Journal articles: 'Cooling and Lubrication'

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Jia, Fuchun, Yulong Lei, Yao Fu, Binyu Wang, and Jianlong Hu. "Demand Analysis of Lubricating Oil in Spur Gear Pairs." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 5, 2020): 5417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165417.

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Theoretical calculation and numerical simulation are used to investigate the lubricating oil demand of spur gears. In accordance with the function of lubricating oil during the meshing process, oil demand is regarded as the superposition of oil for lubrication and cooling. Oil for lubrication is calculated in accordance with meshing and elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) theories. Oil for cooling is obtained from friction heat. The influence of different meshing positions on lubricating oil demand is analysed, and the effects of modulus, tooth number, transmission ratio, input speed and input torque on lubricating oil demand is investigated using a control variate method. Simulation results indicated that oil for lubrication and oil for cooling have two maxima each during a meshing circle. The influences of different gear parameters and working conditions on lubricating oil demand are compared. The results showed that the oil volume for lubrication increases and oil volume for cooling decreases as the modulus, tooth number and transmission ratio of the gear increase, the oil volume for lubrication and oil volume for cooling increases as the input speed and input torque increase.

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Kong, Fan Xia, and De Yuan Zhang. "Cutting Temperature in Internal Minimum Quantity Lubrication Drilling of Superalloys." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.203.

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Super alloys is the ideal material for high temperature components although it has a great difficulty to cut, especially drilling. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) has a good advantage of green, lubricating and cooling effect. Comparison experiments of MQL cooling drilling and pouring cooling drilling were done with coolant holes in drill. The results show that: the maximum measure temperature is less than 100°C and the amount of wear is very small. Internal Minimum Quantity Lubrication drilling is an effective process to solve problems of high temperature and wear fast for super alloys drilling.

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Duc, Tran Minh, Tran The Long, and Dang Van Thanh. "Evaluation of minimum quantity lubrication and minimum quantity cooling lubrication performance in hard drilling of Hardox 500 steel using Al2O3 nanofluid." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 2 (February 2020): 168781401988840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019888404.

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The work in this study presents an experimental evaluation on minimum quantity cooling lubrication based on the Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube and minimum quantity lubrication performance in hard drilling of Hardox 500 steel (49–50 HRC) using coated carbide drills. Al2O3 nanoparticles are suspended in the based fluids including water-based emulsion and rice bran oil to enhance the cooling and lubricating effects. The response variables, consisting of drilling thrust force, surface roughness, surface profile and microstructure, and tool wear, are studied, and the analysis of variance is used for evaluating the input machining parameters under minimum quantity lubrication and minimum quantity cooling lubrication conditions. The results of this article indicate that minimum quantity cooling lubrication using Al2O3 nanofluid provides the better machining performance and gives out better surface quality and lower thrust force compared to minimum quantity lubrication with/without nanofluid and minimum quantity cooling lubrication with pure fluid. Also, based on the optimization results, the validation experiments are conducted to study more on drilling thrust force, chip morphology, and tool wear.

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Sun, Pei Ming, Xie Ben Wei, and Shu Qin Chen. "The Research of Lubricating and Colling System of the Low-Speed and Heavy-Load Sliding Bearing." Advanced Materials Research 744 (August 2013): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.744.95.

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This paper analyzes the influence of lubricating oil film of the low-speed and heavy-load sliding bearing on a variety of factors. It introduces the operation of Bearing for lubricating oil film in monitoring method, common fault causes and treatment measures. Finally, the bearing cooling system structure is discussed, providing reference for practical engineering application. There are many reasons to cause the failure of the bearing lubrication such as bearing assembly defects, the error of size and cooling system problems. By detecting and contrast parameters, this study analyze the determine data and correct the fault. Through the use of reasonable structure of the oil tank and cooling water channel, we can improve the lubrication performance, and extend the bearing life. This paper analyzes the factors restricting the low speed and high load sliding bearing lubricant film, and solves the actual bearing lubrication problem.

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Hawryluk, Marek, and Jacek Ziemba. "Lubrication in hot die forging processes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 233, no. 5 (June 28, 2018): 663–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650118784728.

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This article presents selected aspects of lubricant application, as well as lubrication methods and devices in the context of forging tool durability and accessories used in die forging processes at elevated temperatures. The properties and applications of the currently used lubricating and cooling agents in selected industrial forging processes were analyzed. The authors’ original studies on the influence of lubricant application, dose size, time and feed direction as well as other factors affecting tribological conditions are also presented. A review of lubricating and cooling systems and devices is provided, as well as a lubricating device built on the basis of the authors’ knowledge and experience is presented. The developed system, implemented into an industrial process, makes it possible to select and maintain its optimal tribological conditions through the control of the size and frequency of the administered lubricant dose. It may be an alternative to the manual lubricant application method, where human error is a factor, or to fully automated, but expensive, lubrication systems.

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Allu, Venkat Pradeep, D. Linga Raju, and S. Ramakrishna. "Performance analysis of cryogenically treated plus tempered carbide inserts in turning of Inconel 718 using cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication cooling technique." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 233, no. 12 (April 20, 2019): 1810–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650119845744.

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The present study deals with performance investigation of cryogenically treated plus tempered carbide inserts during machining of Inconel 718. A novel cooling approach of combined minimum quantity lubrication with cryogenic coolant, cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication is examined to improve the machinability of Inconel 718 and compared with dry, wet, minimum quantity lubrication, and cryogenic cooling conditions. Tool wear, cutting forces, and chip morphology were analyzed to evaluate the effect of cooling under different conditions. The results revealed that minimum quantity lubrication and cryogenic conditions exhibited superior performance than wet and dry conditions. However, severe tool fracture and cutting forces were observed in cryogenic machining which is an outcome of hardened surface of nickel alloy due to cryogenic fluid. Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication was understood to be the best machining condition generating least cutting force and tool wear. Furthermore, examining chip morphology under scanning electron microscopy revealed that cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication performed stable machining.

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Wang, Jin Li, Lin Cai, and Hong Tao Zheng. "Experiment Study of Oil-Air Lubrication on Cooling of Turning Tools." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3187.

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When lubricants are used according to special requirements, it is possible to achieve considerable cost savings. Compared to conventional coolant cooling technology used in metal cutting, oil-air lubrication increases cooling performance, avoids environmental pollution, reduces running and maintenance costs. The cutting temperature contrast experimental research was based on close to practice 45# steel in dry cutting, wet cutting and oil-air lubrication conditions. The research work concentrated on the superiority of oil-air lubrication cooling and the influence of cutting amount on temperature. The experimental results show that oil-air lubrication is more effective in reducing the cutting temperature than wet cutting or dry cutting, this paper details the cutting temperature curves at several different tests provides a basis for industrial production, improves the level of machining process and the significance was being reported.

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Bao, Heyun, Xiaonan Hou, Xin Tang, and Fengxia Lu. "Analysis of temperature field and convection heat transfer of oil-air two-phase flow for ball bearing with under-race lubrication." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 73, no. 5 (July 13, 2021): 817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-03-2021-0067.

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Purpose Under-race lubrication can increase the amount of lubricating oil entering a bearing and greatly improve lubrication and cooling effects. The oil-air two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics inside a ball bearing with under-race lubrication play a key role in lubrication and cooling performance. The purpose of this paper is to study these two characteristics, and then provide guidance for lubrication and heat dissipation of bearing with under-race lubrication. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a simplified three-dimension heat transfer model of ball bearing with under-race lubrication is established; the coupled level set volume of fluid method is used to track the oil-air two-phase flow, and the Palmgren method is used to calculate the heat generation. The influence of rotation speed and inlet velocity on oil volume fraction, temperature and convection heat transfer is investigated. A temperature test for under-race lubrication is carried out. Findings Because of the centrifugal force, lubricating oil is located more on the outer ring raceway. As the rotation speed decreases and the inlet velocity increases, the oil volume fraction increases and the temperature decreases. Furthermore, the area with high oil volume fraction has a large convection heat transfer coefficient and low temperature. The error between the simulation temperature and the test temperature is within 10%. Originality/value The research on the temperature field and convection heat transfer characteristics of under-race lubrication ball bearings at different rotation speeds and inlet velocities is rarely involved.

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Sun, Hao, and Yi Hua Feng. "The Research of Minimum Quantity Lubrication Mechanism in Grinding with Mechanical Mechanics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 252 (December 2012): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.252.129.

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Effective cooling and lubricating is got by use a small amount of cutting fluid in MQL grinding. Compare grinding performance under various cooling lubrication, reasonable grinding temperature, lower grinding force, improved surface quality and extended wheel life is got in MQL grinding. The grinding performance of MQL grinding is also influenced by many factors, such as the nozzle shape, position, distance, and MQL flow rate.

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Zhang, Feng, Gong Bo Han, and Su Xia Duan. "Paper Machine Bearing’s Temperature and Air-Velocity Optimization under Air-Oil Lubrication." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 3054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.3054.

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The purpose of this resarch was investigated the air-oil temperature field distribution under air-oil lubrication and oil lublubrication, meanwhile also study the air-oil lubrication effect under different air velocity inlet the bearing cavities of the high-speed paper machine dryer section. Base on the CFD theory, the temperature field of CARB bearing outer ring and the velocity field of the bearing cavities were simulated by the FLUENT software.Result show that air-oil lubricatin can reach the same cooling effect is contras with oil lubrication in the same heat production by roller; the best air-velocity value of air-oil lubrication system is obtain for the change of temperature and pressure in bearing cavities. It is confirm that the air-oil lubrication is viable in the high-speed paper machine dryer section.

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Bao, Heyun, Xiaonan Hou, and Fengxia Lu. "Analysis of Oil-Air Two-Phase Flow Characteristics inside a Ball Bearing with Under-Race Lubrication." Processes 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101223.

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Under-race lubrication can increase the amount of lubricating oil entering a bearing and greatly improve lubrication and cooling effects. The oil-air two-phase flow characteristics inside a ball bearing with under-race lubrication play a key role in lubrication and cooling performance. The motions of ball bearing subassemblies are complicated. Ball spin affects the oil volume fraction. In this paper, the coupled level set volume of fluid (CLSVOF) method is used to track the oil-air two-phase flow inside the ball bearing with under-race lubrication. The influence of various factors on the oil volume fraction inside the ball bearing with under-race lubrication is investigated, particularly rotating speeds, inlet velocity and the size of oil supply apertures under the inner ring. The influence of the ball spinning is analyzed separately. The result demonstrates that, on account of the centrifugal force, lubricating oil is located more on the outer ring raceway at rotational speeds of 5000 r/min, 10,000 r/min, 15,000 r/min and 20,000 r/min. The oil volume fraction inside the bearing gradually increases at an oil inlet velocity of 5 m/s, 10 m/s and 15 m/s. The circumferential distribution of oil is also similar. As the diameter of the oil supply aperture increases from 1.5 mm to 2 mm, the oil volume fraction increases inside the ball bearing. However, the oil volume fraction slightly decreases from 2 mm to 2.5 mm of oil supply aperture diameter. Ball spin does not affect the circumferential distribution trend of the lubricating oil, but slightly reduces the oil volume fraction. Furthermore, ball spin causes the surface fluid to rotate around its rotation axis and increases the speed.

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12

Jiang, Feng, Jian Feng Li, Jie Sun, Song Zhang, and Yong He. "Research on Tool-Chip Friction during Ti6Al4V Milling Process with Different Cooling/Lubrication Methods." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1985.

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Friction coefficient is an important index to evaluate the cooling and lubrication effects. In this study, the orthogonal milling experiments with different cooling/lubrication methods (dry, cutting fluid, MQL) were performed and the milling forces were measured to calculate the apparent friction coefficients with the mechanistic model. The effects of cutting parameters and cooling/lubrication methods on the apparent friction coefficients were analyzed.

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Cai, Lin, Jin Li Wang, and Hong Tao Zheng. "An Experimental Study on Oil-Air Lubrication of Sliding Friction Element." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.181.

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The objective of this research is to study the lubricating property of oil-air lubrication on sliding friction element. The performance of sliding friction element under different lubrication parameters and preloads were investigated by measuring the element’s temperature and friction coefficient. The results show that oil air lubrication could complete the lubrication and cooling of sliding friction element. As the oil supply is increased at the same load, speed and air supply level, the temperature rise and friction coefficient decrease, but when the oil supply is increased to 15ml/h, they remain unchanged. As the air supply is increased at the same load, speed and oil supply level, the temperature rise decreases monotonically and the friction coefficient remains steady.

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14

Brinksmeier, E., C. Heinzel, and M. Wittmann. "Friction, Cooling and Lubrication in Grinding." CIRP Annals 48, no. 2 (1999): 581–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)63236-3.

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Ren, Jia Long, Y. Su, X. Y. Guan, Y. W. Li, and Q. X. Wang. "Experimental Study on the Effect of Cold Air Cutting on Cutting Temperature, Cutting Force and Tool Wear during Machinging of Cr12 Tool Steel." Key Engineering Materials 431-432 (March 2010): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.431-432.334.

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Cold air cutting is a kind of environmetnally friendly cutting technology. The present study investigated the influence of cold air and cold air with oil mist on cutting temperature, cutting force and tool wear in the machining of Cr12 tool steel. For comparision, dry and flood coolant was also used as the cooling/lubrication conditions in the experiments. The findings of the study show that cold air with oil mist was the most effective cooling/lubrication condition in reducing the cutting temperature, cutting force and tool wear during the machining of Cr12 tool steel.

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Jamil, Muhammad, Aqib Mashood Khan, Mozammel Mia, Asif Iqbal, Munish Kumar Gupta, and Binayak Sen. "Evaluating the effect of micro-lubrication in orthopedic drilling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 233, no. 10 (July 26, 2019): 1024–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411919865389.

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Achievement of low temperature, thrust force, and clean operating zone under with/without irrigation–assisted drilling is still a challenge in orthopedic surgery owing to substantial bone-tissue damage that extends the healing time. In order to mitigate the above challenges, a new micro-lubrication technique—a low-pressure cold mist impinged on the tool–bone joint interface and penetrating well into the bone surface to improve the cooling/lubrication efficiency—has been proposed in bone drilling. In this study, the aims are to characterize the effect of micro-cooling/lubrication on temperature and thrust force at different levels of cutting speed, feed rate, drill diameter, and coolant flow rate. For that purpose, a fresh calf bone was drilled through commercially available drill tool on three-axis mini-machine. The response surface methodology was applied to get the design of experiments, and the analysis of variance at p-values < 0.5 was used. Moreover, the empirical models were developed to examine the simultaneous effect of all the parameters on performance measures. The employed cooling-lubrication technology has shown a percentage reduction in temperature ranging from 34.3% to 48.3%, and 26.8%–35.9% under irrigation with respect to without-irrigation mode. For cutting force, these reductions are 13%–47.6% and 14.5%–44.2%, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of variance has highlighted the cutting speed and feed rate as the two most prominent parameters for temperature and thrust force under all the drilling modes. Relatively high-pressure cold mist in micro-lubrication has offered a lower temperature, thrust force, and clean operating zone under micro-lubrication mode than with/without-irrigation modes. Henceforth, the micro-lubrication technique has been found as a suitable cooling technique for drilling of bone in the viewpoint of temperature and thrust force.

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Zhang, Lixiu, Xiaoyi Wei, Junhai Wang, Yuhou Wu, Dong An, and Dongyang Xi. "Experimental Study on the Lubrication and Cooling Effect of Graphene in Base Oil for Si3N4/Si3N4 Sliding Pairs." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020160.

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Recently, the engineering structural ceramics as friction and wear components in manufacturing technology and devices have attracted much attention due to their high strength and corrosion resistance. In this study, the tribological properties of Si3N4/Si3N4 sliding pairs were investigated by adding few-layer graphene to base lubricating oil on the lubrication and cooling under different experimental conditions. Test results showed that lubrication and cooling performance was obviously improved with the addition of graphene at high rotational speeds and low loads. For oil containing 0.1 wt% graphene at a rotational speed of 3000 r·min−1 and 40 N loads, the average friction coefficient was reduced by 76.33%. The cooling effect on Si3N4/Si3N4 sliding pairs, however, was optimal at low rotational speeds and high loads. For oil containing 0.05 wt% graphene at a lower rotational speed of 500 r·min−1 and a higher load of 140 N, the temperature rise was reduced by 19.76%. In addition, the wear mark depth would decrease when adding appropriate graphene. The mechanism behind the reduction in friction and anti-wear properties was related to the formation of a lubricating protective film.

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He, Juan Juan, Hong Jie Pei, Yang Chu, Shi Wei Wang, and Gui Cheng Wang. "MQL Application in High-Speed Turning Bearing Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.306.

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Green high-speed cutting is one of the main development directions of advanced processing technology.The defects of the traditional cooling and lubrication conditions and the deficiencies of external MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) were analyzed in this paper. A new way of cooling and lubrication named internal MQL was highlighted, and an internal MQL system applied to turning was researched and designed. By high-speed turning of bearing steel GCr15 under different cooling lubrication conditions as dry turning, external and internal MQL, the comparative study of cutting force and surface roughness was carried out systematically. The results showed that the internal MQL has a comparative advantage, showing a good application prospect.

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Yong, He, Yu Jing Sun, Mao Jie Ge, Jian Feng Li, and Jie Sun. "Milling Experimental Investigation on Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V under Different Cooling/Lubrication Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 325 (August 2011): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.406.

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Cooling/lubrication conditions have significant influences on surface integrity, chip morphology, tool life and eventually productive efficiency when machining titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Milling experiment under different cooling/lubrication conditions, namely dry, wet, MQL and nitrogen gas jet were conducted. Cutting forces, surface roughness and chip morphology are obtained. It is shown that cooling/lubrication conditions influence cutting force greatly while its effect on surface roughness is not obvious. The chip surface contacted with rake face under nitrogen gas is smoother than that under dry, but there exists nitrogen adsorption of the chip at higher speed.

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Yuan, Song Mei, Lu Tao Yan, Wei Dong Liu, and Qiang Liu. "Investigation of Machinability in Minimum Quantity Lubrication Milling of GH4169 Aerospace Superalloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.666.

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Due to environmental concerns and the coming legislations, pollution-free and eco-friendly minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technology has become focus of attention in manufacture field. The MQL and cooling system in this work has been designed, fabricated and used. The cutting performance of MQL with cooling air compare with the conventional cooling method in milling of GH4169 aerospace superalloy is evaluated based on analysis of cutting force and surface finish. The effect of cutting parameters (depth of cut, feed rate) on machining performances is analyzed. The experimental results show that, the application of MQL and cooling air brings about a lower cutting force, better surface finish compared to conventional coolant environment.

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Wang, Teng Da, Er Liang Liu, Zhen Li, Hong Yan Ju, and Yong Chun Zheng. "Investigation of Tool-Wear and Surface Roughness in Turning Ti6Al4V under Different Cooling Lubrication Conditions." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.180.

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In titanium alloy machining, under different cooling lubrication conditions, the variation of tool wear and chip morphology have a certain effect on the surface roughness. Under different cooling lubrication conditions, in order to analyze the variation of tool wear, chip morphology and surface roughness, the surface roughness values are measured and the variation in tool wear and chip morphology are observed, and then the interaction relationship between the tool wear and the chip morphology is analyzed. The results show that the tool wear and chip morphology influence on the surface roughness. Under different cooling lubrication, the rake face wear do not change significantly, but wet cooling and MQL play a protective role for the flank face wear.

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Nadolny, Krzysztof, and Seweryn Kieraś. "Experimental Studies on the Centrifugal MQL-CCA Method of Applying Coolant during the Internal Cylindrical Grinding Process." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 22, 2020): 2383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102383.

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This paper presents the results of experimental research concerning the possibility of supporting the cooling function during internal cylindrical grinding using the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) method by additional delivery of a compressed cooled air (CCL) stream. The article presents a description of a hybrid method of cooling and lubrication of the grinding zone integrating centrifugal (through a grinding wheel) lubrication with the minimum quantity of lubricant and cooling with a compressed cooled air stream generated by a cold air gun (CAG). The methodology and results of experimental studies are also presented in detail, with the aim of determining the influence of the application of the hybrid method of cooling and lubrication of the machining zone on the course and results of the internal cylindrical grinding process of 100Cr6 steel in comparison with other methods of cooling and lubrication, as well as compared with dry grinding. The research results obtained using the described hybrid method of cooling and lubrication of the grinding zone are related to the results obtained under the conditions of centrifugal MQL method, cooling with a stream of CCA, cooling and lubrication with a stream of oil-in-water emulsion delivered using the flood method, and dry grinding. The efficiency of the grinding process is evaluated (based on the average grinding power Pav, grinding wheel volumetric wear Vs, material removal Vw, and grinding ratio G), along with the thermal conditions of the process (based on the analysis of thermograms recorded by infrared thermal imaging method), the textures of machined surfaces (based on microtopography measured by contact profilometry), the state of residual stress in the surface layers of workpieces (determined by X-ray diffraction method), and the state of the grinding wheels’ active surfaces after grinding (based on microtopography measured by laser triangulation and images recorded with a digital measuring microscope). The obtained results of the analyses show that the application of the hybrid method allows for the longest wheel life among the five compared grinding methods, which is about 2.7 times the life of grinding wheels working under the flood cooling and centrifugal MQL methods, and as much as 8 times the life of grinding wheels working under the conditions of CCA only and dry grinding.

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Jiang, Feng, Jian Feng Li, Jie Sun, and Song Zhang. "The Effect of Cooling Lubrication Methods on Surface Roughness Measured by the White Light Interferometer." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.471.

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Surface roughness is an important item to evaluate the surface quality. Many researches focused on the optimization of cutting parameters in the specified cooling/lubrication conditions. But the effect of different cooling/lubrication conditions was still less considered. Aimed at this problem, the effect of cutting parameters on the average surface roughness (Ra) in the different cooling/lubrication conditions, including MQL, wet, dry cutting, was analyzed in this study. Orthogonal arrays were applied in the design of the experiments and Ti6Al4V end-milling experiments were performed on the DAEWOO machining center. The white light interferometer was used to obtain the 3D profile of machined surface and calculate the Ra values. The regression analysis and statistical analysis of variance were employed in the process of the experimental data. The relationships between Ra and cutting parameters in the different cooling/lubrication conditions were obtained and the optimum values of the cutting parameters in the range of the experiments were selected.

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NAKANISHI, Yoshitaka, Yuuichi OKA, and Kenryo SHIMAZU. "A22 Lubrication and cooling in biomimetic bearing." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2012 (2012): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2012.11.

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Goodwin, M. J. "Lubrication and cooling in electricity generating plant." Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 2, no. 4 (January 1985): 289–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsl.3000020403.

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Majumdar, Sujit, Suraj Kumar, Debasish Roy, Samik Chakraborty, and Santanu Das. "Improvement of lubrication and cooling in grinding." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 33, no. 13 (September 2017): 1459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2017.1364756.

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Olaru, Ionel, and Dragoş Iulian Nedelcu. "Study on Minimum Quantity Lubrication Systems in Cooling of Machining Processes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 1022–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.1022.

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The cooling systems on machine tools are particularly important; these have a positive influence on the cutting operation and the quality of machined surface. A particular importance represent finding an optimal correlation between the lubricant and coolant used, the material to be processed, processing method and the cutting regime. A high temperature in the working area over a certain value allowable can be harmful in terms of both the resulted surface quality and repercussions on the life of the cutting tool. The parameters of the cooling-lubricating fluid flow can be influenced by the nature of the fluid or fluids, or the nozzle geometry used, which generally has a convergent-divergent geometry in order to achieve a better dispersion of the coolant/lubricant on the area to be machined.

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Pervaiz, Salman, Ibrahim Deiab, Amir Rashid, and Mihai Nicolescu. "Minimal quantity cooling lubrication in turning of Ti6Al4V: Influence on surface roughness, cutting force and tool wear." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 9 (September 22, 2015): 1542–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415599946.

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Titanium alloys generally show low machinability ratings. They are referred as difficult-to-cut materials due to their inherent properties such as low thermal conductivity, high chemical reactivity and high strength at elevated temperatures. Cooling strategies play an important role to improve the machining performance of the cutting process. In order to facilitate the heat dissipation from the cutting zone, generous amount of coolant is used when machining highly reactive metals such as titanium alloys. Generally, cutting coolants are nominated as pollutants due to their non-biodegradable nature. This article presents experimental evaluation of a minimal quantity cooling lubrication system. The study investigates a combination of sub-zero-temperature air and vegetable oil–based mist as possible environmentally benign alternative to conventional cooling methods. The results are compared with the dry and flood cutting environments as well. Machinability was evaluated experimentally by considering the surface finish, cutting forces, tool life and their associated tool wear mechanisms. It was concluded from the results obtained from the surface roughness, cutting force and tool life investigation that minimal quantity cooling lubrication (internal) cooling strategy has encouraging potential to replace the conventional flood cooling method.

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Rosli, N., and N. E. H. Zamiruddin. "Application of Minimum Quantity Lubrication for Various Machining Processes – A Mini Review." Journal of Modern Manufacturing Systems and Technology 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmmst.v4i2.5137.

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Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) is a great alternative lubricating and cooling environment method that has been widely used to replace the conventional flood coolant which brings drawbacks involving environmental awareness, human’s safety and health and manufacturing cost. Taking into account the recent trends, this review paper describes a summary of the research journals reviewed previously MQL in various machining operations involving milling, turning, drilling and grinding of various types of materials. Most recent papers have described the use of vegetable oils which helps in maintaining the environmentally friendly machining. Also, the aided of nanofluid particles and hybrid environment in MQL application conversed the outstanding efficiency in machining performances as compared to that conventional flood lubrication technology. Briefly, this paper have shown the proficiency of eco-friendly MQL approach in improving the performance of machinability such as reducing the surface roughness of workpiece, producing a higher rate of tool life and also reducing the cutting temperature that leads to a sustainable machining environment in the future work.

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Dworzak, Łukasz, Marek Hawryluk, and Marta Janik. "The Impact of the Lubricant Dose on the Reduction of Wear Dies Used in the Forging Process of the Valve Forging." Materials 14, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010212.

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The paper presents the results of research on the influence of the settings of lubrication and cooling system parameters (solenoid valve opening time and lubricant feed pressure in terms of its quantity) in order to select the optimal lubricating conditions and thus reduce the wear of the dies used in the first forging operation of the valve forging made of high-nickel steel. Based on the observation of lubrication in the industrial process, it was found that a significant part of the lubricant fails to reach the die cavity, reaching the outside of it, which causes die wear due to seizure resulting from adhesion of the forging material to the tool surface as well as high lubricant consumption and dirt in the press chamber. The authors proposed their own mobile lubricating and cooling system, which allows for a wide range of adjustments and provided with automatic cleaning procedures of the entire system, unlike the fixed lubrication system used so far in the industrial process. First, tests were carried out in laboratory conditions to determine the highest wettability and the lubricant remaining inside the tool cavity. These tests determined the lubrication system parameter settings that ensured that the greatest amount of lubricant remains in the cold die cavity without the forging process. Then, to verify the obtained results, tests were carried out in the industrial process of hot die forging of valve forgings for short production runs of up to 500 forgings. The results were compared with the measurement of changes in the geometry of tools and forgings based on 3D scanning and surface topography analysis with the use of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). For the best results (the variant of the setting of the dose and the time of exposure to lubricant), the forging process was carried out with the use of a new tool up to the maximum service life.

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Raykovskiy, N. A., V. L. Yusha, A. V. Tretyakov, and V. A. Zakharov. "Theoretical Estimation of Thermal Deformations of Non-Lubricated Bearings of Low-Flow Turbocharger Units." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 10 (715) (October 2019): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2019-10-58-69.

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When designing turbocharger units (microturbines) working with high-temperature flows, it is possible to completely abandon lubrication system and use self-lubricating bearings instead. At the same time, it is important to ensure the required temperature regimes and permissible temperature deformations. Currently, there are no calculation methods that could be used to determine the temperature fields and temperature deformations of the ‘rotor — self-lubrication bearings’ system. The paper proposes a numerical method for calculating bearing assemblies, which takes into account the mutual influence of the operating modes of the turbine unit and the bearing cooling system. The proposed method is tested, and the results of the analysis of temperatures and temperature deformations are presented.

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Yakubov, Chingiz, Ruslan Dzhemalyadinov, and Vladimir Skakun. "Improving material cutting by application of natural origin oil." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 01130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822401130.

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The article deals with the experimental evaluation (in the laboratory) of environmentally secure lubricating and cooling technological means’ (LCTM) influence on the force characteristics and tool wear in the turning process of structural materials with different chemical activity. The experiment results confirm that the use of vegetable and animal fats in combination with the minimal quantity lubrication technology (MQL) provides for a significant reduction of cutting forces and the contact area.

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Arsene, B., G. Pasca Pascariu, F. A. Sarbu, M. Barbu, and G. Calefariu. "Green manufacturing by using organic cooling-lubrication fluids." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 399 (October 3, 2018): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/399/1/012001.

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Li, Chang He, Chao Du, Guo Yu Liu, and Yan Zhou. "Performance Evaluation of Minimum Quantity Cooling Lubrication Using CBN Grinding Wheel." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1827.

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In the grinding process, conventional method of flood delivering coolant fluid by a nozzle in order to achieve chip flushing, cooling, lubrication and chemical protection of work surface. However the conventional flood supply system demands more resources for operation, maintenance, and disposal, and results in higher environmental and health problems. Therefore, there are critical needs to reduce the use of cutting fluid in grinding process, and MQCL grinding is a promising solution. MQCL grinding refers to the use of cutting fluids of only a minute amount typically of a flow rate of 10 to 100 ml/hour which is about hundreds orders of magnitude less than the amount commonly used in flood cooling condition. The evaluation of the performance of the MQCL technique in grinding consisted of analyzing the behavior of the tangential cutting force, G-ratio, Surface morphology and roughness. The results presented here are expected to lead to technological and ecological gains in the grinding process using MQCL.

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Minh, Duc Tran, Long Tran The, and Ngoc Tran Bao. "Performance of Al2O3 nanofluids in minimum quantity lubrication in hard milling of 60Si2Mn steel using cemented carbide tools." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 2017): 168781401771061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017710618.

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In this article, an attempt has been made to explore the potential performance of Al2O3 nanoparticle–based cutting fluid in hard milling of hardened 60Si2Mn steel (50-52 HRC) under different minimum quantity lubrication conditions. The comparison of hard milling under minimum quantity lubrication conditions is done between pure cutting fluids and nanofluids (in terms of surface roughness, cutting force, tool wear, and tool life). Hard milling under minimum quantity lubrication conditions with nanofluid Al2O3 of 0.5% volume has shown superior results. The improvement in tool life almost 177%–230% (depending on the type of nanofluid) and the reduction in surface roughness and cutting forces almost 35%–60% have been observed under minimum quantity lubrication with Al2O3 nanofluids due to better tribological behavior as well as cooling and lubricating effects. The most outstanding result is that the uncoated cemented carbide insert can be effectively used in machining high-hardness steels (>50 HRC) while maintaining long tool life and good surface integrity (Ra = 0.08–0.35 µm; Rz = 0.5–2.0 µm, equivalent to finish grinding) rather than using the costlier tools like coated carbide, ceramic, and (P)CBN. Therefore, using hard nanoparticle–reinforced cutting fluid under minimum quantity lubrication conditions in practical manufacturing becomes very promising.

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Chirita, Bogdan Alexandru, and Nicolae Catalin Tampu. "The Impact of Cooling System on Surface Quality in Milling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.135.

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In the last years there has been an increased demand to lower the impact of industrial activities on environment quality. Cutting fluids, among other products, are an important pollutant but they have often been associated with the need for a higher productivity of machining processes. Cutting fluids are a mean of reducing temperature in the cutting area, friction and tool wear but they also represent 7% to 17% of the production costs. Other problems raised by cutting fluids are: microorganism infestation, which can cause pulmonary and dermatological diseases and poor lubrication or corrosion caused by some of the chemicals. Dry cutting is regarded as the cleanest cooling method, but it has a reduced heat dissipation efficiency and practically there is no lubrication. Other relatively new green solutions concern the use of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cryogenic machining.

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Su, Yu, Ning He, and Liang Li. "Effect of Cryogenic Minimum Quantity Lubrication (CMQL) on Cutting Temperature and Tool Wear in High-Speed End Milling of Titanium Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1816.

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Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication (CMQL) is a kind of green cooling/lubrication technique, which consists of the application of a small amount of lubricant (6-100 ml/h), delivered in a refrigerated compressed gas stream to the cutting zone. This paper experimentally investigates the effect of CMQL on cutting temperature and tool wear in high-speed end milling of titanium alloys. Comparative experiments were conducted under different cooling/lubrication conditions, i.e. dry milling, refrigerated air cutting, and CMQL. The refrigerated gas equipment was manufactured based on composite refrigeration method to provide the refrigerated air. The experimental results show that application of CMQL resulted in drastic reduction in cutting temperature and tool wear especially when machining titanium alloys at a high cutting speed.

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Hassan, A., and Zheng Qiang Yao. "Minimum Lubrication Milling of Titanium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.87.

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During excessive fluid application processing, fluid ends up on the floor, the workers, and the machine, entail serious techno-environmental and biological problems. Very little fluid enters the tool/part interface. Recently, this excess fluid has become another costly control problem. Chemicals of all types introduced into the atmosphere must also be reduced to an absolute minimum. In this paper, the technique of minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL), which is the pulverization of a minimum volume of oil in a flow of compressed air, has been studied in face mill Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys as one alternative to the use of abundant cooling to suppress the cutting heat resulted from low thermal conductivity and the density of the workpiece material. The results showed that MQL of 125ml/h flow amount was found to be the optimum, and there is no significant difference in temperature between MQL of this flow and wet cooling when low cutting speeds used.

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Kuila, Pushparghya Deb, and Shreyes Melkote. "Effect of minimum quantity lubrication and vortex tube cooling on laser-assisted micromilling of a difficult-to-cut steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 11 (April 6, 2020): 1422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405420911268.

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Laser-assisted micromilling is a promising micromachining process for difficult-to-cut materials. Laser-assisted micromilling uses a laser to thermally soften the workpiece in front of the cutting tool, thereby lowering the cutting forces, improving the dimensional accuracy, and reducing the tool wear. Thermal softening, however, causes the workpiece material to adhere to the tool and form a built-up edge. To mitigate this problem and to enhance micromachinability of the workpiece in laser-assisted micromilling, this article investigates the following lubrication and cooling methods: (1) minimum quantity lubrication and (2) vortex tube cooling. Experiments utilizing the two methods are carried out on a difficult-to-cut stainless steel (A286), and the surface morphology, tool condition, burr formation, groove dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and cutting forces are analyzed. Results show that the combination of laser-assisted micromilling and minimum quantity lubrication yields the least amount of tool wear, lower resultant force, better groove dimensional accuracy, and no built-up edge. While vortex tube cooling with laser-assisted micromilling produces smaller burrs compared to minimum quantity lubrication, it yields larger changes in groove dimensions and is characterized by built-up edge formation. Possible physical explanations for the experimental observations are given.

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MATUSZEWSKI, Maciej, Jarosław MIKOŁAJCZYK, Tadeusz MIKOŁAJCZYK, and Michał STYP-REKOWSKI. "THE INFLUENCE OF COOLING AND LUBRICATION LIQUID QUANTITY ON THE ISOTROPY OF A MACHINE COMPONENT SURFACE DURING MACHINING." Tribologia 265, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7580.

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This paper presents an initial verification of the influence of a cooling- -lubrication liquid or its lack on the geometric surface structure of machine components undergoing the process of machining. It has been proposed to use the degree of isotropy of the finish surfaces, apart from commonly used roughness parameters, for the evaluation of changes in the quality of components machined in different cooling and lubrication conditions. In this study, the usefulness of the degree of isotropy for a description of the surface geometric structure characteristics has been verified.

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Qoryah, Rika Dwi Hidayatul, Allen Luviandy, and Mahros Darsin. "Study on Tool Deterioration in Machining with Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Condition." TEKNIK 41, no. 3 (December 21, 2020): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/teknik.v41i3.27348.

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This study aims to observe the tool deterioration following application of minimum quantity lubrication method (MQL). The designed MQL system is completed with an Arduino controller system which was able to be either manually-controlled or automatically-controlled. The tool used in this study is DCMT 11 insert type. The Taguchi method using the Orthogonal Array L9 design was used to compile the design of experiments with variations in depth of cut, coolant composition, and cooling fluid application methods. Each variable consists of three levels. Tool deterioration evaluated by observing it under an optic microscope from three sides of the tool. There are four levels of tool deterioration. The value of tool deterioration of each tool is the accumulation of each side view. ANOVA analysis found that depth of cut, cutting tool composition and method of applying coolant influence tool deterioration in percentage by 32.69%, 17.30 % and 12.82% respectively. Moreover, the minimum tool deterioration would be achieved when using the parameter combination of depth of cut of 1.6 mm; mixture composition of 3:7; and using the temperature-controlled MQL.

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Xia, Ru Ting. "A Study on Machinability in Turning 1Cr18Ni9Ti Steel under Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 1013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.1013.

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The present study show that metal cutting fluids changes the machinability because of their lubrication and cooling in turning 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) Machining. The experiments compares the mechanical performance of MQL to completely dry lubrication for the turning of 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel based on experimental measurement of cutting temperature, cutting forces, surface roughness, and dimensional deviation. Results indicated that the use of near dry lubrication leads to lower cutting temperature and cutting force, favorable chip-tool interaction, reduced tool wears, surface roughness, and dimensional deviation.

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Brinksmeier, E., A. Walter, R. Janssen, and P. Diersen. "Aspects of cooling lubrication reduction in machining advanced materials." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 213, no. 8 (August 1999): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405991517209.

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Dong, Pham Quang, Tran Minh Duc, and Tran The Long. "Performance Evaluation of MQCL Hard Milling of SKD 11 Tool Steel Using MoS2 Nanofluid." Metals 9, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9060658.

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The present work shows an experimental investigation on the effect of minimum quantity cooling lubrication (MQCL) during hard milling of SKD 11 tool steel (52–60HRC). The novelty here lies on the use of MQCL technique, which comprises the cooling strategy based on the principle of Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube and MQL method. Moreover, MoS2 nanoparticles are suspended in MQCL based fluid to improve the lubricating character. The response parameters, including surface roughness, surface microstructure, and surface profile are studied. The obtained results show that MQCL using nanofluid gives out better surface quality compared to dry, MQL, and MQCL with pure fluid. Also, the different concentrations of MoS2 nanoparticles are investigated to find out the optimized value as well as the interaction effect on machined surface.

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Vaniev, E. R., V. V. Skakun, E. Sh Dzhemilov, and I. D. Abdulkerimov. "Increasing the Efficiency of Milling Stainless Steels by Using Lubricating-Cooling Technological Medium." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 7 (736) (July 2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-7-10-18.

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This article considers the possibility of increasing the efficiency of end milling by using a modified lubricating-cooling technological medium, based on a water-miscible cutting fluid. The conditions for the effective use of modified coolant in processing stainless steels ensuring a decrease in cutting forces and therefore a decrease in vibrations, which contributes to an increase in the quality of manufactured products have been determined. A decrease in cutting forces is due to the presence of oleic acid in the modified cutting fluid, containing surfactants, forming a dense lubricating film on the surface of the cutting tool. When mixing oleic acid in a water-miscible cutting fluid, a special soap solution significantly improving the solubility is used. However, over time, stratification of liquids occurs. To ensure the homogeneity of the medium, a special device has been developed that allows continuous mixing of the compositions, due to the presence of impellers with differently oriented blades. To save a lubricant, the technology of minimum lubrication was used, which allows the lubricant to be supplied to the cutting zone in portions (dosed) using the Noga Minicool device.

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Abou-El-Hossein, K. "Effect of Minimum Quantity Lubrication when Turning a Steel Grade." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.392.

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In turning operations a coolant is usually introduced to the cutting zone to reduce the friction developed at the tool-workpiece contact area and remove heat generated because of this rubbing action. Conventionally, a coolant is introduced into the cutting zone in excessive quantities. However, a lot of concern has been raised recently as a result of the uncontrolled using of coolants in the metal cutting industry. Therefore, the concept of minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) has been introduced recently. In this paper, the principle of MQL is utilised in machining of a steel grade. The performance of MQL in terms of surface finish is evaluated against both, the flood coolant and dry cutting modes. The results obtained show that MQL produces acceptable surface finish. Therefore, it is highly recommended to consider the application of MQL instead of flood cooling when turning steel grades.

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Hou, Ya Li, and Chang He Li. "Numerical Simulation of Hydrodynamic Fluid Pressure in Grinding Zone with Resin-Bonded Diamond Grinding Wheel." Key Engineering Materials 426-427 (January 2010): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.426-427.668.

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In the grinding process, grinding fluid is delivered for the purposes of chip flushing, cooling, lubrication and chemical protection of work surface. Lubrication and cooling are the most important roles provided by a grinding fluid. Hence, the conventional method of flood delivering coolant fluid by a nozzle in order to achieve high process performance purposivelly. However, hydrodynamic fluid pressure can be generated ahead of the grinding zone due to the wedge effect between wheel peripheral surface and part surface. In the paper, a theoretical hydrodynamic pressure modeling is presented for flow of coolant fluid through the grinding zone in flood delivery mode in the surface grinding using resin-bonded diamond grinding wheel, which based on Navier-Stokes equation and continuous formulae. The numerical simulation results showed that the hydrodynamic pressure was proportion to grinding wheel velocity, and inverse proportion to the minimum gap between wheel and workpiece and the maximum pressure was generated just in the minimum clearance region in which higher fluid pressure gradient occur. It can also be concluded the pressure distribution was uniform in the direction of width of wheel except at the edge of wheel because of the side-leakage.

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WOJCIECHOWSKI, Andrzej, Małgorzata SŁOMION, and Maciej MATUSZEWSKI. "BEARING CAPACITY OF THE SURFACE AFTER MACHINING WITH MINIMUM COOLING AND LUBRICATION." Tribologia 282, no. 6 (December 31, 2018): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8447.

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The paper discusses the problem of surface bearing capacity and the parameters that characterize it in the context of the assessment of functional features. The result of the tests that are concerning the verification of the influence of minimal cooling and lubrication during processing on the constituted geometric surface structure described by the load capacity parameters are presented. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that the minimum cooling and lubrication does not have a negative impact on the functional features, and they are even more advantageous than with the conventional processing fluid.

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Gupta, Munish Kumar, Muhammad Jamil, Xiaojuan Wang, Qinghua Song, Zhanqiang Liu, Mozammel Mia, Hussein Hegab, et al. "Performance Evaluation of Vegetable Oil-Based Nano-Cutting Fluids in Environmentally Friendly Machining of Inconel-800 Alloy." Materials 12, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 2792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172792.

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Recently, the application of nano-cutting fluids has gained much attention in the machining of nickel-based super alloys due their good lubricating/cooling properties including thermal conductivity, viscosity, and tribological characteristics. In this study, a set of turning experiments on new nickel-based alloy i.e., Inconel-800 alloy, was performed to explore the characteristics of different nano-cutting fluids (aluminum oxide (Al2O3), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and graphite) under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions. The performance of each nano-cutting fluid was deliberated in terms of machining characteristics such as surface roughness, cutting forces, and tool wear. Further, the data generated through experiments were statistically examined through Box Cox transformation, normal probability plots, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. Then, an in-depth analysis of each process parameter was conducted through line plots and the results were compared with the existing literature. In the end, the composite desirability approach (CDA) was successfully implemented to determine the ideal machining parameters under different nano-cutting cooling conditions. The results demonstrate that the MoS2 and graphite-based nanofluids give promising results at high cutting speed values, but the overall performance of graphite-based nanofluids is better in terms of good lubrication and cooling properties. It is worth mentioning that the presence of small quantities of graphite in vegetable oil significantly improves the machining characteristics of Inconel-800 alloy as compared with the two other nanofluids.

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Mahdavinejad, Ramezan Ali. "Effect of Lubricant in Output Parameters of Milling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.335.

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The usage of lubrication in machining processes especially in high speed milling is very important. In this research, some steel samples are machined with and without cooling lubricant conditions. In these cases, the material removal rate and surface finishing of machined surfaces are analyzed. The comparison between two conditions shows that the usage of lubricant as coolant material, improves the output machining parameters significantly.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cooling and Lubrication'

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