Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cooling crystallization process

Academic literature on the topic 'Cooling crystallization process'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cooling crystallization process"

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Ettouney, R. S., and M. A. El-Rifai. "Indirect Cooling Crystallization Process Analysis." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 85, no. 11 (January 2007): 1476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/cherd07052.

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Bosq, Nicolas, Nathanaël Guigo, and Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli. "Crystallization Behaviour of Polytetrafluoroethylene over very Large Cooling Rate Domains." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.201.

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Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a semi-crystalline polymer that demonstrates a very fast crystallization process on cooling. This study investigates the nonisothermal PTFE ultra-fast crystallization over a wide range of cooling rates via conventional Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fast Scanning Calorimetry (FSC) and Ultra-Fast Scanning Calorimetry (UFSC). A new knowledge about crystallization kinetics of PTFE is obtained from the data obtained under very fast cooling rates. The shift of the melting peak to lower temperature shows that the crystals formed under fast cooling rates are slightly less stable than those produced under slower cooling rates. SEM analysis allows to observe these differences in crystal morphologies. According to the results, the crystallization is still present even for the fastest cooling rate employed and in consequences it is impossible to reach a metastable glassy state. The effective activation energy (Eα) displays a variation with the relative extent of crystallization (α) that is characteristic of a transition of PTFE crystallization from regime II to regime III around 312°C. Following the Hoffman-Lauritzen theory the Eα dependency obtained from the crystallizations under the different cooling rates was fitted in order to study the theoretical dependence of the growth rate.
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Hou, Jianfeng, Kefeng Pan, and Xihan Tan. "Preparation of 6N,7N High-Purity Gallium by Crystallization: Process Optimization." Materials 12, no. 16 (August 10, 2019): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12162549.

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In this study, radial crystallization purification method under induction was proposed for preparing 6N,7N ultra-high purity gallium crystal seed. The effect of cooling temperature on the morphology of the crystal seed, as well as the cooling water temperature, flow rate, and the addition amount of crystal seed on the crystallization process was explored, and the best purification process parameters were obtained as follows: temperature of the crystal seed preparation, 278 K; temperature and flow rate of the cooling water, 293 K and 40 L·h−1, respectively; and number of added crystal seed, six. The effects of temperature and flow rate of the cooling water on the crystallization rate were investigated. The crystallization rate decreased linearly with increasing cooling water temperature, but increased exponentially with increasing cooling water flow. The governing equation of the crystallization rate was experimentally determined, and three purification schemes were proposed. When 4N crude gallium was purified by Scheme I, 6N high-purity gallium was obtained, and 7N high-purity gallium was obtained by Schemes II and III. The purity of high-purity gallium prepared by the three Schemes I, II, and III was 99.999987%, 99.9999958%, and 99.9999958%, respectively.
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Dai, Guangming, Lihua Zhan, Chenglong Guan, and Minghui Huang. "The effect of cooling rate on crystallization behavior and tensile properties of CF/PEEK composites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 41, no. 6 (April 14, 2021): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2020-0356.

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Abstract In this study, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were performed to measure the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composites under different cooling rates. The characteristic parameters of crystallization were obtained, and the nonisothermal crystallization model was established. The crystallization temperature range of the material at different cooling rates was predicted by the model. The unidirectional laminates were fabricated at different cooling rates in the crystallization temperature range. The results showed that the crystallization temperature range shifted to a lower temperature with the increase of cooling rate, the established nonisothermal crystallization model was consistent with the DSC test results. It is feasible to shorten the cooling control range from the whole process to the crystallization range. The crystallinity and transverse tensile strength declined significantly with the increase of the cooling rate in the crystallization temperature range. The research results provided theoretical support for the selection of cooling conditions and temperature control range, which could be applied to the thermoforming process of semi-crystalline polymer matrixed composites to improve the manufacturing efficiency.
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Mursalin, Mursalin. "Crystallization Kinetics Of Coconut Oil Based On Gompertz Model." Indonesian Food Science and Technology Journal 1, no. 1 (May 17, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ifstj.v1i1.4269.

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The cooling rate and temperature of crystallization has been proven to be very influential on the rate of crystal formation oil. Oil crystallization kinetics can be measured by monitoring changes in the solid fat content(SFC) of oil during cooling process. In this study, SFC measuredusing pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (pNMR). Four levels of cooling rates and temperature crystallization studied. Crystallization kinetics parameters were measured by applying the model of Gompertz. Gompertz model used to explain the induction time, the increase in the maximum rate of crystallization and the crystalline polymorphic. Crystallization was done by heating the oil at a temperature of 70°C for 10 minutes prior to rapid cooling to 29°C. Then, rate of cooling from 29°C to the crystallization temperature (critical cooling rate) was set below 2°C/minutes. During the process, the oil was stirred at 15 rpm. Solid fraction was measured periodically since the crystallization temperature was reached until maximum solid fraction was achieved. The results showed that the Gompertzmodel able to quantitatively describe the crystallization kinetics of coconut oil. Lower critical cooling rate reduces the induction time of crystallization but accelerate the maximum increase rate of crystallization. Crystallization temperature has a negative correlation with the induction time and the maximum increase rate of crystallization. In the crystallization of coconut oil, critical cooling rate and crystallization temperature are only influence on the thermodynamics and kinetics of crystallization but not on its polymorphic formation.
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Lang, Yi-dong, Arturo M. Cervantes, and Lorenz T. Biegler. "Dynamic Optimization of a Batch Cooling Crystallization Process." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 38, no. 4 (April 1999): 1469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie980585u.

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Qin, Hong Wu, Xiao Xue Xing, and Xian Zhang. "The Analysis for Crystallization of Sn-Pb Alloys Using Acoustic Emission Testing about Wind Turbine Root Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.83.

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Regular researches of system Sn-Pb alloys with use AE are carried out in various crystallization conditions. In the given researches the technique has been used, which allow to divide the signals radiated with plastic deformation and crack's formation and development from each process. In the metals and alloys majority radiation of AE signals begins in the middle of crystallization's area and comes to an end at the moment of the crystallization termination However in a number of materials AE signals have been registered below an excess point on a cooling curve in a firm condition. Essential influence of small impurity on AE feature and is revealed at crystallization AE character with crystallization of pure metals is defined by a kind of a crystal lattice. Linear dependence total AE from cooling rate is established Influence of superfluous and low residual pressure on AE character established with crystallization.
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Samsuri, Shafirah, Nurul Aini Amran, Loh Jia Zheng, and Muhammad Muhaimin Mohd Bakri. "Effect of coolant temperature and cooling time on fractional crystallization of biodiesel and glycerol." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v13n4.925.

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In the middle of the era of technology and fast-growing industry nowadays, biodiesel (methyl ester) has been identified as a sustainable fuel to replace petroleum. Hence, the separation and purification of the methyl ester after the trans-esterification process is essential since the purification of methyl ester is compulsory for the fuel industry in order to fulfill the strict global standard particulars for methyl ester. One of the current method used for separation and purification of methyl ester is called wet washing technology. However, this technology has its own drawbacks such as huge amount of water consumption as well as high cost for the wastewater treatment process. Due to these drawbacks, fractional crystallization process is proposed in order to save water and minimize the time consumed for the process of separation and purification of methyl ester. Fractional crystallization is a process that involved a solid-liquid separation where the process takes place in a crystallizer. In this process, methyl ester was separated from the glycerol based on their differences in term of melting point of the components. By observing the layer formation of the components, the effect of cooling time and coolant temperature on the performance of separation and purification of methyl ester by fractional crystallization process were studied. The purified methyl ester obtained was placed in a gas chromatographer in order to test the purity of methyl ester and to evaluate the efficiency of the process based on two parameters that has been investigated which are effective partition constant (K) and concentration efficiency (Eff). It was found that to achieve highest effectiveness of fractional crystallization system and highest concentration efficiency where K and Eff are 0.51 and 47.71%, respectively, the fractional crystallization must operate at coolant temperature range of -10 to -12ºC and cooling time range of 30 to 35 minutes.
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Spoerer, Yvonne, Regine Boldt, René Androsch, and Ines Kuehnert. "Pressure- and Temperature-Dependent Crystallization Kinetics of Isotactic Polypropylene under Process Relevant Conditions." Crystals 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091138.

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In this study, a non-nucleated homopolymer (HP) and random copolymer (RACO), as well as a nucleated HP and heterophasic copolymer (HECO) were investigated regarding their crystallization kinetics. Using pvT-measurements and fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC), the crystallization behavior was analyzed as a function of pressure, cooling rate and temperature. It is shown that pressure and cooling rate have an opposite influence on the crystallization temperature of the materials. Furthermore, the addition of nucleating agents to the material has a significant effect on the maximum cooling rate at which the formation of α-crystals is still possible. The non-nucleated HP and RACO materials show significant differences that can be related to the sterically hindering effect of the comonomer units of RACO on crystallization, while the nucleated materials HP and HECO show similar crystallization kinetics despite their different structures. The pressure-dependent shift factor of the crystallization temperature is independent of the material. The results contribute to the description of the relationship between the crystallization kinetics of the material and the process parameters influencing the injection-molding induced morphology. This is required to realize process control in injection molding in order to produce pre-defined morphologies and to design material properties.
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Kang, Yue, Chao Liu, Yuzhu Zhang, and Hongwei Xing. "Influence of Crystallization Behavior of Gas Quenching Blast Furnace Slag on the Preparation of Amorphous Slag Beads." Crystals 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10010030.

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Slag beads with different crystal content could be obtained through the gas quenching blast furnace slag (BFS) process. In order to increase the additional value of the slag beads as much as possible, it was necessary to restrain the crystallization of the slag beads as much as possible. In this paper, the mineral types and crystallization temperatures of BFS with different basicities and cooling rates were studied by using Factsage thermodynamic software, XRD, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) experiments, which obtained the gas quenching temperature and the cooling rate needed to restrain crystallization behavior in the gas quenching process; The crystallization mechanism was studied by calculating crystallization activation energy (Ec) using the DSC experiment, at the same time, the thermodynamic results were verified. The proper basicity and cooling rate of BFS were found to be conducive to the preparation of amorphous slag beads. The results showed that the initial crystallization temperature decreased with decreasing the basicity and increasing the cooling rate, which could increase the amorphous content of slag beads in the gas quenching process. The crystallization activation energy (Ec) increased with decreasing basicity, which increased the crystallization barrier.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cooling crystallization process"

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Li, Huayu. "Process measurements and kinetics of unseeded batch cooling crystallization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53503.

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This thesis describes the development of an empirical model of focus beam reflectance measurements (FBRM) and the application of the model to monitoring batch cooling crystallization and extracting information on crystallization kinetics. Batch crystallization is widely used in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries to purify and separate solid products. The crystal size distribution (CSD) of the final product greatly influences the product characteristics, such as purity, stability, and bioavailability. It also has a great effect on downstream processing. To achieve a desired CSD of the final product, batch crystallization processes need to be monitored, understood, and controlled. FBRM is a promising technique for in situ determination of the CSD. It is based on scattering of laser light and provides a chord-length distribution (CLD), which is a complex function of crystal geometry. In this thesis, an empirical correlation between CSDs and CLDs is established and applied in place of existing first-principles FBRM models. Built from experimental data, the empirical mapping of CSD and CLD is advantageous in representing some effects that are difficult to quantify by mathematical and physical expressions. The developed model enables computation of the CSD from measured CLDs, which can be followed during the evolution of the crystal population during batch cooling crystallization processes. Paracetamol, a common drug product also known as acetaminophen, is selected as the model compound in this thesis study. The empirical model was first established and verified in a paracetamol-nonsolvent (toluene) slurry, and later applied to the paracetamol-ethanol crystallization system. Complementary to the FBRM measurements, solute concentrations in the liquid phase were determined by in situ infrared spectra, and they were jointly implemented to monitor the crystallization process. The framework of measuring the CSD and the solute concentration allows the estimation of crystallization kinetics, including those for primary nucleation, secondary nucleation, and crystal growth. These parameters were determined simultaneously by fitting the full population balance model to process measurements obtained from multiple unseeded paracetamol-ethanol crystallization runs. The major contributions of this thesis study are (1) providing a novel methodology for using FBRM measurements to estimate CSD; (2) development of an experimental protocol that provided data sets rich in information on crystal growth and primary and secondary nucleation; (3) interpretation of kinetics so that appropriate model parameters could be extracted from fitting population balances to experimental data; (4) identification of the potential importance of secondary nucleation relative to primary nucleation. The protocol and methods developed in this study can be applied to other systems for evaluating and improving batch crystallization processes.
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Merheb, Graciela de Amaral. "Estudo do processo de cristalização de sacarose a partir de soluções provenientes de cana-de-açúcar por resfriamento controlado." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4015.

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Today, Brazil is the major producer and exporter of sugar in the world. In the last harvest 2008/2009, 31.5 millions tons were produced, of which 60% were exported providing a 40% of international market share. However, sugar is a product that has commercial difficulties, due to the hard restrictions, such as rates, subsidizes and technical barriers like the use of sulfur (input) in laundering. Because of this, the development of a technology for the production of sugar with superior quality, less cost and without sulfur for the laundering would be of great interest for the productive sector. The present work aims to study the process of crystallization of sucrose from sugar solutions of syrup and sugar cane by controlled cooling. A laboratory plant with production capacity of 1 kg of sugar per batch, installed in the laboratory of industrial development of the Sugarcane Technology Center (CTC) in Piracicaba was used for the present work. The results regarding the reduction of impurities initially present in sugar crystals through crystallization by controlled cooling were: 95% in color, 85% in starch and 80% in dextran. For the syrup classified as VVHP, reductions obtained in crystals through crystallization by controlled cooling were: 96% of the final color of the sugar (from 10,100 IU to 361 IU), 98% in the amount of ash conductivity, 84% in the amount of starch and 52% in the amount of dextran. Obtained the results led to the construction of a pilot plant by scaling the process that will be implemented in an industrial unit.
O Brasil, hoje, é o principal produtor e exportador de açúcar do mundo. Foram produzidas na última safra 2008/2009, 31,5 milhões de toneladas de açúcar, das quais cerca de 60% foram exportadas, gerando ao país um domínio de 40% do mercado internacional. No entanto, o açúcar é um produto de relativa dificuldade para comercialização internacional, em razão de fortes restrições, como cotas, subsídios e barreiras técnicas, como a utilização do enxofre (insumo), para o branqueamento. Por isso, o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia de produção de açúcar de melhor qualidade, com redução de custos e que não necessite de enxofre para o branqueamento seriam de grande interesse para o setor produtivo. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo do processo de cristalização de sacarose a partir de soluções provenientes de açúcar e xarope de cana-de-açúcar por resfriamento controlado, através de uma planta laboratorial, com capacidade de produção de 1 kg de açúcar por batelada, instalada no laboratório de desenvolvimento industrial do Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira (CTC) em Piracicaba. Os resultados quanto à redução de impurezas presentes inicialmente nos cristais de açúcar através da cristalização por resfriamento controlado foram: de 95% de cor; 85% de amido e 80% de dextrana. Para o xarope classificado como VVHP, as reduções obtidas nos cristais através da cristalização por resfriamento controlado foram: de 96% na cor do açúcar final (de 10.100 UI para 361 UI), de 98% na quantidade de cinzas condutimétricas, de 84% na quantidade de amido e de 52% na quantidade de dextrana. A partir dos resultados obtidos, motivou-se a construção de uma unidade piloto através do scale-up do processo laboratorial, a ser implantada em uma unidade industrial.
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Comisso, Tiago Boni. "Estudo experimental do processo de rotomoldagem: efeitos sobre a morfologia e estabilidade dimensional." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2011. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1451.

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In the present study the warpage of rotationally molded parts of a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was investigated. The effect of different processing factors as part thickness, cooling condition and diameter of the venting tube was evaluated. In addition to the rotational molding experiments, an alternative experimental technique, denominated “Hot Press”, was also applied to investigate the warpage of two different grades of LLDPE under typical rotational molding conditions, which means slow cooling from only one side. Crystallinity and spherulitic morphology along the thickness of the rotationally molded parts were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Polarized Light Optical Microscopy. It is shown that the warpage increases with the increase of the cooling rate. Increase of diameter of the venting tube is more effective in reducing the warpage of rotationally molded parts mainly for lower cooling rates. In hot press experiments the grade of LLDPE with lower melt flow index and higher flexural strength presented lower warpage. Part thickness affects the warpage in hot press experiments only for faster cooling rates. In general, crystallinity and spherulitic diameter are lower in positions along the rotationally molded part thickness where the cooling rate is faster.
No presente estudo o empenamento de peças de polietileno linear de baixa densidade (PELBD) moldadas por rotomoldagem foi investigado. O efeito de diferentes fatores como espessura da peça, taxa de resfriamento e diâmetro de tubo de ventilação foi avaliado. Em adição aos experimentos de rotomoldagem, uma técnica alternativa denominada “Hot Press” foi também aplicada para investigar o empenamento de dois diferentes PELBD sob condições típicas da rotomoldagem quanto ao resfriamento assimétrico. Cristalinidade e morfologia esferulítica ao longo da espessura das peças rotomoldadas foram avaliadas por Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC) e Microscopia Ótica de Luz Polarizada. Verificou-se que o grau de empenamento aumenta com o aumento da taxa de resfriamento. O aumento do diâmetro do tubo de ventilação é mais efetivo na redução do empenamento principalmente em menores taxas de resfriamento. Nos experimentos de “Hot Press” o PELBD com menor índice de fluidez e maior módulo de flexão apresentou menor empenamento. Nos experimentos de “Hot Press” a espessura das peças afetou o empenamento somente para taxas de resfriamento mais rápidas. Em geral, a cristalinidade e o tamanho de esferulitos se mostraram menores nas posições ao longo da espessura das peças rotomodadas onde as taxas de resfriamento eram mais rápidas.
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CHANG, CHIA-HSING, and 張家馨. "(I)Synergistic Effect of Dynamic-cooling/Freeze-drying Process and Fullerene Bisadduct on the Morphology of Conjugated Polymer/PCBM Blends(II)Shear-induced Crystallization Process of pBCN/PCBM in o-xylene Solution." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7d946x.

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碩士
輔仁大學
化學系
107
P3HT/PCBM blend films have been used in the photoactive layer of polymer solar cells. In the blend film, bulk-heterojuction (BHJ) structure can enhance contact area between materials and facilitate the exciton dissociation. In addition, controlling molecular aggregation of conjugating polymer has been a critical issue for polymer solar cells. Higher crystalline of P3HT is benificial to absorption spectra and carrier mobility. Thermal annealing has been used to improve crystalline of P3HT in many references. However, thermal annealing results in phase separation due to poor compatibility. Here, the new processes are applied to improve crystalline of polymer prior to coating process and decrease probability of phase separation so that minimum/or no post-treatment .With respect to materials, in high PCE polymer solar cells, low band-gap conjugated copolymer has been widely used to enhance absorption spectra recently, however, they are not often crystallizable because of different monomers used in the polymer backbones. Therefore, this study will apply the new processes to conjugated copolymer (pBCN). Part one, synergistic effect of dynamic cooling/freeze drying process is applied to pBCN/PCBM blend to enhance aggregation of pBCN and decrease agglomeration of PCBM. The dynamic-cooling process allows pBCN molecules to aggregate in solution into a more organized structure during the cooling process; the freeze-drying process prevents severe agglomeration of PCBM during the solvent removing process. To improve stability of blend films, we add additive (bis-PCBM) to decrease agglomeration of PCBM after thermal annealing. Part two, a shear–induced-crystallization (SIC) process is applied to the polymer solution prior to coating process. Experimental results indicate that after applying SIC process to a crystallizable polymer, pBCN, aggregation of pBCN is enhanced than that from spin-coating process. Additionally, film absorption study shows that aggregation of pBCN does not affected by addition of PCBM, which makes the SIC process feasible for the fabrication of polymer solar cells.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cooling crystallization process"

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Zhang, Jie, Yunteng He, Lei Lei, Yuzhong Yao, Stephen Bradford, and Wei Kong. "Electron Diffraction of Molecules and Clusters in Superfluid Helium Droplets." In Topics in Applied Physics, 343–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94896-2_8.

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AbstractIn an effort to solve the crystallization problem in crystallography, we have been engaged in developing a method termed “serial single molecule electron diffraction imaging” (SS-EDI). The unique features of SS-EDI are superfluid helium droplet cooling and field-induced orientation. With two features combined, the process constitutes a molecular goniometer. Unfortunately, the helium atoms surrounding the sample molecule also contribute to a diffraction background. In this chapter, we analyze the properties of a superfluid helium droplet beam and its doping statistics, and demonstrate the feasibility of overcoming the background issue by using the velocity slip phenomenon of a pulsed droplet beam. Electron diffraction profiles and pair correlation functions of monomer-doped droplets, small cluster and nanocluster -doped droplets are presented. The timing of the pulsed electron gun and the effective doping efficiency under different dopant pressures can both be controlled for size selection. This work clears any doubt of the effectiveness of superfluid helium droplets in SS-EDI, thereby advancing the effort in demonstrating the “proof-of-concept” one step further.
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Maclennan, John. "The Supply of Heat to Mid-Ocean Ridges by Crystallization and Cooling of Mantle Melts." In Magma to Microbe: Modeling Hydrothermal Processes at Ocean Spreading Centers, 45–73. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/178gm04.

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Costa, Caliane Bastos Borba, and Rubens Maciel Filho. "Cooling crystallization: a process-product perspective." In 16th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering and 9th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, 967–72. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(06)80171-9.

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"Appendix 1 Pharma case: production increase by combined evaporation crystallization and cooling crystallization." In Process Intensification, 213–16. De Gruyter, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110657357-020.

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Abbas, Ali, S. Mostafa Nowee, and Jose A. Romagnoli. "Model-based optimization for operational policies in seeded cooling crystallization." In 16th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering and 9th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, 1347–52. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(06)80234-8.

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Liu, Jiaxu, and Brahim Benyahia. "Systematic model-based dynamic optimization of a combined cooling and antisolvent multistage continuous crystallization process." In 31st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, 1221–27. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-88506-5.50188-1.

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Maduraipandian, Malaidurai. "Simulation of Mn2-x Fe1+x Al Intermetallic Alloys Microstructural Formation and Stress-Strain Development in Steel Casting." In Applications and Techniques for Experimental Stress Analysis, 231–44. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1690-4.ch015.

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In this simulation, the permeation of the n-phase precipitation to the Mn2 Fe Al crystallization is induced by the steel casting solidification process by JMatPro. Using the model, the morphological evolution of the Fe and Mn in different percentages was obtained, in which the heated data obtained by simulating casting and extreme heat treatment processes were adopted. This chapter describes a model of the computer model for calculating the phase transition and properties of materials required to predict the deviation during the heat treatment of steel. The current model has the advantage of using a variety of shape memory alloys including medium to high aluminium-based Heusler alloys. Even for an arbitrary cooling profile, a wide range of physical, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties can be calculated as a function of time/temperature/cooling with different proportions. TTT (time-temperature transfer) curves are exported to FE-/FD-based packages to reduce the data distortion of materials. The test results are displayed as a stress-strain diagram.
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Parekh, Ravi, Brahim Benyahia, and Chris D. Rielly. "A Global State Feedback Linearization and Decoupling MPC of a MIMO Continuous MSMPR Cooling Crystallization Process." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 1607–12. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-64235-6.50280-1.

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Samad, Noor Asma Fazli Abdul, Ravendra Singh, Gürkan Sin, Krist V. Gernaey, and Rafiqul Gani. "Control of Process Operations and Monitoring of Product Qualities through Generic Model-based in Batch Cooling Crystallization." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 613–18. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(10)28103-8.

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Rivers, Toby, and Richard A. Volkert. "Slow cooling in the metamorphic cores of Grenvillian large metamorphic core complexes and the thermal signature of the Ottawan orogenic lid." In Laurentia: Turning Points in the Evolution of a Continent. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.1220(16).

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ABSTRACT Prolonged slow cooling (average 1–3 °C/m.y.) of Ottawan phase granulite-facies gneisses (peak temperature ≥850 °C ca. 1090–1080 Ma) through the argon closure temperatures (TC) of hornblende ca. 980–920 Ma and biotite ca. 890–820 Ma in the western Grenville Province and in an inlier in the central Appalachians is well established, but its tectonic setting has not been systematically investigated. Here, the case is made that this slow cooling occurred in the suprasolidus cores of large metamorphic core complexes that were exhumed during mid-Ottawan (ca. 1050 Ma) extensional orogenic collapse. The ductile midcrustal metamorphic cores of the large metamorphic core complexes are overlain across gently dipping extensional detachments by a brittle-ductile cover composed of upper orogenic crust, parts of which preserve evidence of relict pre-Ottawan fabrics and peak prograde Ottawan temperatures of <500 °C (TC of Ar in hornblende), collectively implying thermal, structural, and rheological decoupling across the detachments. Slow average rates of cooling of the orogenic midcrust for >150 m.y. imply an anomalously hot upper mantle and mask short periods of more rapid cooling indicated by analyses of retrograde diffusional mineral zoning patterns. It is suggested that these slow average rates of cooling, coupled with slow average rates of exhumation of ≤0.1 km/m.y. modeled for one data set, were a result of decompression melting of rising asthenosphere and emplacement of voluminous mafic intrusions within or at the base of the crust, which reduced the buoyancy of the residual thinned lithosphere. This process is compatible with either delamination of subcontinental lithospheric mantle or slab rollback. The high-strain extensional detachments of the large metamorphic core complexes are sites of amphibolite-facies retrogression, suggesting a feedback between ingress of hydrous fluid, which was likely derived from beneath the detachment during crystallization of migmatite, and strain. Extensional juxtaposition of the hot midcrust (T >850 °C) and cooler cover (T <500 °C) across the detachments led to conductive heating of the base of the cover, locally raising its temperature above 500 °C, as recorded by amphibolite-facies metamorphism and young cooling ages. The slow cooling and exhumation of Grenvillian large metamorphic core complexes contrast with much faster rates in smaller metamorphic core complexes in other settings (e.g., North American Cordillera). The slow rates of these processes in large metamorphic core complexes are attributed to the prolonged high temperature and low viscosity of their metamorphic cores due to proximity of the asthenosphere, and to the intrusion of voluminous asthenospheric mafic magmas that both advected heat and reduced lithospheric buoyancy.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cooling crystallization process"

1

Suhodoeva, Tatiana, Anna Kamenskikh, and Maria Bartolomey. "Numerical investigation of isotropic beam crystallization process under nonuniform cooling." In International Conference "Actual Issues of Mechanical Engineering" 2017 (AIME 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aime-17.2017.49.

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Benyahia, Brahim, and Jiaxu Liu. "Steady-state and dynamic optimization of a combined cooling and antisolvent acetylsalicylic acid crystallization process." In The 2nd International Online Conference on Crystals. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocc_2020-07236.

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Hemalatha, Kilari, and Kalipatnapu Yamuna Rani. "Sensitivity analysis of pareto solution sets of multiobjective optimization for a batch cooling crystallization process." In 2016 Indian Control Conference (ICC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indiancc.2016.7441180.

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Schmalenberg, Mira, Lukas Hohmann, and Norbert Kockmann. "Miniaturized Tubular Cooling Crystallizer With Solid-Liquid Flow for Process Development." In ASME 2018 16th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2018-7660.

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Production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals often includes solid-liquid suspension flow. For continuous cooling a tubular crystallizer was designed based on the coiled flow inverter (CFI) concept, providing a narrow residence time distribution (RTD) of the liquid phase. Counter-current cooling allows for a smooth adjustment of the axial temperature profile. Successful operation of up to 50 g min−1 in a prototype with 4 mm inner diameter was scaled down to a tube-in-tube CFI crystallizer (CFIC) with an inner diameter of 1.6 mm and varying length from 7.8 to 54.6 m. This leads to a significantly lower consumption of chemicals in process development with lower total mass flow rates of 15–20 g min−1. Due to modular design, mean residence time (3.8 to 6.9 min) and mean cooling rate (0.6 to 1.4 K·min−1) were varied at constant mass flow rate. Crystallization growth rate and yield are analyzed with the L-alanine/water test system and seed crystals of 125–180 μm.
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Rao, I. J. "Simulation of the Film Blowing Process Using a Continuum Model for Crystallization in Polymers." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1993.

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Abstract In this paper we simulate the film blowing process using a model developed to study crystallization in polymers (see Rao (1999), Rao and Rajagopal (2000b)). The framework was developed to generate mathematical models in a consistent manner that are capable of simulating the crystallization process in polymers. During crystallization the polymer transitions from a fluid like state to a solid like state. This transformation usually takes place while the polymer undergoes simultaneous cooling and deformation, as in film blowing. Specific models are generated by choosing forms for the internal energy, entropy and the rate of dissipation. The second law of thermodynamics along with the assumption of maximization of dissipation is used to determine constitutive forms for the stress tensor and the rate of crystallization. The polymer melt is modeled as a rate type viscoelastic fluid and the crystalline solid polymer is modeled as an anisotropic elastic solid. The mixture region, where in the material transitions from a melt to a semi-crystalline solid, is modeled as a mixture of a viscoelastic fluid and an elastic solid. The anisotropy of the crystalline phase and consequently that of the final solid depends on the deformation in the melt during crystallization, a fact that has been known for a long time and has been exploited in polymer processing. The film blowing process is simulated using a generalized Maxwell model for the melt and an anisotropic elastic solid for the crystalline phase. The results of the simulation agree qualitatively with experimental observations and the methodology described provides a framework in which the film blowing problem can be analyzed.
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Tardif, Xavier, Vincent Sobotka, Nicolas Boyard, Philippe Le Bot, and Didier Delaunay. "Determination of Pressure in the Mold Cavity of Injected Semi-Crystalline Thermoplastics." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82134.

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Injection molding is the most used process for thermoplastic part manufacturing. This process is commonly divided into four steps: injection, packing, cooling and ejection. During the packing step, an amount of material gets into the mold cavity to compensate for shrinkage of the polymer mainly due to the crystallization. Once the gate is frozen, polymer is subjected to isochoric cooling while the pressure of the polymer is higher than atmospheric pressure. Improving the quality of the injected part requires prediction of the shrinkage, warpage and residual stress and pressure impacts deeply on the morphology and consequently on the shape of the final part. The pressure decrease during the isochoric phase also determines the ejection time. However, description of the behavior of the polymer during packing and isochoric steps needs an accurate model that considers coupling between heat transfer and crystallization and also a good knowledge of the behavior (specific volume and crystallization kinetics) of the polymer under high pressure. Some studies have already underlined the influence of shear rate on the kinetics of crystallization. Here, based on a pressure analysis and an experimental-numerical comparison, we confirm crystallization is strongly coupled to flow history.
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Zhang, Lan, M'hamed Boutaous, Shihe Xin, and Dennis A. Siginer. "3D Modeling of Additive Manufacturing Process: The Case of Polymer Laser Sintering." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23550.

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Abstract This work focusses on studying multiphysical transient phenomena in polymer powders occurring during selective laser sintering in polymers powders. Multiple phenomena stemming from the interaction of the laser with the polymer powder bed and the transfer of the laser power to the powder bed including laser scattering and absorption, polymer heating, melting, coalescence, densification, and the variation of the material parameters with the temperature are simulated via the modified Monte Carlo-ray tracing method coupled with the Mie theory. A finite volume method is adopted for the heat transfer. The model couples heat diffusion, melting, coalescence and densification of the polymer grains, and the crystallization kinetics during the cooling steps. Laser intensity is concentrated on the surface of the material contrary to the predictions of the Beer-Lambert law. Laser acting on thermoplastic material cause the polymer powder melt, coalescence between melted grains, air diffusion versus densification, crystallization and volume shrinkage. All these processes are simulated by a series of multiphysical models. The reliability of the modeling is tested by comparison with experiments in the literature, and a parametric analysis is performed, based on the process characteristics such as laser sweep speed, its intensity and shape, polymeric grain size among others. Several recommendations to optimize the process are proposed.
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Yao, Donggang, Pratapkumar Nagarajan, and K. R. T. Ramasubramani. "Constant-Temperature Embossing of Amorphous Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Films." In ASME 2007 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2007-31049.

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In the standard hot embossing process for thermoplastic polymers, thermal cycling is needed in order to soften and subsequently cool and solidify the polymer. This thermal cycling, however, not only results in long cycle times but also deteriorates the quality of embossed features. A new embossing method based on slowly crystallizing polymers was investigated to eliminate thermal cycling. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) was used as a model system for demonstration. Due to its slow crystallization, amorphous PET film can be made by casting a PET melt onto a chill roll. The amorphous PET film was embossed at a constant temperature of 180°C for a period of time comparable to or longer than PET’s half-time of crystallization. During constant-temperature embossing, the film first liquefies, caused by rubber softening of the amorphous phase, and then solidifies, resulting from the crystallization of the amorphous phase. Since the embossed film is hardened under the constant mold temperature, no cooling is needed. Selected micro features, including circular microchannels and high aspect ratio rectangular microchannels, were successfully embossed using a total cycle time about 40 s.
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Zinchenko, Yekaterina, and Robin N. Coger. "Use of Directional Solidification to Determine Characteristics of Hepatic Systems During Low Temperature Cooling." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32559.

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Cryopreservation using freeze-thaw methods is one way in which cells can be safely stored at low temperatures for indefinite periods of time. Unfortunately the process itself can damage the cells such that the number of viable cells is reduced after thawing. This problem is particularly important when dealing with non-proliferating cells, such as primary hepatocytes. In the current study directional solidification is used to help improve the successful cryopreservation of hepatocytes. Specifically, by analyzing the crystallization of cryoprotective solutions, cell suspensions, and cultured hepatocytes in the presence of DMSO, we determine how changes in the morphology and rate of crystal growth influence cell survival. The results demonstrate that the presence of extracellular matrix and alterations in DMSO concentration are two ways to affect cell viability. Next by modeling the directional solidification results as a Stefan Problem, the image analysis data is then used to quantify the thermal conductivities of each system.
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10

Lang, Anette, Marius-Andrei Boca, and Alexandru Sover. "Influence of cooling conditions during 3D printing on the switching temperature of a TPU with SME." In 4th International Conference. Business Meets Technology. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/bmt2022.2022.15368.

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Shape memory polymers (SMP) are materials with a special structure, designed to react to a certain stimulus. Using such SMPs with 3D printing technology opens up further fields of application thus providing for the so-called 4D printing. After such a printing process it is mandatory for the SMP to still be able to form a crystalline structure, maintaining its own shape memory effects (SME). The crystalline portion or the hard section of polymers is strongly influenced by the cooling rate during the printing process. In order to evaluate the influence of the cooling on the formation of the segments, thermal measurements using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were carried out. The test shows that the cold crystallization was evident in each case in the first heating run, but the cooling rate in the FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) technology could not be reduced to such a level that the switching temperature changed. In order to have an influence on the melt peak, the cooling rate must be increased further. This was demonstrated in the 2nd heating run of the DSC measurements.
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