Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Convicts'
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Tuffin, Richard Lindsay. "Australia's industrious convicts: An archaeological study of landscapes of convict labour." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14656.
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This thesis devises and tests an approach to understanding archaeological sites of convict labour in an Australian context. It is centred upon a seemingly simple question: was convict labour motivated more by punishment or profit? Focussing on those places where the government retained direct control of convict labour, this thesis proposes an analytical framework that can form the foundation of discussions into the role and residues of convict labour in Australia. Such a framework is required, with research into the convict past marked by a growing disconnect between the archaeological and historical disciplines. The model presented for discussion posits that there are two main analytical elements that should be discussed when engaging with landscapes of convict labour: the setting and process. The latter, in particular, presents a multi-faceted way of examining these landscapes, encouraging their analysis through a tripartite filter: organisation (how the convict labour was managed and deployed), supervision (how the labour was directed and controlled) and production (the economic basis of the convict labour). This thesis tests the model by applying it to five case study sites. These were established by the government to exploit Van Diemen's Land's (Tasmania) coal resource through the deployment of convict labour between ca.1822 and 1848. By drawing upon the archaeological and historical record, this research analytically deconstructs these places using the devised model. Focus is placed upon the role of penological aims in their formation and development, in particular the tension engendered between the motives of punishment and profit. It finds that these places were formed and developed in response to complex multi-scalar influences and the transformative effects of the power dynamics which were played out within them. Importantly, this thesis observes that these places of convict labour are marked by an ambiguity that resulted in a melded landscape where the formative motivators of punishment and profit co-existed, the disentanglement of which requires the application of archaeological and historical methodology.
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Sellers, Laura Mary. "Managing convicts, understanding criminals : medicine and the development of English convict prisons, c.1837-1886." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19344/.
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This thesis argues that the creation and development of the English convict prison system during the nineteenth century depended to a significant extent on the medical men who were employed there. It focuses on the practical work-lives and research of prison medical officers in five Victorian government-run convict prisons. The structure is both chronological and thematic: each chapter focuses on a specific convict prison and on particular concerns of prison medical officers and administration at a time when new challenges arose. The thesis demonstrates that prison medical officers changed the architecture, management, and philosophy that shaped the developing prison system, in what was an experimental era for prisons. At the start of the nineteenth century England had a medley of regional systems, different types of prisons and inconsistent punishments; by the end, a more uniform, organised, national system had been formed through experiment and policy change. Prison medical officers played a vital part in this transformation, and they thereby shaped the British understanding of “the criminal” in the decades before the advent of criminology. The intention to build a uniform system had to be rethought because of physical and mental health diagnoses made by the medical staff. The separation and categorisation of people within, based on medical concerns, shaped both convict prisons and the British understanding of “the criminal”. The thesis also argues that studying medicine in prisons illuminates the history of medicine, giving a new insight into how this group of medical men came to do important work in epidemiology, nutrition, psychiatry, neurology and public health.
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Staniforth, Martin John. "Re-imagining the convicts : history, myth and nation in contemporary Australian fictions of early convictism." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10463/.
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This thesis examines the way in which a number of contemporary Australian novels use the contested figure of the early convict to reflect on, and participate in, the recent heated debates over Australian history and culture. It argues that while these novels represent an attempt to challenge the traditional narrative of the nation’s past promulgated by the Anglo-Celtic settler population, they predominantly reproduce rather than overturn the myths and stories that have been the hallmark of settler Australia. I examine the novels in three overlapping contexts: in relation to the way in which Australia’s convict history has shaped and influenced contemporary perceptions of nation and belonging; in relation to the tradition of convict fiction from Marcus Clarke onwards; and in relation to contemporary debates about Australian identity and history. I start with two contextual chapters: the first considers the foundational role of early convictism in creating the myths and stories that Anglo-Celtic Australians use to order their lives and how the convict legacy has left its mark on contemporary Australian society; the second examines the way in which early convict fiction established key aspects of settler history and identity, before considering how the genre of convict fiction responded to challenges to the nature of Australian society in the 1960s and 1970s. I then go on to examine critically the response of contemporary convict novels to the more fundamental challenges to traditional representations of Australian history and identity posed in the period immediately following the Bicentenary of British settlement, considering them in the contexts of Aboriginal dispossession, myths of exile and settler relationships to the land. I conclude that while these novels seek to reconceptualize the past they mostly fail to imagine an alternative vision for the country and consequently endorse rather than undermine the narratives they seek to challenge.
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Wilson, Anna. "Successful prisoner reentry : an analysis of the most important variables." University of Western Australia. Crime Research Centre, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0258.
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Prisoner reentry is becomingly increasingly recognised as a significant societal problem. Almost all prisoners will be released will reenter the community and many will reoffend. Internationally, imprisonment rates continue to rise, compounding the challenge to the criminal justice system that the current system of incarceration and reentry creates. Gaps remain in our understanding of the reentry process and the challenges faced by released prisoners. Previous reentry research has tended to focus on specific issues such as accommodation or employment or have used prisoner interviews as the data source. The gaps in reentry literature are compounded by conflicting definitions of 'successful' reentry. Research was undertaken to examine the definition of 'successful reentry' and to determine the most important variables deemed to affect successful prisoner reentry. Semi structured interviews were conducted with twenty-four stakeholders with a variety of roles in prisoner reentry in Western Australia. Additional data was collected from published government reports, policy documents, research reports and academic literature. The interview findings determined that accommodation, employment, social networks and education and treatment programs were deemed to have the most significant impact on prisoner reentry. One of the most significant findings to emerge is the significance of social networks. This study has found evidence that the value of social networks has been neglected in reentry policy. One of the core issues examined throughout this process was the definition of 'successful reentry'. The term 'successful reentry' requires clarification, alongside elucidation of related goals and measurements. Measures of reentry 'success' need to be developed further or ameliorated by additional criterion as successful reentry is a more complex problem than existing recidivism measures can address. This thesis challenges the existing understanding of the needs of prisoners reentering the community and suggests strategies for improving the reentry process and related outcomes. Future reentry policy needs to give greater weight to the value of social networks and establish mechanisms to facilitate the development and maintenance of these networks, which will in turn, assist prisoners to secure accommodation and employment opportunities.
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Hindmarsh, Bruce. "Yoked to the plough : male convict labour, culture and resistance in rural Van Diemen's Land, 1820-40." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4056.
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This thesis is a study of assigned male convict labour in rural Van Diemen’s Land in the period 1820-40. Throughout this period agriculture and pastoralism were centxal to the colonial economy, and this sector was the largest private employer of convict labour, yet there has been no prior sustained investigation of the nature and experience of rural convict employment in Van Diemen’s Land. Research has involved use of records of convict transportation, the records of the convict department, colonial court records, and the correspondence of the colonial secretary’s office. Extensive use has also been made of the colonial press, published contemporary accounts, and unpublished journals of colonists. The thesis begins with a discussion of two oppositional representations of rural convict labour: John Glover’s painting ‘My Harvest Home’, and the ballad ‘Van Diemen’s Land’. These representations demonstrate the polarised debate on the nature of convict labour. Rural convicts have been largely neglected in the recent historiography of convict transportation; this thesis argues that this neglect is unwarranted, and that rural convict labour resists reductionist understanding of convict labour. Chapter 1 examines farming in the colony, demonstrating the importance and vitality of this sector of the economy. Chapters 2-4 discuss convict assignment, management, and convict responses. It is argued that assignment effectively placed those with experience of farm work with rural employers. Convicts’ skills are seen to have been relevant and useful to the rural economy. The management of convict servants operated both formally at the level of the Convict Department regulations and the magistrates bench, and informally on individual properties. Informal management best utilised incentives rather than force. Thus convicts were able to negotiate the authority of their employers through various means, including resistance. Chapters 5-7 discuss the convict experience of rural labour. Material conditions of diet, housing and clothing are examined in chapter 5. Convict recreational culture is investigated in chapter 6; it is argued that convicts created an important site of autonomy in this form. The intimate lives of convict men are discussed in chapter 7. Often seen as brutal and brutalising, it is argued that these relationships were important and meaningful sites in male convict experience.
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Chan, Fu-sai. "A study of the lifestyle of drug abusers with a history of crime convictions." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649245.
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Anderson, Clare. "Kala Pani : Indian convicts in Mauritius, 1815-1853." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21268.
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Between 1815 and 1837 almost fifteen hundred Indian convicts were transported from the Presidencies of Bengal and Bombay and the colony of Ceylon to the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius. Transportation was then abandoned. After the convicts' arrival in Mauritius, they were put to work on various private and public works projects on the island. They were a crucial labour supply in important sectors of the rapidly expanding Mauritian economy. Above all they built and maintained the island's necessary infrastructure. This thesis begins with an analysis of the context in which a system of transportation was set up in the Indian Presidencies. It is shown that transportation was a 'humanist' penal strategy, given particular resonance in the South Asian region due to colonial perceptions of the significance of race and caste there. At the same time, transportation was implemented as an economic strategy. It removed relatively costly prisoners from the Indian jails and satisfied the demand for certain categories of labour in Mauritius, which could not easily be procured from among the island's existing workforce. Extensive analysis is then made of a highly original source: convict ship indents. It is clear that the convicts came from the margins of Indian society, comprising groups which had been placed under the most pressure by East India Company penetration into north India. The focus of the thesis then shifts to Mauritius and the operation of the convict system there. The main thrust of the remaining chapters is that although transportation was founded on 'disciplinary' principles, these were often far removed from the actual practices of convict management. The convicts' labour capacity was exploited, but this was sometimes challenged through convict resistance. Otherwise, there was a general lack of surveillance and control over the convicts which led to their widespread integration in Mauritian society - through cohabitation, religious activities, leisure and acquisition of private property - despite colonial directives to effect their social segregation. These conclusion lead to serious reservations about Foucauldian understandings of the matters addressed, which tend to totalise the effects of disciplinary and surveillance technologies.
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Stevens, Tia M. "The role of social support and continuing care as predictors of women's prison-based substance abuse treatment outcomes." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1156194174.
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Sun, Wai-hung. "Burnout among social workers working with ex-offenders /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1947071X.
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Chan, Kam-wa. "Attitudes of Hong Kong legislators towards crime and punishment : an exploratory study on the post-release supervision of prisoners ordinance /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649774.
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Sennott, Christie. "Southern reactions and the tyranny of small numbers : a historical-comparative study of lifetime felony disenfranchisement legislation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421158.
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Cheng, Shing, and 鄭誠. "Former drug detainees in China : arrest, incarceration, and post-released life." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208560.
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This is a qualitative research project about the experiences of forty-six former drug detainees who had been incarcerated because of illicit drug use. I examine their painful experiences of being arrested, imprisoned, and their experiences of post-released lives.
I did the formal fieldwork in 2012. I have adopted a qualitative approach for my study. I stayed in Zhiyang for six months and Motai, another Chinese city, for one week in 2012 (both Zhiyang and Motai are not the real name of the cities). In 2013, I went back to Zhiyang again to reconfirm some of the data that I had collected. I had met forty-six former prisoners who were willing to share their stories with me. I have done semi-structured interviews with forty-three of them and participated in their formal and informal social gatherings.
Behind their painful experiences, I would demonstrate, is a fundamental contradiction between the unrealistically ideal Party propaganda, which is made according to “exemplary norms”, and the everyday actual practices of the police officers and the prisoner officers. These realities are based on a variety of practical norms guided by different bureaucratic rules and regulations. Throughout the process, I will show, former drug detainees had suffered from physical pain, shame and degradation instead of being “rehabilitated”. The discussion in this thesis is first and foremost about a failed system of rehabilitation, but also mirrors a more general system of hypocrisy as it unfolds in contemporary China.published_or_final_version
Sociology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Booth, Sharron. "Venturing into silences:The silence of water (novel) - and - Convicts, women and Western Australian stories (essay)." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2312.
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This thesis examines the harsh impact of convict transportation on Western Australian life and literary production with a novel, “The Silence of Water”, and an accompanying essay. The Swan River Colony (Western Australia) was established in 1829 with the express intention never to accept convicts; however, almost 10,000 men were transported there from Britain between 1850 and 1868. “The Silence of Water” depicts the life of one convict, Customs and Excise officer and former tailor Edwin Thomas Salt, who was convicted of the murder of his wife, Mary Ann, in Edinburgh in 1860. The case attracted attention in newspapers across Britain partly due to the “extreme provocation” Edwin was said to have suffered because of Mary Ann’s drinking. Edwin’s death sentence was commuted and he was transported to Western Australia in 1862. Edwin later received a conditional pardon that allowed him to live as a free man. In Western Australia he married twice, had more children and worked sporadically as a tailor. He died in Fremantle in 1910. A literate man with no prior convictions, sometimes a drunk and a bully, Edwin Salt differs from the convicts usually depicted in Western Australian fiction. Through the characters of Edwin Salt, his Australian daughter and granddaughter, “The Silence of Water” explores themes of exile, incarceration, family dislocation, secrets and intergenerational silences.
The accompanying essay claims complex convict characters are largely missing from Western Australia’s literature and suggests how “The Silence of Water” claims a place for convicts and the women associated with them in Western Australia’s founding colonial narrative. It also discusses key research frameworks, methods and literary strategies. Chapter one examines how the convict figure functions across a range of novels from 1880 to 2015 and finds that Western Australia’s convict figure differs markedly from that seen in novels from other Australian states. Chapter two examines two research methods used to write the novel: engagement with the archives and engagement with place. It demonstrates how exploration of Edwin Thomas Salt broadened to focus on the women associated with him, driven by a feminist theoretical framework. Chapter three discusses some literary strategies selected for “The Silence of Water” and their rationale, drawing on the work of contemporary Western Australian fiction writers. Overall, the thesis illuminates an under-explored area of Western Australian cultural production and contributes new knowledge about Western Australia’s convict era, the consequences of which are still visible today.
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Falgas-Ravry, Cécilia. "Representations of convicts in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century French culture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245144.
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From the 1820s, forçats were widely portrayed in French culture across a variety of fictional and non-fictional genres. This thesis analyses this ‘convict tradition’, and relates it to the emergence of industrial literature in France, with its resolutely reader-centred approach. It argues that convicts acquired a central cultural importance in the nineteenth century because they embodied a form of transgressive individualism which fascinated bourgeois readers. Convicts functioned as screens onto which readers could project their own forbidden desires. The study analyses canonical novels by Sand, Balzac, Hugo and Zola alongside a large corpus of non-fiction, including biographies, penological or philanthropic texts, physiologies and travel literature. The circulation of stereotypes and stylistic tropes between these different genres shows the constant interaction between mainstream and elite writing, and the influence of literary representations on the perception of criminals, which shaped political decisions and penal policy. The first chapter of the study suggests that convicts gave a face to nineteenth-century concerns about the proliferation of the criminal classes, thereby allowing readers to explore these fears. At the same time, descriptions of crime were a source of scopophilic pleasure, allowing readers to indulge repressed transgressive desires, while partaking in a potentially subversive celebration of carnivalesque disorder. Chapter 2 shows how these dynamics inform Balzac’s writing in his ‘Vautrin cycle’, drawing readers into a game of open secrets and deferred recognition, which mirrors contemporary concerns about urban illegibility and illegitimate social promotion. Chapter 3 explores a competing tradition which portrayed convicts as sublime, betraying the ambiguity of nineteenth-century attitudes to imprisonment, which could be a sign of infamy or of martyrdom. Sublime convicts reassured readers about the human ability to overcome trials, and to attain salvation through spiritual means (ataraxia) or physical resistance (escape). These differing traditions show that narratives tended to be centred upon their readers’ concerns, which may explain why criminals themselves were discouraged from writing. Chapter 4 presents the obstacles to convict self-expression as well as various attempts by inmates to ‘write back’, culminating with Genet’s and Charrière’s subversive reappropriation of literary discourse. Chapter 5 examines the ways in which the interplay between political events, commercial imperatives, literary evolutions (the rise of the detective novel) and new cultural practices like the cinema changed twentieth-century representations of convicts. This thesis analyses a large corpus of understudied material and fills a gap in existing scholarship, but more importantly it uses convicts to explore nineteenth-century reading practices, and to probe cultural fault lines in post-revolutionary French society. Convicts exemplify the ambiguity of nineteenth-century attitudes to social marginality, and highlight the conflicted nature of bourgeois identity. Their portrayal also draws attention to the important structural changes undergone by the literary field from the 1830s onwards, which paved the way for the advent of mass culture in the twentieth century.
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Picton, Phillipps Christina J. V. "Convicts, communication and authority : Britain and New South Wales, 1810-1830." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1568.
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Knowledge of the convict period in New South Wales has been substantially expanded and enriched through a number of revisionist scholarly studies in the last quarter of the twentieth century. The cumulative result has been the establishment of a number of new orthodoxies. These studies have drawn on a number of analytic frameworks including feminism and cliometrics, successfully challenging the previous historiography. The rich archival sources in New South Wales have been utilised to reformulate the convict period by a number of scholars, demonstrating the complexity of life in the penal colony. Academic divisions between what are regarded as “Australian” history and “British” history have imposed their own agendas on writing about transportation. This study challenges this imposition through an examination of petitioners’ approaches to the home and colonial administrations. A lacuna in the scholarly studies has been a lack of attention to transportation’s consequences for married couples and their children. This study seeks to narrow that gap through these petitions. The findings of the study demonstrate the continuation of links between those who were transported and those who remained in Britain. It is argued that these findings have important implications for future research within Britain, and that what is disclosed by these petitions and the individuals who were involved in on-going communications cannot be restricted either to Australian or convict histories. Our knowledge of what transportation meant to individuals in the periphery as well as those in the metropole is diminished if the focus remains firmly on the settler community. Supplementary material from contemporary sources as well as the official records passing between the two administrations has been utilised and these supplementary sources suggest that there was a broad division between official publicly stated policy and practice in respect of transportees’ family circumstances. Chapter One establishes the architecture of the thesis and explains the methodology adopted. Chapter Two offers a reinterpretation of the colony’s formation in 1788 and inserts the “convict audience” of that day into the historiography . Chapter Three examines two petitioners writing from different gaols in Britain prior to their expected transportation. A resolution of the division between cliometrics and this more qualitative humanist approach is proposed. Chapter Four is a study of petitioners in Britain and a study of the process required for a reunion and reconstitution of family units in New South Wales. Chapter Five seeks to a resiting of male convicts as family members through an examination of a number of contemporary sources. Chapter Six examines the petitions raised by husbands and fathers for their wives and families to be given free passages to the colony. Chapter Seven provides case studies of three transportees and their experiences of the petitioning process. In Chapter Eight the focus broadens out from married men to examine and provide a revision of convicts’ correspondence with their relatives and friends in Britain. Such correspondence has previously provided the basis for nationalist interpretations; the revision here suggests that such interpretations are anachronistic. Chapter Nine is an extended metaphor drawing the material together to the conclusions of the study.
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Hamilton, Chloe. "Consumption and Convicts: Faunal Analysis from the Port Arthur Prisoner Barracks." Thesis, Department of Archaeology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10173.
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This thesis will present a zooarchaeological analysis of the faunal remains excavated from the Port Arthur Prisoner Barracks in 1977. Originally constructed in 1830 following the establishment of the Port Arthur Penal Settlement, the Prisoner Barracks were continually occupied throughout the convict period, spanning 1830 – 1877. This thesis will examine both the faunal remains and the historical record to examine the evolution of subsistence practices at Port Arthur and within the broader network of probation stations upon Tasman’s Peninsula.
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Williams, Marvin L. "Beyond the bars the Black church and its responsibility in prison/aftercare ministry /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.
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Ng, Hoi-kit Michael. "Criminal record : labeling and job search discrimination /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19739825.
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Smith, Barbara Dongu. "Voting rights for felons : an analysis of felon voting rights restoration laws in Illinois and New York and the factors that affect an elections official's willingness or reluctance to implement the law /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131458642.pdf.
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Then, Vincent. "Colonizing with Convicts : The British Debate on the Australian Penal Colonies (1802—1838)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254032.
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Jacobs, Sidney R. "Religion and the reintegration experiences of drug-involved African American men following incarceration." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 311 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1891601451&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Seffrin, Patrick. "An examination of black-white crime differences in a sample of previously incarcerated youth does neighborhood context explain the race gap in adult crime? /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1159988862.
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Leverentz, Andrea M. "People, places, and things [electronic resource] : the social process of reentry for female ex-offenders /." Full text available, 2006. http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/215178.pdf.
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McLaren, Annemarie. "Convict Geographies of Early Colonial Sydney." Thesis, Department of History, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10243.
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The convict’s environmental, spatial and administrative knowledge of early colonial Sydney was far richer than is generally acknowledged. Not only were the convicts thinking and feeling individuals transported to a foreign land against their will, but the natural world was, in a very real way, all around them. Through their work, their use of their ‘own time’, leisure, and in their pursuit of prohibited activities, the convicts were actively perceiving and reacting to the environment and developed their own understanding of landscapes of the colony and its hinterland. The colony became a place of places that were intimately known and understood, threaded through with action, imagination and cultural designs. The convicts had an internalized consciousness of the spaces and places of the early colony and its hinterland.
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Teixeira, Christopher. "THE CRIME OF COMING HOME: BRITISH CONVICTS RETURNING FROM TRANSPORTATION IN LONDON, 1720-1780." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2226.
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This thesis examines convicts who were tried for the crime of  returning from transportation at London s Old Bailey courthouse between 1720 and 1780. While there is plenty of historical scholarship on the tens of thousands of people who endured penal transportation to the American colonies, relatively little attention has been paid to convicts who migrated illegally back to Britain or those who avoided banishment altogether. By examining these convicts, we can gain a better understanding of how transportation worked, how convicts managed to return to Britain, and most importantly, what happened to them there. This thesis argues that convicts resisted transportation by either avoiding it or returning from banishment after obtaining their freedom. However, regardless of how they arrived back in Britain, many failed to reintegrate successfully back into British society, which led to their apprehension and trial. I claim that most convicts avoided the death penalty upon returning and that this encouraged more convicts to resist transportation and return home. The thesis examines the court cases of 132 convicts charged with returning from transportation at the Old Bailey and examines this migration home through the eyes of those who experienced it. First, the thesis focuses on convicts in Britain and demonstrates how negative perceptions of transportation encouraged them to resist banishment. The thesis then highlights how convicts obtained their freedom in the colonies, which gave them the opportunity to return illegally. Finally, the thesis shows that returned felons tried to reintegrate into society by relocating to new cities, leading quiet honest lives, or by returning to a life of crime.M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Humanities
History MA
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Bush, Fiona. "The convicts' contribution to the built environment of colonial Western Australia between 1850-1880." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/517.
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Western Australia was founded as Australia’s first free colony in June 1829. The colony was not as successful as those in eastern Australia, and many of the settlers argued that the poor progress was due in part to a shortage of labourers. By 1849 the colonists had decided that their only way forward was to become a penal colony and the first ship arrived in June 1850 carrying 75 convicts.The thesis explores the impact that convicts had on the built environment of Western Australia. To understand the convicts’ contribution to the building industry this thesis begins with a study of buildings constructed before 1850. Extensive research was undertaken into the types of buildings erected by the settlers between 1829 and 1850: such as the types of materials used, the design and who actually constructed the buildings. The study found that before the arrival of the convicts the colony had a shortage of men with skills in the building trade. One of the major factors that enabled the convicts to contribute to the development of the colony’s building industry was vocational training, in areas such as bricklaying, brickmaking, carpentry and masonry that they obtained during their incarceration in public works prisons in Britain.This training was provided by the British government before the convicts were transported to a penal colony, as part of a new system of penal discipline. Following their arrival in Western Australia, soldiers of the Royal Engineers continued the convicts’ training on public works projects in the colony.This thesis expands our knowledge of how the convict system operated in Western Australia, especially how it differed from that used in Australia’s eastern colonies. It highlights the integral part that the Royal Engineers had in the convicts’ training, a role not previously investigated. The examination of how ticket--‐of--‐leave men (convicts out on parole) were utilised by private settlers indicated that there were considerable flow--‐on effects for the private citizen, not just for public projects. In particular, the research has shown that the skills gained by the convicts while erecting government colonial buildings were of direct benefit to the settlers. One important and far--‐reaching benefit was the substitution of brick for rammed earth or wattle and daub.Finally, the thesis used an archaeological methodology to analyse and compare two groups of buildings; those constructed before 1850 and those constructed after 1850. This use of archaeological methods to analyse standing structures is considerably under--‐utilized in Western Australia.
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Medlock, Erica Leigh. "Preparing inmates for community re-entry : an employment preparation intervention /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10323.
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West, John Marcus. "Training offenders for life and work : an assessment of Texas' Project RIO (reintegration of offenders) /." View online, 2007. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/257/.
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Goldstein, Lea R. ""You have a lot of time to think in here" : incarcerated males and their expectations for the future /." Norton, Mass. : Wheaton College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/8392.
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Higgs, Annette Lesley. "On a Bright Hillside in Paradise: The Christian Brethren amongst the settlers on the north-west coast of Tasmania in the 1870s." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28154.
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On A Bright Hillside in Paradise is a novel set in north-west Tasmania in the 1870s when Christian Brethren evangelists reached an isolated farming community. Exploration of this moment provides an opportunity to illuminate the psychic state of the white settlers and their relationship to the landscape. These back-blocks communities have rarely been considered seriously, and are sometimes even derided. The Christian Brethren themselves are often assumed to be a secretive sect, or even a cult, but the evangelists of the 1870s and their converts were part of the so-called Open Brethren movement and called themselves simply “Christians”. This project uses fiction and literary techniques to redress these omissions and misunderstandings.
The dramatic spiritual conversion of the settlers was a strange moment which seemed in some way to energise their sense of community. Archives and historical records reveal insights about the nature of the people and why they might have been so affected by the revival message. But these communities and experiences remain little known in wider Australian culture.
Therefore, to create a fictional world which would illuminate this community my research engages with historical sources and commentary, with the work of theorists such as Tony Hughes-d’Aeth, Paul Carter, Gerry Turcotte, Ken Gelder and Jane Jacobs, and the work of historians James Boyce and Grace Karskens; and makes a close examination of Tasmanian novelist Richard Flanagan’s Death of a River Guide. The exegesis also documents the search for a suitable literary structure, as well as the challenge of depicting the charged affect of a religious revival.
The settlers in the novel were colonisers who displaced the Indigenous inhabitants, raising questions of illegitimacy, erasure, and overlapping occupation of spaces. The research and practice of writing the novel therefore considers the overarching question of how to write relevant white settler fiction in Australia today.
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Hernandez, Jacquelynne. "Slaves and convicts: a comparative study of the black family in two socially oppressive institutions." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1988. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3338.
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The primary result of this study is to offer conclusive evidence in support of the contention that the black family concerned itself with survival, even under the most oppressive conditions. This study is limited to the state of Georgia during two specific era---1850 to 1860 and 1898 to 1908. It is composed of four chapters. The first chapter serves as an introduction. It is devoted to the historical backdrop of the events that resulted in the acceptance of slavery in the colony of Georgia. It also describes the conditions that were necessary after slavery had run its course legally in the state of Georgia, that made the convict lease system an acceptable alternative to the plantation system after Emancipation. The second chapter presents the arguments of those who supported both slavery and the lease system as well as those who opposed each system. Some social historians considered the impact that such systematic oppression had on the black family. Others only disliked slavery because of the economic implications. Opinions from both verbal camps are included.
The contents of the third and fourth chapters focus on the evidence offered by those directly involved in slavery and the convict lease system of Georgia. The descriptions of the effect that each system had on the family are made available as evidence of the rate of survival of the black family under each system. Because the black slave or convict serves as descriptor, the slave testimonials, plantation records, state hearings, lease company records, farm records, and oral histories reveal the connection and distinction between both systems and how the black family fit into each of the socially oppressive institutions cited.
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Кедровська, Г. О. "Особливості ресоціалізації колишніх засуджених до умов сучасного соціуму." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/20973.
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Кедровська, Г. О. Особливості ресоціалізації колишніх засуджених до умов сучасного соціуму : магістерська робота: 231 Соціальна робота / Г. О. Кедровська; керівник роботи Децюк Т. М. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра соціальної роботи. – Чернігів, 2020. – 92 с.Магістерська робота присвячена обґрунтуванню проблеми ресоціалізації колишніх засуджених в Україні. Після відбування покарань колишнім засудженим доводиться заново включатися в процес суспільного життя, шляхом повторного засвоєння соціального досвіду, норм, ролей, звикнути до нових суспільних вимог, соціально-психологічної атмосфери в соціумі, сім’ї, налагодити ефективну взаємодію з оточуючими та засвоїти нові форми спілкування. Вивчення особливостей, технологій, чинників ресоціалізацїї, визначення рівня ресоціалізації колишніх засуджених дозволить в повній мірі розкрити основні аспекти процесу та розробити актуальні практичні рекомендації. У першому розділі магістерської роботи проаналізовано теоретичні аспекти поняття ресоціалізація колишніх засуджених, визначено технології соціальної роботи з колишніми засудженими та розглянуто зарубіжний та вітчизняний досвід допомоги колишнім засудженим. У другому розділі магістерської роботи представлено емпіричне дослідження та критерії, чинники та показники ресоціалізації колишніх засуджених. У третьому розділі на основі виявлених чинників, розроблені практичні рекомендації, щодо здійснення ресоціалізації колишніх засуджених в Україні, які представлені у вигляді програми ресоціалізації.
The master's thesis is devoted to substantiating the problem of resocialization of former convicts in Ukraine. After serving their sentences, former convicts have to re-engage in the process of social life by relearning social experience, norms, roles, get used to new social requirements, socio-psychological atmosphere in society, family, establish effective interaction with others and learn new forms of communication. . The study of features, technologies, factors of resocialization, determination of the level of resocialization of former convicts will allow to fully reveal the main aspects of the process and to develop relevant practical recommendations. The first section of the master's thesis analyzes the theoretical aspects of the concept of resocialization of former convicts, identifies technologies of social work with former convicts and considers foreign and domestic experience in helping former convicts. The second section of the master's thesis presents an empirical study and criteria, factors and indicators of resocialization of former convicts. In the third section, based on the identified factors, practical recommendations for the resocialization of former convicts in Ukraine, which are presented in the form of a resocialization program.
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KARSKENS, Grace. "THE ROCKS AND SYDNEY: SOCIETY, CULTURE AND MATERIAL LIFE 1788-C1830." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/405.
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This study explores the early history of Sydney's Rocks area at two levels. First, it provides a much-needed history of the city's earliest, oldest-surviving and best-known precinct, one which allows an investigation of popular beliefs about the Rocks' convict origins, and which challenges and qualifies its reputation for lowlife, vice and squalor. Second, by examining fundamental aspects of everyday life - townscape, community and commonality, family life and work, human interaction and rites of passage - this study throws new light on the origins of Sydney from the perspective of the convict and ex-convict majority. Despite longstanding historical interest in Sydney's beginnings, the cultural identity, values, habits, beliefs of the convicts and ex-convicts remained largely hidden. The examination of such aspects reveals another Sydney altogether from that presented by governors, artists and mapmakers. Instead of an orderly oupost of empire, a gaol-town, or a 'gulag', the Sydney the Rocks represents was built and occupied largely according to the tastes, priorities and inclination of the people, with relatively little official regulation or interference. While the Rocks appeared 'disorderly' in the eyes of the elite, it nevertheless functioned according to cultural rules, those of the lower orders - the artisans, shopkeepers, publicans, labouring people, the majority of whom were convicts and ex-convicts.
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KARSKENS, Grace. "THE ROCKS AND SYDNEY: SOCIETY, CULTURE AND MATERIAL LIFE 1788-C1830." University of Sydney, History, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/405.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the early history of Sydney's Rocks area at two levels. First, it provides a much-needed history of the city's earliest, oldest-surviving and best-known precinct, one which allows an investigation of popular beliefs about the Rocks' convict origins, and which challenges and qualifies its reputation for lowlife, vice and squalor. Second, by examining fundamental aspects of everyday life - townscape, community and commonality, family life and work, human interaction and rites of passage - this study throws new light on the origins of Sydney from the perspective of the convict and ex-convict majority. Despite longstanding historical interest in Sydney's beginnings, the cultural identity, values, habits, beliefs of the convicts and ex-convicts remained largely hidden. The examination of such aspects reveals another Sydney altogether from that presented by governors, artists and mapmakers. Instead of an orderly oupost of empire, a gaol-town, or a 'gulag', the Sydney the Rocks represents was built and occupied largely according to the tastes, priorities and inclination of the people, with relatively little official regulation or interference. While the Rocks appeared 'disorderly' in the eyes of the elite, it nevertheless functioned according to cultural rules, those of the lower orders - the artisans, shopkeepers, publicans, labouring people, the majority of whom were convicts and ex-convicts.
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Yip, David Chi-wai, and 葉志偉. "An exploratory study on social service needs of ex-offenders." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31248305.
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Веремієнко, Я. Ю. "Чинники ресоціалізації осіб, які звільняються з місць позбавлення волі." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/20890.
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Веремієнко, Я. Ю. Чинники ресоціалізації осіб, які звільняються з місць позбавлення волі : магістерська робота: 231 Соціальна робота / Я. Ю. Веремієнко ; керівник роботи Коленіченко Т. І. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра соціальної роботи. – Чернігів, 2020. – 97 с.В сучасних умовах кожного року зростає показник злочинів, і перед самою державою стоїть найважливіше завдання, і саме воно полягає на вирішення боротьби із даним суспільним небезпечним явищем для суспільства, так із його попередженням. У вітчизняній практиці покарань є деякі підстави щоб стверджувати, що сама держава не вживає ніяких ефективних заходів для того, щоб хоча б нейтралізувати ці негативні наслідки, вимушеного примусу, і ще й досі держава не створила механізм для управління ресоціалізацією засудженого. У першому розділі, описано головний аспект у соціальній роботі із засудженими є підготовка до звільнення, так як це є системою заходів для вирішення таких питань як побутовий та трудовий пристрій, і також передбачає їх психологічну, етичну, правову підготовку у допомозі у відновленні та розвитку соціально корисливих зв’язків ув’язненого. В другому розділі роботи виявлено, що всі засуджені мають проблеми різного характеру. Найбільш типовими проблемами для більшості засуджених є працевлаштування та отримання освіти, проблеми з відновлення та оформлення документів та проблема з визначенням місця проживання. Також дуже гострим стоїть питанням взаємовідносин засуджених зі своєю родиною. Тому, для задоволення цих потреб, повинна проводитися комплексна робота, яка буде враховувати всі явні проблеми при виході засудженого на волю. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів дослідження виявляється в тому що: Уточнено поняття: “адаптація”, “ресоціалізація”, “ресоціалізація засуджених”, в основі яких лежить розходження між важливістю та доступністю ціннісних орієнтацій для осіб які відбули покарання у місціях позбавлення волі. розроблено засади створення програми соціально-психологічної допомоги особам які відбули покарання, яка враховує їх цінності в житті.
In modern conditions, the crime rate is growing every year, and the state itself faces the most important task, and it is to solve the fight against this socially dangerous phenomenon for society, as well as its prevention. In the domestic practice of punishment there are some grounds to claim that the state itself does not take any effective measures to at least neutralize these negative consequences of coercion, and the state has not yet created a mechanism to manage the re-socialization of the convict. The first section describes the main aspect of social work with convicts is preparation for release, as it is a system of measures to address issues such as housing and work, and also provides their psychological, ethical, legal training to assist in the restoration and development of social selfish connections of the prisoner. In the second section of the work it was found that all convicts have problems of different nature. The most typical problems for most convicts are employment and education, problems with renewal and paperwork, and problems with determining residence. The issue of the convicts' relationship with their families is also very acute. Therefore, to meet these needs, comprehensive work should be carried out, which will take into account all the obvious problems in the release of the convict. The scientific novelty of the obtained research results is that: The concepts of “adaptation”, “resocialization”, “resocialization of convicts” have been clarified, which are based on the difference between the importance and accessibility of value orientations for persons who have served their sentences in prisons. the principles of creating a program of social and psychological assistance to persons who have served their sentences, which takes into account their values in life, have been developed.
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Sorenson, Dana B. ""Expert alchemists"? the challenges of governmental funding of faith-based ex-offender reentry programs /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 115 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605134011&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Erbe, Joanne Marie. "Spirituality: The effects on female inmates and recidivism." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2681.
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This study examined the effects of the spiritual component of rehabilitation on female inmates who were in custody during 2002 at the Larry D. Smith Correctional Facility (LDSCF) and how church attendance relates to recidivism.
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Foxhall, Katherine. "Disease at sea : convicts, emigrants, ships and the ocean in the voyage to Australia, c. 1830-1860." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2711/.
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This thesis explores the relationship between migration and disease in c.1830 – c.1860. Each chapter questions how convicts, emigrants and the surgeons who accompanied them thought about disease and in turn how disease changes how we understand migration historically. It is a study of the creation of medical knowledge across the geographical space of the voyage to Australia and emphasises an understanding of disease as a mental and physical interaction between humans and their environment. The thesis argues that this understanding allowed migrants and colonists to see disease at sea as a test of migrants’ and convicts’ fitness to colonise. The point of departure for this thesis is that the Australian sailing voyage provides a unique and prolonged tension between shipboard confinement and global movements through ever-changing, often extreme, oceanic climates. From this premise, six individual chapters follow the trajectory of the voyage from Britain to Australia. These chapters analyse individual disease such as cholera, fevers, scurvy and consumption, as well as deepening our understanding of the tropics and quarantine by rethinking these histories through a maritime dynamic. Throughout, the thesis analyses evidence in convict and emigrant ship surgeons’ journals, migrants’ diaries and published medical literature as its primary source material, supplemented by government reports and contemporary newspapers. Collectively, the chapters of the thesis connect conventionally separate histories of medicine, convict transportation, colonial emigration, and British welfare and prison reform. By exploiting a uniquely maritime tension between shipboard confinement and global migration, the thesis provides a new way to understand the persistence of ideas about the relationship between people, environment, migration and disease in the modern period.
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Chan, Kam-wa, and 陳錦華. "Attitudes of Hong Kong legislators towards crime and punishment: an exploratory study on the post-releasesupervision of prisoners ordinance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978009.
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Devereaux, Simon. "Convicts and the state, the administration of criminal justice in Great Britain during the reign of George III." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27910.pdf.
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Hightower, Edward O. "Convicted and railroaded: Rufus B. Bullock and Georgia convict leasing, 1868-1871." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2011. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/281.
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This is an examination of Governor Rufus B. Bullock and his management of the state’s convict lease system between the years of 1868-187 1, a period associated with Radical Reconstruction before the introduction of the “New South” era. Georgia’s majority black convict population was leased out to private railroad companies under Bullock’s Administration. They experienced harsh and brutal treatment at times, and even death. Many were arrested for minor offenses and handed excessive sentences, which provided a consistent and dependable cheap labor force. This labor resource was exploited in rebuilding Georgia’s rail system to foster trade. The study uses primary and secondary sources to ascertain Bullock’s culpability in a penal system so heinous that it rivaled slavery itself. Bullock abandoned the ideals of the Republican Party, which advocated liberty for all men, and acquiesced to the principles of industrialism and capitalism, clinging to the tenets of “free labor” at the expense of Georgia’s newly freed slaves. The implications of this study point to why Reconstruction failed and it excavates the etiology of contemporary penitentiary trends.
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Chan, Fu-sai, and 陳孚西. "A study of the lifestyle of drug abusers with a history of crime convictions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978277.
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Hutcherson, Donald Tyrone. "Street dreams the effect of incarceration on illegal earnings /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1218205841.
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Howard, Nikki D. ""I'm not as bad as I seem to be" understanding the identities of female ex-offenders /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1243873133.
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Chan, Kin-chung Mathias. "The halfway house program in Hong Kong corrections : the case of Phoenix House /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12840592.
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Hamilton, Zachary. "Do reentry courts reduce recidivism? results from the Harlem Parole Reentry Court /." [New York, N.Y.] : Center for Court Innovation, 2010. http://www.courtinnovation.org/_uploads/documents/Reentry_Evaluation.pdf.
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Title from title screen (viewed April 17,2010)."March 2010." "The Harlem Parole Reentry Court was established in June of 2001 in response to the high concentration of parolees returning to the East Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan. Created by the Center for Court Innovation in cooperation with the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services and the Division of Parole, the Reentry Court provides intensive judicial oversight, supervision and services to new parolees during the first six months following release from state prison. The goal of the program is to stabilize returning parolees in the initial phase of their reintegration by helping them to find jobs, secure housing, remain drug-free and assume familial and personal responsibilties. Following graduation, participants are transferred to traditional parole supervision, where they may continue to receive case management services voluntarily through the Reentry Court." -- Executive summary. "The Reentry Court seems to have had a positive effect with regard to preventing new crimes as measured by rearrests and reconvictions. However, participants were found to have higher rates of revocations. In particular, program participants were more likely to be revoked for technical violations of parole conditions. Given the lower caseload and greater intensity of the program, it is assumed that :"supervision effects" are partially responsible for the higher rate of technical violations. In other words, the Harlem Parole Reentry Court may be detecting violations that might otherwise have gone unnoticed. This suggests that reentry courts may want to explore enhancing the use of alternative sanctions in lieu of revocation. Furthermore, reentry courts should explore the possibility of providing greater feedback to parole officers and case managers, making them aware of potential unintended consequences when supervision is increased." -- Executive summary. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-40).
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Blasdale-Clarke, Heather Evelyn. "Social dance and early Australian settlement: An historical examination of the role of social dance for convicts and the 'lower orders' in the period between 1788 and 1840." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/121495/1/Heather_Clarke_Thesis.pdf.
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This is the first comprehensive survey of social dance in the Australian colonies in the period between 1788 and 1840. The thesis investigated the convict and 'lower order' dance culture through extensive historical research combined with a series of workshops. It indicated that dance was a significant factor in the lives of the 'lower orders' and convicts in the early colony. Dance was a pastime that brought people together, gave hope and good cheer in the harshest of situations, allowed a temporary escape from troubles and encouraged people to put aside grievances. This practice-led research revealed important insights into the relevance of dance in the past, present and future.
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Malone, Alicia J. "Bondage Breakers a model for performing aftercare services after incarceration /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Pralgauskienė, Birutė. "Nuteistųjų grįžimo į darbo rinką realijos: nuteistųjų perspektyva." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130614_092930-54245.
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Nuteistasis, išėjęs į laisvę iš įkalinimo įstaigos, dėl subjektyvių ir objektyvių priežasčių, susiduria su įvairiais sunkumais: neturi darbo, būsto, jo išsilavinimas dažniausiai būna menkas, prarasti kai kurie socialiniai įgūdžiai, artimieji, vengdami naštos bei visuomenės pasmerkimo, nutraukia socialinius ryšius su nuteistaisiais. Nuteistieji jaučia socialinę atskirtį bei visuomenės pasmerkimą, kuris pasireiškia kaip stigma. Tikėtina, jog praradę viltį bei pasitikėjimą nuteistieji yra linkę nusikalsti pakartotinai. Įsidarbinimas ir parama padeda formuotis teigiamam nuteistųjų požiūriui į save ir nepasiduoti stigmos įtakai, taip padidinant savo įsidarbinimo galimybes.
Tyrimo objektas - asmenų grįžusių iš įkalinimo įstaigų įsidarbinimo galimybės.
Tyrimo tikslas - atskleisti prieštaravimus tarp formaliai apibūdinamos nuteistųjų grįžimo į darbo rinką situacijos ir realios nuteistųjų padėties.
Rengiant darbą atliktas kokybinis tyrimas.
Tyrimo rezultatai Buvusių kalinių integracija į visuomenę – aktuali Lietuvos socialinė problema. Laisvėje kaliniai susiduria su daugeliu problemų, kurių sprendimas susijęs su psichosocialiniais aspektais, pasireiškiančiais kaip nuteistųjų stigma, trikdanti jų saviidentifikaciją ir integraciją į visuomenę. Išejus į laisvę nuteistieji dažnai stigmatizuojami, priskiriant jiems išankstinius stereotipinius vaidmenis ir savybes. Visuomenės reakcija daugeliu atvejų priklauso nuo ankstesnio nuteistojo gyvenimo būdo, patirties ir paties nuteistojo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The convicted, released rom prison, because of the subjective and objective reasons, is facing with various challenges: out of work, home, his education is often poor, he loose the social skills and relationships. There is a social exclusion and condemnation of the convict in the society, which manifests as a stigma. It is likely that the loss of hope and confidence makes the prisoners to commit crimes again. Employment and support helps to shape a positive attitude towards prisoners themselves and to resist the influence of stigma, thereby increasing their employability. The object of research – the possibilities of the convicts employment. The aim of research – to disclose the contradictions between the formal description of convicts return to the labor market situation and the actual situation. The ground of the work is qualitative research. The results of research: the integration of former prisoners into society – is the actual problem in the Lithuania. The former prisoners are facing many problems, which relates with the psychosocial aspects of the expression of condemnation stigma disturbing their self-identification and integration into society. After his release inmates are often stigmatized as through pre-stereotypical roles and features. Public reaction in most cases depends on the previous convict lifestyle, experience and the personal position of the convicts. The successful integration depends on the convicts autonomy, initiative and motivation. Family is... [to full text]