooling System of a Self-Elevating Drilling Unit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.22.

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To ensure fresh water cooling system in a certain self-elevating drilling unit to work securely, the pipes of fresh water cooling system, which are immerged in ballast water tanks, are analyzed and designed by means of convective heat exchange and heat conduction. The calculated results show that it’s unnecessary to adopt insulating measures for the pipes of the fresh water cooling system exposed in sea water, and it saves cost for shipyard and ship owner. The references are afforded to the design of fresh water cooling system in the process of self-elevating drilling unit shipbuilding in the future.
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22

Tan, Chao Yi, Hai Hua Hu, Meng Meng Wang, Zhen Zhen Pan, and Han Qing Wang. "Calculation of the Maximum Length of the Directly Buried Cooling Pipes Applied in the District Cooling System (DCS)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2466.

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Formula of the maximum length of direct burial cooling pipes used in the district cooling system (DCS) was derived, by means of establishing the mathematical relationship between the maximum temperature rise of the pipe, under which the energy efficiency of the refrigeration unit would not decrease, and the thermal equilibrium of the pipe. And an engineering application with DCS in Zhuzhou was analyzed. The results showed that the insulation measures should be applied to the directly buried cooling pipes in engineering applications, appropriately with a thermal insulation layer of 0.04m.
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23

Prabu, N. Manikanda, S. Nallusamy, and G. Sureshkannan. "Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement Effect on Normal and Nano Coated Wick Structure Heat Pipes-A Comparative Assessment." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 51 (November 2020): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.51.191.

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Removal of heat generation is an important characteristic needs to be considered in electromechanical and electronic devices which improve the stability and feasibility of system. Despite numerous cooling methods, heat pipes are recent updating in research line. Heat pipes are one of the super conducting medium of heat energy and it is being used as an equipment to absorb more heat through phase change process of cooling medium circulated in it. It ensures the direct enhancement in heat transfer capacity and characteristics. Nowadays, improvement of the thermal performance in heat pipes getting up with various technologies, especially combination of heat pipe and Nano fluids. It has been experimentally practiced and various results are observed by previous researches that wick structure also a part of reason in improvement. The aim of this research work is to analyze the influence of wick material to improve heat transfer characteristics in heat pipes. In addition, combination of nano coated wick material with heat pipes is comparatively analyzed. From the final observed results it was found that, the best combination of wick material is supporting the better cooling requirements in electronic devices.
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24

Puglisi, Giovanni, Giuliano Vox, Angeliki Kavga, Fabiana Convertino, Ileana Blanco, and Evelia Schettini. "Solar Cooling: A renewable energy solution." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', no. 2 (January 2020): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2019-002-s1015.

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A sustainable and environmentally alternative to commonly used air conditioning systems can be the solar cooling system due to the use of renewable and clean energy. Solar absorption systems can be used for greenhouse cooling in areas with high outdoor temperatures and solar radiation levels. These systems take advantage of the simultaneity between the solar energy availability and the greenhouse cooling demand allowing the reduction of conventional electricity and water consumption. This paper presents the results of the application of a solar cooling plant for the climate control of a greenhouse at the University of Bari, Italy. The experimental plant consists of a Mediterranean greenhouse, having a surface of 300 m2, and of a single effect LiBr-H2O absorption chiller fed by evacuated-tube solar collectors. Two different localized systems were chosen for the distribution of cold inside the greenhouse: the first system presents pipes placed centrally on the cultivation vessels; the second consists of pipes in contact with aluminium plates and of a transparent EVA film, used to border an area close to plants. The distribution system of cold with pipes, plate and EVA film provided a slightly higher cooling capacity due to the presence of the plates which increases the ability to dissipate energy.
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25

Radaev, S. "Design Calculations of the Limiting Characteristics of Heat Pipes for Cooling Active Phased Antenna Arrays." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED AND THEORETICAL MECHANICS 16 (September 15, 2021): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232011.2021.16.15.

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The article provides an algorithm for calculating the limiting characteristics of heat pipes for cooling active phased antenna arrays at a given saturation temperature. The maximum transmitted power is determined taking into account the limitations of the heat pipes operation by the capillary limit, by boiling (transition to film boiling, boiling limit), by the sonic limit at which the speed of steam reaches the speed of sound (sonic limit), by the entrainment of droplets liquid coolant from the surface of the wick with a counter flow of steam (entertainment limit) and viscous limit, which is realized at low temperatures (viscous limit). It is shown that an increase in the thickness of the wick and its porosity may be necessary to increase the capillary limit of heat pipes, while an increase in the thickness of the wick increases the thermal resistance of the tube and, accordingly, can lead to overheating of the cooled elements. Based on the above algorithm, design calculations for two types of heat pipes have been carried out. The dependences of various limits of the heat pipe on the operating temperature are plotted. Based on the above algorithm, calculations were performed for two types of heat pipes.
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26

Zhang, Lin, Zhi Lei Ma, Qing Xuan Bo, Li Kun Wang, and Li Li Gao. "Heat Transfer and Anti-Fouling of Liquid-Solid Two-Phase Flow in Cooling Water Pipes of Staves." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 3035–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.3035.

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To solve the hard problem that the reduction of heat transfer efficiency on the cooling stave of blast furnace due to fouling deposition, solid particles have been added into the cooling water pipes, forming liquid-solid two-phase flow, which can change the heat transfer and anti-fouling capacities of the cooling water pipes. Under the different solid phase volume scores, the heat transfer and anti-fouling capacities of the liquid-solid two-phase flow in the cooling water pipes are studies. The results indicates that because of the perturbation and shearing effect of solid phase particles, not only can the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer capacity of the cooling water pipes be enhanced, but also the anti-fouling capacity be increased. Thus the highly effective running time of the equipment is greatly extended, realizing the long-term highly effective running of the cooling staves. The blast furnace cooling stave as heat exchange equipment, its heat transfer effects has the very important influence to blast furnace's life. In order to enhance cools wall's cooling capacity, the domestic and foreign scholars around material quality [1], structure optimization [2-4], dirt cleaning of water pipe [5], heat-transfer property [1] of the cooling wall and so on to do the massive fruitful research work. At present, the fouling cleaning of blast furnace stave cooling water pipe wall is still a difficult problem. The high-pressure water washing and sand washing methods are commonly used in industrial practice, these are "doctors after the disease first" and low efficiency methods. The effect removing dirty stuff is not very ideal. The cleaning effect of on-line chemical cleaning is difficult to guarantee. Liquid-solid fluidization cleaning technology can be used in the blast furnace to cool the cooling water pipe wall. It can on-line clean fouling and strengthen heat transfer. Its anti-fouling performance has been studied experimentally.
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27

GOGOLEV, G. V. "OPTION OF HEAT PIPES FOR COOLING OF MOLDS DURING INJECTION MOLDING PLASTICS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 3 (2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2021-347-3-57-62.

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In the article analyzed possibility using of heat pipes and two–phase thermal siphons in production plastic injection molding and die casting of zinc alloys. The advantages of heat pipes make it possible to use them to remove heat from hard–to–reach place of casting molds. Results of the comparative analyses of the work of various heat pipes are presented. The experimental researches were in the real temperature range of work carried out. The article gives recommendations on the option of capillary–porous structures and working fluids of heat pipes. The arterial heat pipe design proposed. The optimal geometric characteristics of mesh porous structure of this heat pipe are determined.
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Lin, Heng Sheng, Chung Ching Lee, Ying Chieh Lin, and Chia Hsien Li. "Micro Rotary Plunge-Swaging of Stainless Pipes." Key Engineering Materials 622-623 (September 2014): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.725.

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Micro parts like medical catheters or end effectors require micro rotary swaging to process forming or joining. Higher strength or sophisticated inner features can be achieved through micro rotary swaging which are difficult for the micro machining or grinding process. This work focuses on examining the formability of micro pipes of AISI 304 stainless steel with micro rotary plunge-swaging. Both as-received and vacuum-annealed pipes with both furnace-cooling and water-cooling were tested. The micro hardness and grain size of the as-received and vacuum-annealed pipes were measured. The result shows that the as-received micro pipes need be annealed to be suitable for the micro swaging process. Best swaging result was obtained when annealing with a holding time of 45 minutes and furnace-cooling were used. The G2 workpiece is better than the G1 and the G3 workpieces. This is because the G1 workpieces experience more deformation due to thicker walls, and insufficient grain layers were formed in the G3 workpiece during the annealing.
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Oka, Kiyoshi, Masataka Nakahira, Kou Taguchi, and Akira Ito. "Development of Bore Tools for Pipe Inspection." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 10, no. 2 (April 20, 1998): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1998.p0110.

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In the International Thermonuclear Reactor (ITER), replacement and maintenance on in-vessel components requires that all cooling pipes connected be cut and removed, that a new component be installed, and that all cooling pipes be rewelded. After welding is completed, welded area must be inspected for soundness. These tasks require a new work concept for securing shielded area and access from narrow ports. Tools had to be developed for nondestructive inspection and leak testing to evaluate pipe welding soundness by accessing areas from inside pipes using autonomous locomotion welding and cutting tools. A system was proposed for nondestructive inspection of branch pipes and the main pipe after passing through pipe curves, the same as for welding and cutting tool development. Nondestructive inspection and leak testing sensors were developed and the basic parameters were obtained. In addition, the inspection systems which can move inside pipes and conduct the nondestructive inspection and the leak testing were developed. In this paper, an introduction will be given to the current situation concerning the development of nondestructive inspection and leak testing machines for the branch pipes.
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Ivannikov, Yuri, Aleksandr Goriachkin, and Dmitry Bragin. "Cooling of an Active Magnetic Bearing." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 64, no. 2 (2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2021-2-22-31.

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In this paper temperature field of the magnetic bearing of a gas compressor unit was considered. A two dimension mathematical model was prepared. Model parameters were calculated with using of analytical techniques and laws of similarity. In result of numerical simulation temperature distribution of the magnetic bearing was made specific. Possibility of using of heat pipes for a magnetic bearing cooling improve was consid-ered. In result of this research temperature distribution of the magnetic bearing was identified. The particular characteristic of this a magnetic bearing design is significant influence of more hot rotor on coil thermal condition. Improve of rotor cooling based on using of heat pipes can decrease maximum temperature of rotor and coil stator. Found results can be using for development of cooling system of an active magnetic bearing.
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31

Mihalakakou, G., M. Santamouris, D. Asimakopoulos, and I. Tselepidaki. "Parametric prediction of the buried pipes cooling potential for passive cooling applications." Solar Energy 55, no. 3 (September 1995): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(95)00045-s.

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32

Mihalakakou, G. "Parametric prediction of the burled pipes cooling potential for passive cooling applications." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (May 1996): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)89016-3.

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33

Lv, Lu, and Ji Li. "Micro Flat Heat Pipes for Microelectronics Cooling: Review." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 6, no. 3 (September 24, 2013): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/22127976113066660011.

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34

Maydanik, Yury F., Sergey V. Vershinin, Vladimir G. Pastukhov, and Stephen Fried. "Loop Heat Pipes for Cooling Systems of Servers." IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies 33, no. 2 (June 2010): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcapt.2009.2035514.

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35

Vasil'ev, L. L. "Heat pipes for heating and cooling the ground." Journal of Engineering Physics 52, no. 4 (April 1987): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00872051.

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36

Martens, T. J., G. F. Nellis, J. M. Pfotenhauer, and T. M. Jahns. "Double-sided IPEM cooling using miniature heat pipes." IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies 28, no. 4 (December 2005): 852–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcapt.2005.848591.

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37

Bullerschen, Klaus-Gerd, and Herbert Wilhelmi. "Cooling of arc furnace electrodes with heat pipes." Chemical Engineering & Technology 14, no. 1 (January 1991): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140107.

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38

Denkena, B., B. Bergmann, K. Kono, R. Ishiguro, and H. Klemme. "CHARACTERIZATION OF HEAT CONDUCTIVITY OF ECCENTRICALLY ROTATING HEAT PIPES USED FOR COOLING OF MOTOR SPINDLES." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 4698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_7_2021078.

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Heat losses within motor spindles lead to undesired effects such as machining inaccuracies and de-creasing lifetime of the motor and bearings. To reduce thermal loads, complex shaft cooling concepts with costly sealing techniques exist. For this reason, a novel, less costly cooling concept has been de-veloped based on heat pipes with high thermal conductivity and fin-shaped heat exchangers. The de-sign and integration of these heat exchanger elements into a motor spindle is carried out using the fi-nite element method. The aim is to optimize the efficiency of the heat pipes and heat exchangers for optimal shaft cooling performance. For a simulation-based development of a prototype spindle, un-known thermal characteristics of the heat transfer elements must be determined. In this paper, the de-termination of the thermal conductivity of the heat pipes is described. The determination of conductivi-ty is done experimentally. First, the developed test rig and the applied procedure for the determination of the conductivity are shown. Subsequently, the experimental results are presented and discussed. Two types of heat pipes were analyzed: Copper heat pipes with sintered wick structure and nickel-plated copper heat pipes with axial grooves. The influences of rotational speed, heat flow rates and the angle between the heat pipe and main axis of rotation were investigated. The results indicate a distinct dependency of the conductivity on the varied parameters. However, changes of parameter values have very different quantitative and qualitative effects on the determined conductivities de-pending on the type of heat pipe.
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Zhou, Lemu, Fangyuan Zhou, and Hanbin Ge. "Improving Heat Exchange Performance of Massive Concrete Using Annular Finned Cooling Pipes." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (July 15, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5520949.

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Cracks will be generated due to high internal temperature of the massive concrete. Postcooling method is widely employed as a standard cooling technique to decrease the temperature of the poured mass concrete. In this paper, an annular finned cooling pipe which can increase the heat transfer area between the flowing water and its surrounding concrete is proposed to enhance the cooling effect of the postcooling method. Analysis of the interior temperature variation and distribution of the concrete block cooled by the annular finned cooling pipe system and the traditional cooling pipe system was conducted through the finite element models. It is found that, for the concrete block using the proposed annular finned cooling pipe system, the peak value of the interior temperature can be further lowered. Compared with the traditional cooling pipe, the highest temperature of concrete with an annular finned cooling pipe appears earlier than that with the traditional cooling pipe.
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40

RYU, HYUNG-KYOU. "PERFORMANCE MONITORING STUDY OF BUILDING-INTEGRATED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM IN WINTER AND SUMMER." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 21, no. 02 (June 2013): 1350015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132513500156.

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The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate ground heat exchanger using the foundation of a building. To this end, we added ground heat exchanger feature to PHC piles and evaluated its heating and cooling performance. First, we investigated the building's foundation system, pipes for heat exchanger and grouting materials. As an outcome, we designed a prototype of building-integrated geothermal system (BIGS). Second, we applied BIGS to apartment houses utility building in Osan S-apartment and G-housing in Song-Do that is 80% energy saving test bed. Third, for the performance of BIGS, we monitored heating performance during winter season in the Osan facility and cooling performance during summer season in the Song-Do facility.
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41

Winkler, Markus, David Rapp, Andreas Mahlke, Felix Zunftmeister, Marc Vergez, Erik Wischerhoff, Jürgen Clade, Kilian Bartholomé, and Olaf Schäfer-Welsen. "Small-Sized Pulsating Heat Pipes/Oscillating Heat Pipes with Low Thermal Resistance and High Heat Transport Capability." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 5, 2020): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071736.

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Electronics (particularly power electronics) are the core element in many energy-related applications. Due to the increasing power density of electronic parts, the demands on thermal management solutions have risen considerably. As a novel passive and highly efficient cooling technology, pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) can transfer heat away from critical hotspots. In this work, we present two types of small and compact PHPs with footprints of 50 × 100 mm2, thicknesses of 2 and 2.5 mm and with high fluid channel density, optimized for cooling electronic parts with high power densities. The characterization of these PHPs was carried out with a strong relation to practical applications, revealing excellent thermal properties. The thermal resistance was found to be up to 90% lower than that of a comparable solid copper plate. Thus, a hot part with defined heating power would remain at a much lower temperature level and, for the same heater temperature, a much larger heating power could be applied. Moreover, the dependence of PHP operation and thermal properties on water and air cooling, condenser area size and orientation is examined. Under some test configurations, dryout conditions are observed which could be avoided by choosing an appropriate size for the fluid channels, heater and condenser.
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Al-Atroush, Mohamed Ezzat, Abdulrahman Marouf, Mansour Aloufi, Mohamed Marouf, Tamer A. Sebaey, and Yasser E. Ibrahim. "Structural Performance Assessment of Geothermal Asphalt Pavements: A Comparative Experimental Study." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 12855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912855.

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This paper introduces shallow geothermal systems as a potential solution for improving the thermo-mechanical performance of asphalt under extreme climate events. With the recent changes experienced in the climate, earlier infrastructure failure can be expected, predominantly for temperature-sensitive flexible pavements. With that in mind, the efficiency of geothermal systems in terms of heating and cooling was comprehensively argued in many studies. However, very limited studies discussed the structural performance of geothermal pavements. This study conducted a comparative experimental study to assess the change in the compressive and flexural strengths of asphalt under extreme heating and cooling conditions and to evaluate the change in asphalt structural performance due to integrating different types of geothermal pipes into the asphalt structure. This comparative analysis employed thirty-three asphalt specimens with and without copper and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) geothermal pipes. The results of this study show that the geothermal pipes negatively affected the compressive strength of the asphalt at a normal average temperature. However, their effect was relatively minimal on the asphalt (AC) compressive strength under extreme heating and cooling conditions. In contrast, under three thermal conditions—normal, heating, and cooling temperatures—the flexure strength of the AC was significantly improved by 14.3%, 85%, and 70%, respectively, due to the copper pipe integration into the AC. The study concluded that copper pipes were superior to PVC ones in terms of enhancing the AC structural performance.
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Xin, Jianda, Xiaoming Jiang, Dingquan He, Huaiyu Jiang, Lei Zhang, Juan Wang, and Wenqian Hou. "Research on risk and measure of temperature control and crack prevention for foundation cushion of dam." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 18 (November 13, 2022): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v18i.2515.

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In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element method was used to analyze the peak value of the foundation cushion of typical section of the Sanhekou dam, and the water cooling and pouring process were accordingly simulated. In order to meet the temperature control standards, three working conditions were analyzed. Results show that the use of refined water pipes and lower pouring temperature can make the maximum temperature of concrete lower than 30 ℃. However, refined water pipes will lead to greater tensile stress at the end of second cooling stage and the strategy of "small temperature difference, slow cooling rate" should be adopted to further reduce the risk of cracking during later age.
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44

Sungkar, Ali A., Firman Ikhsan, M. Afin Faisol, and Nandy Putra. "Performance of Thermoelectrics and Heat Pipes Refrigerator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 388 (August 2013): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.388.52.

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Most of refrigerators commonly use the conventional refrigeration system known as Vapor Compression Refrigeration System becoming a big issue lately due to ozone depleting substance it uses as the refrigerant. This paper will shows step by step of an experiment with the objective of constructing a refrigeration system based on thermoelectric which is reliable and compete able with the Vapor Compression Refrigeration System. The designing of this refrigeration system shows attention to the environment that is combined with the knowledge so the environmental friendly technology can be applied. The performance of thermoelectric refrigerator was conducted under variation of input power (40W, 72W, and 120W) and operated in ambient temperature and cooling load of water 1000mL to investigate the characteristic of system, the performance, and also the COP. The COP is decrease by increasing of cooling load, QL. The best actual COP is 0.182 reached when the refrigerator operated at input power 40W. The result, it shows that decreasing of ambient temperature affects the decreasing of cabin temperature. Thermoelectric and heat pipe refrigerator cooling system can reach cabin temperature with power 120Watt (8.73A, 14V) produces temperature of compartment is 10.63°C indicates effective performance work-based thermoelectric applications.
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45

Zhao, Xin, Yan Wei Sui, Ai Hui Liu, Fei Fei Wang, Zhi Sun, and Zhi Jiang Hao. "The Numerical Simulation about Second Dendrite Spacing of Low Pressure Casting Automobile Aluminum Magnesium Alloy Wheel." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2096–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2096.

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Using the method of numerical simulation and the AnyCasting software, the simulation for SDAS of Al-Mg alloy wheels for low pressure casting is studied. The simulation model is established and the effects of preheating temperature, melt pouring temperature and cooling water pipes on SDAS in the low pressure casting process was founded. The results show that, SDAS presents linear variation with the increase of preheating temperature and pouring temperature; opened cooling pipes make SDAS smaller. The practice of simulating casting is verified by experiments, and test results and simulation results were consistent.
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46

Sarafraz, M., Mohammad Safaei, Arturo Leon, Iskander Tlili, Tawfeeq Alkanhal, Zhe Tian, Marjan Goodarzi, and M. Arjomandi. "Experimental Investigation on Thermal Performance of a PV/T-PCM (Photovoltaic/Thermal) System Cooling with a PCM and Nanofluid." Energies 12, no. 13 (July 4, 2019): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132572.

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In the present work, an experimental investigation is performed to assess the thermal and electrical performance of a photovoltaic solar panel cooling with multi-walled carbon nanotube–water/ethylene glycol (50:50) nano-suspension (MWCNT/WEG50). The prepared nanofluid was stabilized using an ultrasonic homogenizer together with the addition of 0.1vol% of nonylphenol ethoxylates at pH = 8.9. To reduce the heat loss and to improve the heat transfer rate between the coolant and the panel, a cooling jacket was designed and attached to the solar panel. It was also filled with multi-walled carbon nanotube–paraffin phase change material (PCM) and the cooling pipes were passed through the PCM. The MWCNT/WEG50 nanofluid was introduced into the pipes, while the nano-PCM was in the cooling jacket. The electrical and thermal power of the system and equivalent electrical–thermal power of the system was assessed at various local times and at different mass fractions of MWCNTs. Results showed that with an increase in the mass concentration of the coolant, the electricity and power production were promoted, while with an increase in the mass concentration of the nanofluid, the pumping power was augmented resulting in the decrease in the thermal–electrical equivalent power. It was identified that a MWCNT/WEG50 nano-suspension at 0.2wt% can represent the highest thermal and electrical performance of 292.1 W/m2. It was also identified that at 0.2wt%, ~45% of the electricity and 44% of the thermal power can be produced with a photovoltaic (PV) panel between 1:30 pm to 3:30 pm.
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47

Li, Pan Wu, and Qian Qian Si. "The Design of Cooling Water Pipe and Cooling Analysis in Mass Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3510.

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Inconstruction process of mass concrete is apt to form excessive temperature stress and cause mass concrete cracking, because of its high inner temperature, big internal and external temperature difference. In order to prevent their cracking, in mass concrete of the internal Settings with cooling water pipe cooling is one of the commonly used massive concrete construction method. This paper presents a massive concrete design of cooling water cooling and calculation theory, based on the cooling pipes in concrete heat transfer performance, through the cooling water pipe and concrete heat exchange principle.
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48

Behrens, Bernd Arno, and Tobias Prüß. "Alternative Temperature Control of Closed Forging Dies Using Heat Pipes." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.311.

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The temperature of forging dies has a high influence on the wear development of the tool surface. To reduce the thermal impact on tool life cooling lubricants are used in many manufacturing processes. They perform two functions: tool cooling and reduction of friction. Cooling lubricants must always meet these two requirements. Within this article the separation and the particular optimization of both functions is presented.As an alternative to a graphite-water-mixture, boron nitride is the medium of choice for lubrication purposes, since it features excellent lubricant properties. For a high wettability it is applied by electrostatic coating.As an alternative approach to removing heat from a forging die, the usage of heat pipes is for the first time investigated in this paper. These passive elements are able to transport heat without using external energy. They will be varied in form and volume. This cooling method will be qualified for the use in forging dies.
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49

Yan, Ai Jun, Wei Juan Hu, Ying Cao, Mo Cao, Zhi Qiang Yang, and La Jun Feng. "Corrosion and Protection of 0Cr18Ni9 Stainless Steel Cooling Water Pipe in Power Plant." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.395.

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This paper analyzed the morphology and reasons of pitting corrosion perforation of 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel cooling water pipes in a power plant and pointed out the measures to prevent the pitting corrosion under this condition. The results showed that: the reason of pitting corrosion of 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel cooling water pipes was the existence of multiple Cl-and easily fouling Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water, with the corrosion products mainly the oxides of Fe and Cr; the economic measures to prevent pitting corrosion were to increase the pH of water and decrease the content of Ca2+ and Mg2+.
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Vasiliev, Leonard, and Alexander Zhuravlyov. "Innovative heat pipes and thermosyphons for renewable sources of energy application." E3S Web of Conferences 70 (2018): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187001018.

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In the paper the authors present possibilities of use two-phase heat-conducting devices at cooling technologies for PV and PV/T solar cooling and air-conditioning. Three ways to improve heat conductive properties of heat pipes and thermosyphons with help of nanotechnologies are considered: use of nanofluids, application of nanocoatings on heat loaded surfaces and polymer composites with nanoparticles producing. A mini bubbles generation of the working fluid inside the transparent thermosyphon evaporator with nanocoating under the solar radiation influence was observed. Nanotechnologies allow to intensify heat transfer processes and reduce energy losses in original designs of heat pipes and thermosyphons.
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