Journal articles: 'Cooling Applications'

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Yudiyanto, Eko, Ridho Surya Setiabudi, Agus Hardjito, Satworo Adiwidodo, and Bayu Pranoto. "Effect of Velocity and Type of Cooling Fluid on Peltier Heat Transfer for Car Cabin Cooling Applications." JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND APPLIED ENGINEERING 5, no. 2 (September 25, 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4036.

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This research used the Peltier element as a car cabin cooler. This research aimed to compare the results of the lowest temperature produced by the Peltier element on the hot side. The design of this monitoring tool consists of LM35 as a temperature sensor and an electric velocity sensor to measure the velocity of the cooling fluid. Arduino Uno Microcontroller to control the system before being displayed to the LCD. The type of research used in this research is experimental research. In this study, variations in fluid flow velocity and type of cooling fluid were carried out. The fluid used is a mixture of water and water coolant with a ratio of 50%:50%. The results showed that the circulation of fluid cooling influences the temperature on the hot side of the Peltier. In cooling using water fluid, when the water pump rotates 4.5 liters/second, the temperature on the hot side of the Peltier is 36ᵒC. At the time of rotation of 13 liters/second, the temperature on the hot side of the Peltier is 32ᵒC. The difference between cooling using water fluid, water coolant, or a mixture of water and water coolant greatly affects the temperature produced on the cold side of the Peltier. In cooling using water, the lowest temperature produced reaches 8ᵒC. When the cooling using a fluid coolant, the lowest temperature reaches 6ᵒC. While cooling using a mixture of water and coolant, the lowest temperature reaches 3ᵒC. So it can be concluded that cooling using a mixture of water and water coolant is very effective compared to other fluid coolers.

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Aniekan E., Ikpe, and Owunna Ikechukwu. "Design of Automatic Cooling Power Hacksaw Machine for Multipurpose Applications." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 6, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.v6i1.2476.

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This study involves a comparative analysis of a designed automatic cooling power hacksaw machine and manual cooling power hacksaw machine in a local sawmill where coolant is applied manually by the operator. The automatic cooling power hacksaw machine took an average time of 40 s to cut an average mass of 5.9 kg with average Specific Mechanical Energy (SME) of 29 kj/kg and average cutting speed of 270 rpm. However, the manual cooling hacksaw machine took an average time of 53 s to cut the same average mass of 5.9 kg with average SME of 42 kj/kg and average cutting speed of 269 rpm. The basic idea behind SME was to determine the energy going into the cutting operation process per unit mass of timber in form of work from the motor. From the above stated results, the automatic cooling hacksaw machine designed in this study took less time, less SME and slightly higher cutting speed to cut the same quantity of timber than the manual cooling hacksaw machine. Compared to the manual cooling power hacksaw, the automatic cooling power hacksaw machine is obviously more efficient in terms of time and energy savings.

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Sim, Jason, Rozli Zulkifli, and Shahrir Abdullah. "Conceptual Thermosyphonic Loop Cooled Thermoelectric Power Cogeneration System for Automotive Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.294.

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Thermoelectric cogeneration may be applied to the exhaust of an automobile to generate additional electric power, by applying a temperature differential across the thermoelectric power generation modules. To obtain maximum net power, the highest allowable temperature difference should be obtained. Therefore, a cooling system should be employed to ensure that the cold side of the thermoelectric modules remain as cold as possible. An evaporative cooling system patented by Einstein and Szilard is used as a base for a non-parasitic cooling system to be used together with thermoelectric modules. The cooling system utilizes the same heat which powers the thermoelectric modules as a power source. By utilizing the high solubility of ammonia in water, the solubility dependency with temperature, and usage of polar and non-polar solvents to direct the flow of ammonia as a coolant, it is possible to create a cooling system which performs better than passive heat sinks, but negates the power requirements of active cooling systems.

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Lehmann, Robert, Moritz Künzler, Matthias Moullion, and Frank Gauterin. "Comparison of Commonly Used Cooling Concepts for Electrical Machines in Automotive Applications." Machines 10, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10060442.

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The thermal design of electrical machines has numerous influencing factors. This paper compares different cooling methods, their volume flow rates and other machine parameters with regard to the continuous power of a PMSM. Understanding the characteristics of different heat sinks depending on their operating point is important for an expedient design in order to avoid derating due to overtemperatures. As a design guideline, this contribution shows the influence of stator cooling jackets, rotor shaft cooling and direct end winding cooling for different machine lengths and volume flow rates. Both water and oil are investigated as coolants. With increasing machine dimensions, end winding cooling becomes less effective for heat sources in the center of the machine while the heat transferred in the cooling jacket increases. A sensitivity study of other machine parameters, such as the maximum allowed magnet temperature or the coolant inlet temperature, improves the understanding of the reader as to how the continuous power of a PMSM can be increased when the rotor temperature limits the performance.

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Kar-Narayan, S., and N. D. Mathur. "Electrocaloric Materials for Cooling Applications." Ferroelectrics 433, no. 1 (January 2012): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2012.678147.

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Zobler, Markus, and Eike Mantwill. "Cooling Solutions for Laser Applications." Laser Technik Journal 15, no. 3 (June 2018): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/latj.201800020.

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Gao, Y., S. Tse, and H. Mak. "An active coolant cooling system for applications in surface grinding." Applied Thermal Engineering 23, no. 5 (April 2003): 523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-4311(02)00214-4.

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Chen, Jinmao, and Jianguang Jia. "Experimental study of TiO2 nanofluid coolant for automobile cooling applications." Materials Research Innovations 21, no. 3 (June 20, 2016): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14328917.2016.1198549.

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Chen, Zutao, Zhongjun Yu, Jia Fu, and Bin Liu. "Study of heat pipe in motor cooling: A review." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126101009.

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The heat pipe as one of the most efficient heat exchanger device is used in many thermal engineering applications. Through sufficient literature research and summary, a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the application of heat pipe cooling technology in motor cooling is provided. The basic principles and key technologies of heat pipe cooling technology is introduced. What’s more, various factors affecting the cooling efficiency of heat pipes and two main types of heat pipe applications in motor cooling are discussed. Finally, the current status of research on heat pipe cooling motors at home and abroad are reviewed.

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Sulaiman, Aqilah Che, Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin, Mohd Hafif Basha, Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid, Nashrul Fazli bin Mohd Nasir, and Izzuddin Zaman. "Cooling Performance of Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC) and Applications: A review." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822503021.

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Thermoelectric cooling (TEC) is a new attractive method that is can be used as a temperature controller. Thermoelectric module (TEM) is a device that environmentally friendly utilizing for cooling and heating application such as heat pump and power generation. Therefore, the understanding of relation between electrical conductivity and heat conductivity of the TEC material is essentially to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) efficiency. The figure of merit is addressed by focusing the best material in TEC with different cooling material. The critical finding of TEC for this review paper is the higher the electrical conductivity and the lower thermal conductivity, the maximum the COP. Finally, the possiblity of the TEC application is reviewed according to the advantages of TEC such as high reliability, less maintenance and compact size that commercially found in large range of thermoelectric cooling system. N

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Zhao, Dongliang, Xiaobo Yin, Jingtao Xu, Gang Tan, and Ronggui Yang. "Radiative sky cooling-assisted thermoelectric cooling system for building applications." Energy 190 (January 2020): 116322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116322.

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Baheta, Aklilu Tesfamichael, Kar Kin Looi, Ahmed Nurye Oumer, and Khairul Habib. "Thermoelectric Air-Conditioning System: Building Applications and Enhancement Techniques." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, no. 02 (June 2019): 1930002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132519300027.

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The high reliability, the absence of working fluid and auxiliary pipes in the thermoelectric cooling application have attracted the attention of researchers in the last two decades. However, the use of thermoelectric air-conditioning system for building application has not been entirely explored due to its low coefficient of performance (COP) compared to the conventional air conditioning system. To overcome this primary limitation, different COP enhancement techniques of thermoelectric for air conditioning system building application are made available. This paper provides the recent development of thermoelectric air conditioning system in building applications, such as thermoelectric radiant panel ceiling, thermoelectric air duct system and thermoelectric cooling facades. It also provides the different strategies to enhance its performance in order to fit this technology in real building applications such as the integration of water-cooling system, phase change materials, evaporator cooling system and nanofluid micro-channel heat sinks. Lastly, the challenges of thermoelectric air-conditioning systems and future research directions are discussed.

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Wanstall, C. Taber, and Phillip R. Johnson. "The Role of Buoyancy Induced Instability in Transpirational Cooling Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 11766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411766.

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Transpirational cooling is an effective thermal protection method in hypersonic vehicles. In order to properly manage the high heat load, an understanding of the convective flow regimes as well as the thermophysical properties of the working fluid are required. Often, the vehicle’s fuel is re-purposed as the coolant or working fluid that is passed through the porous media. If the geometry is such that the coolant is heated from below, buoyancy-induced instability can ensue resulting in a mixed convection phenomena. Transpirational cooling applications require a unique analysis which combines a Darcy–Forchheimer relationship for the momentum relation, a flowing base state which introduces non-negligible convective terms for the energy equation, and a novel consideration of a cubic density dependence on temperature. This latter feature is justified by fitting thermodynamic data for typical transpirational cooling conditions. A base state solution is provided and the onset of instability is investigated using linear stability analysis. The governing equations are solved utilizing multiple methods, comparing results from a combination of analytical solutions, finite difference, power series, and Chebyshev methods. Results demonstrate excellent consistency in predictions across these methods and indicate that including non-linear density effects promote a stabilizing effect. Finally, the effect of varying the net through-flow in the porous media is investigated.

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Yin, Jing, Shangming Wang, Xuehao Sang, Zhifu Zhou, Bin Chen, Panidis Thrassos, Alexandros Romeos, and Athanasios Giannadakis. "Spray Cooling as a High-Efficient Thermal Management Solution: A Review." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 8547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228547.

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As one of the most promising thermal management solutions, spray cooling has the advantages of high heat-transfer coefficient and maintaining a low temperature of the cooling surface. By summarizing the influential factors and practical applications of spray cooling, the current challenges and bottlenecks were indicated so as to prompt its potential applications in the future. Firstly, this paper reviewed the heat-transfer mechanism of spray cooling and found that spray cooling is more advantageous for heat dissipation in high-power electronic devices by comparing it with other cooling techniques. Secondly, the latest experimental studies on spray cooling were reviewed in detail, especially the effects of spray parameters, types of working fluid, surface modification, and environmental parameters on the performance of cooling system. Afterwards, the configuration and design of the spray cooling system, as well as its applications in the actual industry (data centers, hybrid electric vehicles, and so on) were enumerated and summarized. Finally, the scientific challenges and technical bottlenecks encountered in the theoretical research and industrial application of spray cooling technology were discussed, and the direction of future efforts were reasonably speculated.

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Mohamadkhani, Mohamadjavad. "Radiative cooling surfaces: principles, performance evaluation and applications." Future Technology 2, no. 3 (August 15, 2023): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55670/fpll.futech.2.3.4.

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With the crisis of greenhouse gases resulting in global warming, radiative cooling can assuage the need to keep cool without any adverse footprints. Radiative cooling is a heat transfer phenomenon in which entities dissipate heat directly into deep space without any effort or requiring input energy. It has been a well-known worldwide phenomenon for nocturnal heat transfer to dissipate heat into deep space. In recent years, however, its potential for cooling during the day leads to be considered as a possible method to mitigate the energy shortage, and it also can benefit the entire world's environment. Radiative cooling materials have leaped with the rapid advancement of nanotechnology. In this review paper, radiative cooling is comprehensively represented with regard to the principle of radiative cooling, energy balance, optimization, and various applications. In the first section, the basic principle of heat transfer mechanisms, which engage simultaneously in radiative cooling surface (RCS), are considered and elaborated. Then various approaches were surveyed to improve the performance of radiative cooling surfaces to outline possible pathways of its development in terms of cooling performance and commercial application. And finally, the application of RCS is discussed to explain the benefits of employing them. This review also makes it possible to researchers to develop the RCS for further upgrade, and the prospect of this subject reviews the major features in summary for further future studies.

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Onufrena, A., B. Naydenov, T. Koettig, J. Bremer, T. Tirolien, and H. J. M. ter Brake. "Remote cooling systems with mesh-based heat exchangers for cryogenic applications." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1240, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1240/1/012049.

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Abstract In the refrigeration technologies available for the 2 W - 5 W cooling power range at 4.5 K, innovative designs for intermediate cooling options are proposed between the large-scale cryogenic plants and small-scale commercially available cryocoolers. This paper presents a number of remote cooling solutions, which use high-effectiveness mesh-based counterflow heat exchangers (CFHEX) to support the aforementioned refrigeration domain. Additionally, the cooling power is aimed to be provided in a remote, distributed and non-disturbing manner (i.e. reduced mechanical vibrations and magnetic disturbances) for high-technology cryogenic applications that require very low background noise levels. The proposed remote cooling options are analysed in terms of their cooling power performance. Designs and sizing of individual system components, i.e. CFHEXs and cooling interface options, for superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavity cooling application are also proposed. CFHEX compactness and influence of their individual effectiveness values on the performance of the remote cooling systems are assessed, and capillary cooling interface performance is analysed.

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Vijayakumar, Vishnu, Jagadish Pisharady, and P. Balachandran. "Computational and experimental study on supersonic film cooling for liquid rocket nozzle applications." Thermal Science 19, no. 1 (2015): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120908077p.

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An experimental and computational investigation of supersonic film cooling (SFC) was conducted on a subscale model of a rocket engine nozzle. A computational model of a convergent-divergent nozzle was generated, incorporating a secondary injection module for film cooling in the divergent section. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations were run on the model and different injection configurations were analyzed. The CFD simulations also analyzed the parameters that influence film cooling effectiveness. Subsequent to the CFD analysis and literature survey an angled injection configuration was found to be more effective, therefore the hardware was fabricated for the same. The fabricated nozzle was later fixed to an Air-Kerosene combustor and numerous sets of experiments were conducted in order to ascertain the effect on film cooling on the nozzle wall. The film coolant employed was gaseous Nitrogen. The results showed substantial cooling along the walls and a considerable reduction in heat transfer from the combustion gas to the wall of the nozzle. Finally the computational model was validated using the experimental results. There was fairly good agreement between the predicted nozzle wall temperature and the value obtained through experiments.

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Deriszadeh, Ali, and Filippo de Monte. "On Heat Transfer Performance of Cooling Systems Using Nanofluid for Electric Motor Applications." Entropy 22, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22010099.

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This paper studies the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids as advance coolants for the cooling system of electric motors. Investigations are carried out using numerical analysis for a cooling system with spiral channels. To solve the governing equations, computational fluid dynamics and 3D fluid motion analysis are used. The base fluid is water with a laminar flow. The fluid Reynolds number and turn-number of spiral channels are evaluation parameters. The effect of nanoparticles volume fraction in the base fluid on the heat transfer performance of the cooling system is studied. Increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles leads to improving the heat transfer performance of the cooling system. On the other hand, a high-volume fraction of the nanofluid increases the pressure drop of the coolant fluid and increases the required pumping power. This paper aims at finding a trade-off between effective parameters by studying both fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of the nanofluid.

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Sanches, Miguel, Guido Marseglia, Ana P. C. Ribeiro, António L. N. Moreira, and Ana S. Moita. "Nanofluids Characterization for Spray Cooling Applications." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050788.

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In this paper the mathematical and physical correlation between fundamental thermophysical properties of materials, with their structure, for nanofluid thermal performance in spray cooling applications is presented. The present work aims at clarifying the nanofluid characteristics, especially the geometry of their nanoparticles, leading to heat transfer enhancement at low particle concentration. The base fluid considered is distilled water with the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Alumina and silver are used as nanoparticles. A systematic analysis addresses the effect of nanoparticles concentration and shape in spray hydrodynamics and heat transfer. Spray dynamics is mainly characterized using phase Doppler interferometry. Then, an extensive processing procedure is performed to thermal and spacetime symmetry images obtained with a high-speed thermographic camera to analyze the spray impact on a heated, smooth stainless-steel foil. There is some effect on the nanoparticles’ shape, which is nevertheless minor when compared to the effect of the nanoparticles concentration and to the change in the fluid properties caused by the addition of the surfactant. Hence, increasing the nanoparticles concentration results in lower surface temperatures and high removed heat fluxes. In terms of the effect of the resulting thermophysical properties, increasing the nanofluids concentration resulted in the increase in the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of the nanofluids, which in turn led to a decrease in the heat transfer coefficients. On the other hand, nanofluids specific heat capacity is increased which correlates positively with the spray cooling capacity. The analysis of the parameters that determine the structure, evolution, physics and both spatial and temporal symmetry of the spray is interesting and fundamental to shed light to the fact that only knowledge based in experimental data can guarantee a correct setting of the model numbers.

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KAMIOKA, Yasuharu. "Cryogenic Cooling Systems for HTS Applications." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 44, no. 10 (2009): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.44.447.

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Parkhomchuk, V. V., and A. N. Skrinsky. "Electron cooling: physics and prospective applications." Reports on Progress in Physics 54, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 919–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/54/7/001.

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Kan, P. Y. Y., T. G. Finstad, H. Kristiansen, and S. E. Foss. "Porous Silicon for Chip Cooling Applications." Physica Scripta T114 (January 1, 2004): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2004/t114/018.

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Molin, Christian, Peter Neumeister, Holger Neubert, and Sylvia E. Gebhardt. "Multilayer Ceramics for Electrocaloric Cooling Applications." Energy Technology 6, no. 8 (June 26, 2018): 1543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201800127.

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Elmenshawy, Adham Ahmed Awad Elsayed, Iyad Alomar, and Ali Arshad. "Optimization Turbine Blade Cooling by Applying Jet Impingement Cooling Channels." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 24, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 320–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0026.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to optimize turbine blade cooling channels by applying jet impingement Method. The selection of experiment data for NASA 3CX turbine blade, and 3D model using solidworks software and create computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations used to model the coolant flow and temperature distribution in the vane, while experimental testing can validate the CFD results and provide additional insights into the cooling system's performance., ANSYS FLUENT code was used as a CFD solver, and ANSYS ICEM-CFD was used for mesh generation. MATLAB code is used for calculation using experiment data and this was helpful for simulations. Heat transfer conjugation analysis bases SST shear stress analyses K-ω turbulent model. The results conclude that providing additional information about the cooling channels and how they differ in the studies being compared. The results demonstrate that the cooling channels' hydraulic diameter decreases by a significant percentage (up to 49.70%–69.55%) as they are drawn to the trailing edge of the blade. This can have a significant impact on the heat transfer coefficients and the performance of the cooling system. The pressure side of the turbine blade is observed to follow the Hylton Model, while the current study predicts a large over-anticipated heat transfer coefficient around the Turbine blade head and on the bulk of the suction side. In terms of average heat transfer coefficient, the two models differ by 23.36%. The authors found that the cooling effectiveness for the Optimized jet impingement model is 0.4892 for whole blade and compared it with the cooling effectiveness for the optimized jet impingement model, which is 0.6936, The results of the comparison between the base model and the optimized jet impingement model suggest that the optimized model has a significantly higher cooling effectiveness. The increase in cooling effectiveness of 29.46% for the whole blade and 28.823% for the trailing edge indicates that the optimized jet impingement design provides improved cooling performance. These results highlight the importance of considering optimized cooling designs for turbine blades to maintain efficient and safe operation.

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Chen, Jin Mao, Xiao Ying Sun, Guan Jun Leng, and Jing Heng Feng. "Performance Investigation of TiO₂ Nanofluid Coolant for Automobile Cooling Applications." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.444.

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This study focused on the evaluation of TiO2 nanofluid coolant for automobile engine cooling applications. It was observed that, about 3% of thermal conductivity enhancement and above 10% convective heat transfer enhancement could be achieved with the usage of 1.0 wt.% TiO2 nanofluid coolant compared to base coolant without nanoparticles. More importantly, corrosion-inhibiting properties of TiO2 nanofluid coolant were investigated, which indicated that the nanofluid coolant possess the characteristics of a qualified engine coolant should have. The evaluation results showed that the nanofluid coolant could be a promising engine coolant for automobiles.

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Joseph Costello, M. "Cryopreservation of biological specimens." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 492–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100148290.

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Rapid cooling is the first, critical step in the preservation of biological specimens for examination using a wide variety of electron microscopic techniques. The choice of which cooling method to use depends on many factors, such as the restrictions of specimen geometry, the type of structural information desired and the microscopic techniques to be employed. This summary will highlight some recent technical innovations and novel applications of cryopreservation of biological specimens to study ultrastructure, chemical composition, and dynamic processes.For cryofixation to give realistic preservation of structural details, the specimen must be rapidly brought into intimate contact with the coolant and the contact must be maintained throughout the critical stages of the cooling process. During the last decade, four cooling methods have become prominent because they produce excellent preservation without cryoprotectants, are commercially available and are relatively simple to use: plunge cooling, jet cooling, slam cooling, and high-pressure cooling.Plunge cooling, the most commonly used method for cryofixation, is simply the immersion of a specimen into a liquid coolant usually held near its melting point.

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Prieto, Alejandro, Ulrich Knaack, Thomas Auer, and Tillmann Klein. "Feasibility Study of Self-Sufficient Solar Cooling Façade Applications in Different Warm Regions." Energies 11, no. 6 (June 6, 2018): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11061475.

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Small-scale systems and integrated concepts are currently being explored to promote the widespread application of solar cooling technologies in buildings. This article seeks to expand application possibilities by exploring the feasibility of solar cooling integrated façades, as decentralized self-sufficient cooling modules on different warm regions. The climate feasibility of solar electric and solar thermal concepts is evaluated based on solar availability and local cooling demands to be met by current technical possibilities. Numerical calculations are employed for the evaluation, considering statistical climate data; cooling demands per orientation from several simulated scenarios; and state-of-the-art efficiency values of solar cooling technologies, from the specialized literature. The main results show that, in general, warm-dry climates and east/west orientations are better suited for solar cooling façade applications, compared to humid regions and north/south orientations. Results from the base scenario show promising potential for solar thermal technologies, reaching a theoretical solar fraction of 100% in several cases. Application possibilities expand when higher solar array area and lower tilt angle on panels are considered, but these imply aesthetical and constructional constraints for façade design. Finally, recommendations are drafted considering prospects for the exploration of suitable technologies for each location, and façade design considerations for the optimization of the solar input per orientation.

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Bazdidi-Tehrani, F., and G. E. Andrews. "Full-Coverage Discrete Hole Film Cooling: Investigation of the Effect of Variable Density Ratio." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906860.

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Experimental results of the overall and adiabatic cooling effectiveness for full-coverage discrete hole film cooling are presented for a range of practical geometries. The results are reported for various hot gas mainstream-to-coolant temperature (density) ratios, in the realistic range of 1.0–3.2. The variation of this ratio was achieved by increasing the crossflow mainstream temperature, over the range 300–930 K. For combustor wall film cooling applications, the overall cooling effectiveness increased significantly with the number of holes per unit wall surface area, over the range of 4306–26910 m−2 and with the hole size, in the range of 1.0–2.2 mm, due to the improvement in film cooling. The effect of varying the mainstream-to-coolant temperature ratio, in the present range of 1.0–3.2, on the film cooling performance was shown to be small and no consistent trends were established for various configurations, for the coolant mass flow rates per unit wall surface area, less than 0.4 kg/sm2. At a higher value of 0.89 kg/sm2, an increase in the temperature ratio improved the film cooling performance slightly.

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R, Cherkez. "Computer Design Optimal Parameters of Permeable Planar Thermoelectric Element for Cooling Applications." Physical Science & Biophysics Journal 5, no. 2 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000190.

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Physical model of permeable planar thermo element with a developed heat exchange system for cooling heat flow is described. Theory of calculation and computer methods to seek for optimal functions of the legs material inhomogeneity combined with a search for optimal parameters (electric current density, heat consumption) under which thermodynamic efficiency of power conversion will be maximum are discussed. Optimal inhomogeneity distribution for Bi2Te3 based material is given. Rational use of such converters in optimal conditions has been shown to increase coefficient of performance by 40-60%.

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Prieto, Juan, Dereje S. Ayou, and Alberto Coronas. "A Novel H2O/LiBr Absorption Heat Pump with Condensation Heat Recovery for Combined Heating and Cooling Production: Energy Analysis for Different Applications." Clean Technologies 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol5010004.

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The aim of this study is to analyze the feasibility of the single-effect H2O/LiBr absorption heat pump cycle to produce combined heating and cooling. To achieve this, first, the main changes that the absorption cycle requires are described in comparison with the conventional single-effect absorption chiller. Then, the cycle’s operational limits in terms of temperature lift and LiBr crystallization are evaluated. In this sense, driving heat temperatures required for these applications range from 85 °C to 120 °C. The energy and exergy performance (in terms of cooling and heating capacities, cooling and heating coefficient of performance, and exergy coefficient of performance) of the cycle is theoretically studied for five different types of applications that require simultaneous heating and cooling: building air conditioning, a 4th generation district heating and cooling network, a sports center with an indoor swimming pool, a hybrid air conditioning system with an absorption heat pump and a desiccant evaporative cooling system, and simultaneous cooling and water purification application for coastal areas. The system performance in terms of the cooling coefficient of performance varies in the range of 0.812–0.842, in terms of heating coefficient of performance from 0.58 to 1.842, and in terms of exergy coefficient of performance from 0.451 to 0.667. The application with the highest exergy coefficient of performance is the 4th generation district heating and cooling network.

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Grosu, Vicentiu, Chris Lindgren, Tamas Vejsz, Ya-Chi Chen, and Avijit Bhunia. "Thermal Management Solutions for Network File Server Used in Avionics Applications." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2014, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 000419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-wa24.

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In the modern era of commercial aviation there is an increasing need for establishing on-aircraft networks that interconnect legacy avionics systems for the purpose of data collection, health monitoring, and software management. At the heart of these networks are flightworthy file servers that perform similar functions to servers used in ground-based IT infrastructures. However, the size, weight, and power constraints for airborne servers are significantly more challenging than the constraints placed on groundbased equipment. As a result, the critical goals in the development of aircraft network systems are reducing the size and weight, maximizing the performance and reliability, and reducing cost. One of the main challenges includes dissipating high power in small packages within a confined space. This makes thermal management a critical component of the overall LRU (Line-Replaceable Unit) design. In addition, passive cooling systems are often required in place of internal fans in order to improve long-term reliability of the system. This presents another set of challenges, such as optimizing the airflow provided by the aircraft in the electronics compartment. This paper will present some of the critical elements of thermal management such as heat sinking, component placement, thermal interface materials, thermal vias, thermal links, heat spreader, packaging approaches and cooling strategies. The design and optimization of this system are based on analytical solutions, conjugated heat transfer and experimental results. Thermal management solutions must enable reliable operation under various environmental conditions: ground operation, flight operation, high operating temperature and loss of cooling air. Each environmental condition has different parameters for coolant airflow rate, effect of the surroundings, and ambient and coolant air temperature. Cooling airflow analyses were performed using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). We have identified multiple approaches to remove heat from the critical components through optimization of the components and subsystems. These same approaches also serve to increase the system's performance and reliability.

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Vijayapakavan, P., D. S. Robinson Smart, Kurinjimalar Ramu, and M. Ramachandran. "Superconducting Electromagnetic Launch Machine System for Aerospace Applications." Journal on Applied and Chemical Physics 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jacp/2/1/5.

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The aerospace industry is constantly experimenting with innovative technologies to improve efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability. The use of superconducting machines emerged as a promising solution to address the growing demands of Aerospace applications. Superconducting machines offer significant advantages such as higher power density, reduced weight and improved efficiency compared to conventional electrical machines. However, efficient cooling methods are critical to maintain superconducting materials at low-temperature operating conditions. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of superconducting machines and their associated cooling systems designed for space applications. A superconducting machine uses high-temperature superconductors to achieve near-zero electrical resistance, enabling high currents to be transmitted with low energy losses. This feature allows development of lightweight and compact electric propulsion systems contribute to improved fuel efficiency and extended mission capabilities in space vehicles. A cooling system is an important component of a superconducting machine because it ensures that the superconducting materials remain below their critical temperature. Various cooling techniques are being explored, including cryogenic cooling, liquid nitrogen cooling, and cryocoolers. These cooling systems effectively extract the heat generated during engine operation, maintaining the superconducting components in their superconducting state.

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Atasay, Nehir, Alpaslan Atmanli, and Nadir Yilmaz. "Liquid Cooling Flow Field Design and Thermal Analysis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells for Space Applications." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (February 21, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7533993.

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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are a promising technology with many features, including having a high energy density, efficiency, lightness, and producing energy directly instead of storing it. PEM fuel cells are currently used in mobile vehicles, military applications, portable systems, stationary systems, and air-independent propulsion systems for sea and space. Elimination of the cooling problems associated with PEM fuel cells in space applications is of great importance to produce more efficient systems. With this motivation in mind, this study examined PEM fuel cell elements and cooling flow channel design for space applications. The effect of the designed flow channel on the PEM fuel cell temperature distribution was investigated. Five different PEM fuel cell cooling channels were designed and modeled computationally, and the most suitable cooling channel design was selected based on the thermal analysis. While modeling the PEM fuel cell, space environment operating conditions, pure reactant supply (oxygen and hydrogen), electrochemical reaction in the membrane, physical properties of liquid coolant, physical properties of fuel cell elements, and heat transfer in the fuel cell were considered. The temperature distribution obtained as a result of the thermal analysis was examined, and it was seen that the PEM fuel cell cooling channel design was successful in maintaining the operating temperature of the PEM fuel cell. According to the data obtained, the cooler inlet temperature is approximately 40°C and the cooler outlet temperature is approximately 75°C in flat serpentine design. These values were obtained as a result of the analysis made with a mixture of 50% ethylene glycol and 50% water selected as the liquid coolant. As a result, a fuel cell can be formed by producing a fit bipolar plate with the analyzed PEM fuel cell cooling flow channel design, and current density and homogeneity can be determined by applying single-cell performance tests to the fuel cell.

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Tasilbhai, Dodiya Sahil. "Performance Analysis of Thermoelectric Cooling with Thermal Control Battery System for Electric Vehicle." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b3871.1212222.

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A promising type of green transport, lithium battery-powered electric cars (EVs) have attracted a lot of attention and interest in the current years. In this study, thermoelectric cooling with forced convection was designed and possible cooling method for a thermal control battery system. Compared to free convection cooling, air cooling and TEC cooling appear TEC is the leading cooling work. Conditional tests are done on created battery thermal control battery system for EV automobile vehicles. The advanced battery thermal control battery can be a combination of TE Cooling, air cooling, and liquid cooling. There's Unobserved contact of the liquid coolant that acts as a medium to carry absent the thermally created from the battery with and amid the battery continuing. The outcome saws a promising cooling impact with a reasonable amount of energy wastage. The outcomes show that the ambient temperature is 32.5 to 30.5 and inlet temperature is 24.8 to 17.1 and then find out 2nd inlet temperature is between 13.9 to 6.4, and then after finding the lowest COP is 0.20. So, Thermoelectric cooling is the best option as compared to a simple VCRs system

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Hata, Kei, Koichi Fujiwara, Takao Inoue, Takuto Abe, Takatomi Kubo, Toshitaka Yamakawa, Sadahiro Nomura, Hirochika Imoto, Michiyasu Suzuki, and Manabu Kano. "Epileptic Seizure Suppression by Focal Brain Cooling With Recirculating Coolant Cooling System: Modeling and Simulation." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 27, no. 2 (February 2019): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2019.2891090.

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Canders, Wolf-Rüdiger, Jan Hoffmann, and Markus Henke. "Cooling Technologies for High Power Density Electrical Machines for Aviation Applications." Energies 12, no. 23 (December 1, 2019): 4579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234579.

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This paper is aimed at giving an overview of possible cooling technologies for electrical machines and their assessment for aviation applications, e.g., fan or propeller drives. The most important demand for aircraft is the minimization of the drive system weight comprising electrical machine, power electronics, and the cooling system. The potential of aluminum winding an overview about several cooling technologies with the Rankine or Brayton cycle or utilizing the phase change of the cooling fluid is given. As an alternative approach, the cooling structure inside the machine is studied. A very interesting potential was discovered with direct slot cooling (DSC) removing the heat where it is produced and, thus, simplifying the cooling system effort and its weight. Since it is one of the most promising approaches, this cooling method is studied in depth. Furthermore, it can also be combined with one of the cooling technologies discussed above.

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Zhao, Dongliang, Ablimit Aili, Yao Zhai, Jiatao Lu, Dillon Kidd, Gang Tan, Xiaobo Yin, and Ronggui Yang. "Subambient Cooling of Water: Toward Real-World Applications of Daytime Radiative Cooling." Joule 3, no. 1 (January 2019): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.10.006.

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Mihalakakou, G., M. Santamouris, D. Asimakopoulos, and I. Tselepidaki. "Parametric prediction of the buried pipes cooling potential for passive cooling applications." Solar Energy 55, no. 3 (September 1995): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(95)00045-s.

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Hou, P. Y., R. Baskaran, and K. F. Böhringer. "Optimization of Microscale Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC) Element Dimensions for Hotspot Cooling Applications." Journal of Electronic Materials 38, no. 7 (February 19, 2009): 950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-009-0694-6.

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Mihalakakou, G. "Parametric prediction of the burled pipes cooling potential for passive cooling applications." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (May 1996): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)89016-3.

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Kercher, D. M. "A Film-Cooling CFD Bibliography: 1971–1996." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 4, no. 1 (1998): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x98000062.

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After more than 25 years of three-dimensional film cooling experimental investigations, analytical correlations and modeling, film cooling utilizing computational fluid dynamics has emerged from a similar development-applications growth process into a near-attainable heat transfer engineering tool. Analytical applications include high temperature subsonic to hypersonic flow with complex wall-geometry coolant injection film performance analysis techniques spanning usage from gas turbines to rocket engines to scramjets. In recent years there has been significant development in increased computer power and modeling capacity, increasingly more complex and successful Navier-Stokes turbulence modeling techniques, innovative labor-saving meshing techniques, and more successful validation of experimental results. These combined innovations have continued to transition computational film cooling technology from the academic, government and commercial research and development environment to the industrial design-analysis environment. This bibliography is an openliterature reference resource whose papers collectively describe the continual emerging of numerical film cooling as a viable design tool for high temperature components.

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Dankovic, Nikola, Darko Mitic, Marko Milojkovic, Stanko Stankov, and Miroslav Milovanovic. "Thermodynamic model of the protector cooling system with applications." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 26, no. 1 (2013): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1301053d.

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This paper presents thermodynamic model of the system for rubber strip (protector) cooling. This model is used for determining the number of cooling system cascades, and rubber contraction coefficient, important parameters in mechanical model of the system which is the starting point of designing control system for rubber strip cooling. The correlation between the working velocity and rubber strip dimension, as well as the relation for the cooling water flow per cascade is also given.

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Budiman, Arie Yudha, and Amrifan Saladin Mohruni. "A REVIEW ON THIN WALLED CRYOGENIC MACHINING ON INCONEL OR AEROSPACE MATERIALS." Journal of Mechanical Science and Engineering 7, no. 1 (October 7, 2020): 001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jmse.v7i1.34.

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Cutting fluids are widely used in machining processes throughout the world. However, this cutting liquid is the source of many environmental pollution problems. In order to reduce or eliminate the effect produced by cutting fluids, it is necessary to switch to a continuous machining technique such as using small amounts of cutting fluid, liquid nitrogen, vegetable oil or compressed air as a cooling lubrication medium. Cryogenic coolant is found to be more efficient, economical, cost-effective and environmentally friendly when compared to the conventional coolant, especially in mass production. In machining difficult-to-cut materials such as thin walled materials for the aerospace industry, cooling applications are needed. Ni-based super alloy, Inconel is a material for aerospace applications because of its high durability to wear and material that is resistant to oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures. This paper presents a review and explanation of thin wall machining using cryogenic cooling systems on Inconel or aerospace materials.

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Kazemi Kelishami, Mojtaba, and Esmail Lakzian. "Optimization of the blowing ratio for film cooling on a flat plate." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 27, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-07-2015-0284.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report the result of a numerical investigation of film cooling performance on a flat plate for finding optimum blowing ratios. Design/methodology/approach Steady-state simulations have been performed, and the flow has been considered incompressible. Calculations have been performed with 3D finite-volume method and the k-e turbulence model. Findings The adiabatic film cooling effectiveness and the effects of density ratio (DR), blowing ratio (M) and main stream turbulence intensity (Tu), coolant penetration, hole incline and diameter are studied. The temperature and film cooling effectiveness contours, centerline and laterally film cooling effectiveness are presented for these cases. Results show that the cases with smaller Tu have better effectiveness. In the console, using the air coolant and in cylindrical hole cases, using CO2 coolant fluid has higher effectiveness. The results indicated that there is an optimum blowing ratio in the cylindrical hole cases to optimize the performance of new gas turbines. Research limitations/implications Investigation of optimum blowing ratio for the convex surfaces and turbine blades is a prospective topic for future studies. Practical implications The motivation of this study comes from several industrial applications such as film cooling of gas turbine components. This research gives the best blowing ratio for receiving maximum cooling effectiveness with minimum coolant velocity. Originality/value This study optimizes the blowing ratio for film cooling on a flat plate.

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Han, Je-Chin. "Recent Studies in Turbine Blade Cooling." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 10, no. 6 (2004): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x04000442.

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Gas turbines are used extensively for aircraft propulsion, land-based power generation, and industrial applications. Developments in turbine cooling technology play a critical role in increasing the thermal efficiency and power output of advanced gas turbines. Gas turbine blades are cooled internally by passing the coolant through several rib-enhanced serpentine passages to remove heat conducted from the outside surface. External cooling of turbine blades by film cooling is achieved by injecting relatively cooler air from the internal coolant passages out of the blade surface in order to form a protective layer between the blade surface and hot gas-path flow. For internal cooling, this presentation focuses on the effect of rotation on rotor blade coolant passage heat transfer with rib turbulators and impinging jets. The computational flow and heat transfer results are also presented and compared to experimental data using the RANS method with various turbulence models such as k-ε, and second-moment closure models. This presentation includes unsteady high free-stream turbulence effects on film cooling performance with a discussion of detailed heat transfer coef- ficient and film-cooling effectiveness distributions for standard and shaped film-hole geometry using the newly developed transient liquid crystal image method.

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Zhang, Bohan, Yamin Zhang, Meng Zhang, and Haoxuan Cheng. "Design and implementation of microcirculation cooling device for microelectronic devices based on electrostatic force." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2524, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2524/1/012014.

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Abstract This paper presents the design of a cooling device for microelectronic device applications. The proposed device uses parallel plate capacitor electrical bias to generate an electrostatic force that acts on the coolant to enable control of the coolant flow in the radiator. Through a combination of the structural design of the device and the application of an electrical bias on both sides of multiple parallel plate capacitor electrodes, the generation of a radiator coolant eddy current is realized, and the functions of cooling and heat transfer are realized for microelectronic devices placed on the surface of the base platform. Based on this principle, a finite element multi-physical field simulation was used to simulate the flow heat transfer function of the coolant in the device under the action of the electrostatic force and the effects of the channel diameter, channel spacing, voltage, and liquid storage tank depth on the peak coolant velocity were studied. In addition, 3D printing technology was used to fabricate the heat dissipation device. The heat dissipation device was tested by charging, with a basic realization of the function of controlling the cooling liquid flow in the heat dissipation device demonstrated. The device realizes radiator coolant flow rate control through voltage control and has characteristics that include low energy consumption and a convenient and compact structure.

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Domalapally, Phani Kumar, and Slavomir Entler. "COMPARISON OF COOLING SCHEMES FOR HIGH HEAT FLUX COMPONENTS COOLING IN FUSION REACTORS." Acta Polytechnica 55, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2015.55.0086.

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Some components of the fusion reactor receives high heat fluxes either during the startup and shutdown or during the operation of the machine. This paper analyzes different ways of enhancing heat transfer using helium and water for cooling of these high heat flux components and then conclusions are drawn to decide the best choice of coolant, for usage in near and long term applications.

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Wicaksono, Nugroho Budi, and Sukma Meganova Effendi. "Heating and Cooling Rate Study on Water Cooling Thermal Cycler using Aluminium Block Sample." Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics 4, no. 2 (March 4, 2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi.v4i2.1.

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Temperature measurement has many applications in medical devices. In recent days, body temperature become the main screening procedure to justify people infected by SARS-CoV-2. Related to pandemic situation due to SARS-Cov-2, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method become the most accurate and reliable detection method. This method employs a device named PCR machine or Thermal Cycler. In this research, we focus to build a Thermal Cycler using a low-cost material such as aluminium and using a liquid coolant as the cooling system. We use 2 types of coolant solution: mineral water and generic liquid coolant. Peltier device in thermal cycler serves as heating and cooling element. In heating rate experiments, generic liquid coolant shows a better result than using mineral water due to specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of water. In the cooling rate experiments, the water pump is activated to stream the liquid solution, the flow rate of liquid solution is influenced by viscosity of the liquid. Generic liquid coolant has approx. 4,5 times greater viscosity than water. The higher flow rate means better performance for cooling rate. Using 2 pieces of 60-Watt heaters and a 60-Watt chiller and aluminium material as block sample, our research shows a heating and cooling rate up to approx. 0,1°C/s. Compared to commercially thermal cycler, our thermal cycler has a lower wattage; this lower wattage performance has been tradeoff with lower ramping rate. Some factors are suspected become the source of contributors of lower ramping rate.

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Singh, Randeep, Masataka Mochizuki, Yuji Saito, Tadao Yamada, Thang Nguyen, and Tien Nguyen. "HEAT PIPE APPLICATIONS IN COOLING AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS." Heat Pipe Science and Technology, An International Journal 7, no. 1-2 (2016): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heatpipescietech.2016017225.

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Moore, D. L., and S. Crawley. "Applications of "Standard" Quenchant Cooling Curve Analysis." Materials Science Forum 163-165 (May 1994): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.163-165.151.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cooling Applications'

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