To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Conversation analysis. Speech Act Theory.
Journal articles on the topic 'Conversation analysis. Speech Act Theory'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Conversation analysis. Speech Act Theory.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kasmani, Mohd Faizal, Sofia Hayati Yusoff, and Osama Kanaker. "Muḥammad’s Conversations with the Bedouin: a Speech-Act Analysis of Prophetic Discourse in Hadith." Al-Bayān – Journal of Qurʾān and Ḥadīth Studies 17, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22321969-12340067.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Speech-act theory allows us to study how words have an impact in real life and the performative nature of words. At the same time, it can also contribute to an understanding of communication style and communication strategy. In this article, speech-act theory is applied to the conversations of Prophet Muḥammad with the Bedouin in two ways. First, the speech acts of the Prophet are analyzed using the categories put forward by John Searle to see how they function within the conversation. Second, the illocutionary force of an utterance and its perlocutionary effect – based on words and expressions that the Prophet used in his utterances – are examined to discover patterns in his communication strategy towards the Bedouin.
2
Gervasio, Amy Herstein, and Mary Crawford. "Social Evaluations of Assertiveness: A Critique and Speech Act Reformulation." Psychology of Women Quarterly 13, no. 1 (March 1989): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1989.tb00982.x.
Full textAbstract:
A conceptual and methodological critique of recent research on the social evaluation of assertive speech demonstrates that while the research is internally valid within its narrow sphere, it lacks ecological validity, cannot adequately explain important phenomena such as gender differences, and leads to misguided clinical prescriptions. An alternative theoretical framework, based on speech act theory, is proposed. Assertiveness is viewed as a style of conversation occurring in complex interpersonal contexts. Such analysis encompasses an understanding of the grammar and speech acts used in assertive conversation, as well as the social roles (including gender and status relationships) that are created and maintained through conversational interaction. As women represent the majority of clients and consumers of assertiveness therapies, the interests and concerns of women are a special focus of the suggestions for increasing the ecological validity and clinical relevance of future research.
3
Lee, V. S., and R. D. Karymsakova. "LINGUISTIC PRAGMATICS AND SPEECH ACT THEORY AS A SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF JUDICIAL LINGUISTIC EXPERTISE (from lingual expert practice)." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-3-155-159.
Full textAbstract:
The paper reflects the progress and results of such applied linguistic research, as the conclusion of the expert-philologist (forensic linguistic) expertise, the object of which is due to the content of tasks for the specialist (expert). According to the transcript of a conversation, the features of verbal behavior of participants of the conversation that are relevant for the criminal investigation are studied. The study used lingual pragmatic analysis, techniques of text discursive analysis. The result of the semantic-pragmatic analysis of speech situations, speech acts as the units of researched conversation led to unambiguous conclusions about the nature of relations between the participants of the conversation, the communicative role of each of them, the absence of women’s guilt in the state of fear experienced by man, etc. In general, conversation analysis has shown that the achievement of linguistic pragmatics with its theory of speech acts can be successfully used in forensic linguistic examination. The results of this research can be used in the formulation of recommendations on the methodological support of forensic linguistic examination.
4
Brassac, Christian. "Speech acts and conversational sequencing." Pragmatics and Cognition 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.2.1.08bra.
Full textAbstract:
The question of the use of speech act theory in accounting for conversational sequencing is discussed from the point of view of the explanation of linguistic interaction. On the one hand, this question lies at the heart of the opposition between conversational analysis and discourse analysis. On the other, it dominates the discussion around a text by Searle called "Conversation". After summarizing what is at stake in the debate, I focus on the positions of two authors, Dascal and Van Rees, who favor the idea of a possible (and necessary) combination of illocutionary logic and the analysis of conversational interactions. My own position consists in taking into account the new elements that have recently enriched illocutionary logic (particularly the integration of perlocution through the notion of satisfaction conditions) within the framework of an essentially dialogical position. The proposed approach is in agreement with the theses of these two authors and complements them with elements that satisfy their demands.
5
Et. al., Akobirova Sarvar Tuevna,. "The Ways Of Expressing Condolences Implicitly And Their Effect On Sociolinguistics." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 1099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.621.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers condolence as a form of English speech etiquette, analyzed as an expressive speech act. The relevance of teaching speech etiquette in a situation of condolence lies in the fact that the effectiveness of learning English increases in the conditions of modeling a real communicative situation. Linguistic means of speech act expression are considered. It introduces sociolinguistics by means of five areas of research: quantitative sociolinguistics, conversation analysis, register variation, discourse analysis, and the sociology of language.
6
Dewi, Ida Ayu Putu Arini, I. Nyoman Kardana, and I. Nyoman Muliana. "Functions of Speech Acts in “Critical Eleven”." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.6.1.1275.1-6.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to examine the speech act functions found in the “Critical Eleven” film and reveal the conversational implicatures used by the film actors. To actualise this aims, this study was conducted using qualitative research designs and by making the speech act theory of (Levinson, 1983) and the speech act function theory of Searle (1979) as the basis for examining the speech act functions in the said film according to its type. The data were collected using the simak method, a method similar to observation one accompanied by an act of scrutinizing speeches of the actors in the film “Critical Eleven”. The oral data were collected from the conversations then transcribed into written data. The data analysis result are presented informally or descriptively. The results of data analysis showed there are five speech act functions in the film, namely representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. The representative function is manifested in the act of giving witness, acknowledging, and stating. The directive one includes the act of asking, and urging. Commissive function includes expressing abilities and promising. Expressive function includes blaming, praising, and congratulating. Declarative function is manifested in the act of prohibiting. Examining the function and meaning of speech acts in the film “Critical Eleven” from the perspective of sociolinguistics is an important topic to raise in further research.
7
Laursen, Ditte, Christian Hviid Mortensen, Anne Rørbæk Olesen, and Kim Christian Schrøder. "“I ♥ Skagens Museum”: Patterns of Interaction in the Institutional Facebook Communication of Museums." Museum and Society 15, no. 2 (July 12, 2017): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v15i2.831.
Full textAbstract:
Facebook has often been hailed for affording participation and thus for representing an opportunity for institutions to interact with the public. However, research concerning how institutions are actualizing this communicative opportunity is still scarce. In this article, we seek to address this gap by investigating empirically how one type of institution, namely museums, and their Facebook followers, actually communicate. Our approach is innovative in combining analytical tools from speech act theory and Conversation Analysis (CA) to a corpus of activities from the Facebook pages of nine Danish museums of different types and sizes collected during eight consecutive weeks in 2013. This approach enables us to both investigate communicative actions as isolated speech acts and the micromechanics of the interaction that potentially arise from these actions. Our findings indicate that certain kinds of speech act are used more than others and that certain speech acts lead to more interaction than others. By analyzing a fairly standard example of museum/follower interaction, we show how different kinds of micro conversational dynamics play out. In light of this analysis, we ask what modes of participation the interaction affords and we discuss the implications of our findings for recent debates about how museums can adapt to the participatory paradigm underlying institutional Facebook communication.Key Words: Social media communication, Facebook, speech acts, conversation analysis,institutional communication, museums
8
Alawiyah, Nurbaeti, and Iman Santoso. "SPEECH ACT ANALYSIS OF DR. ZAKIR NAIK’S SPEECH ON YOUTUBE CHANNEL ENTITLED: DOES GOD EXIST." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 3, no. 6 (November 13, 2020): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i6.p757-770.
Full textAbstract:
This research aimed to explore and identifying speech acts uttered by Dr. Zakir Naik in his standing dawah on the youtube channel entitled: Does God Exist. The research shows that factors of situation, place, topic, speaker, and context play an important role in analyzing speech act. The form of the speech has a representational function to inform and invite people. In this study, researchers used descriptive qualitative methods. The collect data, the writers used several steps. First, download the video on the internet. Second, transcript the dialogues into the texts. Third, reading the conversation texts. After that, identifying the sentences of Dr. Zakir Naik's speech. Then, counting the sentences includes a speech. And the last, describing the reason why the sentences include speech act. In which researchers examined naturally in every speech act that occurred in the theory stated by Yule (1996) in his theory about the types of speech acts divided into representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. In this study, the researchers found 13 utterances as a representative, 7 utterances as a directive, 2 utterances as a commissive, 2 utterances as a declarative, and not found expressive contained in the speech Dr. Zakir Naik's entitled: Does God Exist.
9
Sintamutiani, Diah Purwita, Dias Fitriani, and Ratih Inayah. "AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACT CLASSIFICATION IN BEAUTY AND THE BEAST." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 2, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i4.p429-435.
Full textAbstract:
Pragmatics is study of significance aspects and language use which are dependent to the speaker, the addressee and other characteristics about the context of utterance. Along with communication, we are as humans do it as speakers who deliver utterance or anything to the addressee. Therefore communication and language are related to another one with pragmatics. Usually people utilize language in spoken and written, for instance conversation writing ideas, thoughts and so on in the book. For example cerebration contained in fairy tale stories were poured through the writer that one may be understood by readers. These ideas are expressed in the form about speech acts as described in Yule's theory in his book Pragmatics: Speech Act Classification (1996), there are five classifications of speech act pragmatically that can be proposed with a speaker such as representatives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations. The researchers used Beauty and the Beast short story to be analyzed classification about speech act. The method used in this analysis is a descriptive qualitative method. The results in this study, there are 10 speech act in short story Beauty and the Beast. In the outcomes of this study, that speech act classified into 4 types. Speech act classification is mostly Directives (50%); Representatives (30%); Declarations (10%); and Commissives (10%). The classification type unfound in the story above is Expressives.
10
Ziatas, Kathryn, Kevin Durkin, and Chris Pratt. "The social context of developments in theory of mind and communicative competence: Evidence from mother-child conversations with children with autism, Asperger syndrome, specific language impairment, and normal development." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 17, no. 1 (2000): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200028054.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe relationship of maternal conversational input to theory of mind development was examined in a study of mother-child conversation involving children with autism, Asperger syndrome, specific language impairment (SLI), and normol development. Speech act analysis using Dore's (1986) categories was completed for conversation samples taken between mother and child during a toy selection task Comparisons of moternal assertions revealed lower proportions of reference to internal stote used with children with autism, Asperger syndrome, and SLI compared to those with normol children. Significant positive associations existed between the children's production of mental assertions and maternal descriptions, explanations, evaluations, attributions of another's internal state, organizational devices, clarifications, and requests for process. There were also significant positive associations between children's theory of mind development and moternal descriptions, explanations, clarifications, acknowledgments, rhetorical questions, and responses to process questions.These results indicate the importance of an elaborative style of maternal conversation to the development of theory of mind.
11
Dziurosz-Serafinowicz, Dominika. "Próba konstrukcji narzędzi do analizy etyczności wypowiedzi z użyciem teorii aktów mowy." Przegląd Humanistyczny 63, no. 3 (466) (December 2, 2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5989.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this paper is to present tools for analyzing the ethics of utterances in the face-to-face conversation with the use of speech act theory. In particular, an attempt is made to show that ethical examination of the utterance can consist in analyzing its illocution (intention) and perlocution (effect). Additionally, it is proposed that treating a speech act as complementary can be used in the analysis of utterances as those which demand ethical or non-ethical answer.
12
Unuabonah, Foluke Olayinka. "“Are you saying …?”." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 27, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.27.1.05unu.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores metapragmatic comments in Nigerian quasi-judicial public hearings, involving interactions between complainants, defendants and a hearing panel, with a view to investigating their forms, features, distribution and functions. The data are analysed quantitatively and qualitatively from a discourse-pragmatic framework that incorporates Verschueren’s theory of metapragmatics, Mey’s pragmatic act theory, Grice’s Cooperative Principle and conversation analysis. Four types of metapragmatic comments are used: speech act descriptions, talk regulation comments, maxim adherence/violation related comments and metalinguistic comments. Their distribution and functioning are shown to be partly predictable from properties of the speech event, while they also co-determine the nature and development of the analysed hearings.
13
Della, Fara, and Barnabas Sembiring. "AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS BY SEARLE THEORY IN “SLEEPING BEAUTY” MOVIE SCRIPT." Journal of English Education and Teaching 2, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jeet.2.1.22-27.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to find out the types of Directive Speech Acts by the characters in “Sleeping Beauty” movie script based on the theory that proposed by Searle theory and analyze the types of directive speech acts that most frequently used in the movie script and the possible reason for it. The subject of the research was the script of the conversation between the characters. The type of this research is Descriptive Quantitative research. In this research, the researcher used documentation as the instrument. The object of this study is the “Sleeping Beauty” movie script by Casper Van Dien. The results of the research show that, first, the types of directive speech acts were Command, request, permission, prohibition, and question. Second, the types of directive speech act that most frequently used were command type. In terms of types, the command is in the highest rank (51 utterances) and prohibition ( 2 utterances)) is in the lowest rank. In terms of reason, the command types (51 utterances) is the most frequently used, because it usually shows the strength of each character very clearly. And also the movie genre also influences the use of its directive speech acts itself.
14
Yasinta, Yasinta, Lelly Suhartini, and Rohmana Rohmana. "AN ANALYSIS OF IMPLICATURE IN “ICE AGE 3 MOVIE”." Journal of Teaching English 5, no. 1 (August 19, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jte.v5i1.13593.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the types and the functions of conversational implicature were used in Ice Age 3 movie. The objectives of this study have identified the types and described the functions of conversational implicature were used in "Ice Age 3 Movie''. The technique of data analysis was the researcher identified the utterances which are containing conversational implicature in ice age 3 movie based on the theory of implicature which purposed by Yule and classified the utterances based on the types of conversational implicature, namely particular implicature, scalar implicature, and generalized implicature. The researcher described the function implicature are used in ice age 3 movie based on the theory of speech act classification which is proposed by Searle. The result of this study showed that there are three types of conversational implicature found on Ice Age 3 movie based on implicature theory by Yule and the researcher also found there are four functions of conversational implicature were used in Ice Age 3 movie based on a theory of speech act by Searle.
15
Zhang, Shuling. "Conversational Storytelling in Chinese Speech Acts." English Linguistics Research 6, no. 3 (September 19, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v6n3p27.
Full textAbstract:
Conversational narrative or storytelling is a prevalent activity in everyday talk. This paper, drawing on the speech act theory and conversational analysis methodology, examines the conversational storytelling in performing a few types of illocutionary acts like assert, warn, object, advise in Chinese everyday talk. It is found that storytelling plays several significant roles in performing some types of illocutionary acts, i.e. to make a point, to build rapport among friends and even to reduce the face threat. Conversational storytelling may occur immediately after the expression of an illocutionary act, and sometimes before it to indicate certain illocutionary force.
16
Ivanchenko, Andriy. "An ‘interactive’ approach to interpreting overlapping dialogue in Caryl Churchill’s Top Girls (Act 1)." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 16, no. 1 (February 2007): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947007072846.
Full textAbstract:
A notable feature of Caryl Churchill’s post-1979 plays is overlapping speech notated in the play script. It can be variously interpreted by readers: as marking interpersonal opposition, lack of interest, self-centredness - or enthusiasm and support. So the reader’s understanding of overlapping may influence his/her interpretation of the dramatic situation and character. I propose that certain discursive features in the play script may affect this interpretation in particular ways. I shall briefly analyse some extracts from Churchill’s Top Girls using a Conversation Analysis- (CA) based ‘interactive’ approach to the overlapping dialogue. Essentially, I suggest that co-participants’ reactions to conversational actions should be attended to as they reflect the discursive significance of those actions. Consequently, interpreting overlaps as disruptive interruptions will to a large extent depend on the interruptee’s response format. An interpretative resource is provided for the analyst with regard to the dramatic situation and character.
17
Ben Lahouel, Béchir, and Nathalie Montargot. "Exploring change conversations through the rhetoric of French leaders." European Business Review 28, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 486–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-11-2015-0130.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to capitalize on a linguistic perspective to analyze the rhetoric of French leaders about organizational change. Design/methodology/approach To address the research questions, the authors opted for a lexical content analysis. They use Ford and Ford’s (1995) change conversational framework and the speech act theory to analyze French CEOs’ letters to stakeholders, over the period 2007-2012. Findings The authors find that leaders’ rhetoric consists of three types of change conversations, namely, initiative, for understanding and for performance, that were underpinned by a network of assertive, expressive and commissive speech acts. Practical implications The results reveal that the communication of change to external stakeholders can be characterized as supportive change conversations, offering assurance on the necessity, appropriateness and expected benefits of change. Originality/value This paper is the first work, in the French context, which integrates change conversations and speech act perspectives to examine the way leaders communicate with external stakeholders through CEOs letters. Previous research focused specially on communicating change with internal stakeholders.
18
Yusuf, Marwah Juwita. "Sexual Refusal by Indonesian Female University Students." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 1, no. 4 (December 26, 2018): 398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v1i4.5185.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to find out the most frequent strategies used by Indonesian female university students in expressing their refusal to sexual intercourse and the refusal strategies that they used to refuse the sexual intercourse. This research was carried out in 14 cities in Indonesia with 638 respondents (307 female respondents and 331 male respondents). The data were collected by using Discourse Completion Task (DCT) and interview to identify the sexual refusal strategies by female university students. The data were analyzed by using reconstructed conversation and Speech Act theory by Searle (1976) and Politeness of Brown & Levinson (1989) as a supporting theory. This research finds seven frequent strategies used by Indonesian female university students to refuse the sexual intercourse. The first is pregnancy risk reason (37,07%), next is legality reason (21,59%), postponement (15,48%) is at the third place, direct refusal non-performative (14,05 %) as the forth and is followed by religiouos reason (7,94%) at the fifth, direct refusal performative (2,24%) is the sixth and the last strategy is topic switch (1,63%). The data also show that most of Indonesian female university students refuse the sexual intercourse by giving pregnancy risk reason such as fear of being pregnant. From the reconstructed conversation, the data analysis show that most of them use Indirect Speech Act to maintain the relationship, the politeness and the positive face want of their boyfriend.
19
Nurzaqiyah, Zulfa, and Akmaliyah Akmaliyah. "Presupposisi Tokoh Beik Dalam Novel Himar Hakim." Hijai - Journal on Arabic Language and Literature 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 80–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/hijai.v1i1.3178.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Novel Himar Hakim by Taufiq Hakim tells about the friendship that exists between a writer named Beik with a pet donkey, which sometimes Beik equates his habit with the donkey. The novel is very philosophical and full of psychic experiences from the main characters described. The main character of the novel is the Taufiq Hakim, in terms of the background in Egypt, and the professor, a writer who in the novel is portrayed by a film dialog writer. The form of the conversation in the novel Himar Hakim by Taufik Hakim is inseparable from the act of speech or the intent to be conveyed by the author to the reader. In Himar Hakim's novel, there are speeches of Beik figures with various forms and objectives of the act of speech and the type of preoccupation. The problems discussed in this research are: how the act of indirect illustration of Beik in the novel of Judge Himar Hakim by Taufik Hakim, and how the presupposition of Beik speech acts in the novel Himar Hakim by Taufik Hakim. The purpose of this research is to know the act of indirect illusions of Beik in the novel of Himar Hakim by Taufik Hakim, and to know the type of presupposition of Beik's speech acts in the novel Himar Hakim by Taufik Hakim. To achieve these objectives, this research uses descriptive analytic method. Then in the data collection techniques using the method refer, then the data were analyzed by using the method of extralingual padan and grouping Beik's speech by using pragmatic approach of speech acting theory and pre-response. Based on the analysis of the novel Himar Hakim by Taufik Hakim, it can be concluded that in the novel there are speeches that contain representative, directive, expressive, commodative and declarative illustrations, with various purposes, including: affirming, stating, asking , ordering, suggesting, commanding, blaming, denouncing, apologizing, insinuating, complaining, refusing, declaring ability, swearing, offering, promising, expecting, praying, and decisive. Expressive speech acts with the purpose of mocking into the findings that dominate Beik's speech. The types of presuppositions contained in the speech are such as existential prejudice, factual presupposition, lexical presuppositions, non-factual presuppositions, structural presuppositions and counterfactual presuppositions. Factual acceptability became the findings that dominated Beik's speech.
20
Putri, Fitri Kharisma, and Ana Mariana. "THE USE OF ILLOCUTIONARY ACT IN “WONDER” MOVIE BY RJ. PALACIO." British (Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris) 7, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/british.7.2.72-89.2018.
Full textAbstract:
Language is a core of communication and in pragmatics, it is analyzing the information about the development of language and knowledge of language in general and it is related with human language and its context. Pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning that communicated with the speaker and interpreted by a listener. Context also holds the important rules and cannot be separated in learning pragmatics itself. Therefore, to learn and understand the meaning and it’s context of spoken between speaker and hearer in an utterance, then learning the speech act and it’s parts is one of the important things. This research discusses the use of illocutionary acts in “Wonder” movie. The focus analysis on this research is not only on the main character but on the whole conversation from each character at the movie by classified it into five types by using John Searle’s (1975) theory. The data of illocutionary that appears on Wonder movie is analyzed by using the context situations to find out the flow of each utterance from the speaker and listener. Researcher used the Pragmatic Approach and speech act theory to find out the types of illocutionary act contained in Wonder movie. And, from the result of this analysis, it was found that there are 5 types of illocutionary acts that classified by Searle (1975) in Wonder movie, that known as Representatives or Assertive, Directives, Comissives, Expressive and Declaration. Keywords: Movie / Film, Illocutionary, Pragmatic Approach.
21
Rodness, Roshaya. "Stutter and phenomena: The phenomenology and deconstruction of delayed auditory feedback." Journal of Interdisciplinary Voice Studies 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jivs_00025_1.
Full textAbstract:
Jacques Derrida’s early critique of Husserlian phenomenology discusses the production of the ‘phenomenological voice’ as the consummate model of human consciousness. Challenging Husserl’s conviction that consciousness is produced from the self-enclosed act of ‘hearing-oneself-speak’, Derrida points to vocality as the complex site of the self’s relationship to presence and exteriority. The internal division between hearing and speaking, he argues, introduces difference into the generation of conscious life. The use of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) as a prosthetic for stuttering provides an opportunity to engage Derrida’s insights on the connection between consciousness and voice with an ear to the speech of people who stutter. DAF, which may reduce or increase dysfluency depending on the speech of the user, introduces a series of delays, alterations and supplements to speech that underwrite the heterogeneous experience of conscious life. What can the philosophy of deconstruction add to conversations about the function of DAF, and what can theory about and experiences with DAF teach us about the self’s presence to itself and the role of alterity in shaping speech? What does stuttering teach us about the necessity of dysfluency for all speech? This article examines the relation between the voice and the phenomenological voice, and between stuttering and prosthetics. Concluding with an analysis of Richard Serra’s experimental recording, Boomerang (1974), it argues that voice is always already prostheticized with alterity, and that in hearing-oneself-speak we exist with voice in an expansive and unfinished conversation with our own mystery.
22
Simpson, Paul, and Geoff Hall. "7. DISCOURSE ANALYSIS AND STYLISTICS." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 22 (March 2002): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190502000077.
Full textAbstract:
This review focuses on contemporary work in discourse stylistics, defined here as that designated branch of stylistics which draws specifically on the techniques and methods of discourse analysis. The review acknowledges a key assumption in modern discourse stylistic research, namely that the distinction between ‘literary’ and ‘nonliterary’ discourse, if tenable at all, is drawn not on a purely linguistic basis but in terms of multiple intersections among texts, readers, institutions, and sociocultural contexts. In spanning studies of both literary and nonliterary discourse, therefore, the coverage of the present review is intended to reflect this axiom. It also attempts to foreground the diversity of method and approach in contemporary discourse stylistics. Given that the techniques of discourse analysis are themselves many and various, the survey seeks to cover stylistic work that offers productive applications of the many available models in pragmatics, conversation analysis, cognitive linguistics, speech act theory, and discourse psychology. Finally, in covering a selection of important monographs, articles, and book chapters, the review seeks both to highlight some of the critical, cultural, and ideological frameworks currently employed by discourse stylisticians and to demarcate, in more general terms, the current state-of-play in this research tradition.
23
Blum, Susan D. "Naming practices and the power of words in China." Language in Society 26, no. 3 (September 1997): 357–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500019503.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis article examines use of kinship terms, pronouns, and proper names in China, in an overall framework termed “naming” that demonstrates the performative power of uttering relational terms, especially by the junior in the relationship. It also describes the prototypical routine of introductions, which consist of three participants, in contrast to the more typical conversation in Western analysis which posits two participants. In this three-party exchange, the animator is not the author of the words, but rather the willing and necessary namer of the relationship. Finally, it situates this performative function of naming within a general discussion of language ideology in Chinese society, in which signifiers and their homophones are seen as somehow inseparable from the signifieds. (Naming, speech act theory, ideology, kinship, China)
24
Oloo, Nicholas Onyango, Prof Francis OwinoRew, and Dr Robert Onyango Ochieng’. "A Pragmatic Analysis of Margaret Ogola’s the River and the Source and I Swear by Apollo." English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies 1, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): p88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v1n2p88.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims at interrogating the significance of pragmatics in analyzing Margaret Ogola’s two novels; The River and the Source (1994) and I swear by Apollo (2002). The researcher analyses the characters’ conversational turns in the novels using Austin (1962) and Searle 1969 Speech Act Theory. The study employs an analytical research design using a mixed method data analysis. The findings indicate that every utterance used by a character performs three simultaneous acts namely; a locutionary, an illocutionary and perlocutionary. In addition, the data shows that every utterance produced by a character in the novels could be categorized under one of the five major categories speech acts proposed by Searle (1969); representatives, expressive, directives, commisives or declarations. The study found that the representatives are the most dominant in both novels while declarations the least. The study also reveals that each major speech act contains a wide range of sub acts or illocutionary forces which are distinguished based on their felicity conditions. The study therefore proposes that pragmatic analysis be adopted as an effective tool in the analysis of the characters’ verbal interactions in novels. In addition, further research could be conducted on pragmatic analysis of novels by other writers.
25
Myhill, John. "A Study of Imperative Usage in Biblical Hebrew and English." Studies in Language 22, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 391–446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.22.2.05myh.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reports the results of a detailed text-based study of the use of Imperative constructions in Biblical Hebrew and English, and shows that the two languages differ significantly in this regard. The use of the English Imperative in the database is conditioned largely by social and interactive factors, e.g. the relationship between the speaker and the listener, their relative social status, the sensitivity of the action of giving the command, the setting of the interaction, who will benefit from the action, etc.; on the other hand, the usage of the Imperative in the Hebrew database is mainly determined by semantic and structural factors, e.g. the point in time when the commanded action is to take place, the linguistic form of the preceding clause, whether the command is the first in a conversation, etc. The clear differences here show that there cannot be any uniform explanation about why Imperatives in general are used, as have been proposed in speech act theory (e.g. Searle 1975); on the other hand, these differences are sufficiently complex that they also cannot be accounted for with simple statements regarding cultural differences (e.g. Blum-Kulka 1991). The results of this study suggest that theories about speech acts should be based not upon philosophical speculations using data from a single language, or upon limited linguistic and cultural data carefully selected to support a particular theory, but upon extensive, detailed, and exhaustive linguistic analysis which will clearly establish the descriptive facts of speech act usage in a variety of languages.
26
Lascarides, Alex, and Matthew Stone. "Discourse coherence and gesture interpretation." Gesture 9, no. 2 (September 30, 2009): 147–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.9.2.01las.
Full textAbstract:
In face-to-face conversation, communicators orchestrate multimodal contributions that meaningfully combine the linguistic resources of spoken language and the visuo-spatial affordances of gesture. In this paper, we characterise this meaningful combination in terms of the COHERENCE of gesture and speech. Descriptive analyses illustrate the diverse ways gesture interpretation can supplement and extend the interpretation of prior gestures and accompanying speech. We draw certain parallels with the inventory of COHERENCE RELATIONS found in discourse between successive sentences. In both domains, we suggest, interlocutors make sense of multiple communicative actions in combination by using these coherence relations to link the actions’ interpretations into an intelligible whole. Descriptive analyses also emphasise the improvisation of gesture; the abstraction and generality of meaning in gesture allows communicators to interpret gestures in open-ended ways in new utterances and contexts. We draw certain parallels with interlocutors’ reasoning about underspecified linguistic meanings in discourse. In both domains, we suggest, coherence relations facilitate meaning-making by RESOLVING the meaning of each communicative act through constrained inference over information made salient in the prior discourse. Our approach to gesture interpretation lays the groundwork for formal and computational models that go beyond previous approaches based on compositional syntax and semantics, in better accounting for the flexibility and the constraints found in the interpretation of speech and gesture in conversation. At the same time, it shows that gesture provides an important source of evidence to sharpen the general theory of coherence in communication.
27
Muliawati, Ni Wayan Pering, I Nyoman Sedeng, and Ida Ayu Made Puspani. "The Expressive Illocutionary Acts Found in Webtoon True Beauty and Their Translation into Indonesian." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 6, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.6.2.1802.148-155.
Full textAbstract:
The research is aimed to find the expressive of illocutionary acts found in the comic and analyze the technique of translation implemented by the translator while translating comic ‘True Beauty’. The data used to support all the analysis for this study were taken from the Webtoon comic entitled ‘True Beauty’ with its translation into Indonesian ‘Secret of Angel’ of season 1. Even though the title in Indonesian is in English, but all conversation in the comic is in Indonesian. Documentation method was used in this study by reading the data source attentively and doing note-taking. This research was designed using qualitative method, and the result of analysis was descriptively explained. The theory supporting this study was proposed by Leech (1993) illocutionary speech act, theory of translation technique written by Molinda and Albir, and ethnography of SPEAKING proposed by Hymes (2009). The results of this study showed that there were 47 expressive illocutionary acts found in the comic. the expressive illocutionary act forms found were: thanking with 23 data, apologizing with 13 data, surprising with 5 data, dislike with 2 data, congratulating with 4 data. the translation technique employed by the translator were; literal translation (37), particularization (6), modulation (3), and discursive creation (1).
28
Keevallik, Leelo. "From discourse pattern to epistemic marker: Estonian (ei) tea ‘don't know’." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 29, no. 2 (December 2006): 173–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586506001570.
Full textAbstract:
In contemporary informal Estonian, the negative verb form ei tea ‘don't know’ has become a routinized part of generic questions, in which the agent is left unexpressed. This pattern is in accordance with the general impersonal and reference-avoiding style of conversing in Estonia. The study outlines a continuum of synchronic usages from the original expressions sa ei tea ‘you don't know’ and ma ei tea ‘I don't know’ to the epistemic usages of (ei) tea, which are specifically tied to the speech act of questioning. The data is interactional and the analysis relies on the interpretation of (ei) tea-questions by the participants themselves, following the methodology of conversation analysis. It is demonstrated that the development of (ei) tea displays phonological and semantic erosion, pragmatic strengthening, subjectification, and decategorialization. Thus, grammaticalization theory is here combined with interactional linguistics in order to display the emergence of a grammatical structure from a discourse pattern.
29
Syah, Nur Aini, D. Djatmika, and S. Sumarlam. "THE POLITENESS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS IN SATU JAM LEBIH DEKAT ON TV ONE (PRAGMATIC APPROACH)." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 2, no. 2 (November 15, 2017): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v2i2.8394.
Full textAbstract:
<p><em>This study aims to find out the types of directive speech act and politeness strategies</em><em> </em><em>used in Satu Jam Lebih Dekat talk show on TVOne. The method used in this article is descriptive</em><em> </em><em>method which describe the data systematically, factually, and accurately. The uninvolved</em><em> </em><em>conversation observation technique was used in collecting data in which this means that the present</em><em> </em><em>writer does not involve in the dialogues.</em><em> </em><em>Meanwhile, for data analysis technique, the present writer</em><em> </em><em>used pragmatic competence-in-dividing. The main theory of this article is the pragmatic theory of</em><em> </em><em>Searle’s Speech Act and Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Strategy. The results indicate that the types of directive speech act of Satu Jam Lebih Dekat program are to please, to request,</em><em> </em><em>to ask, to</em><em> </em><em>order, to invite, to forbid, to convince, to obligate, to show, to hope, to want, to warn, to advise, and</em><em> </em><em>to request. In addition, the politeness strategies are bald on</em><em> </em><em>record, positive politeness, negative</em><em> </em><em>politeness, and off record. The politeness of</em><em> </em><em>directive speech acts supports the effectiveness of talk</em><em> </em><em>show because of some factors such as types of directive speech act and politeness strategy.</em><em></em></p><p><em><br /> </em><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eywords</em></strong><em>: <strong>pragmatics, directive speech act, politeness strategy, talk show</strong></em><em></em></p>
30
Sinha, Kanhaiya Kumar. "The Role of Pragmatics in Literary Analysis: Approaching Literary Meaning from a Linguistic Perspective." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 2, no. 2 (March 28, 2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v2i2.211.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper aims to produce a detailed account of the term ‘pragmatics’ and explore, by presenting and reviewing different models, its role in literature as it appears to be evident in different linguistic approaches to the study and analysis of literary genres. It is a fact that various pragmatic approaches such as speech act theory, conversational implicature, politeness theory, and relevance theory are developed mainly in relation to spoken interaction, yet, as some studies suggest, they offer invaluable insights to the study of literary texts. Consequently, the paper also strives to shed some light on the relationship these two terms – literature and pragmatics – enjoy so that their commonalities can be unmasked. It also tries to explore how pragmatics may help find out the ‘context’ and ‘meaning’ of literary discourse.
31
Kwarteng, Michael. "Pragmatic Analysis of ex-President Donald Trump’s interviews and its relation with the Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle." Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 3, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2021.3.3.4.
Full textAbstract:
This analytical-descriptive paper investigates the violation and the keeping of Grice's (1975) cooperative principles (CPs) in an interview between some American Journalists and former President Donald Trump. The study involved the observation and analysis of ten Donald Trump’s interviews in the context and content of racism, coronavirus, election, politics, leadership and social relation that were randomly selected via YouTube. Its aim was to assess critically the violation and the keeping of Grice's (1975) cooperative principles (CPs) and its maxims, the speech act theory, and also improve upon interlocutor’s communication skills. Also, pragmatically, the current study examines the perlocutionary effect of utterances on interlocutors and listeners in general, and further investigates a new way of understanding speakers' non-cooperative and cooperative attitude and their violation of Cooperative Principles and its maxims throughout the communication process. The research sample was solely analyzed through conversational implicature and the consideration of Grice’s four propounded maxims under cooperative principle, as well as the speech act theory. According to the results, speakers' uncooperative attitude is mostly influenced by psychological factors like frustration, irritation, nervousness, anxiety, conflict of interest, and other factors such as politeness, cheap praise, lack of adequate information, entertainment, and sometimes deliberate violation. It was also revealed that language users do sometimes cooperate most often than not due to the perlocutionary effect on listeners and themselves. Besides, interlocutors sometimes violate some maxims, because they have least or no idea about the consequences of their responses on their listeners as well as themselves. Also, it was evident that, albeit speakers might not be aware of Grice’s maxims and its Cooperative principles yet they habitually conform to it in communication process. The study recommends a deeper way for readers understanding of Paul Grice’s CP and its maxims, the speech act theory, and also improve upon their communication skills. In summary, it recommends that communicators, language learners, teachers and linguists are to be mindful about their diction and its consequences on their participants and the society as a whole.
32
Kementchedjhieva, Yova. "Code-Switching as Strategically Employed in Political Discourse." Lifespans and Styles 2, no. 1 (March 21, 2016): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ls.v2i1.2016.1425.
Full textAbstract:
There is extensive scholarship in the field of sociolinguistics on mediated political discourse as strategically employed to gain support in the run-up to and during elections. Among other things, this work reveals that the rhetorical success of politicians greatly depends on their ability to get the right balance between the expression of authority and solidarity in their speech performances. The use of code-switching in achieving such balance has been touched upon in some case studies but never studied in depth. I analyse the speech of Boyko Borisov, now Prime Minister of Bulgaria (and at the time of recording, a candidate for the position), in the framework of Bell’s (1984) audience and referee design theory, with reference to Myers Scotton and Ury’s (1977) views on code-switching. Borisov is found to employ two codes, a standard and a nonstandard one, characteristic of two different personae of his: the authoritative politician and the folksy, regular person. Depending on the situation, he chooses to act out either just one of these personae or both of them by switching between the two codes, thus maintaining the aforementioned vital balance between the expression of power and solidarity. The analysis reveals that the switches occur at specific points in the conversation, in line with existing theory on metaphorical code-switching, confirming that they are strategic in nature rather than random or accidental.
33
Ma, Xiaoyu. "A Case Study on Characters in Pride and Prejudice: From Perspectives of Speech Act Theory and Conversational Implicature." International Journal of English Linguistics 6, no. 4 (July 14, 2016): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n4p136.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Speech act theory and conversational implicature, as research approaches in discourse analysis (DA), have been applied successfully to investigations in such fields as philosophy, linguistics, psychology and literature criticism. This paper aims to employ a synthesized model of these two theories to make a tentative study of the “literature language” and the characters in the literary work—<em>Pride and Prejudice</em>—to testify whether these research methods contribute to the readers’ understanding and appreciation of this masterpiece. The results of the study show that, to a certain extent, the image of the characters in a particular context in this literary work has been successfully demonstrated in terms of these two approaches in DA and it has been proved that “literature language” can be analyzed by means of DA theories. In addition, the study may contribute to the enlightenment of effective and creative approaches in literature as well as college movie English audio-visual-oral course teaching.</p>
34
Zand-Moghadam, Amir, and Arya Golkhandan. "A Review of Discourse in English Language Education." Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies 10, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/apples/urn.201603141841.
Full textAbstract:
The main theme of this volume is to discuss discourse analysis and familiarize the readers, especially undergraduate students of TESOL and Education, with the main topics in discourse studies. According to Flowerdew, one of the features of this book is its focus on a wide range of approaches to discourse and discourse analysis, namely Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and Register, Speech Act Theory, the Cooperative Principle and Politeness, Conversation Analysis, Genre Analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), and Corpus Linguistics. However, what distinguishes this book from others books of discourse, and probably from other similar books on discourse and language teaching, is its practical view toward discourse and discourse analysis, i.e., it is clearly shown, by referring to real-life examples, how every discourse topic, issue, or feature can be analyzed and then taught in a language class. In fact, Floweredew’s attempt in this volume is to familiarize the readers with how discourse analysis can inform the practice of English language teaching. Thus, the book utilizes research findings and suggests guidelines, models, and approaches to language teachers as to how discourse studies can be insightful in language teaching methodology, materials development, and evaluation.
35
Petraki, Eleni, and Sarah Bayes. "Teaching oral requests." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 499–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.23.3.06pet.
Full textAbstract:
Research in English language teaching has highlighted the importance of teaching communication skills in the language classroom. Against the backdrop of extensive research in everyday communication, the goal of this research was to explore whether current discourse analytic research is reflected in the lessons and communication examples of five English language teaching textbooks, by using spoken requests as the subject of investigation. The textbooks were evaluated on five criteria deriving from research on politeness, speech act theory and conversation analysis. These included whether and the extent to which the textbooks discussed the cultural appropriateness of requests, discussed the relationship of requests and other contextual factors, explained pre-sequences and re-requests and provided adequate practice activities. This study found that none of the coursebooks covered all of the criteria and that some coursebooks actually had very inadequate lessons. The results of the textbook analysis demonstrate that teachers using these five coursebooks and designers of future coursebooks must improve their lessons on requests by using pragmatics research and authentic examples as a guide.
36
al-Rojaie, Yousef Ibrahim. "The pragmatic functions of religious expressions in Najdi Arabic." Saudi Journal of Language Studies 1, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sjls-03-2021-0006.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThis study attempts to identify and analyze the pragmatic functions of religious expressions, that is, invocations that include the name of Allah (God), in naturally occurring social interactions in Najdi Arabic, which is spoken in Central Saudi Arabia.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the speech act theory and politeness model, an analysis of the data illustrates that religious expressions, in addition to their prototypical religious meanings and uses in everyday interactions, are employed to communicate a wide range of pragmatic functions.FindingsThese include signaling the end of a conversation, persuading, mitigating and hedging, showing agreement and approval, reinforcing emphasis, expressing emotions, seeking protection from the evil eye, conveying skepticism and ambiguity, expressing humor and sarcasm, and showing respect and honor. The embedded multifunctional dimension of religious expressions in the present data is interpreted as serving as a politeness marker with which speakers promote both positive politeness (by showing solidarity, claiming common grounds, and building rapport) and negative politeness (by reducing imposition and emphasizing personal autonomy).Originality/valueThis study further highlights the interplay between religion, culture, and language use in Najdi Arabic.
37
Kļavinska, Antra. "LATGALIAN JOKES: EXPRESSIONS OF LINGUISTIC CONTACTS." Via Latgalica, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2012.4.1687.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The research interest of the author of the article in the ethnosis living in Latgale, intercultural communication is related to the compilation of the entries for „Latgalian Linguo-Territorial Dictionary” with ESF project „Linguo-Cultural and Socio-Economic Aspects of Territorial Identity in the Development of the Region of Latgale” (Nr. 2009/0227/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/071). The tasks of this research: 1) to prepare a review about the frequency of linguistic contacts and themes for conversations in jokes; 2) to determine the linguistic attitude of the addressee and the sender; 3) to trace linguistic processes in the event of intercultural communication.</p><p>The theoretical background of the research is based on the speech act in theory (J. Searle), highlighting the impact of social and historical factors on the speech act (D. Hymes). In order to describe the results of linguistic contacts linguistic, social and historical factors shall be taken into consideration. Jokes (131 unit in total) have been selected according to the following components of the speech act: form of message – dialogue; sender and addressee – Latvians and non-ethnic Latvians (Russians, Poles, Jews, Gypsies, etc.) of Latgale and representatives of other regions; communication channel – oral and written communication; code – patois, dialect, language; theme – daily life, culture, religion, politics etc.; situation – Latgale of 20th century (episodically – Latvia, Russia, Germany, USA, Lithuania).</p><p>The analysis of the expressions of language contacts in the texts of jokes lets conclude how intensive the mutual contacts of various languages and their users were in Latgale in the 20th century: if in the first half of the century the linguistic contacts were extremely diverse (interaction of Latgalian Latvians, Russians, Jews, Gypsies, Polish), then in the second half of the century mostly the linguistic contacts of Latvian (Latgalian) and Russian speaking population were domineering under the impact of the russification policy.</p><p>The result of linguistic contacts are: 1) a tolerant attitude towards other languages and their users is typical for a Latgalian (character of jokes), but he/she has a negative position to an strange language (Latvian, Russian) as an expression of enforced power; 2) in the communication process one can observe intentional of code-switching and unintentional of code-mixing (basis of the comic: interlinguistic homonyms, homoforms); 3) linguistic interference: phonetic, lexical and grammatical borrowings (from Latvian, Russian, English); 4) foreign language skills (in the beginning of 20th century the modest foreigner language skills led to more frequent misunderstandings).</p><p>The achievement of the aim put forward, result is a significant component of the speech act. The analyzed material of jokes proves that in many communicative situations this aim is not reached due to the weak communicative competence of the addressee and addresser (lack of awareness, understanding and recognition of the linguistic and cultural features of the representative of another ethos). Therefore, a conversation takes place, but an intercultural dialogue is not formed. Under current complex economic, political and linguistic situation in Latvia these are significant reasons for splitting of the society.</p>
38
Barrowman, Kyle. "Morals of Encounter in Steve Jobs." Film and Philosophy 24 (2020): 134–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/filmphil2020249.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, the author argues for the probative value of ordinary language philosophy for the discipline of film studies by way of an analysis of the conversational protocols discernible in the film Steve Jobs (2015). In particular, the author focuses on the work of J.L. Austin, specifically his theory of speech acts and his formulation of the performative utterance, and Stanley Cavell, specifically his extension of Austinian speech act theory and his formulation of the passionate utterance, and analyzes the interactions between the titular character and his daughter through this unique Austinian/Cavellian lens. In so doing, the author endeavors to encourage more scholars in the field of film-philosophy to explore the key concepts and arguments in ordinary language philosophy for use in analyzing films. Despite its having been virtually ignored by film scholars over the last half century, one of many regrettable effects of the Continental bias of film scholars generally and film-philosophers specifically, the author contends that ordinary language philosophy provides powerful tools for the analysis of dialogue and communication in film, with Steve Jobs serving as a particularly insightful test case of the broad utility of ordinary language philosophy for film studies.
39
Lauwers, Peter. "Répondre présent/absent." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 54, no. 2 (February 14, 2018): 278–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.16018.lau.
Full textAbstract:
Résumé This paper offers a diachronic analysis of a pair of subject complement constructions (répondre présent/absent: litt. ‘to answer “present”/“absent”) originating from quotative expressions. It shows how they lexicalized into fixed expressions denoting a routinized “delocutive” (Benveniste) procedure and how they finally got reanalyzed into a subject complement construction with an internalized projective and proactive meaning (“to act as expected”). The latter appears to be the result of the pragmatic strengthening of conversational implicatures related to the speech act. Further, it is argued that the remarkably similar evolution of répondre absent is due to analogization. Finally, the discussion of potential further host class expansion leads to a provisional answer to the question of whether or not these developments could be the symptoms of the constructionalization of a new copular verb.
40
FUBARA, SAMUEL JOSHUA. "A Pragmatic Analysis of the Discourse of Humour and Irony in Selected Memes on Social Media." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 2, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i2.281.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to examine how memes peculiar to Nigerians on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram employ language to convey humour and irony. Memes can be aptly conceptualized as internet-based entertainment contents principally propagated through social networking and micro-blogging sites which come in varied forms like pictures and written texts, written texts that may or may not be conversational in nature, videos, animations and GIFs. This study adopts a qualitative eclectic approach in its analysis of conversational memes which served as data gathered from Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Guided by the General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH), thirty (30) conversational memes were purposively selected for discussion using the guises or forms of humour as the unit of analysis on the one hand and discussions situated within empirical and theoretical postulations on the other hand. Findings from the study showed that all the reactions to the originating posts exhibit some form of incongruity and were also verbally ironical. The nature of the originating posts in line with the speech act classification were also found to be expressives and assertives. The study further revealed that three guises of humour namely sarcasm, witticism and pun were prominent in the reaction to the originating posts with sarcasm constituting the major guise of humour used while also pointing out that users on Twitter use humour more than those on Facebook and Instagram.
41
Eriksson, Göran, and Mats Eriksson. "Managing political crisis: an interactional approach to “image repair”." Journal of Communication Management 16, no. 3 (July 27, 2012): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13632541211245776.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the image repair theory by focusing on the largely ignored context of the face‐to‐face communication. The paper offers an exploratory study of how image repair work is carried out in interviews with politicians in the context of press conferences.Design/methodology/approachThe paper combines theoretical reflections with two qualitative case studies of press conferences of Swedish politicians. These press conferences were held to manage the challenge posed to the politicians’ public image by the media criticism. The analytical frame employed in this study is Conversation Analysis (CA).FindingsThe way journalists act during interviews and how they pose questions have noticeable consequences for the accused actor's image repair work. Image repair strategies like “apologizing” and “mortification” during the speech section of a press conference tend to be more effective as they give the accused greater opportunities to take control of the interaction.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the exploratory nature of this interactional approach and the fact that the analysis involves only two cases, the findings must be seen as provisional.Practical implicationsThe knowledge of how journalists construct a question is of high relevance for crisis communication and image repair work, and therefore of high value of public relations practitioners.Originality/valueThe interactional approach to image repair offers a new theoretical frame for the understanding of crisis management in interview situations. The approach especially highlights the importance of journalists’ questions in image repair work.
42
Li, Xiaqing. "A Pragmatic Analysis of Humor Words in English Advertisements." English Language and Literature Studies 6, no. 2 (June 2, 2016): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v6n2p193.
Full textAbstract:
<p>As an independent discipline, pragmatics was through out thirty years’ development. It is also a young discipline. As a medium emerging commonly in advertising language art, humor has attracted wide attention of many producers. Previous scholars analyzed more from the perspective of grammar, vocabulary, rhetoric, etc. But the research of advertising language humor is lacking from the aspects of pragmatic rules. Our collection of data is quite open. Any advertisement that can be transcribed in to written form is our interest. They are excerpted from magazines, advertisement, collecting books, newspapers, TV and radio commercials. As we only focus on language humor, situational humor produced by visual performance is not involved this thesis. The advertising language art of humor has been widely paid attention. Based on the existing theories of humor research, author of this paper used many kinds of pragmatic theories to analyze English advertising humor language, and including reference, deixis, anaphora, presupposition, speech act theory, the cooperative principle, conversational implicatures, and the politeness principle. It can not only provide reference for the research of this field for later scholars, but also provide theoretical guidance for the AD makers of using humor language to produce a good advertising effect.</p>
43
Górnikiewicz, Joanna. "Independent Infinitive in Directive Speech Acts for Direct Communication in the Polish Language and Its Equivalents in the French Language." Taikomoji kalbotyra 15 (June 4, 2021): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2021.15.7.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses the Polish independent infinitive, which constitutes a predicate in imperative utterances, and its French functional equivalents. The analysis was conducted at two levels. In the first part, the author describes the independent infinitive in the Polish language referring to the Polish formal structural syntax (Saloni, Świdziński 2012). This is to determine which place is occupied by this unit in a sentence, both in relation to other uses of the infinitive and in comparison to other units with the function of a predicate in statements of the same modality. The French structural equivalent has been determined on the basis of the same criterion of syntax dependency. However, even though both languages have corresponding structures, they do not use them in the same way. Only in Polish it is possible to form sentences with infinitive predicates in the spoken language, in face-to-face conversation. What are the factors that favour choosing this form? The author answers this question in her semantic and pragmatic analysis, conducted in the methodological framework of speech act theory (Searle 1979, Vanderveken 1988). She presents imperatives as a class of speech acts, which are extensively developed and specifies those, which can be executed by means of utterances with infinitive predicates. Additionally, factors of social and psychological character have been taken into consideration, as those which favour selecting the discussed form. What structure constitutes its functional equivalent in the French language? An analysis of a body composed of examples originating primarily from dialogues in contemporary literary works and their approved translations has allowed, on the one hand, to confirm the intuitive belief that grammar forms perform this function, in face-to-face oral communication the French language has only the command mode forms (l’impératif in French). On the other hand, we can launch a discussion about possibilities to translate them into a language which does not allow for an analogous use of the available infinitive structure.
44
I'jam, Dunya Muhammed Miqdad, and Zahraa Kareem Ghannam Farhan Al-Mamouri. "A Pragma-Stylistic Study of Some Selected Fantasy Novels." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n1p516.
Full textAbstract:
The present study tries to investigate the field of pragma-stylistics in literary text in general, and fantasy novels in particular. Therefore, it tries to attest how pragmatic theories are employed stylistically to achieve the aims of the literary writers and to reflect their perceptions. The present study tries to achieve the following aims: Specifying the most dominant categories of speech acts used by characters and the narrator in the two novels to achieve some stylistic effects. Showing how the non-observance of the maxim yield effects on the two levels of interaction, and presenting the most dominant non-observed maxim in the selected fantasy novels. Clarifying the way the difference in the writing period of each novel can affect the readers pragmatically and stylistically through finding out what is the most dominant figure of speech at the character-character level as well as the narrator-reader level of interaction and whether they are employed stylistically or not. The present study is limited to two theories of pragmatics: speech act theory and Grice maxims. And the data of the analysis is limited to the children’s fantasy novels, one is written in the 1950’s, the other in 2000’s. After analysing the data, it is concluded that the most dominant SA that is used is the representative SA. Flouting the maxims yield effects on the two levels of interaction, generating conversational implicature. Finally, the difference in the writing period of each novel affect the readers pragmatically and stylistically through finding out the most dominant figure of speech, which is irony, at the character-character and the narrator-reader level of interaction.
45
Balogh, Andrea, and Ágnes Veszelszki. "Politeness and Insult in Computer Games – From a Pragmatic Point of View." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Communicatio 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 68–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auscom-2020-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In line with the principle of technological determinism, the linguistic context of computer games influences the (linguistic) behaviour of millions of active gamers. This makes it important to explore gamer communication thoroughly with respect to politeness, too. Indeed, the communication of gamers during games may also affect the users’ off-game communicative situations. The international literature suggests that the quasi-anonymity of online communication and the lack or weakness of sanction make it ruder than offline communication: it involves a higher number of insults or offensive personal remarks. The paper looks at this issue, in particular by a pragmatic – politeness-centred – investigation of a particular kind of online insults. The corpus of analysis is provided by “taunts”, i.e. inbuilt instructions triggering “mocking” remarks of League of Legends (LoL), a multiple-participant online arena game. The authors interpret in-game insults in the framework of speech act theory, the Cooperative Principle (conversational and politeness maxims), face threatening, and a matrix of aims and functions. The paper wishes to be a contribution to cyberpragmatics, a pragmatically-oriented branch of Internet linguistics.
46
Мірончук, Тетяна, and Наталія Одарчук. "Іллокуція англомовного дискурсу виправдання (на прикладі творів сучасної художньої англійської та американської прози)." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2016): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2016.3.2.mir.
Full textAbstract:
У статті досліджується актоіллокутивний потенціал англійського побутового дискурсу виправдання шляхом зіставлення іллокутивних характеристик частотних у дискурсі виправдання мовленнєвих актів. Спираючись на змодельовані конструкти змісту виправдання, дифенсивну інтенцію мовця визначено передумовою породження дискурсу виправдання. У результаті вивчення наявних у науковій літературі класифікацій мовленнєвих актів визначено, що домінантна іллокутивна сила дискурсу виправдання включає складові інформування та переконування, що типово представлено констативом та асертивом. Власне мовленнєвий акт виправдання визначено як кредитив з включеною перлокуцією винесення виправдального вердикту, яким регулюється міжсуб’єктна взаємодія.
Література
References
Вендлер З. Причинные отношения // Новое в зарубежной лингвистике. – Вып. 18:Логический анализ естественного языка. – М.: Прогресс, 1986. – С. 264–277.Vendler, Z. (1986). Prichinnije otnoshenija [Causal Relations]. In: New in World Linguistics,(pp. 264-277), Issue 18: Study in Logic of Natural Language. Moscow: Progress.
Вендлер З. Факты в языке // Философия, логика, язык. – М.: Прогресс, 1987. – С. 293–318.Vendler, Z. (1987). Fakti v jazike [Facts in Language], (pp. 293-318). In: Phylosophy, Logic,Language. Moscow: Progress.
Йоргенсен, Марианне В., Филлипс Луиза Дж. (2008). Дискурс-анализ. Теория и метод.Xарьков: Гуманитарный Центр [Humanitarian Centre].Jorgensen, M & Phillips, Louise. (2002). [Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method]. –London; Thousand Oaks; New Delhi.
Карабан В. И. Сложные речевые единицы: прагматика английских асиндетическихполипредикативных образований: [монография] / Карабан В. И. – К.: Вища школа, 1989.Karaban, V. I. (1989). Slozhnije rechevije jedinitsi: pragmatika anglijskikh asindeticheskikhpolipredikativnikh obrazovanii [Complex Speech Acts: Pragmatics of English AsyndeticPolypredicative Formations]. Kyiv: Vyshcha Shkola.
Остин Дж. Слово как действие // Новое в зарубежной лингвистике. – Вып. 17: ТРА. – М. :Прогресс, 1986. – С. 22–129.Austin, J. (1986). Slovo kak deistvije [Word as Action] In: New in World Linguistics, (pp. 22–129), Issue 17: Speech Acts Theory. M.: Progress.
Хилпинен Р. Семантика императивов и деонтическая логика // Новое в зарубежнойлингвистике. – Вып. 18: Логический анализ естественного языка. – М. : Прогресс, 1986. –С. 300–318.Hilpinen, R. (1986). Semantica imperativov i deonticheskaja logica [Semantics of Imperativesand Deontic Logic]. In: New in World Linguistics, (pp. 300–318), Issue 18: Study in Logic ofNatural Language. Moscow: Progress.
Шевченко І. С. Дискурс як мисленнєво-комунікативна діяльність / І. С. Шевченко,О. І. Морозова // Дискурс як когнітивно-комунікативний феномен: [кол. монографія] / [зазаг. ред. І. С. Шевченко]. – Х. : Константа, 2005. – С. 21–28.Shevchenko, I. (2005). Dyskurs jak myslenevo-komunikatyvna diyalnist [Discourse as Mentaland Communicative Activity]. In: Discourse as Cognitive and Communicative Phenomenon,(pp. 21–28). I. Shevchenko, (ed.). Kharkiv: Konstanta.
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do Things with Words. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Auwera, J. van der. (1980). On the Meaning of Basic Speech Acts. Journal of Pragmatics, 4(3), 253–303.
Auwera, J. van der & Alsenoy, L. van. (2016). On the Typology of Negative Concord. Studiesin Language, 40, 473–512.
Bach, K. & Harnish, R. M. (1979). Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts. Cambridge,Mass.: MIT Press.
Ballmer, Th. T. & Brennenstuhl, W. (1981). A Study in the Lexical Analysis of EnglishSpeech Activity Verbs. New York, Berlin: Ruhr-Universität.
Dijk, T. A. van. (1997). The Study of Discourse. In: Discourse as Structure and Process,(pp. 1–35). London: Sage Publications.
Grice, H. P. (1991). Logic & Conversation. Pragmatics, 305–316.
Gruber, H. (1998). Disagreeing: Sequential Placement and Internal Structure of Disagreementsin Conflict Episodes. Text, 4 (18), 467–503.
Habermas, J. (1981). Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns. In: Handlungsrationalität undgesellschaftliche Rationalisierung. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Leech, G. N. (1983). Principles of Pragmatics. New York, London: Longman.
Levinson, S. (1983). Pragmatics. London, New York, Melbourne etc: CUP.
Rees-Miller, J. (2000). Power, severity & context in disagreement. The Journal of Pragmatics,8 (32), 1087–1111.
Searle, J. R. (1979). Expression and Meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schifrin, D. (2001). Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell.
Schlieben Lange, Br. (1975). Linguistische Pragmatik. Stuttgart, Berlin: Kohlhammer.
Stalnaker, R. (1978). Assertion. In: Syntax & Semantics, (pp. 315–333), Vol. 9: Pragmatics.New York, San Francisco, London.
Tatsuki, D. H. (2000). If my complaints could passion move: an interlanguage study ofaggression. The Journal of Pragmatics, 7 (32), 1003–1007.
Tannen, D. (1995). You Just Don’t Understand. N.Y.: University of California.
Tsui, A. B. M. (1995). English Conversation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wunderlich, D. (1980). Methodological Remarks on Speech Act Theory. In: Speech ActTheory & Pragmatics, (pp. 291–312), Vol. 10. Dordrecht : D. Reidel Publ. Comp.
Джерела іллюстративного матеріалу
Sources
Amis, M. (1991). Time’s Arrow. London: Penguin Book.
Christie, A. (1945). Death Comes at the End. London: Fontana.
Francis, D. (1992). Longshot. New York: Fawcett Crest.
Gardner, J. (1987). The Sunlight Dialogues. New York: Vintage Books.
James, P.D. (1977). Death of an Expert Witness. London: Penguin Books.
O’Hara, J. (1985). Ten North Frederik. New York: Carol and Graph Publ.
Pronzini, B. (1990). I didn’t Do It. In: New Crimes, 2, (136–140). London: Robinson Publ.8. Rendel, R. (1985). All Unkindness of Ravens. London: Hutchinson.
47
Susanthi, I. Gusti Ayu Agung Dian, Ketut Artawa, Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya, and Made Sri Satyawati. "Speech Act Taking Place in the Medical Conversation." International Linguistics Research 2, no. 2 (June 12, 2019): p29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v2n2p29.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims at analyzing the maxims in the five categories of speech act on medical conversation of textbook entitled “English for midwives: Practical Guidance For Antenatal care”. The objectives are: (1) To find out the categories of speech act on the medical conversation, (2) To analyze the intended meaning of the speaker, (3) To analyze the cooperative principle that must be concerned on the conversation. There are some theories applied in this study, namely the theory of Speech Act, theory of context of situation, the maxim theory. The result shows that there are three categories of speech act (illocutionary act) found in the conversation, namely: assertive, directives, and expressives. The data (1) shows that the assertive conveys asking information; The data (2) shows directive conveys request; The data (3) shows directive conveys suggestion, there is maxim violation in term of manner found in this data; The data (4) shows directive conveys request; The data (5) shows directive conveys explanation; The data (6) shows directive conveys suggestion, there are maxims violation found in terms of quantity, quality and manner; The data (7) shows expressive conveys asking physiological condition, there are maxims violation in terms of quantity and quality; The data (8) shows expressive conveys asking physiological condition, there are maxims violation in terms of quantity, quality and manner found; The data (9) and (10) show expressives convey asking physiological condition.
48
Sholihatin, Endang. "AN ANALYSIS OF ILLOCUTIONARY AND PERLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACT IN DEFAMATION TEXTS." Journal of Languages and Language Teaching 7, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v7i1.1438.
Full textAbstract:
The number of defamation in Indonesia keeps increasing. It is proven by many public complaints to the police department. The complaint is mostly about speaker speeches in electronic media. The purpose of this research is to analyze illocutionary and perlocutionary speech act about defamation texts in a family conversation through the social media group. Theoretically, this research has significance in linguistics, especially speech act. Practically it gives a concept and knowledge to society about what kind of speech acts that can insult or defile someone’s good name. The method of this research is qualitative. The data of this research is public complaint texts at the police department in East Java. Based on the analysis, the illocutionary speech act in the family conversation through a social media group includes representative, declarative, and directive. Furthermore, the defamation text in perlocutionary speech act in family conversation through social media group shows that the speakers want their partner to be ashamed in the public.
49
Murphy, James. "Revisiting the apology as a speech act." Journal of Language and Politics 14, no. 2 (August 20, 2015): 175–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.14.2.01mur.
Full textAbstract:
By looking at both apologies made in everyday conversation and those made by politicians in public, I aim in this paper to provide a full set of felicity conditions for the speech act of apology. I also discuss how refinements to previously proposed categories of apology strategies are needed to accurately describe how (British) politicians apologise. I endeavour to show that with these refinements, the speech act approach to apologies is applicable to those of a political nature, as well as those in everyday conversation. Using these developments I analyse how Members of the U.K. Parliament apologise for a variety of offences. This analysis shows that MPs make more fulsome apologies than the apologies found in everyday conversation. The type of offence has an effect on how an MP apologises, with apologies for financial irregularities being the more detailed and making use of more conventional strategies than other apologies.
50
Schiffrin, Deborah. "Definiciones de discurso." CPU-e, Revista de Investigación Educativa, no. 13 (July 1, 2011): 181–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/cpue.v0i13.43.
Full textAbstract:
Si bien el análisis del discurso es cada vez más popular y más importante como área de estudio, sigue siendo un campo vasto y, de alguna manera, vago. La meta del libro en su conjunto es clarificar las diversas teorías y métodos del análisis del discurso, de modo que pueda seguir abordando una amplia gama de problemáticas y fenómenos de interés multidisciplinario, pero de una manera más sistemática y coherente. El análisis del discurso es importante no sólo en sí mismo, sino también por lo que aporta a nuestro conocimiento de la lengua, la sociedad y la cultura. El eje del libro es la descripción, aplicación y comparación detallada de seis diferentes enfoques de discurso: la teoría de los actos de habla, la sociolingüística interaccional, la etnografía de la comunicación, la pragmática, el análisis conversacional y el análisis variacionista. Si bien estos enfoques se han originado en diferentes disciplinas, todos ellos buscan responder las mismas preguntas: ¿Cómo organizamos la lengua en unidades que rebasan el límite de la oración? ¿Cómo usamos la lengua para transmitir información sobre el mundo, sobre nosotros mismos y sobre nuestras relaciones sociales? En la primera parte del libro la autora proporciona una visión panorámica de los diferentes enfoques, esbozando, asimismo, el plan general del libro. En el capítulo que nos ocupa, discute específicamente las dificultades que surgen al definir el discurso; dificultades, por cierto, que tienen que ver con la vigencia de dos paradigmas al interior de la lingüística.AbstractWhile discourse analysis is becoming increasingly popular and a more important study area, it still remains a vast and somewhat vague field. The goal of this book is to clarify the theories and methods of discourse analysis, so that it can continue to address a wide range of problems and phenomena of multidisciplinary interest, but in a more systematic and coherent way. Discourse analysis is important not only on its own, but also for what it contributes to our knowledge of language, society, and culture. The core of the book is the description, application, and detailed comparison of six different approaches to discourse analysis: speech act theory, interactional sociolinguistics, ethnography of communication, pragmatics, conversation analysis, and analysis of variance. Whilst these approaches have originated in different disciplines, they all seek to answer some of the same questions: How do we organize language into units that are larger than sentences? How do we use language to convey information about the world, ourselves, and our social relationships? In the first part of the book, the author provides an overview of the different approaches, also outlining the plan of the book. The chapter we are concerned about discusses difficulties in defining discourse; difficulties that are related to the validity of two different paradigms within linguistics.Recibido: 25 de agosto de 2010 Aceptado: 24 de noviembre de 2010