Journal articles on the topic 'Conversation'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Conversation.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Conversation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rahayu, Endry Sri Rahayu Sri, and Safnil . "TYPES OF IMPLICATURE IN INFORMAL CONVERSATIONS USED BY THE ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS." JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics & Literature) 1, no. 1 (February 4, 2018): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joall.v1i1.3942.
Full textAbstract:
Implicature was refers to implied meaning in utterance that can be understood by indirectly expression. In informal conversation was occurred the hidden meaning of what actually said by the speakers. This study was investigated the types of implicature in informal conversations used by the English education study program students. The study was aimed to analyze the types of implicature and how the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations. The method of study was a descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of this study were 25 students of English study program who have informal conversation. The students’ conversation was transcribed and analyzed by using checklist instrument. The results was shown that 1) there were three types of implicature found in the informal conversations; conventional implicature, generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature, and 2) the implicature is carried out in the informal conversations by the used of generalized conversational implicature and particularized conversational implicature. Moreover, a conclusion is students in the informal conversation have potentially implicature that indicates that their utterance has implied meaning. The suggestions, the study about implicature should be conducted in different area such as movie, drama or others, to give enrichment information in the Pragmatics study.
2
Musa, Rabab Elsheikh Idris, and Bahia K. Mohammed. "The Role of Conversational Implicature in Daily Conversations – What Matters, Content or Context?" Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 5 (May 4, 2022): 886–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1205.08.
Full textAbstract:
In daily conversation, sometimes dialogue includes terms that vary entirely from the common phrases. From a linguistic perspective, the conversational implicatures are the speaker's intended meaning of the utterance. Conversation implications are the specific conversations between the speaker and the receiver by following the communications principles. It is the most significant component that has undergone argumentation in conversation theory. Grice's theory of dialogue inference is the possibility of providing meaning to the literal. In other words, people apply certain cooperative principles to communicate cooperatively. Thus, conversational implicatures have become one of the top research areas in pragmatics. This paper intends to explore the importance of conversational implicatures in day-to-day conversations in various contexts. It focuses on certain dialogues collected and integrated from the routine conversation. The outcome revealed that context plays a vital role in interpreting utterances. Therefore, there is no possibility of a complete correspondence of one utterance to one context, which shows the conversational implicature cannot be context-independent. In addition, dialogues were classified into Generalized, Scalar, and Particular conversational implicatures.
3
Wylie, Karen, Hayley M. Carrier, Andreas M. Loftus, Ramishka Thilakaratne, and Naomi Cocks. "Barriers and Facilitators to Conversation: A Qualitative Exploration of the Experiences of People with Parkinson’s and Their Close Communication Partners." Brain Sciences 12, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070944.
Full textAbstract:
Conversations are an important part of our daily lives, enabling us to interact with others and participate in a range of activities. For people with Parkinson’s, conversation can be challenging when communication is impacted. This qualitative exploratory study investigated the experiences of people with Parkinson’s and their close communication partners in conversations. The study explored influences on conversational participation, considering perceived barriers and facilitators to participation in conversation for people with Parkinson’s. Interviews were conducted with eight dyads, with participants interviewed both jointly and separately (24 interviews). Five themes revealed that conversation appears to be influenced not only by the communication skills of the person with Parkinson’s, but also by factors associated with the communication partner, the complex nature of conversations, the communication environment, and the impact of experience in shaping participation in conversation. Specific barriers and facilitators to conversational participation were identified. This study offers important insight into the lived experience of people with Parkinson’s affected by communication difficulties. The findings support the notion that it is more than simply the communication skills of the person with Parkinson’s that influence conversations. It is important that other factors influencing conversational success should be included in interventions supporting communication for people with Parkinson’s.
4
Anggrarini, Natalia. "CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE ANALYSIS OF TEXT MESSAGE BETWEEN NATIVE SPEAKR AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE SPEAKER OF ENGLISH." Wiralodra English Journal 1, no. 1 (September 8, 2017): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/wej.v1i1.17.
Full textAbstract:
In this global era, it is possible to do communication with native speaker of English. Thus, the need to master communicative competence of English communication is needed. Beside face to face communication, people are also need to be able to communicate in different way, such as chat via mobile phone. It is used to call as Short Message Service or SMS. This study is aimed to know the kinds of conversation that happened in their short text message for a month. The classification of conversation is according to the Grice (1975) the formulation of Cooperative Principle in which it is classified into Generalized Conversation Implicature and Particularized Conversational Implicature. The method used in this study is Descriptive Qualitative. It is used to interpret the data according to the conversational classification. The result of this study shows that 81. 25 % the conversations are classified into Generalized Conversational Implicature, and 18. 75% conversations are classified into Particularized Conversational Implicature.
5
Fakhriani, Zummia. "Hasan Minhaj’s Spontaneous Conversational Humor in Patriot Act." Journal of Literature, Linguistics, & Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2023): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/lilics.v2i1.2905.
Full textAbstract:
Grice's maxim of conversation becomes the main condition for a complete and ideal conversation. Spontaneous conversational humor is used in communicating with others, in light conversations with relatives, and in a broader public space, such as television shows and radio broadcasts. This linguistic phenomenon is often used as a speaker strategy in criticizing an action of an individual that is distorted but narrated in the form of humor that invites the audience's laughter. The researcher analysed Hasan Minhaj’s and his audience's spontaneous conversational humor in this study. Methodologically, the researcher adopted Grice's pragmatics study on the Theory of Cooperative Principle (1975), which aimed to make conversations cooperative. The researcher collected the data from Hasan Minhaj and his audience's utterances from September 2, 2019, to November 11, 2019. 21 data in the form of spoken transcripts containing spontaneous conversational humor, analysed by Martin's theory of spontaneous humor categorization (2007), which also contained non-observances (floating) based on the principle of conversation proposed by Grice (1975). The results showed that Hasan Minhaj deliberately and spontaneously expressed humorous conversations on his TV show "Patriot Act", which flouted the cooperative principle in conversation (Grice, 1975). The spontaneous conversational humor outlined by Hasan Minhaj in a broad outline showed that it aimed to criticize and comment on government policies that had violated the rights of the citizens. This study significantly contributed to expanding spontaneous conversational humor studies in linguistics.
6
Joty, S., G. Carenini, and R. T. Ng. "Topic Segmentation and Labeling in Asynchronous Conversations." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 47 (July 22, 2013): 521–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.3940.
Full textAbstract:
Topic segmentation and labeling is often considered a prerequisite for higher-level conversation analysis and has been shown to be useful in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. We present two new corpora of email and blog conversations annotated with topics, and evaluate annotator reliability for the segmentation and labeling tasks in these asynchronous conversations. We propose a complete computational framework for topic segmentation and labeling in asynchronous conversations. Our approach extends state-of-the-art methods by considering a fine-grained structure of an asynchronous conversation, along with other conversational features by applying recent graph-based methods for NLP. For topic segmentation, we propose two novel unsupervised models that exploit the fine-grained conversational structure, and a novel graph-theoretic supervised model that combines lexical, conversational and topic features. For topic labeling, we propose two novel (unsupervised) random walk models that respectively capture conversation specific clues from two different sources: the leading sentences and the fine-grained conversational structure. Empirical evaluation shows that the segmentation and the labeling performed by our best models beat the state-of-the-art, and are highly correlated with human annotations.
7
Daraškienė, Inga, and Inga Hilbig. "Conversational strategies in children’s talk." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 12 (January 15, 2019): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2019.17231.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this article is to investigate linguistic and non-linguistic conversational strategies and their realisations, employed by five year olds in peer interactions. 5 hours and 49 minutes of recorded children’s talk were used for the analysis. The data were processed using Transana software, and qualitative conversation analysis was applied. The analysis reveals that children are more inclined to use conversational strategies that motivate cooperation and solidarity rather than competition or dominance in a conversation. Dialogues mostly involve comments and questions, followed by repetitions of both speaker’s own or the interlocutor’s words. Jokes are also used to maintain or restart conversations and to support or restore friendly relationships. Strategies that break the symmetry of conversation are rarely applied. The conversation is sometimes interrupted when opposing the partner or establishing a leader role. Silence as a conversation strategy also serves to communicate disagreement with partner’s statements. Overall, the research subjects appear to be pragmatically competent interlocutors, adhering to the main principles of adult conversation: able to wait for their turn in conversation, choose and change its topic appropriately, involve the interlocutor in it or regain his/her attention if needed, and solve communicational break-downs and conflicts. However, the results presented are to be confirmed by further studies and through more various child-to-child conversations.
8
Kim, Yeo Jin, Hye Yeong Jeong, Hui-Chul Choi, Jong-Hee Sohn, Chulho Kim, Sang-Hwa Lee, Joon Soo Shin, et al. "Effect of right hemispheric damage on structured spoken conversation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): e0271727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271727.
Full textAbstract:
Patients with right hemisphere damage (RHD) occasionally complain of difficulties in conversation. A conversation is a type of communication between the speaker and listener, and several elements are required for a conversation to take place. However, it is unclear which of those elements affect communication in patients with RHD. Therefore, we prospectively enrolled 11 patients with right hemispheric damage due to acute cerebral infarction, within 1 week of onset. To evaluate patients’ conversational abilities, we used a structured conversation task, namely, the “Hallym Conversation and Pragmatics Protocol”. The topics of conversation were “family”, “leisure”, and “other/friends”. The conversation characteristics were classified according to three indices: the “conversational participation index”, “topic manipulation index”, and “conversational breakdown index”. Patients with RHD were compared with 11 age-, sex-, and years of education-matched healthy adults. The most common site of damage in the patients with RHD was the periventricular white matter. There was no significant difference in performance between the two groups according to the conversation participation index and in the discontinuance rate assessed with the conversational breakdown index. However, patients with RHD showed a lower topic maintenance rate and higher topic initiation and topic switching rates, according to the topic manipulation index. Therefore, we explored the characteristics of impaired conversation abilities in patients with RHD by assessing their ability to converse and manage topics during structured conversations, and found difficulties with pragmatics and communication discourse in these patients.
9
Widiyati, Elok. "THE FEATURES OF INTERRUPTING, COLLABORATING, AND BACKCHANNELLING USED BY BROADCASTER AND CALLER IN TELEPHONE CONVERSATION." EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.1.1.1-16.
Full textAbstract:
Conversational analysis is a part of conversational structure that manages people's communication. It deals with pragmatics. Some of the conversational structures consist of features in interrupting, collaborating, and backchannelling (Celce-Murcia, 1995: 14). This research was intended to analyze how the three features were applied in the English conversation by broadcasters and callers in English Corner Program. This research was qualitative. The data consisted of eight conversations. The data were collected through the following steps: recording, transcribing, selecting, and reporting. Then, they were analyzed with conversational approach drawn on Celce Murcia (1995). It was revealed that the broadcasters and callers in the eight conversations used the features of interrupting, collaborating, and backchanneling. They did not fully perform common English expressions and gambits. However, they tended to perform the simpler and easier ones. This implied that the participants have not known the appropriate expressions. Based on the result of this research, it was concluded that the conversations in this study were less structured and patterned. It was suggested for the readers who learn about conversational structure, that they should pay attention not only to the linguistic components, but also the pragmatics in which the English conversation takes place, including participant, context, and topic of a conversation.
10
Abbas, Irfan, Khalid Ahmed, and Muhammad Asad Habib. "Conversation Analysis: A Methodology for Diagnosing Autism." Global Language Review VII, no. II (June 30, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2022(vii-ii).01.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examines the conversational turn-taking patterns in autist-neurotypical talk. The objective of the study is to find out the distinctive features of autist-normal conversations. This study is cross-sectional, descriptive and qualitative in its nature. Recordings are done in anautism center in Lahore for a period of ten days. It is mainly a qualitative study in its nature. Five autistic children of different ages are selected from an autism center in Lahore. The data for the study is collected through video recording of the conversations between autists and speech therapists. The sample is selected through convenient sampling and analysis is done by following the methods of conversation analysis. The results of the analysis highlight certain distinct features of autist child-therapist talk which are not observed in the normal ordinary conversation. However, there is not a total violation of the conversation rules on the part of autists. Moreover, the findings of the research show that conversational patterns in autist-normal conversation are also affected by the chronological age of the autists. Finally, the research concludes that conversation analysis can be used as a tool for the identification of autism.
11
Contreras Fernández, Josefa. "Conversational silence and face in two sociocultural contexts." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 707–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.18.4.07con.
Full textAbstract:
This article aims to examine the relation between conversational silence and face and to identify communicative behaviour related to silence in Spanish and German. To this end, I will first briefly explain the concepts of conversation, culture and silence, as well as the concept of face. Second, I will analyse verbal and non-verbal activities of silence in transactional and colloquial conversations in Spanish and German conversation. Perceptions and conceptions of conversational silence rely on the situational context and, especially, on the face of each speech community. Therefore, depending on the social context and the characteristics of face in each culture, silence is considered as forming part of conversation.
12
Ellag, Menatalla K., Jinyu Qian, Ieda Ishida, and Ewen MacDonald. "The impact of remote microphones and facial masks on speech production and conversational behaviors in hearing-impaired individuals." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (March 1, 2024): A341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027757.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the acoustics and conversation behavior of the speech produced during conversations among groups of hearing-impaired individuals. Four groups of four hearing-impaired individuals, all using hearing aids, engaged in discussions on provided topics in the presence of background noise. Conversations were held in four conditions based on two factors (using versus not using a remote microphone; wearing versus not wearing a face mask). Analysis of recorded conversations focused on speech production measures (e.g., fundamental frequency, articulation rate, formant frequencies, etc.) and conversational behaviors (e.g., inter-pausal unit length, floor-transfer offsets, turn duration, etc.). Although both influence the potential difficulty of holding a conversation, distinct effects of mask, remote microphone, and their interaction were observed for measures of speech production and conversational behaviors.
13
Nishfullayli, Sa'idatun, Lea Santiar, and Harni Kartika Ningsih. "Discourse Structure Analysis of Making Request in Japanese Conversation." JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang 8, no. 2 (December 25, 2023): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/japanedu.v8i2.61548.
Full textAbstract:
Making requests (irai) is a genre of spoken interaction that is taught from the basic level of learning Japanese as a foreign language. A request is one of the speech acts that may raise face-threatening potentials. Understanding the stages of request appropriate to Japanese culture is thus essential for Japanese learners to achieve successful conversation. Therefore, conversation pedagogy by using a discourse approach is essential. This study investigates a potential structure gap in Japanese making-requests conversations realized in actual settings and textbook conversational models. By employing genre theory and interpersonal discourse of “Negotiation” as a qualitative discourse analytic method from the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) perspective, this paper describes the gaps and some factors that potentially influence the structure of Japanese making-request conversation. Data were obtained from conversational texts in the Japanese language corpus named Japanese Natural Conversation Corpus and Japanese textbooks for elementary and middle adult learners. Regarding the structure, the results show no difference between conversations in textbooks and authentic ones at the stage level, but both differ at the phase level. There is no introduction to the problem, additional explanation, and confirmation phases in textbook conversational models. In addition, the absence of the phases, the differences in pre-condition content between textbook and authentic conversations, also the length of the reasoning phase, are assumed to be influenced by relational status between participants (tenor) as well as the imposition degree of the requested object.
14
Dipta, Dinar. "Conversation Analysis as a Discourse Approach to Teaching Speaking Skill." JETLe (Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning) 1, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jetle.v1i1.7718.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Conversation comes as two ways communication used in daily activities. The large numbers of conversations lead some researchers to analyze it. Conversation has been the primary interest to language researchers since natural, unplanned, everyday conversation is the most commonly occurring and universal language genre (Riggenbach, 1999). Conversation is a speech activity in which all members of a community routinely participate. Among other approaches to discourse analysis used in teaching speaking, conversation analysis (CA) is one of the convenient practical devices in teaching oral English in the classroom. This paper aims to explore the theoretical basis for conversational analysis and examine the techniques applying a discourse approach to teaching speaking in the classroom.</p>
15
Yuan, Jiaqing, and Munindar P. Singh. "Conversation Modeling to Predict Derailment." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 17 (June 2, 2023): 926–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v17i1.22200.
Full textAbstract:
Conversations among online users sometimes derail, i.e., break down into personal attacks. Derailment interferes with the healthy growth of communities in cyberspace. The ability to predict whether an ongoing conversation will derail could provide valuable advance, even real-time, insight to both interlocutors and moderators. Prior approaches predict conversation derailment retrospectively without the ability to forestall the derailment proactively. Some existing works attempt to make dynamic predictions as the conversation develops, but fail to incorporate multisource information, such as conversational structure and distance to derailment. We propose a hierarchical transformer-based framework that combines utterance-level and conversation-level information to capture fine-grained contextual semantics. We propose a domain-adaptive pretraining objective to unite conversational structure information and a multitask learning scheme to leverage the distance from each utterance to derailment. An evaluation of our framework on two conversation derailment datasets shows an improvement in F1 score for the prediction of derailment. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of incorporating multisource information for predicting the derailment of a conversation.
16
Gurney, Nikolos, George Loewenstein, and Nick Chater. "Conversational technology and reactions to withheld information." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 11, 2024): e0301382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301382.
Full textAbstract:
People frequently face decisions that require making inferences about withheld information. The advent of large language models coupled with conversational technology, e.g., Alexa, Siri, Cortana, and the Google Assistant, is changing the mode in which people make these inferences. We demonstrate that conversational modes of information provision, relative to traditional digital media, result in more critical responses to withheld information, including: (1) a reduction in evaluations of a product or service for which information is withheld and (2) an increased likelihood of recalling that information was withheld. These effects are robust across multiple conversational modes: a recorded phone conversation, an unfolding chat conversation, and a conversation script. We provide further evidence that these effects hold for conversations with the Google Assistant, a prominent conversational technology. The experimental results point to participants’ intuitions about why the information was withheld as the driver of the effect.
17
Saifudin, Akhmad. "Implikatur Percakapan dalam Studi Linguistik Pragmatik (Conversational Implicature in Pragmatic Linguistic Studies)." JALABAHASA 16, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36567/jalabahasa.v16i1.423.
Full textAbstract:
Tulisan ini membahas implikatur percakapan, yakni sebuah studi dalam ilmu linguistik pragmatik yang mengkaji maksud penutur dalam percakapan. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan apa itu implikatur percakapan, bagaimana mengidentifikasi dan memaknai implikatur, serta mengapa penutur menggunakan implikatur dalam tuturannya. Untuk mengkaji permasalahan digunakan teori Grice tentang prinsip kerja sama (PK), maksim percakapan (MP), dan implikatur percakapan. Data percakapan diperoleh dari observasi percakapan natural antara penulis dan mahasiswa, serta percakapan di antara mahasiswa yang terjadi di lingkungan kampus. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada dasarnya dalam setiap percakapan digunakan implikatur. Implikatur digunakan bukan karena tidak ingin bekerja sama dalam percakapan, tetapi ada alasan yang lebih diprioritaskan dan alasan tersebut tidak dapat mematuhi semua maksim dalam MP. Implikatur percakapan digunakan untuk tujuan efisiensi verbal, pengalihan tanpa berbohong, kesopanan, dan tujuan estetika, serta ironi. This paper discusses the conversational implicature, which is a study in pragmatic linguistics that examines the intent of speakers in conversation. The purpose of this paper is to describe what the conversational implicature is, how to identify and interpret the implicature, and why do speakers want to engage in implicature. To study the problem Grice's theory of the cooperative principle, maxims of conversation, and the conversational implicature are used. Conversation data is obtained from observations of natural conversations between writers and students, as well as conversations between students that occur on campus. The results of the analysis show that basically in every conversation the implicature is used; The implicature is used not because they do not want to cooperate in conversation, but because there are prioritized reasons and those reasons cannot comply with all maxims in maxims of conversation. The conversationalimplicature is used for the purpose of verbal efficiency, misleading to lying, politeness, and aesthetic purposes, as well as irony.
18
Abdulla, Ismail Abdulrahaman, and Suhayla H. Majeed. "A Pragmatic Analysis of Some Quranic Verses in Light of Grice's Cooperative Principle." Journal of University of Human Development 5, no. 3 (July 29, 2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n3y2019.pp127-133.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper is an attempt to evaluate the applicability of Grice’s Co-operative Principle and Conversational Maxims, as one of the outstanding models in Pragmatics, to some selected Quranic conversations. Grice’s model is regarded as template for the flow of conversations and interactions held between people. Quran, as a Holy Text in Islam, contains many speech events, i.e., situations wherein conversations take place. In the stories narrated in Quran, there are situations in which, as the ordinary life of the human beings, participants converse with one another. In this study , the researchers examine the applicability of the conversation model of Grice to the Quranic conversations. To this end, the researchers have quoted some verses from Quran, first in Arabic along with their translations in English , and analysed them in light of Grice’s model of conversation analysis. Findings indicate that in the Quranic conversations there are occasions where the maxims of conversation are observed and in some other cases not observed. This fact attests the universality of Grice’s model.
19
Qin, Zhen (Luther). "Conversational Breakdown Detector for a Motivational Interviewing Conversational Agent." IJournal: Student Journal of the Faculty of Information 9, no. 1 (December 19, 2023): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/ijournal.v9i1.42237.
Full textAbstract:
A conversational breakdown in human-chatbot interaction refers to a disruption or failure in the communicative flow between the human user and the chatbot. To recover a disrupted conversation, the first step is to detect the breakdown. Researchers have proposed methods using supervised learning and semi-supervised learning in dialogue systems to achieve the goal of detecting conversational breakdown. However, few studies have focused on detecting breakdowns in automated therapeutic conversations, especially conversations led by motivational interviewing chatbots. The presence of conversational breakdowns has negative impacts on the human-chatbot interaction, such as frustration, dissatisfaction, or loss of trust. This gap suggests a need to build a robust and efficient conversational breakdown detector that recognizes interruptions during the conversation. Conversational breakdown detection paves the way for further action to recover conversations. In this paper, I develop a novel, unifying framework called “CIMIC” for characterizing the conversational breakdowns of “MIBot,” a motivational interviewing conversational agent for smoking cessation. I collect 200 pieces of conversational data through Prolific and annotate them using the CIMIC framework with a group of four trained annotators. The annotated dataset is then applied as the training set to fine-tune GPT-3 models to build a conversational breakdown detector for the MIBot.
20
Sanjaya, Sonda, Meira Anggia Putri, and Arsyl Elensyah Rhema Machawan. "Gender Based Conversation Topics of Japanese Native Speakers on Contact Situations with Japanese Learners of Indonesia: First-Time Meeting Encounter." Chi'e: Journal of Japanese Learning and Teaching 11, no. 2 (October 29, 2023): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/chie.v11i2.72284.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to observe the trends in the categories and types of topics raised by male and female Japanese speakers in conversations with contact situations (with Indonesian speakers) at the first meeting. The conversation is conducted via roleplay in the Japanese language with two settings: a conversation at a cultural exchange event at a university in Indonesia (first setting) and a conversation on a train in Indonesia (second setting). The experiment involved 20 groups consisting of 10 male conversation groups and 10 women's conversation groups. Each group consists of one Japanese-speaking student and one Indonesian-speaking student. Conversations were conducted online using ZOOM and were recorded by researchers. Conversation topics were collected using the conversational engagement-free listening technique and the note-taking technique, in which the researcher listened to the recorded conversations and recorded the topics raised by Japanese speakers. From the data obtained, it is known that male and female Japanese speakers, both in the first and second settings, mainly raise topics related to the Indonesian-Japanese situation and culture. Topics in the category of personal information are also often raised by male and female Japanese speakers in both the first and second settings. In addition, judging from the number of types of topics and the number of occurrences of topics, female Japanese speakers tend to focus less on specific topics. In contrast, male Japanese speakers tend to focus on specific topics.
21
Joty, Shafiq, Giuseppe Carenini, Gabriel Murray, and Raymond Ng. "Supervised Topic Segmentation of Email Conversations." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 5, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v5i1.14198.
Full textAbstract:
We propose a graph-theoretic supervised topic segmentation model for email conversations which combines (i) lexical knowledge, (ii) conversational features, and (iii) topic features. We compare our results with the existing unsupervised models (i.e., LCSeg and LDA), and with their two extensions for email conversations (i.e., LCSeg+FQG and LDA+FQG) that not only use lexical information but also exploit finer conversation structure. Empirical evaluation shows that our supervised model is the best performer and achieves highest accuracy by combining the three different knowledge sources, where knowledge about the conversation has proved to be the most important indicator for segmenting emails.
22
Davies, Katherine. "Heidegger’s Conversational Pedagogy." Research in Phenomenology 52, no. 3 (September 26, 2022): 399–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691640-12341507.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Between 1944 and 1954, Heidegger wrote five dialogues – or conversations – that stage philosophical discussions. I argue these texts develop a yet unacknowledged Heideggerian pedagogy of conversation. From the characters he conjures to the topics of their discussions, Heidegger underscores the importance of teaching and learning differently in each conversation and shapes his own pedagogical sensibility. Each text uniquely elaborates a particular element of his pedagogy, including the importance of attending to attunement, making mistakes, coming together in community, poetic interpretation, and the dangers of conversational language itself. Only in reading the conversations together does Heidegger’s conversational pedagogy emerge. Above all, the teacher must resist assuming an authoritative role with her students; the Heideggerian teacher must learn to silently gesture toward the locale of the question-worthy by preserving its alterity.
23
Adlakha, Vaibhav, Shehzaad Dhuliawala, Kaheer Suleman, Harm de Vries, and Siva Reddy. "TopiOCQA: Open-domain Conversational Question Answering with Topic Switching." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 10 (2022): 468–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00471.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In a conversational question answering scenario, a questioner seeks to extract information about a topic through a series of interdependent questions and answers. As the conversation progresses, they may switch to related topics, a phenomenon commonly observed in information-seeking search sessions. However, current datasets for conversational question answering are limiting in two ways: 1) they do not contain topic switches; and 2) they assume the reference text for the conversation is given, that is, the setting is not open-domain. We introduce TopiOCQA (pronounced Tapioca), an open-domain conversational dataset with topic switches based on Wikipedia. TopiOCQA contains 3,920 conversations with information-seeking questions and free-form answers. On average, a conversation in our dataset spans 13 question-answer turns and involves four topics (documents). TopiOCQA poses a challenging test-bed for models, where efficient retrieval is required on multiple turns of the same conversation, in conjunction with constructing valid responses using conversational history. We evaluate several baselines, by combining state-of-the-art document retrieval methods with neural reader models. Our best model achieves F1 of 55.8, falling short of human performance by 14.2 points, indicating the difficulty of our dataset. Our dataset and code are available at https://mcgill-nlp.github.io/topiocqa.
24
Mengis, Jeanne, and Martin J. Eppler. "Understanding and Managing Conversations from a Knowledge Perspective: An Analysis of the Roles and Rules of Face-to-face Conversations in Organizations." Organization Studies 29, no. 10 (October 2008): 1287–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840607086553.
Full textAbstract:
This article presents a discussion on the role of face-to-face conversations for social knowledge processes and sense making in organizations. Given the importance attributed to conversations in the literature, but also the many conversational routines that prevent knowledge creation and sharing, the question pursued is how conversations can be managed to foster developments in organizational knowing. We particularly focus on the role of explicit rules as one means to manage conversations from a knowledge perspective and analyse contributions from knowledge management, organizational learning, decision making and change management. In order to refine and systemize the discussion on the multitude of conversation rules, we propose a management framework by drawing on communication theory. Implications for management as well as future directions for research on conversation management conclude the article.
25
Ellag, Menatalla K., Kate Avison, and Ewen MacDonald. "The effect of task on speech production and conversation behavior during conversation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (March 1, 2024): A341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027758.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate how native-English, healthy-hearing individuals adapt their speech production and conversation behavior in the presence of noise and how this can vary based on conversational goal. Pairs of participants engaged in both free-form conversations as well as conversations based on solving a task (a “spot the difference” task using the Diapix UK pictures). Although seated in separate rooms, talkers could communicate via headset microphones and headphones with gains set to simulate levels that would be present if they were seated in the same room. The effects of task and noise on measures of speech production (e.g., articulation rate, speech level, etc.) and conversational behaviors (e.g. floor transfer offsets, turn length, etc.) are investigated. These results provide insights into how to infer listening effort via acoustical measures of communication in a broader range of settings.
26
Akhmad Sofyan, Riantino Yudistira, Muta’allim, Fahmi Reza Alfani, and Abdul Azizul Ghaffar. "The Analysis of Conversational Implicature Between Students and Teachers at Al-Azhar Islamic Boarding School." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/jr.8.1.4042.65-72.
Full textAbstract:
Pesantren is an environment that is very well known as religiousness in which there are several rules that must be obeyed by teachers and students. The purpose of this discipline is to build humanist relationships. This study aims to uncover and describe the meanings and types of conversational implicatures contained in the conversations of teachers and students at the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Al-Azhar Islamic boarding school. This study uses data analysis. Qualitative methods are methods that aim to obtain descriptive data. The data in this study are conversational implicatures that transcribed into written text. Data were collected using selection, description and verification techniques. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptivewhich is based on Siswantoro's theory. The results of this study indicate that there are four types of conversation implicatures, namely general conversation implicatures, scaled implicatures, special conversation implicatures and conventional implicatures.
27
Rabaab Elmahady Musa, Osman, Sarvanan subaiah, and Sharifa Bahia Afrin Mohammed. "Investigating the Importance of Conversational Implicature and Violation of Maxims in Daily Conversations." Arab World English Journal 13, no. 2 (June 24, 2022): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no2.8.
Full textAbstract:
According to linguistic theory, conversational Implicature (CI) is the original intent of the speech expressed by a speaker. The assumption is that both the speaker and the receiver understand and respect the communication rules. In conversation theory, this is the significant component that has been the subject of discussion. This study investigates the importance of CI in various contexts of daily conversations. The focus of this study is to identify the violation of Grice’s theory in the conversation. There is a shortcoming in literature to investigate CI in everyday conversations. Moreover, some studies focussed on specific discussions, which led to a literature gap. The study’s outcome will assist researchers in exploring new ideas in conversational implicatures. In addition, it reveals the shortcomings of the usage of implicatures. In this study, the researchers analyzed a set of 77 daily conversations. The study showed that context is critical in determining the meaning of a person’s thoughts. In addition, the finding suggests that particularized CI are primarily employed in daily conversations.
28
Pramono, Firdanianty, Djuara P. Lubis, Herien Puspitawati, and Djoko Susanto. "COMMUNICATION PATTERN AND FAMILY TYPOLOGY OF HIGH SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN BOGOR." Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia 2, no. 1 (June 15, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v2i1.85.
Full textAbstract:
Family communication does not occur randomly, but it is patterned by a particular scheme through two communication behavior: a conversation orientation and conformity orientation. The purpose of this study was to analyze communication patterns and typology of the family in adolescents from high schools in Bogor. The research was conducted by survey at six high schools in Bogor. Total respondents were 372 students, consisting of 206 females and 166 males aged 15-18 years old. The result: as much as 50.5% adolescents enter a high category of the orientation conversation and 49.5% as low categories. In conformity orientation, mostly teenagers (73.7%) categorized as high and 26.3% as low categories. The study also charted four types of families, those are 46.2% of consensual (high on conversational and conformity level); 4.3% of pluralist (high in conversation but low in conformity); 27.4% of protective (conversation level is low but high conformity) and 22.0% of non-interventionist (laissez faire) (low in conversational and conformity level). By gender, females are more often to have conversations with family and have higher conformiity than males.
29
Silvi, Nurus silvia. "Conversation CONVERSATION STYLE: ANALYZING TALK AMONG ‘’KICK ANDY'S TALK SHOW WITH THE FIVE TOWER STATE NOVEL'S AUTHOR’’ Abstrack The conversation analysis contained in the Talk Show Kick Andy video contains four topics, including the topic of conversation, the str." JournEEL (Journal of English Education and Literature) 4, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51836/journeel.v4i2.357.
Full textAbstract:
Abstrack
The conversation analysis contained in the Talk Show Kick Andy video contains four topics, including the topic of conversation, the structure of the conversation, the transfer of conversation, and the coherence of conversational discourse. On the topic of conversation, three topics were found, namely general topics, ongoing topics and real topics. Furthermore, in the conversation structure, the topic of conversation is found at the beginning of the conversation, the core of the conversation, and the end of the conversation. The conversational speech transfer contains two types of conversational speech transfer. The first is speech switching with an arranged turn, the second is a speech transfer with an automatic turn. The last conversation analysis is the coherence of conversational discourse. Cohesion is shown in the cohesion and coherence in the content of the conversation.
Keywords: conversation analysis, topic of conversation, change the conversation.
30
Borrie, Stephanie A., Tyson S. Barrett, Megan M. Willi, and Visar Berisha. "Syncing Up for a Good Conversation: A Clinically Meaningful Methodology for Capturing Conversational Entrainment in the Speech Domain." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 2 (February 26, 2019): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-18-0210.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Conversational entrainment, the phenomenon whereby communication partners synchronize their behavior, is considered essential for productive and fulfilling conversation. Lack of entrainment could, therefore, negatively impact conversational success. Although studied in many disciplines, entrainment has received limited attention in the field of speech-language pathology, where its implications may have direct clinical relevance. Method A novel computational methodology, informed by expert clinical assessment of conversation, was developed to investigate conversational entrainment across multiple speech dimensions in a corpus of experimentally elicited conversations involving healthy participants. The predictive relationship between the methodology output and an objective measure of conversational success, communicative efficiency, was then examined. Results Using a real versus sham validation procedure, we find evidence of sustained entrainment in rhythmic, articulatory, and phonatory dimensions of speech. We further validate the methodology, showing that models built on speech signal entrainment measures consistently outperform models built on nonentrained speech signal measures in predicting communicative efficiency of the conversations. Conclusions A multidimensional, clinically meaningful methodology for capturing conversational entrainment, validated in healthy populations, has implications for disciplines such as speech-language pathology where conversational entrainment represents a critical knowledge gap in the field, as well as a potential target for remediation.
31
Baik, Jeongyi, and Youngsan Goo. "A Study on Conversational Context Sensitivity Development Education." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 1179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.09.45.09.1179.
Full textAbstract:
This study focused on the context as the cause of communicators’ misunderstandings or insufficient grasps of events in conversations. We suggested that learners should actively and elaborately utilize the conversation context through classroom experiences dealing with conversational context. Contextualizing activity was highlighted as a constructive expressive and understanding act of learners, context sensitivity was presented as an object of the activity, and oral communication context for education was explored and displayed as a model. Continually, through conversation analysis in drama, we described characters who are and are not contextually sensitive: objective information about the interlocutor, information based on the relationship, background knowledge related to the conversation, and clues of conversation situation. Learners' doing contextualizing and cultivating context sensitivity with texts including authentic context, can help deepen their understanding of you and me, beyond understanding language and its mechanism.
32
Zhou, Hanru, and Qinglan Yu. "The Study of Opening and Closing of Conversations in Oral English Textbooks." Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2023.5.2.21.
Full textAbstract:
Language communication ability refers to the ability to use language in society. The acquisition of this ability by second language learners mostly relies on textbook dialogues adapted from real-life conversations. Therefore, whether scripted textbook conversations can help improve second language learners’ language communication ability should be taken seriously by the academic circle. This paper has analyzed all the conversational texts in the book Functioning in an Intercultural Community, using book1 and book2 as corpus and finds that there are deficiencies in the opening and closing of the conversation in the textbook. This study suggests that textbook compilers should improve the completeness, diversity, and colloquialism of the beginning and end of conversations, and teachers appropriately extend the form of the opening and closing of the conversation during the teaching process.
33
Watkinson, Neftali, Fedor Zaitsev, Aniket Shivam, Michael Demirev, Mike Heddes, Tony Givargis, Alexandru Nicolau, and Alexander Veidenbaum. "EdgeAvatar: An Edge Computing System for Building Virtual Beings." Electronics 10, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030229.
Full textAbstract:
Dialogue systems, also known as conversational agents, are computing systems that use algorithms for speech and language processing to engage in conversation with humans or other conversation-capable systems. A chatbot is a conversational agent that has, as its primary goal, to maximize the length of the conversation without any specific targeted task. When a chatbot is embellished with an artistic approach that is meant to evoke an emotional response, then it is called a virtual being. On the other hand, conversational agents that interact with the physical world require the use of specialized hardware to sense and process captured information. In this article we describe EdgeAvatar, a system based on Edge Computing principles for the creation of virtual beings. The objective of the EdgeAvatar system is to provide a streamlined and modular framework for virtual being applications that are to be deployed in public settings. We also present two implementations that use EdgeAvatar and are inspired by historical figures to interact with visitors of the Venice Biennale 2019. EdgeAvatar can adapt to fit different approaches for AI powered conversations.
34
Roaché, David, John Caughlin, Ningxin Wang, and Kimberly Pusateri. "The Presence of a Mobile Phone Does Not (Necessarily) Change the Fundamental Processes of Face-to-Face Relational Conflict." Human Communication & Technology 1, no. 2 (August 28, 2020): 36–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/hct.v1i2.13308.
Full textAbstract:
This study extends research examining the presence of mobile phones during interpersonal interactions into the context of serial arguments between dating couples. Fifty-eight dating couples (N = 116) had two 10-minute face-to-face serial argument conversations in a laboratory-controlled experiment when technology was either present or absent. The most salient findings were consistent with longstanding findings in the conflict literature: positive communication was associated positively with desirable outcomes (conversational satisfaction, perceived resolvability, and conversation effectiveness) whereas negative behaviors were inversely related to desirable conflict outcomes. Overall, results showed little evidence that the presence of a participant’s smartphone affected the quality of serial argument conversations, but biological sex moderated the impact of technology on conversation satisfaction and perceived conversation effectiveness, such that technology presence negatively impacted women more than men. These findings suggest that the presence of mobile phones does not fundamentally alter effective conflict engagement in general, but there are likely circumstances in which the presence of mobile phones is important.
35
Suteja, Ricka Putri. "INTERACTIONS IN CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN THREE PEOPLE IN PODCAST: A STUDY OF PRAGMATICS." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v5i2.4518.
Full textAbstract:
The interaction process between each party can affect the course of the conversation. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of podcast conversations and the communication style used between two interviewers and one resource person in Catatan Psikologi's podcast entitled Quarter Life Crisis. This study used qualitative methods with a conversational analysis (CA) approach as well as collaborative communication and competitive communication theories. The process of conversations transcription used the conventions written by Du Bois. The results showed minimal response phenomena, interruptions, and overlaps in the conversation, leading to collaborative communication both at the word and sentence. However, the collaborative communication style has a more significant emergence. Based on the analysis above, the parties involved in the communication tried to build togetherness and cooperation which can be seen in the narrative. When one speaker told a story, the others also participated in the conversation by providing minimal responses, showing sympathy, and also comments or opinions.
36
Armstrong, Elizabeth, and Lynne Mortensen. "Everyday Talk: Its Role in Assessment and Treatment for Individuals With Aphasia." Brain Impairment 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2006): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.7.3.175.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article discusses the significance of conversation in current clinical practice with individuals with aphasia and their conversation partners. It explores the nature of everyday talk, and provides an overview of how studies to date have examined the conversations of individuals with aphasia and have provided some promising treatment avenues. It also proposes another framework, Speech Function Analysis, that may assist further in incorporating conversational principles into the therapy context. The framework provides a system network for examining speech functions in dialogue, while considering the effects of both lexical and syntactic limitations, and context. Examples of conversations between three individuals with aphasia and their partners are used to illustrate the analysis. The authors suggest that further knowledge of both aphasic speakers' and their partners' interactions as well as clinician–client interactions may increase our insights into this area, and make authentic and meaningful conversation more accessible in the clinical situation and beyond.
37
Donawerth, Jane. "Conversation and the Boundaries of Public Discourse in Rhetorical Theory by Renaissance Women." Rhetorica 16, no. 2 (1998): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.1998.16.2.181.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: In the late Renaissance in England and France women appropriated classical rhetorical theory for their own purposes, creating a revised version that presented discourse as modeled on conversation rather than public speaking. In Les Femmes Illustres (1642), Conversations Sur Divers Sujets (1680), and Conversations Nouvelles sur Divers Sujets, Dediées Au Roy (1684), Madeleine de Scudéry adapted classical rhetorical theory from Cicero, Quintilian, Aristotle, and the sophists to a theory of salon conversation and letter writing. In The Worlds Olio (1655), Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, feminizes rhetoric by analogies from women's experience and inserts women into empiricist rhetoric by assuming discourse based on conversation rather than public speaking. In Women's Speaking Justified (1667), Margaret Fell revises sermon rhetorics, claiming preaching for women, but preaching in private spaces, in the Quaker prophetic fashion. In A Serious Proposal to the Ladies (1701), Mary Astell adapts Augustine, proposing a women's college to promote a “Holy Conversation”, and a rhetoric of written discourse treating writer and reader as conversational partners. These women use categories of the ideal woman to contest the gendering of discourse in their culture, questioning “private” and “public” as defining terms for communication.
38
Taylor-Rubin, Cathleen, Karen Croot, Emma Power, Sharon A. Savage, John R. Hodges, and Leanne Togher. "Communication behaviors associated with successful conversation in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 10 (June 8, 2017): 1619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217000813.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTBackground:Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) affects a range of language and cognitive domains that impact on conversation. Little is known about conversation breakdown in the semantic variant of PPA (svPPA, also known as semantic dementia). This study investigates conversation of people with svPPA.Methods:Dyadic conversations about everyday activities between seven individuals with svPPA and their partners, and seven control pairs were video recorded and transcribed. Number of words, turns, and length of turns were measured. Trouble-indicating behaviors (TIBs) and repair behaviors were categorized and identified as successful or not for each participant in each dyad.Results:In general, individuals with svPPA were active participants in conversation, taking an equal proportion of turns, but indicating a great deal of more trouble in conversation, shown by the significantly higher number of TIBs than evidenced by partners or control participants. TIBs were interactive (asking for confirmation with a shorter repetition of the original utterance or a repetition which included a request for specific information) and non-interactive (such as failing to take up or continue the topic or a minimal response) and unlike those previously reported for people with other PPA variants and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Communication behaviors of the partner were critical to conversational success.Conclusions:Examination of trouble and repair in 10-min conversations of individuals with svPPA and their important communication partners has potential to inform speech pathology interventions to enhance successful conversation, in svPPA and should be an integral part of the comprehensive care plan.
39
Kun Permatasari. "Aspek-aspek Pragmatik pada Percakapan dalam Dialog pada Novel Jepang dan Novel Terjemahannya." Sintaks: Jurnal Bahasa & Sastra Indonesia 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.57251/sin.v2i1.189.
Full textAbstract:
Conversations in a dialogue generally contain meanings and expressions based on the culture that exists in the spoken situation. The conversation itself contains a pragmatic aspect based on the culture. If a conversation occurs in a novel, it will follow the cultural rules based on the author, so that the pragmatic aspects that occur are based on the speech situation in the conversational culture. If the conversation is translated into a different language, of course, the cultural rules and pragmatic elements will also change, according to the culture and background of the translator. Therefore, in seeking pragmatic equivalence in a conversation in two different languages, it is related to the cultural situation of their respective languages. This study aims to describe pragmatic aspects of conversation in dialogue in translated novels and original novels in Japanese, which include: speech acts, implicatures, and maxims. This research uses a qualitative approach with content analysis methods in the realm of pragmatics, namely conversations in dialogues in novels from both languages. Furthermore, the results obtained that there are equivalences and deviations in the pragmatic aspects of the conversation in the novel, namely, equivalence and deviations in speech acts, equivalence and deviations in implicatures, and equivalence and deviations in the types of maxims. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the equivalence and deviation of pragmatic aspects occur in 5 types of speech acts, 2 types of implicatures and 4 types of maxims.
40
Dada, Racheal M. "The cultural conversational pattern of Ifemelu in Adichie’s Americanah." Tropical Journal of Arts and Humanities 4, no. 2 (2022): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47524/tjah.v4i2.59.
Full textAbstract:
In any culture of conversation, especially the African culture, any specific act of speaking is a reflection of an individual‟s personality system that is profitable for a cordial, comprehensive and conducive communicative exchange by the speakers. Conversation can be established and sustained on the basis of certain principles; these tenets are conceptualised in Hymes‟ Ethnography of communication. This research attempts to investigate the conversational pattern of the protagonist (Ifemelu) in Adichie‟s Americanah, using the S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. communication model by Dell Hymes‟ (1974) The researcher using stratified random sample collected ten (10) conversations of Ifemelu in the African novel from pages 74,88,116,121,20,205,179,438,443, and 502. These conversations are carefully in three dimensions which followed a pattern in their different spheres: when Ifemelu was in Nigeria, in America, and when she returned to Nigeria. The research shows the first sphere of Ifemelu‟s conversation as being naïve and uncertain of what she wanted out of life. The second sphere saw her as a focused and confident lady who is in control of her life. In the third sphere, she had grown into an institution. Her conversations were knitted with control, dominion, and satisfaction. The S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. model which is an acronym for SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, END, ACT SEQUENCE, KEY, INSTRUMENT, NORMS and GENRES is highly dependent in analysing the conversations. The research shows conversationalists model and agree on their stances, values, norms, and belief system through language and bringing it all to the table of conversation.
41
Varonis, Evangeline Marlos, and Susan M. Gass. "Miscommunication in native/nonnative conversation." Language in Society 14, no. 3 (September 1985): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500011295.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTIn this paper we discuss miscommunication in exchanges between native speakers and nonnative speakers of a language, focusing on an analysis of a service encounter telephone conversation between a nonnative speaker and a native speaker television repair shop employee. We present a goal-based model of conversation and a coding system for interpreting utterances, both of which are necessary for understanding the type of miscommunication which occurred in the conversation described herein. We argue that the lack of shared background on the part of the interlocutors interacted with their lack of shared linguistic code. In general, such interactions hinder successful communication and increase the probability that the miscommunication will not be recognized and thus not easily resolved. We show that a complete analysis of native/nonnative conversations must minimally invoke notions of correct interpretation, confidence in interpretation, goals of a conversation, shared beliefs, and linguistic as well as cultural systems. (Sociolinguistics, nonnative interactions, conversational analysis, American English)
42
Javeria Waleed, Irfan Abbas, and Samara Akram. "A Study of Relationship between Autists’ Conversational Abilities and GARS-3 Ratings." sjesr 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol5-iss3-2022(50-56).
Full textAbstract:
Autism is one of those very complex prevailing neurodevelopmental disorders which are very difficult to diagnose. Since the discovery of this disorder, researchers, working in the field of Autism, have been proposing different methodologies to diagnose Autism. These proposals have been coming from the multiple fields. The present study is an attempt to see how insights from the field of conversation analysis can help find a simpler and better method of diagnosing autism. The study contends that Autists’’ ability to construct conversational loops reciprocates to their ratings on the GARS-3 Scale. Firstly, Conversations between eight autistic children and their speech therapists are recorded, transcribed and analyzed by following norms of conversation analysis. Then these results are compared with participants’ ratings on GARS-3 scale. Findings of the study validate researcher’s claim that there do exist a lucid link between conversational abilities of the autists and their scores on the GARS-3 Scale. Through these findings the researcher proposes conversation analysis as a methodology for diagnosing autism.
43
Lei, Kehua, Mingrui Yu, Marissa Lewellen, Venus Ku, and David T. Lee. "Compass: Supporting Large Group Mentorship in a Chat-Based UI." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW1 (April 14, 2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3579470.
Full textAbstract:
While mentorship offers many benefits, student access to mentorship is often limited. In this paper, we introduce Compass, a chat platform where industry professionals mentor large cohorts of 30+ students with the support of novel features that enable full engagement without the typical chaos of group chat. Specifically, we conceptualize conversations as composed of not only individual messages, but also multi-person conversational units that collapse large numbers of small but related conversational exchanges into single conceptual units in the main dialogue. Doing so makes it possible to preserve a coherent linear flow of conversation while also supporting non-linear conversational exchanges that can be concisely summarized computationally and built on in the main conversation. We report on design lessons learned over a year of small real-world studies culminating in a final deployment in which 2 industry professionals successfully mentored 30+ students over a 10-week period. We find that both mentors and mentees find the chat UI effective and sometimes preferable, and discuss broader implications for the design of chat UI for large group conversations.
44
Yuan, Fengpei, Amir Sadovnik, Ran Zhang, Devin Casenhiser, Eun Jin Paek, and Xiaopeng Zhao. "A simulated experiment to explore robotic dialogue strategies for people with dementia." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 9 (January 2022): 205566832211057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20556683221105768.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Persons with dementia (PwDs) often show symptoms of repetitive questioning, which brings great burdens on caregivers. Conversational robots hold promise of helping cope with PwDs’ repetitive behavior. This paper develops an adaptive conversation strategy to answer PwDs’ repetitive questions, follow up with new questions to distract PwDs from repetitive behavior, and stimulate their conversation and cognition. Methods We propose a general reinforcement learning model to interact with PwDs with repetitive questioning. Q-learning is exploited to learn adaptive conversation strategy (from the perspectives of rate and difficulty level of follow-up questions) for four simulated PwDs. A demonstration is presented using a humanoid robot. Results The designed Q-learning model performs better than random action selection model. The RL-based conversation strategy is adaptive to PwDs with different cognitive capabilities and engagement levels. In the demonstration, the robot can answer a user’s repetitive questions and further come up with a follow-up question to engage the user in continuous conversations. Conclusions The designed Q-learning model demonstrates noteworthy effectiveness in adaptive action selection. This may provide some insights towards developing conversational social robots to cope with repetitive questioning by PwDs and increase their quality of life.
45
Yuan, Fengpei, Amir Sadovnik, Ran Zhang, Devin Casenhiser, Eun Jin Paek, and Xiaopeng Zhao. "A simulated experiment to explore robotic dialogue strategies for people with dementia." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 9 (January 2022): 205566832211057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20556683221105768.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Persons with dementia (PwDs) often show symptoms of repetitive questioning, which brings great burdens on caregivers. Conversational robots hold promise of helping cope with PwDs’ repetitive behavior. This paper develops an adaptive conversation strategy to answer PwDs’ repetitive questions, follow up with new questions to distract PwDs from repetitive behavior, and stimulate their conversation and cognition. Methods We propose a general reinforcement learning model to interact with PwDs with repetitive questioning. Q-learning is exploited to learn adaptive conversation strategy (from the perspectives of rate and difficulty level of follow-up questions) for four simulated PwDs. A demonstration is presented using a humanoid robot. Results The designed Q-learning model performs better than random action selection model. The RL-based conversation strategy is adaptive to PwDs with different cognitive capabilities and engagement levels. In the demonstration, the robot can answer a user’s repetitive questions and further come up with a follow-up question to engage the user in continuous conversations. Conclusions The designed Q-learning model demonstrates noteworthy effectiveness in adaptive action selection. This may provide some insights towards developing conversational social robots to cope with repetitive questioning by PwDs and increase their quality of life.
46
Bocerean, Christine, and Michel Musiol. "Mutual understanding mechanism in verbal exchanges between carers and multiply-disabled young people." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.19.2.01boc.
Full textAbstract:
The present article describes a study in which conversation analysis was used to investigate the verbal interactions between carers and profoundly multiply disabled young people. We examine the cognitive processes that come into play in conversations, and describe and analyze the interactional effects of pathologies on the cognitive processes involved in comprehension. We identify the rationality and reasoning processes to which the disabled person is susceptible, that is to say, that person’s cognitive efficiency, and the communication strategies employed by the “normal” interlocutor. The corpus, which was gathered at a specialist institute in France, consists of video recordings of interactions between a multiply disabled young person and one or more carers. In total, thirteen conversations involving six different young people were recorded. Analysis of the characteristics of the conversational exchanges revealed that conversational exchanges are based on two very precise modes of interaction that foster the mutual understanding process. Learning outcomes: These two modes of interaction represent exchange structures that favor the emergence of mutual understanding and that reveal the multiply disabled person’s cognitive efficiency in the conversation. We highlight the role of repetition as a conversation repair and we discuss the relationship between the carer and the disabled person.
47
Kiesel, Johannes, Lars Meyer, Martin Potthast, and Benno Stein. "Meta-Information in Conversational Search." ACM Transactions on Information Systems 39, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3468868.
Full textAbstract:
The exchange of meta-information has always formed part of information behavior. In this article, we show that this rule also extends to conversational search. Information about the user’s information need, their preferences, and the quality of search results are only some of the most salient examples of meta-information that are exchanged as a matter of course in a search conversation. To understand the importance of meta-information for conversational search, we revisit its definition and survey how meta-information has been taken into account in the past in information retrieval. Meta-information has gone by many names, about which a concise overview is provided. An in-depth analysis of the role of meta-information in search and conversation theories reveals that they provide significant support for the importance of meta-information in conversational search. We further identify conversational search datasets are suitable for a deeper inspection with regard to meta-information, namely, Spoken Conversational Search and Microsoft Information-Seeking Conversations. A quantitative data analysis demonstrates the practical significance of meta-information in information-seeking conversations, whereas a qualitative analysis shows the effects of exchanging different types. Finally, we discuss practical applications and challenges of meta-information in conversational search, including a case study of VERSE, an existing search system for the visually impaired.
48
Clarfeld, Laurence A., Robert Gramling, Donna M. Rizzo, and Margaret J. Eppstein. "A general model of conversational dynamics and an example application in serious illness communication." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): e0253124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253124.
Full textAbstract:
Conversation has been a primary means for the exchange of information since ancient times. Understanding patterns of information flow in conversations is a critical step in assessing and improving communication quality. In this paper, we describe COnversational DYnamics Model (CODYM) analysis, a novel approach for studying patterns of information flow in conversations. CODYMs are Markov Models that capture sequential dependencies in the lengths of speaker turns. The proposed method is automated and scalable, and preserves the privacy of the conversational participants. The primary function of CODYM analysis is to quantify and visualize patterns of information flow, concisely summarized over sequential turns from one or more conversations. Our approach is general and complements existing methods, providing a new tool for use in the analysis of any type of conversation. As an important first application, we demonstrate the model on transcribed conversations between palliative care clinicians and seriously ill patients. These conversations are dynamic and complex, taking place amidst heavy emotions, and include difficult topics such as end-of-life preferences and patient values. We use CODYMs to identify normative patterns of information flow in serious illness conversations, show how these normative patterns change over the course of the conversations, and show how they differ in conversations where the patient does or doesn’t audibly express anger or fear. Potential applications of CODYMs range from assessment and training of effective healthcare communication to comparing conversational dynamics across languages, cultures, and contexts with the prospect of identifying universal similarities and unique “fingerprints” of information flow.
49
Naureen, Sehar, Syed Kazim Kazim Shah, and Muniba Mushtaq. "Conversation Analysis of Jo Chale to Jaan Se Guzar Gaey: A Drama Serial from Pakistan Electronic Media." Journal of English Language, Literature and Education 4, no. 3 (March 29, 2023): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2023.0501153.
Full textAbstract:
This investigation aimed to analyze the use of turn-takings, the organization of adjacency pairs that are practised in Pakistani drama. Drawing on the framework presented by Young (2011), this research has provided insight into the relationship between the conversational organization and situational features in which the conversations were performed, and to figure out the purpose of operating a conversation in a specific situation, especially in the entertainment genre. For this research, video samples were taken from Pakistani dramas, and the conversations between participants, specifically between main characters, were transcribed. The transcribed data was then organized and divided into chunks and manually coded in Adjacency pairs, turns, lexical devices, linguistic and paralinguistic features, semantic and pragmatic elements, and contextual features. Based on the frequencies and patterns of turn-takings, lexical and linguistic choices, semantic, and conversational devices, the attitudes and variations in the behaviours of the participants of conversation in different settings and contexts were analyzed.
50
Nurfarwati, Dini, Siti Nur Anisa, and Rasi Yugafiati. "THE ANALYSIS OF FLOUTING OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS ON THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN “ MOANA” MOVIE." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 1, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v1i5.p677-686.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses to analise the flouting of conversational maxims which are found in Moana movie. The study uses mix method. There are four of maxims can be revealed. The first is maxim relevance. The reasons of maxim relevance are:“The Maui’s responses do not appropriate to Moana’s statements” and “Moana’s response does not appropriate to Maui’s statement”. The second is maxim manner.The reason of maxim manner are: “Moana’s statements do not clear”, “Maui’s response does not appropriate to Moana’s statement”, and “Maui’s statement does not clear”. The third is maxim quantity. The reasons of maxim quantity are: "The Maui’s responses do not appropriate to Moana’s statements”, “Moana’s responses do not appropriate to Maui’s statement”, “Maui’s statement is flouting the maxim”, and “Moana’s steatment is flouting the maxim”. The forth is maxim quality. The reason is “Maui’s responses contain lies”. that among 4 types of maxim in conversation between the main character, Moana and Maui in Moana movie, the maxim of relevance was the most identifiable type. 16 conversations cover 38,1%. The second is the maxim quantity. 14 conversations cover 33,3%. The third is the maxim manner. 10 conversation or covers 23,8%. The maxim quality gets 2 conversations and covers 4,8%. The conclusions are the conversation related to ask to do something, be success in doing something, give surprise and do not want something bad happened to the friend.Keywords: Conversational Maxims, Flouting Maxims, Movie