Academic literature on the topic 'Conventional maceration'
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Journal articles on the topic "Conventional maceration"
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Suwarno, Suwarno, K. M. Wittenberg, and W. P. McCaughey. "Comparative characteristics during wilting for alfalfa conditioned by maceration or by a conventional roller-conditioner." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a99-018.
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A study was conducted to monitor nutrient and microbial count changes during wilting of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to varying degrees of maceration at mowing. Early bloom alfalfa was mowed with either a roller-conditioner (CONV) or a macerator set to deliver four degrees of maceration during alfalfa mowing: LIGHT, LIGHT+, SEVERE, and SEVERE+. Macerated alfalfa reached 80% dry matter in 9–11 h compared with alfalfa mowed by roller-conditioner, which required 54 h. The most rapid wilting rates were associated with LIGHT+, SEVERE, and SEVERE+ maceration treatments when alfalfa was not exposed to precipitation. The wilting coefficient in the first 24 h was increased by more than 100% for the SEVERE treatment compared with alfalfa mowed using a conventional roller-conditioner in alfalfa that was not exposed to precipitation. Precipitation at 1.5 h post-mowing increased wilting time by 8.3 h to achieve 45% DM, and by 17.5 to achieve 80% DM in the SEVERE+ maceration treatment relative to alfalfa from the same conditioning treatment that was not exposed to precipitation. Precipitation at 24 h post-mowing increased wilting time to reach 80% DM by 11 h and 21 h for the LIGHT and LIGHT+ maceration treatments relative to alfalfa of the same mowing treatments not exposed to precipitation. Maceration of alfalfa resulted in a 24.2 to 26.8 h shorter wilting time relative to the conventional roller-conditioner treatment when alfalfa was exposed to precipitation at 24 h post-mowing. SEVERE and SEVERE+ maceration treatments at mowing resulted in higher (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre levels post-wilting. Lactic acid bacteria populations on alfalfa tended to be higher with maceration within 1 h post-mowing (P < 0.10) and post-wilting (P < 0.08). Key words: Alfalfa, maceration, precipitation, wilting time, bacteria, nutrient profile, compressibility
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Zaini, Muhammad, Hajrah Hidriya, and Japeri Japeri. "Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Muntingia calabura dengan Variasi Laju Pengadukan Menggunakan Macerator-Magnetic Stirrer (M-MS)." Jurnal Pharmascience 7, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v7i2.9037.
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Maserasi merupakan salah satu metode ekstraksi yang digunakan untuk menarik kandungan kimia dari bahan alam. Macerator Magnetic Stirrer (M-MS) merupakan alat yang dikembangkan untuk memaksimalkan proses maserasi melalui pengadukan secara berkesinambungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan M-MS dalam proses ekstraksi senyawa bahan alam. Parameter yang digunakan yaitu persentase zat terekstraksi (% rendemen) dan aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) ekstrak etanol Muntingia calabura (EEMC) menggunakan metode DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazil). Pengujian dilakukan terhadap simplisia daun Muntingia calabura yang dimaserasi selama 24 jam menggunakan etanol 95% dengan maserator konvensional, M-MS dengan laju pengadukan 200 rpm dan 300 rpm. Pengadukan dengan maserator konvensional dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali setiap 8 jam, sedangkan dengan M-MS dilakukan secara kontinyu selama 24 jam. Nilai % rendemen EEMC dari maserator konevnsional, M-MS 200 rpm dan 300 rpm secara berturut-turut adalah 7,6 %, 8,4 % dan 10,2 %. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan menghasilkan nilai IC50 EEMC dengan maserator konvensional sebesar 18,19 ppm, M-MS 200 rpm adalah 14,35 ppm dan 300 rpm adalah 7,85 ppm. Nilai IC50 untuk masing-masing uji menunjukan < 50 ppm yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat kuat. Ekstraksi EEMC paling efektif adalah menggunakan M-MS dengan laju pengadukan 300 rpm. The maceration is one of the extraction methods used to extract chemical content from natural compounds. Macerator Magnetic Stirrer (M-MS) is a tool developed to maximize the maceration process through continuous stirring. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using M-MS in the process of extracting natural compounds. The parameters used were the percentage of extracted substance (% yield) and antioxidant activity (IC50) of ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura (EEMC) using the DPPH method (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazil). Tests were carried out on the simplicia of Muntingia calabura leaves which were macerated for 24 hours using 95% ethanol with a conventional macerator, M-MS with a stirring rate of 200 rpm and 300 rpm. Stirring with a conventional macerator was carried out 3 times every 8 hours, while with M-MS it was done continuously for 24 hours. EEMC yield value respectively of conventional macerator, M-MS at 200 rpm and 300 rpm showed 7.6 %, 8.4% and 10.2 %. The results of the antioxidant activity test resulted in the IC50 EEMC value with a conventional macerator is 18.19 ppm, M-MS 200 rpm is 14.35 ppm and 300 rpm is 7.85 ppm. The IC50 value for each test shows <50 ppm which is included in the very strong category. The most effective EEMC extraction is using M-MS with a stirring rate of 300 rpm.Keywords: maceration, M-MS, EEMC, antioxidant
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Chuah, Pei Ni, Dhalini Nyanasegaram, Ke-Xin Yu, Rasny Mohamed Razik, Samer Al-Dhalli, Chin Siang Kue, Khozirah Shaari, and Chean Hui Ng. "Comparative conventional extraction methods of ethanolic extracts of Clinacanthus nutans leaves on antioxidant activity and toxicity." British Food Journal 122, no. 10 (July 6, 2020): 3139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2020-0085.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the antioxidant activity and toxicity of Clinacanthus nutans leaves from three conventional extraction methods, i.e. maceration, Soxhlet and magnetic stirring.Design/methodology/approachTotal flavonoid content (TFC) and phenolic content (TPC) were determined using colorimetric method of aluminum chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assay, respectively. Antioxidant property of C. nutans was evaluated using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-pierylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Cytotoxic activity of C. nutans against brine shrimp was evaluated based on LC50 (lethality concentration) after 24 h exposure to the plant extract.FindingsThe highest TPC of C. nutans was observed with Soxhlet extraction method (98.87 ± 10.43 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE/g) followed by maceration (68.77 ± 2.45 mg of GAE/g) and magnetic stirring (46.75 ± 2.45 mg of GAE/g). Interestingly, remarkable highest TFC was observed with magnetic stirring (568.90 ± 4.85 mg of rutin equivalent (RE)/g) followed by maceration (249.60 ± 2.79 mg of RE/g) and Soxhlet (174.8 ± 1.74 mg of RE/g). On the other hands, the extract obtained using maceration method showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50: 14.18 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid 144.36 µg/mL). Cytotoxicity of C. nutans from all extraction methods showed similar LC50 values with maceration (3.81 mg/mL), Soxhlet (2.61 mg/mL) and magnetic stirring (4.56 mg/mL), respectively.Originality/valueBoth phenolic and flavonoids are responsible for the antioxidant activity, of C. nutans extracts. Based on Meyer's toxicity index, all extracts were nontoxic (LC50>1 mg/mL).
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Uğurlu, Serdar, Emine Okumuş, and Emre Bakkalbaşı. "Reduction of bitterness in green walnuts by conventional and ultrasound-assisted maceration." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 66 (September 2020): 105094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105094.
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Faridah, Anni. "Comperation of Porang Flour (morphophallus muelleri) Purification Method : Conventional Maceration (gradient ethanol leaching) and Ultrasonic Maceration Method using Response Surface Methodology." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 6, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.6.2.769.
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El Maaiden, Ezzouhra, Sarah Bouzroud, Boubker Nasser, Khadija Moustaid, Ayoub El Mouttaqi, Mohamed Ibourki, Hassan Boukcim, Abdelaziz Hirich, Lamfeddal Kouisni, and Youssef El Kharrassi. "A Comparative Study between Conventional and Advanced Extraction Techniques: Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Properties of Plant Extracts." Molecules 27, no. 7 (March 23, 2022): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072074.
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This study aimed to compare the influence of extraction methods on the pharmaceutical and cosmetic properties of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). For this purpose, the dried plant materials were extracted using advanced (microwave (MAE), ultrasonic (UAE), and homogenizer (HAE) assisted extractions) and conventional techniques (maceration, percolation, decoction, infusion, and Soxhlet). The tyrosinase, elastase, α-amylase, butyryl, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition were tested by using L-3,4 dihydroxy-phenylalanine, N-Succinyl-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide, butyryl, and acetylcholine as respective substrates. Antioxidant activities were studied by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP. In terms of extraction yield, advanced extraction techniques showed the highest values (MAE > UAE > HAE). Chemical profiles were dependent on the phenolic compounds tested, whereas the antioxidant activities were always higher, mainly in infusion and decoction as a conventional technique. In relation to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic properties, the highest inhibitory activities against α-amylase and acetylcholinesterase were observed for Soxhlet and macerated extracts, whereas the highest activity against tyrosinase was obtained with MAE > maceration > Soxhlet. Elastase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities were in the order of Soxhlet > maceration > percolation, with no activities recorded for the other tested methods. In conclusion, advanced methods afford an extract with high yield, while conventional methods might be an adequate approach for minimal changes in the biological properties of the extract.
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Agbossamey, Y. R., P. Savoie, J. R. Seoane, and H. V. Petit. "Effect of intensity of maceration on digestibility and intake of alfalfa hay and silage fed to sheep." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a99-002.
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A study was conducted to determine the influence of intensity of mechanical conditioning on the nutritive value of alfalfa conserved as hay or silage. Fresh alfalfa was mowed and conditioned at three levels of maceration prior to field wilting during 45 h for silage (29–39% DM) or 94 h for hay (87% DM, after barn-curing), under light rain conditions during the first 2 d. The conditioning treatments were: control (conventional mowing-conditioning), light maceration (one passage through three knurled steel rolls), medium maceration (two passages), and intense maceration (three passages). Concentrations of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, CP-NDF, and CP-ADF increased linearly (P < 0.001) with the level of maceration. Silage pH, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid increased, while lactic acid decreased (P < 0.001), with the level of maceration. The effective rumen degradabilities of DM, CP, and NDF, measured with fistulated cows, were not affected (P > 0.10) by the level of mechanical conditioning. Forty-eight male sheep (46.8 ± 6.7 kg BW) were fed a 100% forage diet according to a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments (two storage methods and four levels of conditioning). Under restricted feeding, DM, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose digestibilities decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with the level of maceration. However, the digestibility of CP-NDF increased with the level of maceration; the effect was more important in hay than in silage (P < 0.001 for the interaction). When silages were fed ad libitum to 24 sheep, daily DMI was 2.31, 2.88, 2.76, and 2.41% of BW and DM digestibility was 60.8, 60.1, 56.2, and 46.7%, for control, light, medium, and intense maceration, respectively (P < 0.01). The results suggest that light maceration increases DM intake while maintaining digestibility of forages fed to sheep. Because of humid conditions and potential soil contamination due to multiple windrow pickup, intense maceration caused severe nutrient loss, which might be avoided under dry field wilting and good storage conditions. Key words: Alfalfa, hay, silage, digestion, degradability, intake
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Lu, Xinjian, Haoduo Yang, Yudong Meng, and Dongying Wang. "Sunflower Oil Flavored by Spearmint through Conventional and Ultrasound-Assisted Maceration: Differences in Oxidative Stability, Microbial Contamination and Sensory Properties." Processes 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10112451.
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The preparation of flavored vegetable oils using spice and herb plants is considered to be an indispensable opportunity for the application of these plants. In the present exploration, sunflower oil (SFO) samples flavored by Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) were prepared using the maceration method (MM) and ultrasound-assisted maceration (UM). The antioxidant effects, sensory evaluation and the oxidative stability during accelerated storage; the physicochemical properties including the levels for acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV) and p-anisidine value (AnV); and the specific extinction values at 232 nm (K232) and 268 nm (K268) of the SFO samples were measured. The contents of beneficial ingredients including chlorophylls, carotenoids, polyphenols and tocopherols, and the micro-organism colonies for yeasts, molds, Listeria monocytogenes and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were determined. The results show that the physicochemical properties, beneficial ingredients, antioxidant effects, sensory attributes and the oxidative stability in accelerated storage were greater in the flavored SFO sample than the control. Therefore, the SFO flavored by spearmint can be developed as flavored vegetable oils, and the ultrasound-assisted maceration can be widely employed in the preparation of flavored vegetable oils in the future.
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Giménez-Rota, Carlota, Susana Lorán, Ana M. Mainar, María J. Hernáiz, and Carmen Rota. "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Antisolvent Fractionation for the Sustainable Concentration of Lavandula luisieri (Rozeira) Riv.- Mart Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Compounds and Comparison with Its Conventional Extracts." Plants 8, no. 11 (October 26, 2019): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8110455.
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Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri is a Spanish subspecies from the Lamiaceae family. Its essential oil has been traditionally used for several medical applications though little is known about other extracts. Similar to many other studies aiming to obtain traditional plant extracts to be used in different applications, this work evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Lavandula luisieri extracts and the correlation with their composition. Traditional hydrodistillation and ethanolic maceration were used to obtain the essential oil and the maceration extract, respectively. A green and sustainable methodology was applied to the maceration extract that was under a Supercritical Antisolvent Fractionation process to obtain a fine solid enriched in rosmarinic acid and the terpenes oleanolic and ursolic acids. Antimicrobial activities of all extracts and pure identified compounds (rosmarinic and ursolic acids) were evaluated against five bacterial strains; Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli and were compared with the pure compounds identified, rosmarinic and ursolic acids. All strains were sensitive against L. luisieri essential oil. The solid product obtained from the supercritical process was concentrated in the identified actives compared to the maceration extract, which resulted in higher antimicrobial and DPPH scavenging activities. The supercritical sustainable process provided L. luisieri compounds, with retention of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, in a powder exemptof organic solvents with potential application in the clinical, food or cosmetic fields.
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Sasaki, Katsunori, and Misao Ichikawa. "Three-dimensional analysis of erythrophagosome in lymph node macrophage by methods of cellular matrix maceration and freeze-replica." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100159448.
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Although many ultrastructural works about erythrophagocytosis in various organs have been accumulated, few has been reported in the lymph node. This study discloses the degradative pathways of the erythrophagosomes in the lymph node macrophages ultrastructurally and three-dimensionally by transmission electron microscopy and the methods of cellual matrix maceration and freezereplica.The portal veins of adult male rats were clamped in the middle with a forceps for 1.5 min after deep anesthesia and laparotomy. At 0.5, 1, 3, 4, 6 hr after the treatment the mesenteric lymph nodes were prepared for cellular matrix maceration, freeze-replica and conventional electron microscopy as follows. CELLULAR MATRIX MACERATION: the lymph nodes fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde for 2 min were postfixed with 1% OsO4 at 4°C for 2 hr, transferred into 70% ethanol, frozen with nitrogen liquid, fractured into two pieces by the blade and macerated in 0.1% OsO4 solution at room temperature for 4 hr.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conventional maceration"
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Belghith, Yosra. "Eco-extraction de biomolécules à haute valeur ajoutée à partir de grignons d’olive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AVIG0119.
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Le grignon d’olive est le coproduit principal généré par le procédé d’extraction de l’huile d’olive. Bien que délétère pour l’environnement, le grignon d’olive est une source potentielle de molécules naturelles bénéfiques pour la santé humaine. Une partie de nos travaux a été consacrée à la caractérisation d’un extrait éthanolique de grignon d’olive. L’analyse par UPLC/MS nous a permis d’identifier 59 métabolites secondaires dont les plus abondants sont l’hydroxytyrosol, le tyrosol, l’oleuropéine aglycone, l’oléoside, l’acide caféique et l’acide pcoumarique. Des tests biologiques ont montré que l’extrait éthanolique était doté d’activité antioxydante, antidiabétique et analgésique. Une deuxième partie s’est focalisée sur l’optimisation des rendements d’extraction des polyphénols du grignon d’olive à l’aide de technologies d’extraction éco-responsables. Ces travaux nous ont amené à conclure que les conditions optimales d’extraction ont été obtenues pour un ratio de (60/40) (EtOH/H2O) à l’aide du procédé d’extraction accélérée par solvant. Dans une dernière partie, une nouvelle approche a été développée visant l’optimisation de l’extraction des composés phénoliques en considérant des huiles végétales comme solvant d’extraction. Basé sur un plan factoriel complet à trois facteurs (type d’huile, température et technique d’extraction), nous avons pu montrer que les conditions optimales de l’extraction des polyphénols du grignon étaient l’extraction assistée par ultrasons dans l’huile d’olive à 65°COlive pomace is the main by-product generated through olive oil extraction. Although toxic to the environment, olive pomace is an important source of natural products beneficial to human health. Part of our work focuses on an ethanolic extract of pomace. UPLC/MSanalyses allowed us to identify 59 secondary metabolites, the most abundant of which are hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein aglycone, oléoside, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid. In addition, biological tests have shown that the ethanolic extract has antioxidant, anti-diabetic and analgesic activities. A second part based on the optimization of polyphenol extraction yields from olive pomace was carried out. This work led us to conclude that 60:40 EtOH: H2O was the best extraction solvent ratio and that “accelerated solvent extraction” was the best extraction process. In the last part, a new approach was developed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds using vegetable oils as extraction solvent. Based on a complete factorial design with three factors (type of oil, temperature and extraction technique), we have concluded that the optimal conditions for the extraction of polyphenols from pomace are as follows: extraction with olive oil at 65°C using ultrasound-assisted extraction
Conference papers on the topic "Conventional maceration"
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Đelić, Gorica, Milica Pavlović, and Vesna Velicković. "Qualitative content of selected phenolic compounds in different extracts of plant species Iris pumila L." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.555dj.
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The aim of this paper is to determine the content of selected phenolic compounds and to find the appropriate optimal extraction agent for the extraction of phenolic compounds from the plant species Iris pumila L. The content of total phenols and flavonoids in the rhizome and aboveground parts of the plant was determined by the application of the spectrophotometric method in the examined extracts obtained by the maceration method. By comparatively analyzing the application of two solvents for extraction, we concluded that the application of methanol in the conventional maceration technique contributes to a higher yield of phenolic compounds. Using methanol as a solvent, it was found that the content of selected phenolic compounds in the rhizome (28.57 mg/g extract total phenolic and for total flavonoids 24.21 mg/g extract) compared to ethyl acetate as solvent. Tested extracts of parts of Iris pumila L. plant contain high levels of phenolic compounds and are suitable for use as a source of compounds with pronounced antioxidant activity.
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Mirbolooki, Hanieh, and Shamim Moghadami. "Breaking Carbon Bonds of the Colors Existing in the Industrial Wastewaters and Color Reduction by Plant-Based Coagulants." In 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.44.
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Colored effluents destroy aquatic lives because of existing non-biodegradable aromatic hydrocarbons which lead to serious threats for human and environment. Using chemical coagulants for industrial wastewater treatment is one of the conventional methods which, secondary pollution caused by residual sludge, limited removal of dissolved organic carbon in wastewater, high volume of sludge and bad effect on human health has faced a challenge applying this type of coagulants. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the production of coagulants using available and local plants, including Spinacia oleracea and Hibiscus cannabinus as eco-friendly coagulants which are able to remove these hard to treatment pollutants by breaking carbon bonds in aromatic rings as the main components of the colors’ chemical compounds existing in industrial wastewaters. The plant extracts of Spinacia oleracea and Hibiscus cannabinus were obtained through maceration method (soaking and shaking the plant seeds in water at a given time) and 5 doses of 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 mg/L of plant coagulants were prepared. In this research, the coagulants were used to treat the real-colored industrial wastewater. In the optimum treatment conditions of 100 mg/L coagulant dose and pH 7, high color reduction (>74%) were obtained by both plant extracts (plant coagulants). FT-IR spectra were performed on the plant extracts to identify the existing carbon destruction agents in active extracts. It should be mentioned that the only applied solvent for extracting the natural coagulant seeds was distilled water, and none of the other solvents such as NaCl and NaOH were used.