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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Convulsions'
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1
Re, Renée. "Génétique des convulsions fébriles : recensement des pédigrees et collecte des prélèvements." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11046.
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Cordesse, Sophie. "Eléments de pronostic des méningites purulentes du nourrisson et de l'enfant : la signification des phénomènes convulsifs." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11167.
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Doriat, Jean-François. "Adaptation fonctionnelle cérébrale et plasticité des récepteurs à la suite de convulsions expérimentales chez le rat au cours du développement." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10353.
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Joshi, Kaushal V. "Novel Neuroprotectants for Sarin plus CBDP induced convulsions." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1253321185.
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El-Hamdi, Gheziel. "Effets de convulsions induites par le pentylenetetrazole sur l'utilisation cérébrale locale de glucose et les concentrations cérébrales régionales de noradrénaline et dopamine chez le rat au cours du développement postnatal." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN12083.
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Riegle, Melissa A. "The importance of brain glycogen during acute seizure activity in mice." Muncie, IN : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/670.
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Laurent, Corinne. "Virus herpès de type 6 et convulsions fébriles de l'enfant." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P066.
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Nabbout, Rima. "Etude phénotypique et génotypique des convulsions fébriles et des épilepsies apparentées." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066108.
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Farrow, Tom F. D. "Hippocampus, cognitive function and epilepsy." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322874.
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Hasni, Hedi. "Recherche sur les mécanismes biochimiques de l'action convulsivante de l'acide folique." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P613.
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Roessgen, Mark Andrew. "Analysis and modelling of EEG data with application to seizure detection in the newborn." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/105543/1/T%28BE%26E%29%201033%20Analysis%20and%20modelling%20of%20EEG%20data%20with%20application%20to%20seizure%20detection%20in%20the%20newborn.pdf.
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The exact relationship between the electroencephalogram (EEG) measured at the scalp, and the internal dynamical organisation of the brain that generated it, is still very much an open question. This has led to difficulties
in EEG analysis and interpretation, which in turn has relegated the EEG largely to the role of a corroborative, rather than stand alone diagnostic tool. This thesis investigates the use of signal processing techniques for more accurate quantification of the EEG. It is anticipated that through improved quantification, a better diagnostic value for the EEG will result.
12
Trueman, Mark. "The effects of febrile convulsions upon the behaviour of four-year-old children." Thesis, Keele University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305936.
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Arriba, Arnau Aida de. "Hacia la optimización de la terapia electroconvulsiva desde la innovación en el procedimiento de cada sesión." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672745.
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La terapia electroconvulsiva (TEC) es un tratamiento médico esencial en la terapéutica psiquiátrica que requiere de múltiples sesiones para alcanzar la mejoría clínica. Los factores de cada sesión impactan en la convulsión obtenida y condicionan los resultados del tratamiento.
El objetivo de la tesis es investigar el impacto de aspectos de la técnica del procedimiento de la TEC con potencial para optimizar el tratamiento, analizando la ventilación y la amplitud de pulso del estímulo eléctrico, así como buscar predictores de la calidad de la convulsión que puedan ser modificables en la aplicación de las sesiones.
Se revisó sistemáticamente la evidencia de la hiperventilación como estrategia proconvulsiva en el ámbito de la TEC, se diseñó un protocolo de hiperventilación aplicable en la práctica clínica diaria y se realizó una modificación del mismo para su uso durante la pandemia Covid-19. Los resultados obtenidos con la aplicación dicho protocolo indican que produce una disminución de los valores de dióxido de carbono del sujeto, siendo la fase de hiperventilación voluntaria realizada por el propio sujeto la más relevante en cuanto a la producción de hipocapnia. Asimismo, los resultados muestran que la hiperventilación alarga la duración de la crisis y se asocia a una mejor calidad de la convulsión. En este sentido, los resultados sugieren que la hiperventilación puede potenciar la TEC y se podría utilizar en la práctica diaria con monitorización no invasiva de dióxido de carbono, ya sea sola o en combinación con otras estrategias de optimización.
Por otra parte, la disminución de la amplitud de pulso del estímulo eléctrico aplicado a 0,5 ms en pacientes con depresión unipolar tratados con TEC bifrontotemporal mostró unos resultados de efectividad equivalente comparado con el tratamiento con pulso de 1 ms, a nivel de tasas de respuesta, tasas de remisión y número de sesiones necesarias para la mejoría clínica. Además, algunos hallazgos en cuanto a resultados del umbral convulsivo y cribaje de efectos cognitivos en el grupo de 0,5 ms sugerían potenciales ventajas de esta forma de tratamiento a corroborar en futuros estudios.
Por último, al analizar las variables clínicas del paciente y del procedimiento de aplicación técnica de las sesiones de TEC que predecían una mejor calidad de la convulsión, entre los predictores significativos se encuentran algunos factores fácilmente modificables durante la aplicación de las sesiones de TEC. Por lo tanto, estos hallazgos podrían considerarse en la práctica clínica al decidir los parámetros del procedimiento, con el fin potencial de mejorar los resultados del
tratamiento, y también en el ámbito investigador, para proseguir con futuros estudios en cuanto a estrategias de optimización de la TEC.
En conclusión, la presente tesis presenta hallazgos clínicos en relación con el abordaje de la técnica de aplicación de la TEC, aportando información sobre factores modificables del procedimiento que pueden mejorar los resultados de cada sesión y administrar el tratamiento de forma optimizada.Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an essential medical treatment in psychiatry. Each session’s factors impact on the seizure obtained and condition the treatment’s results. The objective of the thesis is to investigate the impact of aspects of the technique of the ECT procedure with potential to optimize the treatment, as well as looking for predictors of the quality of the seizure that may be modifiable in the application of the sessions. We systematically reviewed the evidence of hyperventilation as a proconvulsive strategy in the field of ECT, designed a hyperventilation protocol applicable in daily clinical practice, and made a modification of it for its use during the Covid- 19 pandemic. The application of this protocol show that it produces a decrease in the carbon dioxide values, being the voluntary hyperventilation phase performed by the subject himself the most relevant in terms of the production of hypocapnia. Hyperventilation also lengthens the duration of the crisis and is associated with seizure quality. The results suggest that hyperventilation can enhance ECT and could be used in daily practice with non-invasive carbon dioxide monitoring, either alone or in combination with other optimization strategies. Additionally, the decrease in the pulse width of the applied electrical stimulus to 0.5 ms in patients with unipolar depression treated with bifrontotemporal ECT showed similar efficacy compared to treatment with a pulse of 1 ms, at the level of response rates, remission rates, and number of treatment sessions needed. In addition, some findings regarding seizure threshold and screening of cognitive effects in the 0.5 ms group suggested potential advantages of this form of treatment to be corroborated in future studies. Finally, when analyzing the variables of the patient and the procedure of technical application of the ECT sessions that predicted a better seizure quality, among the significant predictors are some easily modifiable factors during the ECT sessions. Therefore, these findings could be considered when deciding the parameters of the procedure, with the potential to improve the results of each session and treatment outcomes, and also to continue the research with future studies in terms of ECT optimization strategies.
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Chenel, Marylore. "Modélisations des relations pharmacocinétiques-pharmacodynamiques de l'effet convulsivant de la norfloxacine et étude de sa distribution centrale." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P642.
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L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier les facteurs pharmacocinétiques (PK) et pharmacodynamique (PD) déterminant l'activité convulsivante de la norfloxacine (NOR) chez le rat. . Un modèle PK/PD a été développé en utilisant comme marqueur la puissance totale de l'électroencéphalogramme (EEG). Un décalage temporel important a été observé entre la PK plasmatique et la cinétique d'effet. Une 2ème étude utilisant la microdialyse (MD) intracérébrale conjointement à l'enregistrement EEG a révélé que les convulsions induites par la NOR ne sont pas déclenchées par une augmentation des concentrations en glutamate. Une 3ème étude de MD menée à doses croissantes a montré que bien que la PK plasmatique de la NOR soit non linéaire, sa distribution centrale limitée est indépendante de la dose. Une 4ème étude a montré que bien que la distribution centrale de la NOR soit limitée, le pic de concentration cérébrale était précoce et ne permettait pas d'expliquer le retard de l'effet EEG. Enfin, une étude a été menée afin d'établir un modèle physiologique PK de la NOR, capable de décrire les PK plasmatiques et tissulaires à différentes doses chez le rat. En conclusion, ce travail utilisant un modèle expérimental innovant a permis de caractériser les relations PK/PD complexes à l'origine de l'activité convulsivante de la NOR chez le ratThe aim of this work was to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) factors responsible for norfloxacin (NOR) convulsant activity in rats. A PK/PD model was developed using total power of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal as convulsant PD surrogate. An important time-delay was observed between NOR PK in plasma and the kinetics of effect. Then EEG recording with PK/PD analysis conducted simultaneously with intracerebral microdialysis (IC MD) showed that NOR-induced seizures are not triggered by enhanced levels of IC glutamate. A 3rd study used MD to test the linearity of NOR CNS distribution, and showed that although plasma PK was non linear (25-150 mg/kg), its limited IC distribution was linear. A 4th study using simultaneously IC MD and EEG recording with PK/PD modeling, was conducted to investigate the contribution of NOR blood-brain barrier transport to its delayed EEG effect. Although NOR IC distribution was limited, brain extracellular fluid concentrations peaked very early which could not explain the delayed EEG effect. In a last study, a physiologically-based PK model is being developed in order to explain NOR non-linear plasma PK. In conclusion an innovative experimental approach using IC MD and PK/PD modeling has proved usefulness to better characterise the convulsant activity of NOR in rats
15
GRANDSIRE, DIDIER. "Les myoclonies neonatales benignes du sommeil : un diagnostic differentiel des convulsions du nouveau-ne." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIEM082.
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HENIQUE, THIERRY. "Convulsions hypocalcemiques magnesiodependantes transitoires chez le nourrisson : a propos de 4 observations ; revue de la litterature." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M332.
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Wan, Ho-fung Jonathan, and 尹可豐. "The theory and practice of the gold standard: an application to the convulsions in the ERM." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195442X.
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Clerk-Lamalice, Olivier. "Évaluation longitudinale des changements morphologiques et métaboliques survenant chez un modèle raton de convulsions fébriles atypiques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4058.
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Les convulsions fébriles (CF) surviennent chez 2 à 5 % des jeunes enfants. La grande majorité de ces épisodes sont complètement bénins et aucune conséquence ne découle de ces convulsions. Une récente étude a par contre démontré qu'au sein d'une population pédiatrique atteinte d'épilepsie du lobe temporal (ELT), plusieurs enfants ont développé des CF avant l'apparition de ce trouble neurologique. De plus, cette étude a démontré une prévalence élevée de double pathologie chez ces enfants (sclérose de l'hippocampe et malformation corticale), suggérant un lien de causalité entre les CF, la malformation corticale et le développement de l'ELT. En se basant sur ces observations cliniques, la présente étude a pour but d'étudier les changements morphologiques et métaboliques cérébraux survenant suite aux convulsions hyperthermiques chez un modèle raton atteint de dysplasie corticale focale. Pour ce faire, une analyse du changement d'intensité de signal IRM en pondération-T[indice inférieur 2] et de multiples images TEP obtenues à l'aide de différents radiotraceurs([[indice supérieur 18]F]-FDG, [[indice supérieur 13]N]-NH[indice inférieur 3], [[indice supérieur 11]C]-acétoacétate) a été effectuée. De plus, un suivi longitudinal du développement volumétrique de l'hippocampe et des ventricules latéraux a été effectué. Les résultats de cette étude présentent une atteinte plus prononcée de l'hippocampe suite aux convulsions hyperthermiques chez le cerveau avec dysplasie corticale. En effet, 5 h après l'induction des convulsions hyperthermiques, un hyposignal IRM T[indice inférieur 2] est présent dans l'hippocampe de ce groupe comparativement au groupe contrôle atteint de dysplasie corticale seule. Les images TEP acquises pendant des convulsions hyperthermiques prolongées révèlent une inhomogénéité importante de captation du [[indice supérieur 18]F]-FDG au sein des structures cérébrales. L'hippocampe est d'ailleurs la structure avec la plus faible captation de [[indice supérieur 18]F]-FDG. À P38, une atrophie de l'hippocampe dorsal et une dilatation des ventricules latéraux sont mesurées au sein du groupe d'intérêt. Nos observations nous amènent à poser l'hypothèse que les perturbations remarquées chez le rat adulte sont causées par une vascularisation immature et inhomogène de l'hippocampe à P10 causant une atteinte hypoxique durant l'épisode de convulsion fébrile atypique. Ces résultats suggèrent donc que l'hypoxie durant un épisode de convulsions fébrile atypique mérite d'être davantage investiguée afin de développer de nouvelles avenues thérapeutiques pouvant diminuer l'impact des convulsions fébriles atypiques sur le développement cérébral.
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Wan, Ho-fung Jonathan. "The theory and practice of the gold standard : an application to the convulsions in the ERM /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13705519.
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Moscovici, Ionela-Felicia. "La France et le Banat entre 1916-1919, les convulsions de la guerre et de la paix." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG031/document.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse à la configuration des rapports qui existent entre la France, la Roumanie et la Serbie, réunies autour du Banat pendant la Grande Guerre. La perspective épistémologique est orientée par l’histoire de la Première guerre mondiale sous tous ses aspects: diplomatiques, militaires, culturels, discursifs, de la mémoire etc. Notre cadre d’analyse vise d’abord l’histoire régionale de la Grande Guerre parce que le territoire du Banat se relève à la fois comme une donnée des pourparlers diplomatiques et comme une réalité à l’issue de la guerre, comme un objet à réclamer par les Roumains et par les Serbes au nom du droit de propriété et comme un sujet à débattre en présence de l’aréopage de la paix. Tous ces traits sont étudiés en fonction de rapports diplomatiques, politico-militaires et de propagande de la Roumanie et de la Serbie (du Royaume des Serbes, Croates et Slovènes) avec la France, Paris étant la capitale du « Grand Allié » et le lieu vers lequel se livrent les attentes et les espérances de la réalisation de leur union nationaleThe aim of this thesis is to configure the relationships that have been established between France, Romania and Serbia on Banat during the First World War. Epistemological perspective is guided by the history of world conflict in all its aspects: diplomatic, military, cultural, discursive, memoirs, etc. Our analysis framework first aims the history of the great war, since the territory of Banat appears at the same time as a source of diplomatic negotiations and as a reality at the end of the conflict, as a territory claimed by the Romanians and Serbs on behalf of the right of ownership and as a topic of discussion within the peace forum. All these characteristics are studied regarding the diplomatic, political and military relations of Romania and Serbia (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) with France, Paris being the capital of the "Great Ally” and the place that awaits the expectations and hopes of achieving their national union
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Vranyac-Tramoundanas, Alexandra, and n/a. "Domoic acid-induced cardiac damage : an in vitro and in vivo investigation." University of Otago. Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071012.143651.
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Cardiovascular pathology is seen in both animals and humans after domoic acid intoxication. Whether this damage is direct (i.e., cardiotoxic) or indirect (i.e., CNS/autonomic seizures) is not known. We have previously shown that acute in vitro domoic acid (0.05-0.25[mu]M; 10 min) treatment of isolated cardiac mitochondria compromises mitochondrial FADH and NAD⁺-linked respiratory control and mitochondrial energetics. Domoic acid was shown to traverse and bind the cellular membrane of H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. However it did not compromise cellular viability as assessed using cell quantification or lactate dehydrogenase leakage assays. Exposure of intact H9c2 cells to domoic acid only resulted in complex II-III activity impairment and assessment of reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) production in both isolated cardiac mitochondria and H9c2 cardiomyocytes failed to show any significant differences following exposure to domoic acid. Acute ex vivo domoic acid treatment of an isolated myocardium in Langendorff perfusion mode failed to result in cardiac haemodynamic dysfunction, however there appeared to be small but significant decrease in mitochondrial oxygen utilization. The absence of any substantial damage to intact cardiomyocytes and isolated myocardium suggested that domoic acid does not have a direct toxicological effect on cardiac energetics. We therefore investigated the possibility that cardiovascular pathology is an indirect consequence of autonomic seizure activity. Domoic acid was administered intraperitoneally or intrahippocampally and the development of cardiac pathologies was assessed and compared. Sprague-Dawley rats receiving either i.p. or i.h. domoic acid were assessed behaviourally and shown to reach similar levels in their cumulative seizure scores.
Assessment of the cardiac haemodynamics (LVDP, dP/dt, heart rate and coronary flow) revealed a significant time-dependent decrease in function at 1, 3, 7 & 14-days post-i.p. and 7 & 14-days post-i.h. domoic acid administration. Measurement of ventricular mitochondrial oxygen utilization revealed a similar time-dependent decrease in respiratory control, which appeared to be associated with increased proton leakage, shown by an increase in state-4 respiration rate (P<0.01). Assessment of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (complexes I-V) and the mitochondrial marker of integrity, citrate synthase, showed marked time-dependent impairment in both models of domoic acid -induced seizures. Oxidative stress did play a small role in the myocardial damage as indicated by the small decrease in aconitase activity (P<0.05). Plasma IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly increased from 3-days post seizures. Haematoxylin & Eosin staining of ventricular sections revealed the formation of contraction bands, inflammation and oedema, confirming a structural pathology. Cardiac damage did not differ between i.p. and i.h. animals, suggesting cardiac damage following domoic acid results from CNS autonomic seizures and resultant sympathetic storm.
This thesis has demonstrated, for the first time, that the cardiac pathology seen following domoic acid exposure is most likely to be a result of CNS activation and resultant seizure episodes, and is not a consequence of the direct interaction between domoic acid and the myocardium. We have also demonstrated for the first time, that seizure episodes result in chronic cardiac dysfunction and a structural pathology which is similar, but not identical to that seen following isoprotenerol administration in vivo.
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Meillour, Armelle. "Devenir des nouveaux-nés à terme ayant présenté des convulsions néonatales post-anoxiques : étude dans le service de pédiatrie du centre hospitalier de la cote basque sur 12 ans." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1944BOR2M051.
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Belhouchat, Khadoudja. "Recherche du role favorisant de certains medicaments dans les convulsions hyperthermiques du jeune enfant : a propos d'une enquete prospective de pharmacovigilance en milieu hospitalier." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20038.
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Guipponi, Michel. "Cartographie génétique de facteurs de susceptibilité à deux syndromes épileptiques idiopathiques : les convulsions infantiles familiales bénignes et l'épilepsie myoclonique juvénile." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T009.
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Curcoy, Barcenilla Ana Isabel. "Prevalencia de hemorragias retinianas en convulsiones, episodios aparentemente letales y tos pertusoide.Su importancia en el diagnóstico diferencial del maltrato infantil." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2493.
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Las hemorragias retinianas en los lactantes han sido durante mucho tiempo uno de los signos de maltrato, en concreto, del síndrome del niño zarandeado, considerado prácticamente patognomónico de esta enfermedad. Sin embargo, en los últimos años existe una fuerte controversia acerca de otras posibles causas. Teóricamente las convulsiones, apneas, accesos de tos o cualquier otro desencadenante de una maniobra de Valsalva tienen como consecuencia un aumento de la presión venosa central, que se acompaña de un aumento repentino de la presión venosa de la retina y podrían producir hemorragias retinianas.HIPÓTESIS DE TRABAJO: Ni las convulsiones, ni las crisis de tos, ni los episodios aparentemente letales ocasionan hemorragias retinianas. Por tanto, su hallazgo debe relacionarse con maltrato, y obliga a proseguir el estudio para realizar el diagnóstico diferencial.
OBJETIVOS: Conocer la prevalencia y las circunstancias que rodean al episodio de hemorragias retinianas en niños ingresados por convulsiones, episodio aparentemente letal y tos ferina.
Valorar si la presencia de hemorragias retinianas puede considerarse un marcador clínico de maltrato físico en niños menores de dos años que consultan por convulsión, episodio aparentemente letal o crisis de tos pertusoide.
Determinar si es necesario realizar un fondo de ojo para descartar maltrato en menores de dos años que consultan por convulsión, episodio aparentemente letal o crisis de tos pertusoide.
PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio de transversal exploratiorio para valorar la presencia de hemorragias retinianas en niños menores de 2 años, previamente sanos, ingresados por primera convulsión, episodio aparentemente letal o accesos de tos pertusoide. Posteriormente se compara su prevalencia con la de un grupo histórico de niños maltratados.
RESULTADOS: Se diagnosticaron dos casos de hemorragias retinianas en niños que habían consultado por convulsión, ambos correspondieron a niños víctimas de maltrato. En ningún otro de los 352 niños restantes se objetivaron hemorragias retinianas en el fondo de ojo.
CONCLUSIONES: En la muestra de 352 niños ingresados por convulsiones, episodios aparentemente letales y accesos de tos pertusoide no se encontraron hemorragias retinianas causadas por estos motivos de consulta. La aplicación del .protocolo de maltrato llevó al diagnóstico final del Síndrome del Niño Zarandeado en 2 casos que presentaban hemorragia retiniana.
La presencia de hemorragias retinianas en un niño menor de dos años que ha presentado una convulsión, un episodio aparentemente letal o accesos de tos pertusoide obliga a la investigación para descartar maltrato físico ya que estos motivos de consulta no pueden catalogarse a priori como causa de las hemorragias retinianas.
Las convulsiones sin causa clara y los episodios aparentemente letales idiopáticos deben ser susceptibles de realización de fondo de ojo para descartar hemorragias retinianas. Su hallazgo, debe desencadenar otros estudios con el fin de descartar maltrato infantil. En nuestro estudio no hemos encontrado ningún niño con tos pertusoide y hemorragia retiniana por lo que no consideramos necesaria la realización de un fondo de ojo en estos niños.
DOCTORAL THESIS TITLE:
"Prevalence of retinal haemorrhages in convulsions, apparent life-threatening events and whooping cough. Their importance in the differential diagnosis of child maltreatment"
AUTHOR:
Ana Isabel Curcoy Barcenilla
SUMMARY:
INTRODUCTION: Retinal haemorrhages (RH) are among the most common findings of shaken baby syndrome but may be associated with accidental head trauma as well as a variety of systemic illnesses. Theoretically, convulsions, apparent life-threatening events and whooping cough may cause retinal haemorrhages due to sudden rise in retinal venous pressure, following an increase in central venous pressure secondary to a rise intrathoracic pressure.
OBJECTIVES:
In children under two:
a. To determine the prevalence of retinal haemorrhages in infants admitted to hospital with convulsions, apparent life-threatening events and whooping cough.
b. To assess whether the presence of retinal haemorrhages can be considered a clinical marker of physical abuse in children with convulsions, apparent life-threatening events and whooping cough.
c. To ascertain whether infants admitted to hospital with convulsions, apparent life-threatening events and whooping cough have to be subjected to a funduscopic examination in order to rule out maltreatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transversal study to assess the presence of retinal haemorrhages in children under 2 years previously healthy infants admitted with first convulsions, apparent life-threatening events and whooping cough. Then compare their prevalence with a historical group of abused children.
RESULTS: We diagnosed two cases of retinal haemorrhages in children who had admitted for convulsion, both children were diagnosed as being abused. No retinal haemorrhages were found in any other 352 children studied.
CONCLUSIONS:
a. In the 352 children admitted with convulsions, apparent life-threatening events and whooping cough were not retinal haemorrhages caused by these complaints. The application of Maltreatment protocol led to the final diagnosis of shaken baby syndrome in 2 cases with retinal haemorrhage.
b. The presence of retinal haemorrhages in a child under two years who has presented convulsions, apparent life-threatening events and whooping cough an in-depth investigation was carried out in order to rule out maltreatment, because these pathologies can not be categorized a priori as a cause of retinal haemorrhages.
c. An apparently unprovoked seizure and idiopathic apparent life-threatening events need to undertake a funduscopic examination to rule out retinal haemorrhages. The finding of retinal haemorrhages should trigger further studies in order to rule out child abuse. In our study we did not find any child with cough and retinal haemorrhages, therefore not considered necessary to realize a funduscopic examination on these children.
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Marchand, Sandrine. "Diffusion centrale et activité convulsivante des fluoroquinolones." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT1801.
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Mylchreest, Eve. "Développement d'un modèle de convulsions et caractérisation de l'inhibition de l'uroporphyrinogène décarboxylase dans la porphyrie chez le rat traité à l'hexachlorobenzène." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21494.pdf.
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Cronje, Gretha. "Coping styles and quality of life in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) : a South African perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79927.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary aim of this study was to explore a possible association between the coping styles and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) in the South African context. Twenty-two PNES patients (aged 14 years or older) with confirmed video EEG were recruited from Constantiaberg Medi-Clinic and Tygerberg Hospital. These participants were matched by age and gender with a healthy control group. Participants had to complete a demographic questionnaire as well as self-reported measures of HRQOL (SF-36v2 health survey) and coping strategies (the Ways of Coping (WOC) and the Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI)). Analyses of variances were performed to explore the differences between the PNES group and the healthy control group on the various measurement instruments. The association between specific coping strategies and HRQOL was investigated by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Multiple regressions were conducted to determine the extent to which HRQOL could be accounted for by each of the coping instruments. The results indicated that the HRQOL of the PNES group were significantly lower than the HRQOL of the healthy control group. The PNES participants utilised significantly more emotion-focused coping strategies, such as escape-avoidance and distancing coping strategies, in comparison to the healthy control group. The WOC and the CSI accounted respectively for 56% and 42% of the variance in the HRQOL of the sample. The results also indicated that the escape-avoidance coping strategies utilised by PNES participants had a significant negative effect on their HRQOL. The findings of this study provided greater insight into the coping strategies utilised by PNES participants, which have been identified as a risk factor in PNES. It also highlights that the type of coping strategies utilised by the PNES participants in our sample had a significant negative influence on their level of HRQOL. This is the first study of this nature on people with PNES in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of daar 'n verband tussen spesifieke hanteringstyle en die gesondheidssverwante kwaliteit van lewe van pasiënte met psigogeniese nie-epileptiese aanvalle (PNEA) in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is. Twee-en-twintig PNEA-pasiënte (14 jaar of ouer) met 'n bevestigde video-EEG-diagnose was gewerf uit die Constantiaberg Medi-Kliniek en die Tygerberg Hospitaal. Hulle is ten opsigte van ouderdom en geslag gepaar met 'n gesonde kontrolegroep. Deelnemers moes 'n demografiese vraelys voltooi asook vraelyste wat die gesondheidssverwante lewenskwaliteit (die SF-36v2 gesondheidsvraelys) en hanteringstyle (die hanteringsmeganisme-vraelys (WOC) en die hanteringstrategie-aanduider (CSI)) meet. Analises van variansies is uitgevoer om die moontlike verskille tussen die PNEA-groep en die gesonde kontrolegroep op die verskeie metingsinstrumente te ondersoek. Die verwantskap tussen spesifieke hanteringsmeganismes en gesondheidssverwante lewenskwaliteit is ondersoek deur Pearson se korrelasie-koëffisiënt te bereken. Verskeie regressiewe analises is uitgevoer om te bepaal tot watter mate hanteringsmeganismes gesondheidssverwante lewenskwaliteit kan beïnvloed. Die resultate het aangedui dat die gesondheidssverwante lewenskwaliteit van die PNEA-groep beduidend laer was as dié van die gesonde kontrole groep. Die PNEA-deelnemers het beduidend meer gebruik gemaak van emosie-gefokusde hanteringsmeganismes, soos die ontvlugting-vermyding en distansiëring hanteringsmeganismes, as die gesonde kontrolegroep. Die WOC en die CSI het bygedra tot onderskeidelik 56% en 42% van die variansie in die totale gesondheidssverwante lewenskwaliteit-telling van die steekproef. Die resultate het ook aangedui dat die ontvlugting-vermyding hanteringsmeganisme wat deur PNEA-deelnemers gebruik word 'n beduidende negatiewe invloed op hul lewenskwaliteit gehad het. Die bevindings van die studie bied meer insig oor die hanteringsmeganismes wat die PNEA-deelnemers gebruik het, wat al voorheen as 'n risikofaktor vir die ontwikkeling van PNEA geïdentifiseer is. Dit lig ook uit dat die tipe hanteringsmeganismes wat die PNEA-deelnemers gebruik het, hul gesondheidssverwante lewenskwaliteit negatief beïnvloed het. Dit is die eerste studie van dié aard van persone met PNES in Suid Afrika.
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Delon, Annie. "Contributions pharmacocinetiques-pharmacodynamiques à l'activite convulsisante des fluoroquinolones." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT1802.
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Limosin, Anne. "Altérations physiopathologiques et activité convulsivante de l'imipénème évaluée par modélisation pharmacocinétique-pharmacodynamique chez le rat." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT1801.
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Guater, Elaine Cristina. "Estudo dos traços histéricos de personalidade em pacientes portadores de crises não-epiléticas psicogênicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-05052010-124002/.
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A crise não-epilética psicogênica é definida como uma manifestação corporal semelhante àquela das crises epiléticas, porém sem um correlato neurológico que justifique a sua ocorrência. Sua etiologia é atribuída a fatores psicológicos, entretanto as questões subjetivas que estão na origem dos sintomas são pouco estudadas. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar os traços histéricos da personalidade em dois pacientes encaminhados para psicoterapia de orientação psicanalítica após receberem esse diagnóstico médico, além de analisar os conteúdos afetivos latentes que se relacionam às manifestações sintomáticas nos casos estudados. O material coletado durante o atendimento prestado a esses pacientes se constituiu como registro e fonte de informação, por meio do qual os elementos relativos à personalidade histérica e mecanismos inconscientes que engendram os sintomas são descritos e estudados. Este trabalho tem por referencial a psicanálise e o estudo dos casos foi realizado considerando seus pressupostos conceituais sobre sintoma, conflito, conversão e histeria. O material obtido durante o curso das sessões evidenciou elementos como erotização do espaço analítico, constante reivindicação para ocupar o lugar de objeto de desejo alheio, além da recusa em abandonar a posição de insatisfação e buscar um estado de contentamento. Também foi observado um investimento em fantasias infantis, nas quais há o desejo inconsciente de união exclusiva com as figuras parentais.A psychogenic nonepileptic seizure is defined as a physical manifestation similar to that of epileptic seizures, but lacking a neurological correlation to justify its occurrence. Its etiology is attributed to psychological factors although subjective questions concerning the origin of symptoms are barely studied. This research aims to investigate hysterical personality traits in two patients forwarded for psychoanalytic psychotherapy after receiving this medical diagnosis, as well as analyze latent affective contents associated with the symptomatic manifestations in these case studies. The material collected during the patient consultation served as a file and source of information through which elements relative to hysterical personality and unconscious mechanisms linked to the symptoms are described and studied. This work has psychoanalysis as a reference and the case studies were carried out considering its conceptual assumptions of symptoms, conflict, conversion and hysteria. The material obtained during the sessions evidenced elements, such as erotization of the analytic space, continuous demands to occupy the place of an object of beauty, as well as refusal to abandon discontentment and search for a contented state. Investment in infantile fantasies with an unconscious desire of exclusive union with parental figures was also observed.
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Jorge, Vanessa Barroso. "Clínica de animais de companhia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21316.
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O presente relatório de estágio descreve as atividades desenvolvidas durante o estágio
curricular no Hospital Clínico de Múrcia, no período de 5 de Outubro a 5 de Dezembro de 2015
e das atividades desenvolvidas no estágio do Hospital Veterinário do Restelo, no período de 4
de Janeiro a 30 de Abril de 2016.
As convulsões são resultantes de alterações na despolarização dos neurónios no Sistema
Nervoso Central. Podem ser classificadas de acordo com os sinais clínicos, a etiologia e a
frequência. Diversas causas são responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de convulsões, embora a
epilepsia idiopática seja a mais comum. O diagnóstico passa em primeiro lugar pela
confirmação de que o evento relatado se trata de uma convulsão e em seguida é necessário
realizar exames complementares para identificar causas subjacentes das mesmas. O controlo
das convulsões passa pela administração de fármacos anticonvulsivos, normalmente por toda
a vida do animal; Abstract:
Small Animal Practice
This traineeship report describes the activities carried out during the traineeship at the Hospital
Clínico de Murcia from the 5th October to 5th December 2015 and the activities carried out at
the Veterinary Hospital of Restelo from the 4th January to April 30th 2016.
Seizures result from changes in depolarizations of the Central Nervous System neurons. They
can be classified according to clinical signs, etiology and frequency. Several etiologies are
responsible for the development of seizures, although idiopathic epilepsy is the most common.
The diagnosis starts by the confirmation that the reported event is a seizure followed by
complementary tests to identify the underlying causes. Seizures management of is done by the
administration of antiepileptic drugs, usually throughout the entire life of the animal.
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Freund, Yonathan. "Approche multimarqueurs en médecine d'urgence." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066123/document.
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L'apport des biomarqueurs aux urgences est bien documenté. Depuis l'apparition de la myoglobine et de la troponine pour le diagnostic de syndrome coronaire aigu (SCA), de multiples marqueurs ont été développés pour l'aide au diagnostic de multiples pathologies aux urgences. Certains biomarqueurs sont même intégrés à la définition de syndromes ou pathologies comme le SCA avec la troponine, ou le sepsis sévère avec le lactate. Nous abordons dans ce travail l'approche multimarqueurs, qui consiste à combiner le dosage de plusieurs biomarqueurs pour améliorer les performances diagnostiques ou pronostiques. L'hypothèse de base de ce travail est que l'association d'un marqueur sensible, généraliste, avec un marqueur spécifique de pathologie ou de dysfonction d'organe, permettrait d'améliorer la prise en charge diagnostique ou la stratification du risque aux urgences. On illustre cette approche dans trois cas particuliers : la prédiction du sepsis sévère, le diagnostic du syndrome coronaire aigu, et l'évaluation du risque après une crise convulsive. Plusieurs méthodes sont envisagées pour combiner plusieurs biomarqueurs, et on développera ici la détermination de la meilleure combinaison linéaire pour obtenir une discrimination optimaleThe added value of biomarkers in the emergency settings is well reported, in various pathologies. Since the burst of myoglobin and troponine for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI), various biomarkers have been developed and adopted for diagnostic purposes in different pathologies. Some of them are part of the very definition of specific syndrom or disease (MI with troponin, or severe sepsis with lactate). We present here the multimarker approach in the emergency department – a strategy that combines the results of several different biomarkers to enhance diagnostic or prognostic performances. We made the hypothesis that the association of a sensitive and generalist biomarker, with an organ or syndrome specific one, would result in better performances.We illustrate here this strategy in three particular cases: the prediction of severe sepsis, the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, and the risk stratification after a convulsive seizure. Several methods are considered for the combination of biomarkers, and we will focus on the determination of the best linear combination
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Kozlowska, Katarzyna. "Emotion Processing In Children with Conversion Disorders: A Developmental and Relational Perspective." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8775.
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Objectives: Historically, conversion symptoms have been understood to emerge within situations that generate strong emotions. From the modern perspective of integrative neuroscience, conversion symptoms can be conceptualised more specifically as involving motor-sensory/autonomic responses to situations that present a serious threat to self and that, in turn, elicit strong negative emotions. Like other responses to threat, they may be primed and fine tuned in the context of repeating, stressful interactions with attachment figures—the child’s environmental context—and automatically triggered when the individual is highly aroused and when other mechanisms for managing threat and danger (for example, verbal negotiation or running away) have failed or been blocked. This theoretical framework predicts that children and adolescents presenting with conversion disorders ought to process emotional information differently to healthy controls and that differences in emotion processing ought to be evident on standardized measures of emotion processing. To study this hypothesis, a research program was developed, involving multiple levels of analysis—psychological (cognitive and behavioural), physiological, and neural. The material presented in this thesis includes (a) articulation of the ideas (theory) that underpin the individual studies and the broader research program; (b) a detailed description of the methodology for the research program as a whole, and of the Dynamic-Maturational-Model of attachment (DMM) methodology used to assess emotion processing on the cognitive-psychological level (as investigated in the studies comprising this thesis); (c) presentation of the pilot attachment data; and (d) presentation of the final attachment data. The remaining components of the broader research program—analyses on the behavioural-psychological, physiological, and neural levels—are still in progress and will be carried through after completion of the thesis. Methods: Consecutive conversion subjects and age- and sex-matched controls were recruited over four years from the candidate’s consultation-liaison service at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Australia. Seventy-six subjects participated in structured interviews about attachment relationships and autobiographical events. Fifty-seven of these subjects completed a computerized battery of psychological and physiological tests in the laboratory (the broader research program). Recruitment for a modified version of this test battery in the functional magnetic resonance imaging machine (fMRI) is still ongoing. Publications Being Presented for Examination (Articles 1-4): Kozlowska, K. (2007). The developmental origins of conversion disorders. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 12(4), 487–510. Kozlowska, K., & Williams, L. M. (2010). Self-protective Organization in Children with Conversion Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study Looking at Psychological and Biological Correlates. Mind & Brain, The Journal of Psychiatry, 1(2), 43–57. Kozlowska, K., & Williams, L. M. (2009). Self-protective organization in children with conversion and somatoform disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 67, 223–233. Kozlowska, K., Scher, S. et al. (2011). Patterns of emotional-cognitive functioning in pediatric conversion patients: implications for the conceptualization of conversion disorders, Psychosomatic Medicine 73(9): 775–788. Summary of Results: On a cognitive level of analysis—using the DMM—children and adolescents with conversion disorders show differences in emotion processing versus controls. Children and adolescents with conversion disorders were classified as falling into non-normative patterns of attachment, implying a chronic disruption of what are normally safe and nurturing attachments. Their attachment narratives were characterised by distortions in information processing: discrepancies in information about emotional events held in different memory systems; imbalance of information about affect and temporal order; imbalance of self and other perspectives; imbalance of self-responsibility and blame on others; a lack linguistic coherence and a high frequency of linguistic markers for unresolved loss and trauma. Unlike controls who fell largely into normative patterns of attachment (Type A1-2, Type B1-5, Type C1-2), children with conversion disorders showed two distinct patterns of emotion processing. Psychological inhibition (Type 3-6 or Type A+) was associated with conversion symptoms defined by discrete motor-sensory loss and positive motor symptoms (tremors and tics). Psychological coercion-preoccupation (Type 3-6 or Type C+) was associated with all other motor symptoms—bizarre gaits and postures, whole-body floppiness, and refusal to move. Non-epileptic seizures occurred across both groups. Additional publications articulating the application of this research to clinical practice. The following articles describe the integration of theoretical ideas and research findings from this thesis into clinical practice. The articles were written by the candidate in collaboration with her clinical team during the period of the thesis and are included in appendix 3 (articles B-E). Kozlowska, K. and R. Khan (2011). A developmental, body-oriented intervention for children and adolescents with medically unexplained chronic pain. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16(4): 575–598. Kozlowska, K., English, M., & Savage, B. (in press). Connecting body and mind: The first interview with somatizing patients and their families. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry. Kozlowska, K., English, M., Savage, B., & Chudleigh, C. (in press). Multimodal rehabilitation: A mind-body, family-based intervention for children and adolescents impaired by medically unexplained symptoms. Part 1: The program. American Journal of Family Therapy. Kozlowska, K., English, M., Savage, B., Chudleigh, C., Davies, F., Paull, M., et al. (in press). Multimodal rehabilitation: A mind-body, family-based intervention for children and adolescents impaired by medically unexplained symptoms. Part 2: Case studies and outcomes. American Journal of Family Therapy. Conclusions: Contrary to the classic understanding of conversion disorder as a unified diagnostic entity with diverse symptoms, the studies comprising this thesis identified two distinct subgroups of conversion patients—those using psychological inhibition and those using psychological coercion-preoccupation—whose symptoms fell into discrete clusters. Psychological inhibition was associated with conversion symptoms reflecting motor-sensory inhibition or failure of inhibition, and psychological coercion-preoccupation was associated with all other motor-sensory conversion symptoms. Non-epileptic seizures occurred across both groups. These results suggest functional linkages between cognitive and motor-sensory processes in patients with conversion disorders. Motor-sensory conversion symptoms appear to be subcomponents or the unwanted consequences of broader self-protective patterns of response to threats—integrated sets of reactions involving psychological (cognitive and behavioural), physiological, and neural components. By contrast, non-epileptic seizures appear to be underpinned by an independent mechanism. Further research is needed to determine the neural mechanisms underlying these various processes.
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Landouzy, Louis. "Contribution à l'étude des convulsions et paralysies liées aux méningo-encéphalites fronto-pariétales thèse pour le doctorat en médecine présentée et soutenue le 6 avril 1876 /." Paris : BIUM, 2003. http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/histmed/medica/cote?TPAR1876x101.
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Cassel, Gudrun. "Cyanide and central nervous system : a study with focus on brain dopamine." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Farmakologi, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101308.
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The brain is a major target site in acute cyanide intoxication, as indicated by several symptoms and signs. Cyanide inhibits the enzyme cytochrome oxidase. This inhibition causes impaired oxygen utilization in all cells affected, severe metabolic acidosis and inhibited production of energy. In this thesis, some neurotoxic effects of cyanide, in particular, the effects on dopaminergic pathways were studied. In a previous study, decreased levels of striatal dopamine and HVA were found after severe cyanide intoxication (5-20 mg/kg i.p.). However, increased striatal dopamine were found in rats showing convulsions after infusion of low doses of cyanide (0.9 mg/kg i.v.), at the optimal dose rate (the dose rate that gives the treshold dose). Increased striatal dopamine synthesis was observed in rats after cyanide treatment and in vitro. Furthermore, in rat, as well as in pig striatal tissue, cyanide dose- dependently increased the oxidative deamination of 5-HT (MAO-A) and DA (MAO-A and -B) but not that of PEA (MAO-B). Thus cyanide affects both the synthesis and metabolism of dopamine. In rats, sodium cyanide (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the striatal dopamine Dj- and D2-receptor binding 1 hour after injection. Increased extracellular levels of striatal dopamine and homovanillic acid were also shown after cyanide (2.0 mg/kg; i.p.). DOPAC and 5-HIAA were slightly decreased. This indicates an increased release or an extracellular leakage of dopamine due to neuronal damage caused by cyanide. Thus the effects of cyanide on dopamine Dj- and D2~receptors could in part be due to cyanide-induced release of dopamine. Because of reported changes in intracellular calcium in cyanide-treated animals, the effects of cyanide on inositol phospholipid breakdown was studied. Cyanide seemed not to affect the inositol phospholipid breakdown in vitro. The effects of cyanide on the synthesis and metabolism of brain GAB A were also examined. A decreased activity of both GAD and GAB A-T were found in the rat brain tissue. The reduced activity of GAB A-T, but not that of GAD returned to the control value after adding PLP in the incubation media. The cyanide-produced reduction of GABA levels will increase the susceptibility to convulsions, and could partly be due to GAD inhibition. In conclusion, cyanide affects the central nervous system in a complex manner. Some effects are probably direct. The main part, however, appears to be secondary, e.g. hypoxia, seizures, changes in calcium levels or transmitter release produced by cyanide.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1993, härtill 7 uppsatser
digitalisering@umu
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Lallement, Guy. "Implication du système glutamatergique au cours des crises convulsives provoquées par le soman : relation avec le système cholinergique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE18010.
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Poulet, Emmanuel. "Quantité d'énergie délivrée au cours du traitement ECT : titration ou méthode "âge-dose"? Données de la littérature et éléments du débat. Données originales issues de trois études prospectives." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23062.
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Sakkaki, Sophie. "Etude pharmacologique des canaux calciques de type T dans des modèles murins de convulsion et d'épileptogenèse." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T020/document.
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De nombreuses études expérimentales montrent que les canaux calciques activés par la dépolarisation membranaire, tout particulièrement les canaux calciques de type T (canaux T), jouent un rôle important dans la physiopathologie des épilepsies. Il existe trois isoformes des canaux T, Cav3.1, Cav3.2 et Cav3.3, toutes exprimées au niveau neuronal. De manière classique, c'est dans l'épilepsie absence où les canaux T ont été le plus étudiés. Les canaux T jouent également un rôle dans des modèles d'épilepsie partielle secondairement généralisée, comme le modèle pilocarpine qui mime l'épilepsie du lobe temporal (ELT). Jusqu'à présent ces canaux ne possédaient pas de pharmacologie spécifique, mais plusieurs molécules récemment synthétisées, en particulier le TTA-A2, apparaissent sélectives des canaux T. Le premier objectif de ma thèse était d'étudier l'implication des canaux T dans l'épileptogenèse. Pour cela nous avons traité des souris au TTA-A2 pendant la phase de latence du modèle pilocarpine (modèle ELT). Nos conditions expérimentales ne nous ont pas permis de conclure quant à une action protectrice du TTA-A2 dans ce modèle. Le deuxième objectif était d'étudier l'effet du TTA-A2 sur des modèles murins de convulsions généralisées : le modèle du Maximal Electroshock Seizure (MES) et le modèle pentylènetétrazole (PTZ). Deux lignées de souris inactivées pour les isoformes Cav3.1 ou Cav3.2 (KO Cav3.1 et KO Cav3.2) ont également été caractérisées dans cette étude. Nous montrons que le TTA-A2 réduit l'apparition des crises toniques dans le modèle MES et que les souris KO Cav3.1 sont également protégées, suggérant un rôle prépondérant des canaux Cav3.1 dans le développement des crises toniquesNumerous experimental studies show that calcium channels activated by membrane depolarization, especially T-type calcium channels (T-channels), play an important role in the physiopathology of epilepsy. There are three T-channels isoforms, Cav3.1, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3, all expressed in neuronal level. Conventionally, T-channels were the most studied in absence epilepsy. T-channels are also involved in partial secondarily generalized epilepsy models, as the pilocarpine model that mimics temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Up to now, there was no specific pharmacology for this channels, but several molecules have recently been synthesized, particularly TTA-A2, appearing selective T-channels. The first goal of my thesis was to study the T-channels involvement in epileptogenesis. For this purpose we treated mice with TTA-A2 during the silent phase of the pilocarpine model (TLE model). Our experimental conditions do not allow us to conclude about a possible protective action of TTA-A2 on this model. The second goal was to study TTA-A2 effects on mice models of generalized seizures: the Maximal Electroshock model (MES) and the pentylenetetrazole model (PTZ). Two mice strains knock-out for Cav3.1 or Cav3.2 (KO Cav3.1 and KO Cav3.2) have also been characterized in this study. We show that the TTA-A2 reduces the appearance of tonic seizures in the MES model and the KO Cav3.1 mice are also protected, suggesting a preponderant role of Cav3.1 channels in the development of tonic seizures
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Contó, Marcos Brandão [UNIFESP]. "Estudo farmacológico e auto-radiográfico do complexo GABAA/Sítio benzodiazepínico, e ensaios bioquímicos da enzima Na+/K+- Atpase e de receptores glutamatérgicos em regiões encefálicas de ratos susceptíveis e não-susceptíveis às convulsões clônicas induzidas pelo DMCM, um agonista inverso benzodiazepínico." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2008. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9586.
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Publico-11764b.pdf: 969495 bytes, checksum: d87ae7194b036aaff67581e32d434f64 (MD5)Objetivo: Verificar se indivíduos susceptíveis e não-susceptíveis às convulsões clônicas induzidas pelo DMCM, um agonista inverso benzodiazepínico, diferem: 1) na sensibilidade ao efeito hipnótico induzido pelo diazepam e por outros moduladores alostéricos positivos do receptor GABAA; 2) na marcação auto-radiográfica com o [3H]- flunitrazepam ao longo do encéfalo; 3) na marcação de [3H]-L-glutamato e do [3H]-MK 801 em membranas de regiões encefálicas; e 4) na atividade da enzima Na+/K+- ATPase, bem como na marcação da [3H]-ouabaína às isoenzimas Na+/K+- ATPase de alta e de baixa afinidade ao radioligante em membranas de regiões encefálicas. Métodos: Ratos Wistar, machos, adultos foram administrados intraperitonealmente duas vezes com uma DC50 de DMCM (com intervalo de uma semana entre as administrações), obtendo-se dois grupos distintos: o grupo susceptível às convulsões (SC), que apresentou convulsões clônicas em ambas as exposições à droga, e o grupo não-susceptível às convulsões (NSC), que não apresentou alterações motoras em ambas as exposições. Após cerca de 25 dias da segunda administração de DMCM, os grupos selecionados foram submetidos aos experimentos com os hipnóticos diazepam, pentobarbital e etanol, nos quais foram registrados o tempo e a latência de sono ou foram sacrificados e seus encéfalos retirados para os seguintes ensaios bioquímicos: 1) auto-radiografia com o [3H]-flunitrazepam; 2) marcação de [3H]-L-glutamato e de [3H]- MK 801 em membranas neuronais; e 3) atividade enzimática da Na+/K+- ATPase e marcação de [3H]-ouabaína em enzimas de alta e baixa afinidade em membranas neuronais. Resultados: O grupo SC apresentou menor tempo de sono induzido pelo diazepam com relação ao grupo NSC, embora não tenham se distinguindo no tempo de sono induzido pelo pentobarbital e pelo etanol. Com relação aos experimentos bioquímicos, observou-se uma menor marcação de [3H]-flunitrazepam na região CA2 ventral do hipocampo no grupo SC. Quanto à ligação de [3H]-L-glutamato foi menor no grupo SC nas regiões do córtex frontal, amígdala + córtex límbico e hipocampo, enquanto que a ligação de [3H]-MK 801 foi menor no córtex frontal, hipocampo e estriado. Embora os grupos não tenham se diferenciado na atividade enzimática da Na+/K+- ATPase, o grupo SC apresentou uma menor marcação da [3H]-ouabaína em isoenzimas de alta afinidade nas regiões do tronco encefálico, córtex frontal e hipocampo, bem como uma menor marcação de [3H]-ouabaína nas regiões do tronco encefálico e córtex frontal em isoenzimas de baixa afinidade. Conclusão: As diferenças entre os grupos quanto à sensibilidade ao efeito convulsivante do DMCM, à ansiedade observada em experimentos anteriores, bem como à sensibilidade ao efeito hipnótico do diazepam podem estar associadas a uma diferença nos sítios benzodiazepínicos da região CA2 ventral do hipocampo, na ix atividade glutamatérgica e em isoformas específicas da Na+/K+- ATPase em determinadas regiões encefálicas.
Objective: The aim of this work was to verify if rats susceptible and non-susceptible to clonic convulsions induced by DMCM, a benzodiazepine inverse agonist, differ: 1) in the sensitivity to the hypnotic effect induced by diazepam and by others positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors; 2) in auto-radiographical analysis of [3H]-flunitrazepam binding along the brain; 3) in the binding of [3H]-L-glutamate and of [3H]-MK 801 in membranes from discrete brain regions; and 4) in the Na+/K+-ATPase activity, as well as in the binding of [3H]-ouabain to Na+/K+-ATPase isoenzimes with high and low affinity to the radioligand in membranes from discrete brain regions. Methods: Adult, male, Wistar rats were administered with two intraperitoneal injections of a convulsant dose 50% (CD50) of DMCM (one-week interval between them), resulting in two distinct groups: the group susceptible to clonic convulsions (SC), which presented clonic convulsions in both the expositions to the drug, and the group nonsusceptible to clonic convulsions (NSC), which did not present any motor disturbance in both the expositions. After 25 days from the second exposition to DMCM, the selected groups were submitted to the experiments with the hypnotics diazepam, pentobarbital and ethanol, in which were registered the latency and the time of sleep or they were sacrified and their brains were removed to carry out the following assays: 1) autoradiography with [3H]-flunitrazepam; 2) binding with the [3H]-L-glutamate and with the [3H]-MK 801 in neuronal membranes; 3) enzymatic activity of Na+/K+-ATPase and binding of [3H]-ouabain to the isoenzimes with high and low affinity in neuronal membranes. Results: The SC group presented a lower sleeping time induced by diazepam compared to the NSC group, and did not differ in the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital and ethanol. Concearning the biochemical experiments, it was observed a lower binding of [3H]-flunitrazepam in the CA2 subregion of ventral hippocampus in the SC group. A lower binding of [3H]-L-glutamate was also observed in the SC group in the frontal cortex, amygdala plus limbic cortex and hippocampus, whereas the binding of [3H]-MK 801 was lower in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum compared to the NSC group. Althougt the groups did not differ in the enzymatic activity of Na+/K+- ATPase, the SC group presented a lower binding of [3H]-ouabain to the high-affinity isoenzimes in the brainstem, frontal cortex and hippocampus, as well as a lower binding of [3H]-ouabain to the low-affinity isoenzimes in the brainstem and in the frontal cortex compared to the NSC group. Conclusion: The differences between the groups concerning the sensitivity to the convulsant effect of DMCM, the level of anxiety previously observed, as well as the sensitivity to the hypnotic effect of diazepam may be associated with the GABAA/benzodiazepine site in CA2 subregion of ventral hippocampus, with glutamatergic activity and with specific isoforms of Na+/K+-ATPase in rat brain regions.
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BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Costeira, Daniela André. "Estudo de crises convulsivas em canídeos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16575.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaAs crises epiléticas correspondem à principal manifestação neurológica detetada em canídeos. A forma generalizada e a epilepsia idiopática são, respectivamente, o tipo e a etiologia que se observam com mais frequência. O estudo teve como objectivo a caracterização de 34 casos clínicos de canídeos com história de pelo menos uma crise convulsiva. Para tal, procedeu-se à caracterização da amostra populacional afetada e das crises verificadas, à identificação de meios de diagnóstico e protocolos terapêuticos aplicados (com posterior avaliação da sua eficácia) e compreensão da influência de determinadas variáveis na sobrevivência dos pacientes. A amostra populacional foi representada, maioritariamente, pelo sexo masculino (61,8%, n=21) e pelas raças Buldogue Francês (11,8%, n=4) e Labrador Retriever (14,7%, n=5). As crises generalizadas (88,2%, n=30) e as de origem intracraniana (50%, n=17), com destaque para a epilepsia idiopática, foram as mais frequentes. A idade média dos pacientes na primeira crise foi 6,60 ± 4,20 anos, sendo que em canídeos com epilepsia idiopática esta foi mais baixa. As situações de emergência (status epilepticus) foram detetadas em 12 pacientes (35,3%). Os meios de diagnóstico foram aplicados em 31 canídeos (91,2%), tendo-se privilegiado a realização de análises clínicas. A única modalidade terapêutica aplicada foi a farmacológica, em 52,9% da amostra (n=18), porém, o doseamento do(s) fármaco(s) só foi efetuado em 7 destes animais. A mortalidade foi de 23,5% (n=8) na sua maioria devido a motivos relacionados com crises convulsivas (n=5). Os pacientes sem historial de status epilepticus apresentaram maior probabilidade de sobrevivência, comparativamente aos que o desenvolveram. Com o aumento da idade esta probabilidade diminui. O estudo permitiu aprofundar conhecimentos relativamente às crises convulsivas em canídeos, nomeadamente ao nível da caracterização destas crises e da diversidade de meios de diagnóstico e modalidades terapêuticas a serem aplicadas. No entanto, em algumas situações, devido à impossibilidade da realização de um diagnóstico definitivo os protocolos terapêuticos aplicados nem sempre são os mais adequados. Apesar da amostra populacional analisada se restringir a apenas um Centro de Atendimento Médico-Veterinário (CAMV) e ser de baixa representatividade, os resultados obtidos revelam uma necessidade de melhoria relativamente ao aprofundamento das práticas aplicadas nestas situações, considerando uma prática idêntica nos diversos CAMV.
ABSTRACT - Epileptic seizure is the main neurological manifestation observed in dogs. Generalized seizures and idiopathic epilepsy are the most commonly observed type and etiology, respectively. The aim of this study is to characterize 34 cases of dogs with history of at least one seizure. For this purpose, the characterization of the sample and crisis, the diagnosis approach and therapeutic procedures (with efficacy evaluation) and the influence of certain variables on patient’s survival were analized. The sample was represented mostly by male dogs (61,8%, n = 21). Most affected breeds were Frech Bulldog (11,8%, n = 4) and Labrador Retriever (14,7%, n = 5). Generalized seizures (88,2%, n = 30) and intracranial seizures (50%, n = 17), especially idiopathic epilepsy, were the most frequent presentations. The mean age of the patients at their first crisis was 6.60 ± 4.20 years, being lower in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. The emergencies (status epilepticus) were detected in 12 patients (35.3%). The diagnosis approach was applied in 31 dogs (91,2%), with blood tests being the most required. The pharmacological protocol was the only therapy applied in 52,9% of the sample (n=18), however dosing was only performed in 7. Mortality was 23,5% (n=8), namely due to seizures (n=5). Dogs with no status epilepticus history were more likely to survive than those that developed it. Furthermore, for each additional year, the survival decreases. The present study allowed to expand the knowledge about seizures in dogs, specially for the characterization of the crisis and the diversity of diagnostic approach and therapeutic protocols that can be applied. However, in some cases, the absence of a definitive diagnosis results in the non-application of the most adequate therapy. If results showned in this CAMV represents the reality of other CAMV, then there is a clear need for improvement.
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MOTTET, PHILIPPE. "Les crises convulsives dans un service d'accueil et d'urgence : a propos de 43 cas accueillis a l'hopital de roanne." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M098.
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Lima, Camila Nayane de Carvalho. "Convulsant carbapenems potential of different models in experimental convulsion: benchmarking, behavioral and neurochemical." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9563.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel SuperiorEpilepsy is the most common neurological disorder, affecting 50 million people worldwide, 40 million of them in developed countries. People of all races, genders, socioeconomic conditions and regions are affected. The pilocarpine (P400) is a cholinergic agonist characterized by inducing seizures evolving to status epilepticus, similar to human temporal lobe epilepsy. The pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a GABA antagonist that mimics the small-mal seizures (absence seizure) and tonic-clonic seizures in humans. The strychnine is a potent convulsant and acts mainly as a selective antagonist of postsynaptic inhibition mediated by glycine. Its main action is to increase the excitability of the spinal reflex . The convulsant picrotoxin is an agent that blocks chloride channels activated by gamma-aminobutyric acid. Convulsant agents were administered intraperitoneally, 10 minutes after intravenous administration of carbapenÃmcios With the development of this work, we found that pretreatment with imipenem or meropenem interfere with various neurotransmitter systems when animals are subjected to seizures induced by pilocarpine at a dose of 400mg/kg, 55mg/Kg at a dose of pentylenetetrazole, strychnine and picrotoxin 10mg/Kg 2mg/kg. This has been evidenced by increasing levels of excitatory amino acids such as glutamate and on the other hand, a decrease in levels of inhibitory amino acids such as GABA reinforcing the existence of a possible modulatory pathway of these amino acids in control and development of seizure occurs when pre-treatment with imipenem or meropenem.
Epilepsia à o mais freqÃente distÃrbio neurolÃgico, atingindo 50 milhÃes de pessoas no mundo, 40 milhÃes delas em paÃses desenvolvidos. Pessoas de todas as raÃas, sexos, condiÃÃes socioeconÃmicas e regiÃes sÃo acometidas. A pilocarpina (P400) à um agonista colinÃrgico que se caracteriza por induzir convulsÃes que evoluem para status epilÃpticus, similar à epilepsia do lobo temporal humana. O pentilenotetrazol (PTZ) à um antagonista GABA que mimetiza convulsÃes do pequeno-mal (crise de ausÃncia) e do tipo tÃnico-clÃnico em humanos. A estricnina à um potente convulsivante e atua, principalmente, como antagonista competitivo seletivo da inibiÃÃo pÃs-sinÃptica mediada pela glicina. Sua principal aÃÃo à o aumento da excitabilidade reflexa da medula. A picrotoxina à um agente convulsivante que bloqueia os canais de cloro ativados pelo Ãcido gama-aminobutÃrico. Os agentes convulsivantes foram administrados intraperitonialmente, apÃs 10 minutos da administraÃÃo intravenosa dos carbapenÃmcios Com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, podemos observar que o prÃ-tratamento com imipenem ou meropenem interfere com vÃrios sistemas de neurotransmissores quando os animais sÃo submetidos à convulsÃo induzida pela pilocarpina na dose de 400mg/kg, pentilenotetrazol na dose de 55mg/Kg, estricnina 2mg/Kg e picrotoxina 10mg/Kg. Tal efeito foi evidenciado atravÃs do aumento nos nÃveis de aminoÃcidos excitatÃrios como o glutamato e, por outro lado, uma diminuiÃÃo nos nÃveis de aminoÃcidos inibitÃrios como o GABA reforÃando a existÃncia de uma possÃvel via modulatÃria desses aminoÃcidos no controle e desenvolvimento de crises epilÃpticas quando ocorre o prÃ-tratamento com imipenem/cilastatina ou meropenem.
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Lagard, Camille. "Douleur et tramadol : Mécanismes de toxicite et optimisation thérapeutique - Etude expérimentale chez le rat." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC095.
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La douleur est un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Les prescriptions, et par voie de conséquence les intoxications au tramadol ont explosé récemment. Cet opioïde atypique présente des effets adverses variés, incluant dépression respiratoire, convulsions et syndrome sérotoninergique. Nos travaux chez le rat nous ont permis de montrer que la toxicité respiratoire induite par le tramadol était modérée mais aggravée en cas de co-administration de diazépam. Concernant les convulsions, celles-ci apparaissaient rapidement, étaient généralisées et accompagnées d’un état de mal épileptique. Ces convulsions n’étaient pas liées au syndrome sérotoninergique puis qu’indépendantes de la sérotonine. Nous avons suggéré à l’origine des convulsions induites par le tramadol, une modulation allostérique par cet opioïde des récepteurs GABAA entraînant probablement leur inhibition. Enfin, le syndrome sérotoninergique induit par le tramadol était caractérisé par des manifestations cliniques typiques accompagnées d’une encéphalopathie modérée à l’EEG. Nos résultats suggéraient aussi la nécessité d’une approche EEG systématique en complément des observations cliniques pour un diagnostic plus juste du syndrome sérotoninergique d’origine toxique. Pour reverser la toxicité neuro-respiratoire du tramadol, l’association diazépam/naloxone semblait être le traitement le plus efficace à proposer, abolissant les convulsions électro-cliniques, réduisant significativement les effets respiratoires délétères et faisant disparaître les signes sérotoninergiques. KGNOP1, un hybride bifonctionnel opioïde/anti-nociceptine, proposé comme alternative au tramadol pour traiter les douleurs neuropathique et par excès de nociception, présentait une efficacité et une sécurité d’emploi meilleures que le tramadol et la morphine, malgré des effets respiratoires délétères importants. En revanche, une tolérance rapide à ses effets analgésiques pourrait questionner son utilisation chez l’hommePain is a major public health issue. Tramadol prescriptions and their consequent poisonings have increased recently. This atypical opioid has various adverse effects including respiratory depression, seizures and serotonin syndrome. In our rat study, we demonstrated that tramadol-induced respiratory toxicity was moderate and worsened by diazepam co-administration. Tramadol-induced seizures were of rapid onset, generalized and accompanied by status epilepticus. Seizures were not related to serotonin syndrome since not induced by serotonin. We suggested tramadol-induced allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors resulting in its inhibition to explain tramadol-attributed seizures. Finally, tramadol-induced serotonin syndrome was responsible for well-characterized clinical symptoms accompanied by mild encephalopathy on the EEG. Interestingly, our results suggested that EEG study was required for an accurate diagnosis of serotonin syndrome in addition to the clinical observations. In order to treat tramadol-induced toxicity, diazepam/naloxone combination appears to be the best treatment to abolish tramadol-induced electro-clinic seizures, to reduce its deleterious respiratory effects, and to reverse its serotonin toxicity. KGNOP1, a bi-functional opioid/anti-nociceptin hybrid suggested as alternative compound to tramadol in the treatment of neuropathic and nociceptive pains, showed advantages with improved efficacy and safety in comparison to tramadol and morphine, despite important deleterious respiratory effects. However, the onset of rapid tolerance to its analgesic effects questioned the possible administration of this hybrid to humans
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MATON, BRUNO. "Role du tronc cerebral dans les crises convulsives generalisees." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M213.
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Cortés, Zenteno Cristián Alberto. "Descripción de hallazgos electroencefalográficos en pacientes caninos con síndrome convulsivo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131045.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico VeterinarioSe realizó un estudio descriptivo en pacientes caninos con síndrome convulsivo a partir de los casos presentados en el Instituto Neurológico y Especialidades Veterinarias. En este estudio se describieron las ondas electroencefalográficas encontradas según el tipo de convulsión prediagnosticada clínicamente, y los grafoelementos patológicos según: morfología, focos, duración, localización y simetría, en un total de 30 pacientes entre 2 a 8 años, sin importar raza, sexo ni peso. Del total de casos analizados el 47% presentó alteraciones morfológicas evidentes a lo largo del trazado electroencefalográfico. De los pacientes con convulsiones generalizadas, 68.75% presentó alteraciones al registro EEG caracterizadas por un predominio de ondas lentas, puntas u ondas agudas y puntas-ondas lentas. En el 90% de los pacientes con convulsiones parciales se observó un trazado EEG anormal, estos se caracterizaron por la presencia de puntas-onda lenta. De los pacientes que presentaron convulsiones parciales con generalización secundaria sólo el 50% de ellos tenían alteraciones al registro EEG. Presentando un trazado con predominio de ondas agudas, complejos punta-onda lenta y espigas con ondas lentas difusas compuestas principalmente por ritmos alfa, delta y theta. Dentro de los grafoelementos patológicos encontrados en este estudio destacan las puntas-ondas lentas, focos múltiples, de duración transitoria, de localización principalmente en el hemisferio izquierdo y por lo tanto asimétricas. El 73.07% de los grafoelementos patológicos encontrados en este estudio se presentó a nivel del área temporal, frontal y frontopolar
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Utan, Aneli <1974>. "Effects of cannabidiol and cannabis extracts in models of convulsion and excitotoxicity." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/824/1/Tesi_Utan_Aneli.pdf.
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Utan, Aneli <1974>. "Effects of cannabidiol and cannabis extracts in models of convulsion and excitotoxicity." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/824/.
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Beck, Corinne. "Génétique des épilepsies : localisation de gènes de susceptibilité aux épilepsies humaines." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T017.
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Durand, Marie-France. "La pathologie a herpes virus 6 chez l'enfant : contribution a l'etude des manifestations neurologiques." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11067.
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