Journal articles on the topic 'Cook archipelago'

An annotated checklist of the psyllids of the Cook Islands is presented. The presence ofSyntomozatahuata(Klyver, 1932) andTriozaalifumosaKlyver, 1932 in the archipelago, based on new material collected, is reported for the first time. This is the first record from these islands of the genusSyntomozaand the family Liviidae. An identification key to the psyllid species known from the Cook Islands is provided, and their origin and provenance are discussed in relation to their biogeographic implications.

The Cook Islands are considered the “gateway” for human colonization of East Polynesia, the final chapter of Oceanic settlement and the last major region occupied on Earth. Indeed, East Polynesia witnessed the culmination of the greatest maritime migration in human history. Perennial debates have critiqued whether Oceanic settlement was purposeful or accidental, the timing and pathways of colonization, and the nature and extent of postcolonization voyaging—essential for small founding groups securing a lifeline between parent and daughter communities. Centering on the well-dated Tangatatau rockshelter, Mangaia, Southern Cook Islands, we charted the temporal duration and geographic spread of exotic stone adze materials—essential woodworking tools found throughout Polynesia— imported for more than 300 y beginning in the early AD 1300s. Using a technique requiring only 200 mg of sample for the geochemical analysis of trace elements and isotopes of fine-grained basalt adzes, we assigned all artifacts to an island or archipelago of origin. Adze material was identified from the chiefly complex on the Austral Islands, from the major adze quarry complex on Tutuila (Samoa), and from the Marquesas Islands more than 2,400 km distant. This interaction is the only dated example of down-the-line exchange in central East Polynesia where intermediate groups transferred commodities attesting to the interconnectedness and complexity of social relations fostered during postsettlement voyaging. For the Cook Islands, this exchange may have lasted into the 1600s, at least a century later than other East Polynesian archipelagos, suggesting that interarchipelago interaction contributed to the later development of social hierarchies.

East Polynesia was the geographic terminus of prehistoric human expansion across the globe and the southern Cook Islands, the first archipelago west of Samoa, a gateway to this region. Fourteen new radiocarbon dates from one of the oldest human settlements in this archipelago, the Ureia site (AIT-10) on Aitutaki Island, now indicate occupation from cal AD 1225–1430 (1σ), nearly 300 yr later than previously suggested. Although now among the most securely dated central East Polynesian sites, the new age estimate for Ureia places it outside the settlement period of either the long or short chronology models. The new dates have, however, led to a comfortable fit with the Ureia biological evidence, which suggests not a virgin landscape, but a highly a modified fauna and flora. The results also provide the first systematic demonstration of inbuilt age in tropical Pacific trees, a finding that may explain widely divergent 14C results from several early East Polynesian sites and has implications for the dating of both island colonization and subsequent intra-island dispersals.

It is unknown how many spawning areas exist for tropical South Pacific eels (Anguilla marmorata, A. megastoma, A. obscura) populating island archipelagos between Papua New Guinea and French Polynesia. They could spawn at single centralised eastern and western locations, implying long-distance migrations by some eels, or at several local spawning areas. Larval catches, morphological and genetic investigations, and tagging experiments have provided no unequivocal answer. In this study, A. marmorata and A. megastoma were tagged with pop-up satellite archival transmitters at Samoa, in the centre of their distribution ranges. Tags surfaced prematurely after 11 to 25 d, 91 to 345 km from the point of release. One A. marmorata and one A. megastoma came within 180 and 230 km, respectively, from where a small A. marmorata leptocephalus was caught north of American Samoa during a recent research cruise, suggesting that eels may spawn near the archipelago. Silver eels exhibited diel vertical migrations between 180 m during the night and more than 700 m during the day. At their upper migration depths, eels migrated towards increasing salinity and towards local eddies, raising the question of whether they may actively search for these oceanographic features. Up to 15% of virtual larvae released near Samoa were retained within local eddies and could have recruited back to the archipelago. The remaining larvae drifted as far as Fiji and the Cook Islands to the west and east, respectively. The exchange of leptocephali probably connects several local spawning areas throughout the South Pacific Ocean, causing genetic exchange among areas.

This article analyses the Spanish contribution to the exploration and charting of the South Pacific at the time of Captain James Cook. The article focuses on three expeditions conducted in the Age of Enlightenment, reflecting certain changes in the discourse of exploration and dissemination of knowledge. Captain Don Felipe González de Ahedo arrived on Easter Island in 1770, claimed it in the name of the Spanish crown and, with the help of his navigator Juan Hervé, conducted detailed charting of the island. Hervé would play a key role in the next two expeditions sent to the South Pacific by the Viceroy of Peru, Manuel de Amat y Junyent. The two expeditions led by Domingo de Bonechea Andonaegui in 1772–73 and 1774–75 explored and charted Tahiti and the Tuamotu Archipelago. As a result of the expeditions, apart from comprehensive travel logs, a series of some ninety charts appeared, documenting the achievements of Spanish maritime cartography of the South Pacific. In this article, interaction between Spanish and other explorative cartographers will be considered, giving special regard to the influence of Cook. The article presents the Spanish manuscript charts of the South Pacific that are kept in the State Library of New South Wales (Somaglia Collection), the Real Academia de la Historia (Madrid), the Archivo General de Indias (Seville), the Museo Naval de Madrid and Biblioteca Nacional de Chile.

Abstract Black Turnstone is an obligate Pacific coast shorebird that is included as a “Species of High Concern” in both the U.S. and Alaska Shorebird Conservation Plans. Specific migration routes for this species are not well understood, which makes its recent disappearance at a major spring stopover site, northern Montague Island in Prince William Sound, Alaska, difficult to interpret. We tracked 23 Black Turnstones between breeding and wintering areas and examined migration timing, duration, and routes used. We identified two high-use regions during migration: 1) Cook Inlet/Shelikof Strait, Alaska, and 2) the Haida Gwaii Archipelago in British Columbia/Alexander Archipelago in southeastern Alaska. This second region was also an important wintering area. We found that northbound migration was longer than southbound (the reverse of what is often observed in shorebirds) and that staging behavior was primarily seen during northbound migration. No birds were tracked to northern Montague Island, and only a few individuals stopped anywhere in Prince William Sound. Alterations in patterns of spring herring spawn in Prince William Sound may be affecting the routes and stopovers used by Black Turnstones, and birds may be wintering farther north in recent decades due to warmer winter conditions. Additionally, the increasing availability and popularity of citizen science efforts like eBird has created a mechanism for disseminating observations from less accessible parts of the Black Turnstone range, a fact which may confound our understanding of whether migration routes for this species have changed over the last 30 years.

This article is based on the Community Partnership Program (PKM) which seeks to solve the problems faced by Osing indigenous community, especially the Archipelago Indigenous Youth Front (BPAN) of Osing from the aspects of preservation strategies and revitalization of ritual meals. The solutions offered from this program are the making of ritual meals cooking book, digital documentation (pictures, writings, sounds and videos) stored in the form of Digital Video Disc (DVD) and ritual meals cooking training for young people. The activities are in the form of making a book containing ritual meals recipes and way of cooking, training module which contains the way to cook ritual meals and ritual meals training for young people while the mentoring method was carried out by the team continuously during the period of the PKM program. The outputs are training module, a book with recipes and way of cooking of ritual meals, digital documentation, and ritual meals training model for young people.

Mecistocephalus guildingii Newport, 1843 (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Mecistocephalidae) is redescribed, and its geographical distribution revised and updated, after examination of 28 specimens from different localities together with critical assessment of published accounts and records. Mecistocephalus guildingii Newport, 1843 (= Mecistocephalus punctilabratus Newport, 1845, n. syn.; = Lamnonyx leonensis Cook, 1896, n. syn.; = Mecistocephalus maxillaris guadeloupensis Demange and Pereira, 1985, n. syn.) is distinguished from other Mecistocephalus species, with which it has been often confused, mainly in head elongation and some features of the clypeus. M. guildingii has been reported hitherto from less than two dozen sites on the eastern side of tropical Americas, however it is actually established in islands and coastal sites on both sides of the tropical part of the Atlantic ocean: on the American side from Bermuda through the Antilles to southern Brazil; on the African side in the Cape Verde archipelago and from Gambia to Liberia. It is also established in a locality on the Pacific coast of Mexico, and has been found occasionally inland in Brazil and in European hothouses and other disturbed anthropic sites.

The Samoan Archipelago occupies a critical position for understanding the dispersal of early Austronesian-speaking peoples into the southwestern Pacific, including the initial colonization by humans of the Polynesian triangle. To date, the most easterly reported site of the Lapita cultural complex (Green, 1979; Kirch, 1984; Kirch & Hunt, 1988) is the Mulifanua site on Upolu Island, Western Samoa (Green & Davidson, 1974). Lapita colonists settled the larger, western Samoan Islands by the end of the second millennium bc. Archaeologic and linguistic evidence also suggest that the islands of Eastern Polynesia (eg, Marquesas, Society and Cook Islands) were settled, at least in part, from Samoa. However, the timing of this movement into Eastern Polynesia has not yet been dated to earlier than ca 150 bc on the basis of radiocarbon dating of cultural materials from the Marquesas Islands (Kirch, 1986; Ottino, 1985). This has raised the issue of whether there was a “long pause” between the settlement of Samoa (and the other islands of Western Polynesia, such as Tonga, Futuna, and ‘Uvea) and that of Eastern Polynesia (Irwin, 1981; Kirch, 1986; Terrell, 1986).

The 1996 Chagos Expedition provided the first opportunity to study the archipelago’s lichen flora. Seventeen of the 55 islands were ecologically investigated, some in more detail than others, and lists and representative collections of lichens have been assembled for many of them. In all, 67 taxa have been recorded, 52 to specific level. Although the islands have a low biodiversity for cryptogamic plants, as would be expected in terms of their relatively young age, remoteness and small terrestrial surface areas, those taxa that are present are often found in abundance and play significant ecological roles. There is a good correlation between total lichen biodiversity and island size, despite the fact that Cocos nucifera is such an important substratum for cryptogamic plants and its presence on all islands studied provides a consistently high associated species count. Comparisons of lichen floras for ten island and coastal tropical areas show good correlations (based on the Sörensen Coefficient) within the Indian Ocean as would be expected, but poorer correlations exist within and between Pacific Ocean and neotropical floras. Ranked correlations between Chagos and other floras are in the sequence Maldives > Laing Island > Aldabra > Tuamotu > Pitcairn > N.Mariana & Belize > Guadeloupe > Cook. When coefficients are calculated using only the Physciaceae, different correlations and sequences are derived, but the affinities of the Indian Ocean islands remain strong. However, although the lichen flora of Chagos is characteristic for an Indian Ocean, it is dominated by pantropical species.

On 1 July 1909, in the course of patrolling the Arctic on behalf of Canada, Captain J.E. Bernier claimed for Canada the territory between its east and west mainland borders all the way to the North Pole—that is, the entire Arctic Archipelago. Although the legitimacy of his act was considered dubious even by his own government, it introduced the “sector principle” to international practice and has since become a staple in the nation’s claims to Arctic sovereignty. But focus on Bernier’s sector claim has obscured attention from his four voyages for Canada in the first decade of the century, and paradoxically left the broader context for his claim unexplored. This essay frames his 1909 act in relation to his decade-long quest to win fame as Canada’s competitor in the race to the North Pole. The article’s specific contributions are in revealing that Bernier actually made a sector claim during his previous cruise; that his connections in 1908 with American polar challengers Peary and Cook encouraged his 1909 decision; and that although the Dominion Day proclamation was what he would be remembered for, Bernier himself later ascribed surprisingly little significance to it.

Abstract The passerine genus Pomarea (monarchs, Monarchidae) is endemic to eastern Polynesia, where it is distributed on high volcanic islands of the Cook, Society, and Marquesas archipelagos. Recent extinctions of these birds have been documented on several islands, and most of the remaining forms are threatened by introducted rats (Rattus rattus) and habitat loss. We used mitochondrial DNA markers to develop a phylogeny of the entire genus Pomarea, including extinct taxa. This phylogeny was compared to geological data of the eastern Polynesian islands, with emphasis on the Marquesas archipelago where Pomarea has undergone its most extensive diversification. The phylogeny of Pomarea monarchs is consistent with the sequential appearance of the Marquesas islands. We approximated the ages of the lineages using molecular-clock and Bayesian methods that incorporate geological data. Both analyses showed differences of 1 to 2 million years between the ages of most islands and the ages of the nodes. We suggest that these differences are due to a latent period during which the islands were emergent but not successully colonized by Pomarea taxa. Phylogenetic hypotheses suggest that several species are polyphyletic. We outline the taxonomic consequences of our tree as well as implications for the evolution of sexual dimorphism in monarchs. Biogeografía de Pomarea: Un Género Endémico del Este de Polinesia Cercano a la Extinción Resumen. El género de aves paserinas Pomarea (Monarchidae) es endémico del este de Polinesia, donde se distribuye en las islas volcánicas de gran elevación de los archipiélagos Cook, Society y Marquesas. En varias islas se han documentado extinciones recientes de estas aves y la mayoría de las formas remanentes están amenazadas por ratas introducidas (Rattus rattus) y por la pérdida de hábitat. Empleamos marcadores de ADN mitocondrial para determinar la filogenia de todo el género Pomarea, incluyendo los taxones extintos. Esta filogenia fue comparada con datos geológicos de las islas polinésicas del este, poniendo énfasis en el archipiélago Marquesas donde Pomarea ha experimentado la diversificación más amplia. La filogenia de Pomarea es consistente con la aparición secuencial de las islas Marquesas. Estimamos las edades de los linajes usando los métodos de reloj molecular y Bayesiano que incorporan datos geológicos. Ambos análisis mostraron diferencias de 1 a 2 millones de años entre las edades de la mayoría de las islas y las edades de los nodos. Sugerimos que estas diferencias se deben a un período de latencia durante el cual las islas estuvieron emergidas pero no fueron colonizadas exitosamente por taxones de Pomarea. Las hipótesis filogenéticas sugieren que varias especies son polifiléticas. Destacamos las consecuencias taxonómicas de nuestro árbol así como las implicancias para la evolución del dimorfismo sexual en Pomarea.

The concepts of style and function are theoretically defined from a neo-Darwinian perspective and the expected spatial-temporal distributions of each kind of trait outlined. Fish-hook assemblages from Aitutaki, Cook Islands, are examined using this framework and related to previously studied collections. Emerging stylistic patterns support notions of interaction between certain East Polynesian archipelagos around the 14th century AD.

Abstract Blessed with a salubrious climate, the city of Bengaluru over the past few decades has constantly witnessed thermal discomfort owing to several Urban Heat islands that have mushroomed within the city. The subsequent increase in builtup area, consequent loss of productive agricultural lands/green zones, encroachment of surface water bodies coupled with the ill-preparedness of decision makers to handle the demand for land have invariably crumbled the natural micro-climate of the city. In this present research, an attempt has been made to detect the distribution of Urban Heat Islands in Bengaluru City by conducting real-time survey at 100 observatories marked across the entire urban & rural locations; with thermohygrometers as per the W.M.O. guidelines. The study confirmed the violation of the Human Thermal Comfort Range in 9, 83, 98, 99, 98 and 80 observatories for the monitoring at 6 AM, 9 AM, 12 PM, 3 PM, 6 PM and 9 PM respectively.

The Aeolian Islands (Italy) are a volcanic archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea comprising seven main islands, among which are two active volcanoes. The peculiar geological features and the wide variety of environments and soils have an important impact on native plants, and in particular, the Aeolian populations of Dactylis glomerata (a perennial cool-season bunchgrass) exhibit remarkable phenotypic variability. Considering that environmental drivers also strongly affect the production of plant metabolites, this work aimed at comparing the metabolomic profiles of D. glomerata (leaves) harvested at different altitudes on four islands of the Aeolian archipelago, namely: Lipari, Vulcano, Stromboli and Panarea. Samples were analyzed by 1H NMR profiling, and data were treated by PCA. Samples collected on Stromboli were very different from each other and from the samples collected in the other islands. Through an Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (OPLS) model, using altitude as the y variable, it emerged that the concentration of proline, glycine betaine, sucrose, glucose and chlorogenic acid of D. glomerata growing on Stromboli decreased at increasing altitude. Conversely, increasing altitude was associated with an increment in valine, asparagine, fumaric acid and phenylalanine.

Ocean circulation and water mass characteristics around the Galápagos Archipelago are studied using a four-level nested-domain ocean system (HYCOM). The model sensitivity to atmospheric forcing frequency and spatial resolution is examined. Results show, that with prescribed atmospheric forcing, HYCOM can generally simulate the major El Niño events especially the strong 1997-1998 events. Waters surrounding the archipelago show a large range of temperature and salinity in association with four different current systems. West zones of Isabella and Fernandina Islands are the largest upwelling zones, resulting from the collision of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) with the islands, bringing relatively colder, salty waters to the surface and marking the location of the highest biological production. Model results, which agree well with observations, show a seasonal cycle in the transport of the EUC, reaching a maximum during the late spring/early summer and minimum in the late fall. The far northern region is characterized by warmer, fresher water with the greatest mixed layer depth as a result of Panama Current waters entering from the northeast. Water masses over the remainder of the region result from mixing of cool Peru Current waters and upwelled Cold Tongue waters entering from the east.

Abstract: The country of Indonesia is very beautiful and enchanting with a variety of cultures, ethnicities, customs, and religions that are owned from Sabang to Merauke. Historical background, a cool and geographical environment of various ethnicities, the development of the region, various languages are also one of the factors that add to the richness of Indonesian culture to be known in the global community. these differences provide more value for Indonesia. The uniqueness and diversity will never be extinct if it continues to be preserved by the nation's generation. As an archipelago country with various cultures and has quite a number of citizens, Indonesia will be easily known abroad.. Keywords: Keywords: Promotion strategy, culture, tourist

Abstract This article combines methodological approaches from global history and food history to demonstrate the multi-direction interactions between mobile people, plants and material culture and the creation of a new global food culture in Batavia, the headquarters of the Dutch East India Company. It reconstructs the global world of Batavia in the eighteenth century and shows how the horticultural, cooking and eating practices of its inhabitants revealed the port city’s connections with distant shores. Batavia was populated by a minority of Europeans, together with more numerous Chinese migrants from Fujian and enslaved people from across the Malay-Indonesian archipelago and the Coromandel, Malabar and Bengal regions of India. Food producers and consumers, traders, and enslaved cooks and cultivators from all these places contributed a diversity of culinary influences that were re-assembled into cooking and eating practices, many of which had never before existed in the same culinary context. While the article uses sources produced by Dutch-speaking colonists, it reads them against the grain in order to reconstruct this diversity of actors, spotlighting the role of enslaved cooks as mobile circulators of knowledge.

Over the last 30 yr, there has been an ongoing debate on the dates and modes of the earliest colonization of East Polynesia, namely the Cook Islands, the 5 archipelagos of French Polynesia, the Hawai'i Islands, Easter Island, and New Zealand. At least 3 alternative models were proposed by Sinoto, Anderson, Kirch, and Conte, but interestingly all these models basically relied on the same set of roughly 200 radiocarbon dates on various organic materials from archaeological excavations as far back as the 1950s. Some of the models differed by 500–1000 yr—for a proposed initial colonization around the turn of the BC/AD eras, if not considerably later. By comparing the different approaches to this chronological issue, it becomes evident that almost all known problems in dealing with 14C dates from archaeological excavations are involved: stratigraphy and exact location of samples, sample material and quality, inbuilt ages and reservoir effects, lab errors in ancient dates, etc. More recently, research into landscape and vegetation history has produced alternative 14C dating for early human impact, adding to the confusion about the initial stages of island colonization, while archaeological 14C dates, becoming increasingly “young” as compared to former investigations, now advocate a rapid and late (post-AD 900) colonization of the archipelagos. As it appears, the Polynesian case is more than just another case study, it's a lesson on 14C-based archaeological chronology. The present paper does not pretend to solve the problems of early Polynesian colonization, but intends to contribute to the debate on how 14C specialists and archaeologists might cooperate in the future.

A quantitative study was performed on calcareous plankton of the Messinian-early Zanclean succession recovered at ODP Leg 157 Hole 953C (Canary Island Archipelago, North-Eastern Atlantic). This revision allowed to recognize some events typically recorded in the Mediterranean region, highlighting affinities between the Mediterranean and North Atlantic Ocean, in the considered time interval. The presence of such events in an open-ocean succession provides the possibility to substantially improve the biostratigraphic resolution and supplies useful correlation tools between the Mediterranean and oceanic areas. Moreover, to unravel cyclical patterns of deposition and given that the investigated succession shows no evident lithological pattern, cyclostratigraphic analyses have been based on abundance fluctuations of Globigerinoides-Orbulina group, neogloboquadrinids, and warm-water versus cool-water species ratio. As a result, forty-three precession-controlled cycles have been recognized spanning from 6.457 Ma to 4.799 Ma.

Fossiliferous marine Devonian has been known in Chile for less than a decade. The initial discovery from south of the Salar de Atacama region, in the Sierra de Almeida, northern Chile is described together with its brachiopods. The brachiopods indicate an age span of Emsian–Eifelian or Givetian, shallow-water conditions in the Benthic Assemblage 2 range, and a biogeographic boundary region between the cool climate Malvinokaffric Realm and warmer region extra-Malvinokaffric Realms, including the Eastern Americas Realm and the Rhenish-Bohemian Region of the Old World Realm. The recent discovery of a Malvinokaffric Realm trilobite far to the south in Chile, at Buill in the Andes of Chiloe, serves to underline our very preliminary knowledge of the Chilean Devonian, whereas the alleged Devonian brachiopods from the Chonos Archipelago far to the south are probably bivalves of uncertain age.

Calymenid trilobites are common components of diverse Silurian silicified faunas recovered from the Cape Phillips Formation of the Cape Phillips Basin, central Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Calymenids are represented in the Wenlock of the northern Laurentian region by only two genera, Diacalymene Kegel, 1927, and Arcticalymene new genus (type species A. viciousi new species). Calymenid diversity in any given fauna is never higher than two species, although these species may be numerically abundant. Arcticalymene became extinct during the Homerian, at which point calymenids disappeared forever from the northern Laurentian record.Other new taxa are Arcticalymene cooki new species, A. jonesi new species, A. matlocki new species, and A. rotteni new species. Material representing at least two more species of the new genus is reported in open nomenclature. Diacalymene gabrielsi Siveter and Chatterton, 1996, is recorded from the Cape Phillips Basin.

Abstract The yellow paper wasp, Polistes versicolor (Olivier) was first recorded in the Galapagos archipelago in 1988. Its life cycle and ecological impacts were studied on two islands 11 yr after it was first discovered. This invasive wasp adapted quickly and was found in most environments. Colony counts and adult wasp monitoring showed a strong preference for drier habitats. Nest activities were seasonally synchronized, nest building followed the rains in the hot season (typically January–May), when insect prey increases, and peaked as temperature and rains started to decline. Next, the number of adult wasps peaked during the cool season when there is barely any rain in the drier zones. In Galapagos, almost half of the prey loads of P. versicolor were lepidopteran larvae, but wasps also carried spiders, beetles, and flies back to the colonies. An estimated average of 329 mg of fresh insect prey was consumed per day for an average colony of 120–150 wasp larvae. The wasps preyed upon native and introduced insects, but likely also affect insectivorous vertebrates as competitors for food. Wasps may also compete with native pollinators as they regularly visited flowers to collect nectar, and have been recorded visiting at least 93 plant species in Galapagos, including 66 endemic and native plants. Colonies were attacked by a predatory moth, Taygete sphecophila (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Autostichidae), but colony development was not arrested. High wasp numbers also affect the activities of residents and tourists. A management program for this invasive species in the archipelago is essential.

A vegetation map reconstructed for the Japanese Archipelago (based upon pollen data from 28 sites and plant macrofossil data from 33 sites) at the time of last glacial maximum shows that coniferous forests covered extensive areas of the land. Boreal conifer forests (dominated by thePicea jezoensiscomplex,P. glehnii, Abies sachalinensis, A. mariesii, Tsuga diversifolia, andPinuswithLarix gmelinii, though the latter species was confined only to the northern part of northeastern Honshu and Hokkaido) occupied the modern cool-temperature deciduous broadleaf and mid-temperate conifer forest zones, and temperate coniferous forests (mainlyPicea maximowiczii, P. polita, P. bicolor, P. koyamai, Abies firma, A. homolepis, Tsuga sieboldii, andPinus), the present warm-temperate evergreen (laurilignosa) forest zone. Small populations of various broadleaf forest species were scattered in the full-glacial temperate conifer forest mainly along the coastal belt, and the true laurilignosa forest was limited in distribution, occurring only in the paleo-Yaku Peninsula.

AbstractNumerous cirques of the Lofoten–Vesterålen archipelago in northern Norway have distinct moraine sequences that previously have been assigned to the Allerød-Younger Dryas (∼ 13,400 to 11,700 yr BP) interval, constraining the regional distribution of the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) of cirque and valley glaciers. Here we present evidence from a once glacier-fed lake on southern Andøya that contests this view. Analyses of radiocarbon dated lacustrine sediments including rock magnetic parameters, grain size, organic matter, dry bulk density and visual interpretation suggest that no glacier was present in the low-lying cirque during the Younger Dryas-Allerød. The initiation of the glacial retreat commenced with the onset of the Bølling warming (∼ 14,700 yr BP) and was completed by the onset of Allerød Interstade (∼ 13,400 yr BP). The reconstructed glacier stages of the investigated cirque coincide with a cool and dry period from ∼ 17,500 to 14,700 yr BP and a somewhat larger Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) advance possibly occurring between ∼ 21,050 and 19,100 yr BP.

The Southern Ocean provides one of the largest environmental gradients on Earth that lacks geographical barriers, and small but highly mobile petrels living there may offer fine models of evolution of diversity along environmental gradients. Using geolocation devices, we investigated the winter distribution of closely related petrel species breeding sympatrically in the southern Indian Ocean, and applied ecological niche models to compare environmental conditions in the habitat used. We show that thin-billed prions ( Pachyptila belcheri ), Antarctic prions ( Pachyptila desolata ) and blue petrels ( Halobaena caerulea ) from the Kerguelen archipelago in the southern Indian Ocean segregate latitudinally, sea surface temperature being the most important variable separating the distribution of the species. Antarctic prions spent the winter north of the Polar Front in temperate waters, whereas blue petrels were found south of the Polar Front in Antarctic waters. Thin-billed prions preferred intermediate latitudes and temperatures. Stable isotope values of feathers reflected this near complete niche separation across an ecological gradient that spans large scales, and suggest evolutionary isolation by environment. In pelagic seabirds that exploit large areas of ocean, spatial niche partitioning may not only facilitate coexistence among ecologically similar species, but may also have driven their evolution in the absence of geographical barriers.

The cranial arterial pattern of artiodactyls deviates significantly from the typical mammalian pattern. One of the most striking atypical features is the rete mirabile epidurale: a subdural arterial meshwork that functionally and anatomically replaces the arteria carotis interna. This meshwork facilitates an exceptional ability to cool the brain, and was thought to be present in all artiodactyls. Recent research, however, has found that species of mouse deer (Artiodactyla: Tragulidae) endemic to the Malay Archipelago possess a complete a. carotis interna instead of a rete mirabile epidurale. As tragulids are the sister group to pecoran ruminants, the lack of a rete mirabile epidurale in these species raises intriguing evolutionary questions about the origin and nature of artiodactyl thermoregulatory cranial vasculature. In this study, cranial arterial patterns are documented for the remaining species within the Tragulidae. Radiopaque latex vascular injection, computed tomography (CT-scanning), and digital 3-dimensional anatomical reconstruction are used to image the cranial arteries of a Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain,Moschiola meminna. Sites of hard and soft tissue interaction were identified, and these osteological correlates were then sought in nine skulls representative of the remaining tragulid species. Both hard and soft tissue surveys confirm that the presence of an a. carotis interna is the common condition for tragulids. Moreover, the use of a 3-D, radiographic anatomical imaging technique enabled identification of a carotico-maxillary anastomosis that may have implications for the evolution of the artiodactyl rete mirabile epidurale.

AbstractBreakdown of skeletal and lithic hard substrates by organisms, a process referred to as bioerosion, is part of the global carbon cycle and receives increased attention, but little is known about bioerosion in polar environments. Here, we study bioerosion traces (addressed by their respective ichnotaxa) recorded in the barnacle Bathylasma corolliforme from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Traces were visualized via scanning electron microscopy of epoxy casts prepared with the vacuum cast-embedding technique. In 50 samples from shallow 37 m to bathyal 1680 m water depths, 16 different bioerosion traces were found, classified into microborings presumably produced by cyanobacteria (1), chlorophytes (1), fungi (9), foraminifera (1), unknown organotrophs (5), and macroborings produced by cirripeds (1). Statistical ichnodiversity analysis resulted in a significant (p = 0.001) ANOSIM with moderate differences (R = 0.5) between microbioerosion trace assemblages at different water depths and revealed two main clusters (NMDS, SIMPROF) corresponding to the photic and aphotic stations. A comparison between this study and a corresponding study from the Svalbard archipelago, Arctic Ocean, shows that the ichnodiversity in calcareous barnacle skeletons is similar in polar waters of both hemispheres. This includes several ichnotaxa that are indicative for cool- to cold-water environments, such as Flagrichnus baiulus and Saccomorpha guttulata. Nine of the investigated ichnotaxa occur in both polar regions and seven ichnotaxa show an extensive bathymetrical range down to the deep sea at bathyal 1680 m water depth.

Discussing about traditional communication, it is commonly connected to the tradition concept, which contains a meaning that the concept is a kind of the past finding, but it is commonly reputed as a normative thing by each part of the society. Based on the explanation, it can be concluded that the definition of traditional communication is commonly connected to the folk art performance as a traditional media that is owned by a certain society, as the result it can be identified and understood that a folk art performance is owned by that society and exist as a local wisdom for the society.Therefore, it can be cleared that discussing about traditional communication is cannot be separated with the traditional folk art performance as a media, a kind of art that is based on the folk story by using media that appears and develops in a certain society. The effort of source finding of this folk story is not only purposed to be performed in the form of art performance, but also it is further expected to carry out messages from the story. Therefore, in the review of traditional communication it is emphasized to the way of carrying the messages that are contained in an art performance as a media. Therefore, this review is not discussed about the art performance furtherly. It means that the performance can use a great and luxurious background, but also can be in a simple form.South Sulawesi as a former government of the Indonesian Archipelago (the government of Gowa-Tallo and other governments that had been exist in Indonesia) has various kinds of art performance of the traditional media which are still heired for generations, where the function of traditional media is not only as an entertaining public show, but also may be a guidance because of the role of art performance which is full of messages and senses.Therefore, people who will have an art performance are commonly have to prepare their physic, mental, and psychology, moreover in fact that they will face most of audiences and have an all night (Note 2) performance. So that, in the South Sulawasi, may be in other places, before playing the role as a persistent player in an art performance, the players are commonly practice hard their skill and ability. This ability is usually completed by a mysthical thinking through the magic words or Parimbolo (Bugis’ language). In order to learn the magic words, the players commonly meet the elders, but the magic words are not directly given, but rather have to pass some rituals within certain rules such as white cloth, a cock, or by preparing black sticky rice and black cock (Ajeip Padindang in Monoharto, 2003: ix-x).

<p class="JudulABSInd"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="abstrak">Pulau Pasumpahan terletak di Kecamatan Bungus Teluk Kabung, Kota Padang merupakan salah satu tempat tujuan wisata kepulauan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menginventarisasi potensi sumber daya pesisir dan mengkaji kesesuaian kawasan dalam mendukung ekowisata Pulau Pasumpahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian berupa pemetaan dan analisis kesesuaian kawasan ekowisata yang dilakukan dengan perhitungan skor dan bobot parameter yang digunakan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah indeks kesesuaian ekowisata tertinggi terdapat pada potensi wisata pantai (rekreasi) yaitu sebesar 79,91% (sangat sesuai). Dari 9 sampel pengukuran yang tersebar di sekeliling pulau, 8 di antaranya menunjukkan nilai sangat sesuai, hanya satu titik yang menunjukkan sesuai bersyarat karena banyak sampah bertebaran di pantai dan perairan keruh. Untuk kesesuaian wisata <em>snorkeling</em> sebesar 51-68,13% (cukup sesuai) dan kesesuaian wisata selam sebesar 50-68,83% (cukup sesuai). Namun satu titik di sekitar pengukuran sebelah barat laut, sangat berpotensi dikembangkan untuk wisata selam menjadi lebih baik karena kondisi <em>soft coral</em> yang sangat indah berada pada kedalaman sekitar 6 m dengan dasar <em>slope</em>, cocok digunakan sebagai objek penyelaman. Sedangkan untuk wisata <em>snorkeling</em> pada lokasi barat laut tersebut tidak cocok, namun berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di sepanjang pulau yang memiliki pantai, melihat cukup lebar dan luasnya hamparan karang. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah ekowisata bahari cukup potensi dikembangkan di Pulau Pasumpahan, di antaranya wisata pantai (rekreasi) (sebesar 79,91%/sangat sesuai), wisata selam, dan wisata <em>snorkeling</em>.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> ekowisata bahari, kesesuaian kawasan, wisata pantai, wisata selam, wisata <em>snorkeling</em>, Pulau Pasumpahan - Kota Padang</p><p class="judulABS"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="Abstrakeng">Pasumpahan Island is located in the Bungus Teluk Kabung District, Padang City is one of the archipelago tourist destinations. The objective of the research is to inventory the potential of coastal resources and assess the regional suitability in supporting ecotourism of Pasumpahan Island. The method used in the study is the mapping and analysis of the suitability of ecotourism is done by calculating a score and weighting parameters used. The results obtained are the highest suitability index contained on coastal tourism potentials (recreation) is 79.91% (very suitable). 8 samples among 9 measurement points are around the island shows very suitable value, only one point showing the suitable conditional because a lot of trash were scattered on the beach and muddy waters. To suitability snorkeling by 51-68.13% (suitable enough) and diving by 50-68.83% (suitable enough). But one point around the northwest measurement is very likely to be developed for diving to be better because the conditions were very beautiful soft corals and a basic profile at a depth of 6 m started slope, suitable for use as a dive attraction. As for the snorkeling at the northwest location is not suitable, but has the potential to be developed along the island which has a coastal, looking quite a width and breadth of the reef flat. The conclusion are enough potential for marine ecotourism developed in Pasumpahan Island, such as coastal tourism (recreational) (amounting to 79.91% / very appropriate), diving and snorkeling ecotourism.</p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>marine ecotourism regional suitability</em>, <em>beach tourism</em>, <em>snorkeling</em>, <em>diving, Pasumpahan Island</em>, <em>Padang City</em></p>

Abstract. The western tropical South Pacific (WTSP) is one of the most understudied oceanic regions in terms of the planktonic food web, despite supporting some of the largest tuna fisheries in the world. In this stratified oligotrophic ocean, nitrogen fixation may play an important role in supporting the plankton food web and higher trophic level production. In the austral summer (February–April) of 2015, the OUTPACE (Oligotrophy to UlTra-oligotrophy PACific Experiment) project conducted a comprehensive survey of 4000 km along 20∘ S, from New Caledonia to Tahiti, to determine the role of N2 fixation on biogeochemical cycles and food web structure in this region. Here, we characterize the zooplankton community and plankton food web processes at 15 short-duration stations (8 h each) to describe the large-scale variability across trophic gradients from oligotrophic waters around Melanesian archipelagoes (MAs) to ultra-oligotrophic waters of the South Pacific gyre (GY). Three long-duration stations (5 days each) enabled a more detailed analysis of processes and were positioned (1) in offshore northern waters of New Caledonia (MA), (2) near Niue Island (MA), and (3) in the subtropical Pacific gyre (GY) near the Cook Islands. At all stations, meso-zooplankton was sampled with a bongo net with 120 µm mesh size to estimate abundance, biomass, community taxonomy and size structure, and size fractionated δ15N. Subsequently, we estimated zooplankton carbon demand, grazing impact, excretion rates, and the contribution of diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN) to zooplankton biomass. The meso-zooplankton community showed a general decreasing trend in abundance and biomass from west to east, with a clear drop in the GY waters. Higher abundance and biomass corresponded to higher primary production associated with complex mesoscale circulation in the Coral Sea and between 170–180∘ W. The taxonomic structure showed a high degree of similarity in terms of species richness and abundance distribution across the whole region, with, however, a moderate difference in the GY region, where the copepod contribution to meso-zooplankton increased. The calculated ingestion and metabolic rates allowed us to estimate that the top–down (grazing) and bottom–up (excretion of nitrogen and phosphorous) impact of zooplankton on phytoplankton was potentially high. Daily grazing pressure on phytoplankton stocks was estimated to remove 19 % to 184 % of the total daily primary production and 1.5 % to 22 % of fixed N2. The top–down impact of meso-zooplankton was higher in the eastern part of the transect, including GY, than in the Coral Sea region and was mainly exerted on nano- and micro-phytoplankton. The regeneration of nutrients by zooplankton excretion was high, suggesting a strong contribution to regenerated production, particularly in terms of N. Daily NH4+ excretion accounted for 14.5 % to 165 % of phytoplankton needs for N, whereas PO43- excretion accounted for only 2.8 % to 34 % of P needs. From zooplankton δ15N values, we estimated that the DDN contributed to up to 67 % and 75 % to the zooplankton biomass in the western and central parts of the MA regions, respectively, but strongly decreased to an average of 22 % in the GY region and down to 7 % in the easternmost station. Thus, the highest contribution of diazotrophic microorganisms to zooplankton biomass occurred in the region of highest N2 fixation rates and when Trichodesmium dominated the diazotrophs community (MA waters). Our estimations of the fluxes associated with zooplankton were highly variable between stations and zones but very high in most cases compared to literature data, partially due to the high contribution of small forms. The highest values encountered were found at the boundary between the oligotrophic (MA) and ultra-oligotrophic regions (GY). Within the MA zone, the high variability of the top–down and bottom–up impact was related to the high mesoscale activity in the physical environment. Estimated zooplankton respiration rates relative to primary production were among the highest cited values at similar latitudes, inducing a high contribution of migrant zooplankton respiration to carbon flux. Despite the relatively low biomass values of planktonic components in quasi-steady state, the availability of micro- and macronutrients related to physical mesoscale patterns in the waters surrounding the MA, the fueling by DDN, and the relatively high rates of plankton production and metabolism estimated during OUTPACE may explain the productive food chain ending with valuable fisheries in this region.

Climate change induced sea-level rise (SLR) is on its increase globally. Regionally the lowlands of China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and islands of the Malaysian, Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos are among the world’s most threatened regions. Sea-level rise has major impacts on the ecosystems and society. It threatens coastal populations, economic activities, and fragile ecosystems as mangroves, coastal salt-marches and wetlands. This paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of sea level-rise and its effects on both human and natural ecosystems. The focus is on coastal urban areas and low lying deltas in South-East Asia and Vietnam, as one of the most threatened areas in the world. About 3 mm per year reflects the growing consensus on the average SLR worldwide. The trend speeds up during recent decades. The figures are subject to local, temporal and methodological variation. In Vietnam the average values of 3.3 mm per year during the 1993-2014 period are above the worldwide average. Although a basic conceptual understanding exists that the increasing global frequency of the strongest tropical cyclones is related with the increasing temperature and SLR, this relationship is insufficiently understood. Moreover the precise, complex environmental, economic, social, and health impacts are currently unclear. SLR, storms and changing precipitation patterns increase flood risks, in particular in urban areas. Part of the current scientific debate is on how urban agglomeration can be made more resilient to flood risks. Where originally mainly technical interventions dominated this discussion, it becomes increasingly clear that proactive special planning, flood defense, flood risk mitigation, flood preparation, and flood recovery are important, but costly instruments. 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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Puccinia miscanthi. Pucciniomycetes: Pucciniales. Hosts: Miscanthus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Russia, Far East), Asia (China, Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Hong Kong, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Xizhang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan), Africa (Nigeria), Oceania (American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pratylenchus loosi Loof. Nematode. Major host: tea (Camellia sinensis). Polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Bulgaria), Asia (Bangladesh, China, Sichuan, India, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Rajasthan, Sikkim, West Bengal, Iran, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Republic, Sri Lanka, Taiwan), Africa (Senegal), North America (USA, Florida), Central America and Caribbean (Guadeloupe), South America (Chile), Oceania (American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Cook Islands).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Puccinia kuehnii (W. Krüger) E. J. Butler, Basidiomycota: Pucciniales. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Guangxi, Hong Kong, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Kerala, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Kalimantan, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Honshu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), North America (USA, Florida), Central America & Caribbean (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama), Oceania (American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Curculionidae Hosts: Mainly sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Chagos Archipelago, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Christmas Island, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sumatra, Japan, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AFRICA, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, Rodrigues Island, Seychelles, South Africa, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Guyana, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd. Fungi: Basidiomycota: Uredinales Hosts: Soyabean (Glycine max) and other Fabaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Russian Far East ASIA, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, North Korea, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AFRICA, Congo Democratic Republic, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Hawaii, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Vanuatu.

Abstract A distribution map is provided for Tetranychus ludeni. Acari: Tetranychidae. Hosts: cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae) and beans (Phaseolus spp.). Information is given on geographical distribution in Europe (Mainland France; Greece; Madeira, Portugal; and Canary Islands and Mainland Spain), Asia (Jiangsu, China; Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, India; Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan; Kazakhstan; and Thailand), Africa (Algeria, Benin, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, and California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Louisiana and Missouri, USA), Central America and Carribean (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua), South America (Argentina; Minas Gerais, Parana, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Venezuela) and Oceania (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia and Victoria, Australia; Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; New Caledonia; and New Zealand).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Puccinia kuehnii (Kruger) E. J. Butler. Pucciniomycetes: Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae. Host: sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Guangxi, Hong Kong, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Kerala, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Kalimantan, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Honshu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam), Africa (Cameroon and Cote d'Ivoire), North America (Mexico, USA, Florida and Louisiana), Central America and Caribbean (Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua and Panama), South America (Brazil, Espiritu Santo, Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Sao Paulo, Colombia and Ecuador) and Oceania (American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Frenh Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Liriomyza sativae Blanchard. Diptera: Agromyzidae. Hosts: Attacks a wide range of plants (primarily although not exclusively Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Asteraceae). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Finland, UK), Asia (China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, India, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Java, Iran, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Jordan, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Oman, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen), Africa (Cameroon, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada, Ontario, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas), Central America and Caribbean (Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Ceara, Parana, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Chile, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru, Venezuela), and Oceania (American Samoa, Cook Islands, Federal States of Micronesia, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pratylenchus coffeae (Zimmermann) Filipjev & Scn. Stekh. Nematoda: Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae Hosts: Banana (Musa) and other tropical and subtropical crops. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Bulgaria, Italy, Spain, Canary Islands, ASIA, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Republic of Georgia, India, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Manipur, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Iran, Japan, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, North Korea, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AFRICA, Cameroon, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Arkansas, California, Florida, Hawaii, South Carolina, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Diptera: Tephritidae. Hosts: polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Italy), Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Macao, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Christmas Island, East Timor, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Mizoram, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam), Africa (Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (USA, Hawaii), Oceania (Australia, Queensland, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Guam, Nauru, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stek. Nematoda: Pratylenchidae Hosts: Polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Central Russia Russian Far East, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Yugoslavia (Fed. Rep.), ASIA, Azerbaijan, China, Fujian, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, India, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Republic, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Taiwan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, AFRICA, Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Costa Rica, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Parana, Sao Paulo, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia, Cook Islands, New Zealand.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd. Fungi: Basidiomycota: Uredinales. Hosts: soyabean (Glycine max) and other Fabaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Russia (Russian Far East)), Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Arunchal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal), Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku), Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), Africa (Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia)), Central America and Caribbean (United States Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo), Paraguay, Uruguay), Oceania (Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia), Cook Islands, Federal States of Micronesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Vanuatu).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Glomerella tucumanensis (Speg.) Arx & E. Müll. Fungi: Ascomycotina: Glomerellaceae Hosts: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and other Saccharum spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Portugal, Madeira, ASIA, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African, Republic Chad, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.