Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Convert documents to hypermedia documents'

COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Nos últimos anos, tem crescido a demanda por aplicações hipermídia, as quais relacionam objetos de áudio, vídeo, texto, imagem, etc. no tempo e no espaço. Uma aplicação hipermídia é especificada formalmente em um documento. É comum agrupar um conjunto de aplicações estruturalmente ou semanticamente similares entre si como uma família de documentos. Modelos conceituais para autoria hipermídia são usados como base para a especificação de documentos, mas eles não são satisfatórios para definir famílias de documentos. Este trabalho apresenta um método para a autoria hipermídia baseado na identificação dessas famílias e sua instanciação visando a criação de novos documentos. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é a definição de uma linguagem para a especificação de famílias de documentos, chamada TAL (Template Authoring Language), a qual é empregada no método proposto. TAL se apóia principalmente na extensão do conceito de composição, habitualmente presente em modelos hipermídia. Em TAL, composições podem ser incompletas, com alguns de seus elementos internos propositalmente deixados em aberto e com regras restringindo a forma como esses elementos ausentes podem ser inseridos na composição. Para se chegar a essa linguagem, um estudo empírico foi realizado investigando a aprendizagem e o emprego de Nested Context Language (NCL). A escolha de NCL se deu por ela se basear em um modelo com composicionalidade que pode ser estendido para atender a famílias de documentos, e por ela ser empregada na autoria de documentos hipermídia e passível de ser usada por perfis profissionais diversos e não apenas programadores. Assim, uma terceira contribuição naturalmente decorrente deste trabalho é oferecer diretrizes para a evolução de NCL, em especial aperfeiçoando sua usabilidade.
In the past years, it has increased the demand for hypermedia applications, which relate objects of audio, video, text, images, etc. in time and space. A hypermedia application is formally specified in a document. It is usual to group a set of applications structurally and semantically similar to each other as a documents family. Conceptual models for hypermedia authoring are the basis for documents specification, but they are not satisfactory to define documents families. This work presents as contribution a method for hypermedia authoring based in the identification of these families and their instantiation in order to create new documents. This method addresses the hypermedia document authoring as a social practice, where specialist authors collaborate to help and to ease the task of less skilled authors. Another contribution of this work is to define a language for the specification of these documents families, named TAL (Template Authoring Language), which can be applied in the proposed method. TAL relies mainly on extending the concept of composition, usually present in hypermedia models. In TAL, compositions can be incomplete, with a few of its internal elements purposely left undefined and with restriction rules on how these missing elements may be included in the composition. In order to achieve this language, an empirical study was conducted investigating the learning and use of Nested Context Language (NCL). The choice of NCL relies on the fact that it is based in a compositional model that can be extended to specify documents families, and because it is used by various professional profiles and not just programmers in the hypermedia document authoring. Thus, a third contribution due to this work is to provide guidelines to NCL evolution, especially improving its usability.

Nous etudions dans cette these le probleme de la gestion de documents hypermedia. Les aspects generaux de la gestion de documents electroniques sont d'abord analyses pour parvenir a la definition des fonctionnalites obligatoires que tout systeme de gestion de documents hypermedia (sgdh) se doit de respecter. Les propositions de cette these, notamment dans l'optique base de donnees, aboutissent a la proposition d'un modele de donnees et d'un modele de traitement avec son interface pour le sgdh heterodoc (acronyme de documents heterogenes). Le modele de donnees oriente objet d'heterodoc propose des solutions pour la modelisation de documents hypermedia dans quatre dimensions elementaires: la dimension logique, la dimension physique, la dimension reactive (dynamique de la presentation) et la dimension historique (gestion de versions). Les objets comportent alors des donnees inherentes pour ces quatre dernieres dimensions. Nous definissons ensuite trois processus du modele de traitement et leurs interfaces: le processus de structuration de types, le processus de restitution et le processus de navigation. Le processus de structuration specifie un langage de donnees oriente icone base sur le paradigme de representation hypermedia. Le processus de restitution presente les documents hypermedia a l'ecran comme des groupes de frames comportant des relations spatiales pre-definies. Le processus de navigation, grace a la proposition de plusieurs browsers, autorise l'exploration aussi bien au niveau des schemas qu'au niveau des occurrences

Hypermedia applications can be defined as collections of interactive multimedia documents that are organized as a hypertext net. The variety of application domains and the complexity of the relationship among the application components make the design and development of these hypermedia applications a difficult process. Hypermedia design models help designers to complete their conceptualization tasks, provide a conceptual understanding of hypermedia systems and defining the relationships among system components. However, when existing document models are used, features such as logging, error handling, access control and personalized view generation are notoriously difficult to implement in a modular way. The result is that the code related to these features is tangled across a system, which leads to quality, productivity and maintenance problems. In this thesis, we provided an aspect-oriented approach to design and develop hypermedia documents. A general aspect-based document model is defined to support the separation of concerns related to the features previously described. As a result, each feature is modularized as a different aspect and, in this way, the "tangling code" problem is solved. We have also applied the general document model in a concrete case study combining DOM and AspectJ. The resulting implementation provided a new prototype dealing with many features defined as aspects such as access control, logging, view generation, annotation and dynamic event handling.

Cette these propose une methodologie de conception de documents hypermedia qui s'appuie sur des bases formelles, appliquant dans ce but la technique de description formelle rt-lotos. Une des etapes essentielles dans la conception d'un document hypermedia correspond a la caracterisation de sa structure logique et temporelle. Cette structure est exprimee sous la forme d'un ensemble de regles de composition et de contraintes de synchronisation a satisfaire lors de la presentation du document, certaines de ces contraintes dependant directement d'interactions avec l'utilisateur. Une situation d'incoherence peut etre detectee lorsque l'ensemble des contraintes specifiees par l'auteur ne peuvent etre satisfaites pendant la presentation du document. Nous proposons alors une methodologie pour identifier l'occurrence d'incoherences temporelles, partant d'une specification formelle rt-lotos qui est derivee, de maniere automatique, de la structure logique et temporelle d'un document, exprimee par un modele auteur de haut niveau. A partir de cette specification formelle, un graphe minimal d'accessibilite peut etre engendre, sur lequel les proprietes de coherence du document peuvent etre ensuite verifiees. Un des problemes potentiels de cette methode de verification etant relatif a l'explosion combinatoire de l'espace d'etats, nous avons developpe une methode d'agregation permettant de remplacer la specification detaillee d'un nud compose coherent par un nud agrege plus simple et temporellement equivalent au nud compose. Finalement, nous avons egalement montre la possibilite d'ordonnancer effectivement la presentation d'un document hypermedia prouve coherent, en partant du graphe minimal d'accessibilite obtenu lors de la phase de verification, permettant ainsi de fermer le cycle de vie (specification, verification et implementation) de la conception d'un document hypermedia en s'appuyant sur une methode formelle.

Os hiperdocumentos manipulados pelos sistemas hipertexto clássicos não podem ser utilizados em outro sistema ou plataforma. O padrão HyTime, uma extensão de SGML, constitui um esforço para permitir que documentos hipermídia e multimídia possam ser descritos em termos de sua estrutura e conteúdo e, desse modo, ser utilizados por quaisquer sistemas conformantes. Esse trabalho investiga os recursos para especificação de hiperdocumentos hipermídia de HyTime, em particular, aqueles providos por um Minimal hyperlinking HyTime document, uma classe de documentos definida pelo padrão. Como resultado deste trabalho, algumas estruturas tradicionais da literatura sobre hipertexto foram especificadas em um DTD através de construtores HyTime, um sistema básico hipermídia para autoria e apresentação dessas estruturas foi modelado, e a codificação da apresentação dessas estruturas através de applets Java foi implementada para que elas possam ser utilizadas no ambiente da WWW.
Classic Hypertext Systems have defined their documents so that they cannot be interchanged between systems or platforms. HyTime is an ISO standard, built as an extension of SGML, defined so as to allow the specification of multimedia and hypermedia documents to be made in terms of their stucture and contents ⎯ as a result hyperdocuments can be interchanged among any HyTime conforming systems. The work reported in this dissertation investigates what sort of documents are those conforming to Minimal hyperlinking HyTime documents. As a result, the work presents (a) the specification of a DTD that allows constructors supported in several classic hypertext systems, (b) the architecure of a conforming hypermedia environment and (c) a Java implementation for the constructors specified - so that the underlying classic hypertext structure can be made available in a open distributed hypermedia system such the WWW.

This item is not the definitive copy. Please use the following citation when referencing this material: Vaughan, M. and Dillon, A. (1998) The role of genre in shaping our understanding of digital documents. Proc. 61st Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science. Medford NJ: Information Today Inc., 559-566. Abstract: Interacting with documents in the digital domain is challenging many of our notions about discourse and its boundaries. Hyperlinked documents on the World Wide Web defy easy categorization and evaluation - making the role and value of digital documents difficult to assess. Most importantly, in such fluid and complex environments it is difficult to understand the nature of the interaction between users and information resources. This paper argues that notions such as navigation are limiting our understanding of these complex information spaces. Instead, what is needed is a broader framework of analysis that can embrace these concepts, and incorporate extended issues relating to shared understanding, relevance, and style. In the present paper we explore the utility of the intersection of genre theory and cognitive psychology in providing a meaningful framework for analysis and design purposes. In so doing we report the results of our latest research into the elements of genre that influence users of digital documents and provide examples of the usefulness of this analysis in web-based environments.

The fundamental question that this study set out to investigate was: Can the advantages of hypermedia be extended to curriculum materials that are for the sole use of teachers? To consider this question, three areas needed to be investigated: hypermedia (the medium); teachers (the target) and curriculum documents (the content). Hypermedia has a long history dating back to Bush (1986) who in 1945 imagined his Memex system as building information trails between ideas. However, it was not until the mid 1980s that technology caught up with the theory and hypermedia came of age. The evaluation of hypermedia documents is still in its infancy and design standards are still being formlulated. Social acceptability and usability will be of major concern in the evaluation process of hypermedia. Therefore this study needed to investigate whether this medium of presentation is socially acceptable to teachers? Advances in Information Technology (IT), both in hardware and software in the last few years have brought the potential of hypermedia to the personal computer (PC). Information, be it text, sound, graphics or video, or a mixture of these, can now be presented on the same screen and the movement between screens can be seamless. The movement between screens is no longer limited to sequential movement as it is when the information is presented in a hard copy form, but can be randomly accessed. This access allows the user to move about the information as they would move about within their own minds, that is, by association. Already commercial hypermedia products are being produced for the education and "leisure" markets. Teachers' work loads are increasing, as they take on more curriculum responsibilities, while at the same time, information is expanding at a rapid rate. The challenge today is to encourage teachers to use new information technology to overcome these problems. However, since their inception into schools fifteen years ago, computers have not delivered the results that had been expected of them. Can the access to hypermedia curriculum documents help teachers to lessen their work load and encourage them to use IT? Firstly, it is important to consider whether curriculum materials for teacher use are suitable for hypermedia presentation. The literature indicated that textual materials that are not meant to be read sequentially like a novel, arc suitable to be presented in hypermedia form. At present, curriculum materials for teachers contain the content in hard copy form but the presentation is lacking in quality. This hard copy material is expensive, hard to correct and slow to update. Hypermedia offers the potential to overcome these limitations and to provide easy access to much more information. This new medium could allow teachers for the first ti.me to truly integrate their teaching programme by enabling them to access multiple curriculum documents. The methodology used in this study was based on two types of descriptive research, survey and correlation methods. The target population for this study was all K-7 teachers using the Western Australia Mathematics syllabus within Western Australia. The instrument was a mailed survey questionnaire that consisted of five parts. The first part consisted of collecting personal data such as age and gender. The second part was the Computer Attitude Scale (CAS), designed by Loyd and Gressard (1984), and was used to measure attitudes towards learning and using computers. The third part consisted of questions that asked teachers for their views and impressions on the social acceptability and utility of the present hard copy. The fourth part consisted of questions on computer experience and use, both in and outside the classroom. The final part consisted questions on the likely acceptance and usefulness of a hypermedia copy of the syllabus. This study found that the likely medium-based anxiety for this type of application is low for the teachers sampled, with 70 percent indicating that they were likely to accept this type of application. The findings indicated that the acceptance rate increased as the teachers' positive attitude towards computers increased. Teachers that rated themselves competent at using a computer were also more likely to accept this type of application. Time spent using a computer at school showed that teachers who frequently use them at least several times a week were more likely to accept this type of application. The study also found that the majority of teachers sampled considered the ability to link the syllabus to other teaching material was very useful. Many of the problems identified by the teachers sampled concerning the usability of the present hard copy could be overcome using a hypermedia version.

L'adoption des techniques de structuration, et notamment de la norme d'echange sgml, bouleverse completement les chaines de production et d'exploitation de documentation technique. Un probleme essentiel se pose : le stockage et la manipulation d'un fonds documentaire sgml c'est a dire d'une tres grande quantite de donnees sgml. Ces donnees sont concurremment accedees par divers utilisateurs a des fins d'edition, de recherche, de modifications les modes d'acces et de manipulation sont directement bases sur la structure sgml de ces donnees. L'objectif de cette these est d'etudier et de concevoir une structure d'accueil, support du stockage et de la manipulation de tels fonds documentaires. Cette problematique est traitee, non seulement de maniere generale, mais aussi dans le contexte particulier de la documentation technique avions. Ce travail vise egalement a preparer l'evolution vers une documentation hypermedia et donc a concevoir une structure d'accueil de documentation structuree hypermedia. Nous montrons, a ce sujet la necessite d'evoluer vers la norme hytime et presentons les principes retenus pour cette evolution. Notre approche vise a definir un modele conceptuel pour cette structure d'accueil qui soit a la fois complet par rapport au modele d'echange sgml/hytime et generique par rapport aux dtds traitees. Nous proposons un modele base sur le concept d'arbre abstrait esis. Notre strategie pour evoluer vers une structure d'accueil hypermedia est basee sur trois regles fondamentales : _ une modelisation en deux etapes : modelisation des concepts hypermedia sgml, puis enrichissements pour les concepts hytime. _ un decoupage du modele en deux sous-modeles : syntaxique et semantique. _ la specification d'une phase d'interpretation hypermedia afin d'instancier le modele semantique, par interpretation des donnes syntaxiques. Un prototype, construit sur le sgbdoo o2, a ete developpe en cooperation avec la direction des etudes et des recherches de edf.

 This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the process of converting existing paper -based publications into computer -based hypermedia documents. The study was conducted in cooperation with the Sugar Research Institute (SRI) on a part-time basis between March 1992 and September 1995.

 An SRI publication on the subject of cane mud filtration was converted to hypermedia form using iterative design methods which involved testing prototypes early in the course of development and making refinements based on feedback from SRI staff, information technology professionals and potential users of the system. The purpose of the exercise was to develop a set of guidelines for converting other SRI publications into hypermedia documents. These guidelines, which are presented in this thesis, focus on activities such as: 

selecting the document to be converted to hypermedia form;

selecting the development and delivery platform; selecting the authoring system;

gathering content for inclusion in the hypermedia document; defining the structure of the hypermedia document; 

creating storyboards; 

mastering development tools; designing the user interface and navigation system; 

working with the basic elements of multimedia (text, graphics, sound, video and animation);

  developing prototypes; 

and conducting useability tests. 

Recommendations are made to SRI for the adoption of hypermedia as a means of communicating the results of its research and development activities to sugar industry personnel.   

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
資訊工程學系
90
The research issues on multiple media correlation have arisen with more and more integrated multimedia applications. The multimedia correlation is used to cooperate different media and facilitate cross-media access. This thesis presents our work on two types of multimedia correlation: explicit and implicit relations. We develop a system to carefully capture explicit relations and devise some computed synchronization processes to discover implicit relations between media objects. The proposed computed synchronization techniques, including speech-text alignment process in temporal domain, automatic scrolling process in spatial domain, and content dependency check process in content domain, will be addressed. Experimental results show that in the speech-text alignment process 80% of forced alignment are in-sync even the speech recognition accuracy is as low as 25%. The automatic scrolling process effectively maintains a resynchronization mechanism in different displaying environments. The computed synchronization processes described in this thesis could be applied in cross-media access or extended to facilitate multimedia retrieval. These processes have been integrated into the Web-based Synchronized Multimedia Lecture system, an on-line multimedia system that serves the entire campus of National Chi-Nan University.

This item is not the definitive copy. Please use the following citation when referencing this material: Dillon and Vaughan (1997) It's the journey and the destination: Shape and the emergent property of genre in digital documents. New Review of Multimedia and Hypermedia, 3, 91-106. Introduction: To anyone versed in the literature on hypermedia, it is clear that the last 10 yearsâ worth of research on usability since Conklinâ s (1987) seminal article has largely been ignored by web designers. Surfing web sites even casually will likely expose a user to screens of badly formatted text, superfluous graphics, mixed fonts, unreadable color combinations, and dangling or dead links. While the issue of knowledge transfer between research disciplines and design practice is fraught with problems and is a fascinating topic in and of itself (see e.g., Klein and Eason, 1993), this is not the focus of the present paper. Instead we wish to extend work that started with the birth of hypertext systems and continues to demand attention in these days of free-for-all web design: the evaluation of user behaviour in electronic space. Specifically, this paper will extend the analysis of â user navigationâ to the evaluation of user behaviour in web environments.