Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conventional identification'
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Stuczen, Monika. "Conventional and molecular approaches for bacterial identification and quantification in chronic wounds." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2013. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/303754/.
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Wounds present an ideal environment for the growth of bacteria as they are usually moist and warm. The impact of bacteria on wound healing and developing infection is debatable and only partially understood. Some clinicians believe that the number of bacteria is a crucial factor in determining whether the wound is likely to heal. Others argue that the presence of specific pathogens and their interactions are the main cause of non-healing wounds. Also, the methodology of wound culture has been prone to controversy for many years. Most diagnostic laboratories use conventional microbiological techniques to indicate if there are pathogens in a wound. Some specialists still argue that greater than 105 organisms per gram of tissue is diagnostic for infection. Introduction of new molecular techniques have shown that only a small percentage of bacteria are identified and they grown in biofilms, which makes sampling difficult. In this project, the aspect of sample collection and transport was investigated as well as the conventional and molecular approaches for bacteria identification and quantification. Four different swab transport systems were tested for their ability to maintain viability of the most common wound bacteria during transport and their performance with molecular methods in order to establish the best swab transport devices for further testing on patients. The most satisfactory results were achieved with Sigma dry swabs and this swab remained the best choice for further in vivo studies involving both conventional and molecular techniques of bacteria identification and quantification. The semi-quantitative swab and biopsy culture was compared with quantitative culture to establish the best method for bacteria culture. Our findings demonstrated a statistically strong significant correlation between semi-quantitative and quantitative swab and biopsy methods and use of semi-quantitative count as a cost effective method compared to quantitative serial dilutions. However, when time is important rapid methods should be employed thus Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed for the direct and rapid detection of MRSA and compared with conventional methods. The diagnostic values of the RT-PCR assay for the detection of mecA and femB genes were as follows: sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 88.5%, PPV 62.5% and NPV 95.8%. Quantitative analysis revealed that the average difference between the MRSA counts obtained using the RT-PCR and conventional culture results was 0.61 log. These findings show the potential of the RT-PCR assay in rapid detection and quantification of MRSA. Development of a RT-PCR assay for MRSA detection was the first step in developing a multiplex RT-PCR assay for chronic wound samples. In further studies, a DGGE-sequencing method was developed for the analysis of the diversity of microflora in chronic wounds and healthy feet and compared with conventional methods. DGGE-sequencing allowed identification of a number of strains not detected by culture techniques with 43% of the DGGE fragments representing organisms not cultured from the wound from which they had been amplified. This highlights the fact that a significant proportion of the resident microflora was not able to be analysed by culture. Development of PCR-DGGE sequencing and investigation of the diversity of microflora in chronic wounds allowed us to select the panel of microorganisms for the further development of multiplex RT-PCR assay for the rapid detection of bacteria in chronic wounds.
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Jansen, van Vuuren Samuel Jacobus. "Identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses using conventional and molecular techniques." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57309.
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Staphylococcus aureus is a coagulase-positive, Gram-positive, coccal bacterium. It is one of the leading causes of both skin and invasive infections. It plays an important role in diagnostics and treatment due to its ability to develop resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA is an important nosocomial pathogen in both humans and animals due to its resistance to all ?-lactam antimicrobial agents. Colonization of MRSA in horses poses a great concern. This is considered an important risk factor for development of staphylococcal related diseases in horses admitted to veterinary hospitals. Colonized horses can also be a source of zoonotic MRSA infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection based on a PCR reaction is commonly used and various types of PCR-based assays were developed to assist in early detection of MRSA. The main aim of the study was to compare the currently used conventional microbiological techniques with a published multiplex PCR assay targeting the mecA, spa and pvl genes for the rapid and accurate identification of MRSA in horses admitted to the Onderstepoort Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pretoria. A total of 50 isolates, which consists of isolates from horses and their immediate environment, were included in the study of which 94% (n=47) were shown to be infected with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus using conventional microbiological techniques. The remaining three gave inconsistent results. Their isolates were obtained, DNA was extracted and subjected to the multiplex PCR assay. The PCR results indicated that both the mecA and spa genes were present in 72% (n=36) of these isolates, indicative of MRSA strains. In 20% (n=10) of the isolates, only the spa gene could be detected; suggesting that these cannot be classified as being methicillin resistant. The pvl gene could not be detected in any of the isolates tested. A total of four isolates (8%) yielded results that were inconsistent with being MRSA using molecular identification. Overall there was a good correlation between genotypic analysis by PCR and phenotypic determination using S. aureus species identification and susceptibility testing methods. The multiplex PCR assay had a detection limit of 2.18 x 108 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml. This detection limit is higher compared to other published molecular identification techniques used for Staphylococcus aureus but sensitive enough for the accurate detection of MRSA in overnight cultured isolates. Results suggest that the current PCR assay could be used as a supplementary diagnostic method in the routine diagnosis for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of S. aureus and its associated antibiotic resistance genes in equine samples.Mini Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
MSc
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Zhao, Liwei. "Identification of pharmacological agents that induce HMGB1 release and inhibitors of conventional protein secretion." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS134.
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Le système RUSH, de l’anglais « Retention using selective hook » est un système développé récemment qui permet d'analyser et de quantifier en temps réel le transport d'une grande diversité de protéines. Le système RUSH permet, grâce à un excès de molécules de Streptavidine (Str.) dirigées dans différents compartiments cellulaires (appelées les hameçons), de retenir des protéines appelées les rapporteurs, comportant un biocapteur fluorescent tel que la GFP (« Green fluorescent protein ») fusionné avec un peptide SBP (« Streptavidin-binding peptide »). L’addition de biotine dans le milieu perturbe l’interaction entre SBP et la Streptavidine, libérant ainsi les rapporteurs de leur hameçon. Basé sur le système RUSH, nous avons établi une méthode de criblage pour identifier des agents pharmacologiques dotés de la capacité à induire la libération d’HMGB1 (« High Mobility Group Box 1 »). La translocation d’HMGB1 depuis le noyau vers le cytoplasme, ainsi que sa sécrétion ou libération passive dans l'espace extracellulaire à travers les membranes plasmiques perméabilisées, représente un signal de danger essentiel à l’activation du système immunitaire. Dans ce système RUSH modifié, une protéine de fusion du Str-NLS3 a été utilisée comme un hameçon nucléaire pour retenir la protéine chimère constituée d'HMGB1, SBP et GFP (HMGB1-SBP-GFP). Lorsque de la biotine est ajoutée en combinaison à des chimiothérapies inductrices de la mort cellulaire immunogène (ICD) telles que les anthracyclines, elle se lie de manière compétitive à Str-NLS3 et permet la libération et la translocation nucléo-cytoplasmique des rapporteurs HMGB1-SBP-GFP. Nous avons utilisé ce système pour des criblages à haut débit visant à identifier des agents induisant le relargage d’HMGB1. Les agents identifiés appartiennent à trois catégories différentes : les inducteurs connus de l’ICD, les inhibiteurs des microtubules et les modificateurs épigénétiques. Leur effet a été confirmé par des méthodes multiples de mesure de la quantité protéique d’HMGB1 nucléaire, cytoplasmique et extracellulaire dans des cellules humaines et murines in vitro ainsi que dans le plasma de souris. Nos données révèlent également que ces agents induisent la libération d’HMGB1 par des mécanismes distincts : arrêt du cycle cellulaire, acétylation des histones ou effets « on-target » par l'inhibition d’ADN méthyltransférase. Il serait alors intéressant d'étudier si les effets décrits ici peuvent contribuer aux effets immunostimulateurs des médicaments utilisés pour le traitement de cancers ou de maladies parasitaires.Le système RUSH permettant la synchronisation et la quantification de la sécrétion des protéines du réticulum endoplasmique (RE) vers l'appareil de Golgi, il permet de cribler un grand nombre de composés afin d’identifier des inhibiteurs des sécrétions candidates. Nous avons conçu et construit une lignée cellulaire humaine exprimant les chimères SBP-GFP sécrétables ainsi que les hameçons Str-KDEL ciblant l’ER ; la biotine permet donc la libération du rapporteur par les voies de sécrétion classiques. Nous avons identifié et validé plusieurs médicaments qui sont capables d’inhiber la sécrétion de protéines : les anti-angineux, les antidépresseurs, les anti-helminthiques, anti-psychotiques, anti-protozoaires, et agents immunosuppresseurs. Ces composés varient dans leur capacité à inhiber la synthèse des protéines et de compromettre la morphologie du RE ou l'intégrité du Golgi. Les données ont ensuite été soumises à une analyse bio-informatique et cette procédure a permis l'identification de quatre groupes en fonction de leur mode d'action. Cette partie démontre la faisabilité et l'utilité d'un nouvel essai de criblage phénotypique basé sur le système RUSH. Nous avons conçu des systèmes de HSC (« High Content Screening ») basés sur le système RUSH, qui ont permis l'identification d'agents pharmacologiques induisant la libération d’HMGB1, ainsi que des inhibiteurs de la sécrétion protéiqueThe retention using selective hooks (RUSH) system allows withholding load cargoes with fluorescent biosensor such as green fluorescent proteins (GFP) fused to a streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP) by an excess of streptavidin (Str) molecules that are addressed to different subcellular localizations. Addition of biotin competitively disrupts this interaction, liberating the reporter from its hook. Based on the RUSH system, we developed a screening assay to identify pharmacological agents endowed with HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) releasing capacities. The translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and its secretion or passive release through the permeabilized plasma membrane constitutes a major cellular danger signal. Extracellular HMGB1 can interact with specific pattern recognition receptors to stimulate pro-inflammatory and immunostimulatory pathways. In this modified RUSH system, a Str-NLS3 fusion protein was used as a nuclear hook to seize SBP fused with HMGB1 and GFP. When combined with biotin, which competitively binds to Stre-NLS3 to free the HMGB1-SBP-GFP, immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers such as anthracyclines were able to cause the nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1-SBP-GFP. We used this system for high-content screenings (HCS) to identify HMGB1 releasing agents. Hits fell into three functional categories: known ICD inducers, microtubule inhibitors, and epigenetic modifiers. Their effective action was confirmed by multiple methods monitoring nuclear, cytoplasmic and extracellular HMGB1 pools, both in cultured human or murine cells, as well as in mouse plasma. These agents induced HMGB1 release through a whole set of distinct mechanisms, cell cycle arrest, histone acetylation, or on-target effect. It will be interesting to learn whether such effects may contribute to the immunostimulatory effects of drugs that are used to treat malignant disease or worm infection. For HCS of identification of pharmacological inhibitors of conventional protein secretion, we constructed a human cell line co-expressing soluble secretory-SBP-GFP (ss-SBP-GFP) and Str-KDEL hook within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, and biotin addition releases the reporter, ss-SBP-GFP via the conventional Golgi-dependent protein secretion pathway into the culture supernatant. We identified and validated a series of molecularly unrelated drugs including antianginal, antidepressant, anthelmintic, antipsychotic, antiprotozoal and immunosuppressive agents that inhibit protein secretion. These compounds vary in their capacity to suppress protein synthesis and to compromise ER morphology and Golgi integrity, as well as in the degree of reversibility of such effects. These data was then subjected to bioinformatics analysis including correlation analyses, non-supervised hierarchical clustering, and principal component analysis and led to the identification of 4 clusters of agents. We demonstrate the feasibility and utility of a novel RUSH-based phenotypic screening assay. In summary, we built HCS systems based on the improved RUSH sysytem for identification of agents that induce HMGB1 release or inhibit conventional protein secretion
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Wallace, Darrell Richard. "A comparative analysis of a conventional versus a computer-assisted technique for identification of mechanical power press hazards." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141670152.
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Awakura, Yasuo. "Microarray-based identification of CUB-domain containing protein 1 as a potential prognostic marker in conventional renal cell carcinoma." Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124251.
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Abedin, Zainal. "The identification of novel urine biomarkers of chronic kidney disease that offer better prediction of progression than conventional clinical methods." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13805/.
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. A major limitation of therapeutic interventions is failure of identification at early and intermediate stages. The current markers of CKD like albuminuria, proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are typically altered when the kidney has already experienced moderate to severe damage. Therefore, there is a requirement to search for new biomarkers for the better identification of CKD. The overall aim of this project was to look for new protein markers that could be assayed in patients’ urine. Potential new candidate markers of CKD progression were identified by reviewing recent literature and by exploring the cytokine contents of patient urine samples through array-based multiplex immunological assays. These literature searches identified KIM-1, MCP-1 and NGAL, which are already used as markers of acute kidney injury, as possible new markers of CKD. Additionally the results of array-based immunological assays (Proteome Profiler Arrays) identified CXCL-16, DPP-IV, leptin and IL-8 as potential biomarkers. Our hypothesis was that the urine levels of these proteins might reflect the extent of fibrosis and thus the rate of CKD progression. This was tested by performing ELISA assays of our candidates on urine samples from a cohort of 262 patients with various types of CKD and rate of progression and, for controls, from 47 healthy individuals. Patients were categorised as non-progressors or progressors based on loss of eGFR per year (≤ 2 and > 2ml/min/yr, respectively). The predictive potential of the candidate markers were then assessed through statistical analyses of the ELISA results. The results suggest that KIM-1 predicts the progression of CKD, though less accurately than the current clinical marker albumin: creatinine ratio (ACR). DPP-IV and CXCL-16 also appear to predict progression for diabetic patients and CXCL-16 also seem to be predictive for hypertensive patients. Finally, at the end of the project, a pilot quantitative analysis of urine proteomes by mass spectrometry was undertaken to identify new candidate markers using the iTRAQ methodology. While the power of this pilot study was limited, it identified 4 possible candidate markers (Apolipoprotein-A1, Cathepsin-D, Fibrinogen and haemoglobin β) and identified the technical requirements for planning more successful new attempts in the future. The predictive value of the candidates identified by iTRAQ remains to be assayed in future studies.
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Kinney, Erinna Lea. "Isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of (Enterococccus) spp. and (Salmonella) spp. from conventional poultry farms transitioning to organic farming practices." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9315.
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Thesis (M.P.H.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Public and Community Health. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Hatcher, Anthony. "Comparison of Micrscan Identification and Susceptibility Testing Methods for Streptococcus Dysgalactiae to Conventional Biochemical Reactions and Kirby-Bauer Susceptibility Testing Methods." TopSCHOLAR®, 1994. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/970.
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A total of 100 isolates of Streptococcus dysgalact iae from bovine mastitis infections was used to evaluate and compare the biochemical reactions of the gram positive Combo Type 6 panel on the MicroScan autoSCANR system to a conventional procedure for identification of streptococci. Of the 100 isolates, 83.3% was identified as "Very Rare Biotype" by the MicroScan and classified as S. dysgalactiae by conventional methods. Of the remaining 16.7%, MicroScan identified 3.3% as Streptococcus morbillorum, 3.3% as Aerococcus viridians, 3.3% as Streptococcus constellatum/milleri, 1.7% as Streptococcus agalactiae, 1.7% as Streptococcus mitis, 1.7% as Streptococcus sanguis, and 1.7% as Streptococcus intermidis/rni 1 leri. The identification of bacteria other than Very Rare Biotype can be attributed to code profiles listed in the MicroScan which demonstrate biochemical reactions similar to S. dysgalact iae. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 94 S. dysgalactiae isolates to 16 antibiotics was determined by the MicroScan system. Of the antibiotics tested, each demonstrated greater than 85% susceptibility against the 94 strains of S. dysgalactiae. Of the 16 antibiotics used in the MicroScan, nine were compared to the standard Kirby-Bauer method and/or results obtained from the literature. S. dysgalactiae was reported as sensitive to penicillin on 89.4% of the strains tested by the MicroScan, 98.4% by the Kirby-Bauer method, and 98.0% by the literature references. In testing 94 strains for susceptibility to gentamicin by two methods, MicroScan resulted in 98.0% comparability to literature values but 83.6% to the Kirby-Bauer technique. The other antibiotics tested on the MicroScan and compared to the Kirby-Bauer and/or literature values illustrated a comparison of greater than 90%. In this study, 36 isolates of S. dysgalactiae demonstrating resistance to tetracycline, single, and multiple antibiotics were analyzed for plasmids. The evidence of plasmids was not detected as analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. All 100 isolates of S. dysgalactiae, with the exception of one, were tested serologically for the presence of C antigen. Each isolate tested was classified as a Group C streptococci. Each of the 100 isolates was stored in 5% sheep red blood cells at -20°C for one year. Each isolate was revived, with the exception of one, and demonstrated characteristic streptococcal colony morphology. The storage recovery rate was 99% and is an acceptable storage method for streptococci.
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Bowen, Jane Elizabeth. "Factors affecting conventional and molecular detection of Bacillus anthracis in the environment and the stability of B. anthracis identification plasmids PX01 and PX02 in vitro." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58018/.
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Conventional and molecular methods for the improved detection of B. anthracis in environmental material were studied. A system was developed which combines a selective enrichment broth with two-phase concentration using polyethylene glycol and potassium phosphate to form the two immiscible phases. The enrichment broth alone, based on polymyxin B sulphate, lysozyme, EDTA and thallous acetate, which comprise PLET agar (PLETA), allowed the selective recovery of B. anthracis from a mixture of B. anihracis and closely related B. cereus. When soil was added to the broth, however, B. anthracis was rapidly overgrown by other naturally occurring Bacillus species. Recovery of B. anlhracis was improved by using semi-solid PLET broth or by adding chelating agents or the monobactam antibiotic aztreonam to the broth. The combination of chemicals required for optimal recovery of B. anthracis varied according to the composition of the soil. Use of the two-phase concentration system showed that in soil B. anthracis spores are generally attached to soil particles and need to be separated before they can be concentrated. Separation was achieved by pre-soaking the soil in water. The sensitivity of standard PLETA is approximately 5- 50 spores per gram of soil depending on the sample composition. The system finally recommended for the most reliable and sensitive detection of spores in soil achieved an average 25 fold greater sensitivity than PLETA. Further enrichment of the B. anthrcicis concentrate obtained using the optimised enrichment method allowed the PCR detection of B. cinthracis DNA. The sensitivity of the PCR was affected by the composition of the soil. In the absence of inhibition the PCR detection limit was approximately 10 - 100 spores per gram. A multiplex PCR was developed which targets DNA from pXO1, pX02 and the B. anthracis chromosome. The PCR allowed the rapid identification of colonies suspected of being B. anthracis. In addition to being essential for the definitive identification of B. anthracis, the ability to determine the presence of virulence plasmids in B. anthracis has reduced the need to use animals for virulence tests. Attenuated pX01+/pX02- or pX01-/pX02- strains of B. anthracis are occasionally found in the environment. Naturally occurring pX01-/pX02- derivatives have not been isolated. No other plasmid DNA has been identified in B. anthracis. To examine the nature of the stability of pX01 and pX02 in B. anthracis, the effect of selective pressure for non-indigenous plasmid DNA that had been introduced into B. nnthracis was studied. A plasmid based on the minimal replicon of pAMß 1 (pAEX-5E, 5.8. kb) was found to be stable in pX01+/pX02- and pX01-/pX02+ derivatives of B. anthracis for more than 100 generations of growth. In the pX01+/pX02- and pX01+/pX02- derivatives of B. anthracis, pAEX-5E was expelled within 105 culture generations. Loss of pAEX-5E was most rapid in the pX01+/pX02- derivative. Plasmids pXOI and pX02 both remained stable under selection pressure for pAEX-5E, and in the pX01+/pX02- derivative retention of pX01 led to a reduction in growth rate. This indicates that, in the absence of pX02, B. anlhracis will endure a significant metabolic compromise in order to retain pX01. This study has provided extensive new information about the selective recovery of B. anthracis. in environmental material and novel'data about the stability of identity plasmids pXO1 and pX02 under selective pressure for non-indigenous plasmid DNA.
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Ivanov, Valentin [Verfasser], Klaus [Gutachter] Augsburg, Johann [Gutachter] Reger, and Roland [Gutachter] Kasper. "Advanced automotive active safety systems : focus on integrated chassis control for conventional and electric vehicles with identification of road conditions / Valentin Ivanov ; Gutachter: Klaus Augsburg, Johann Reger, Roland Kasper." Ilmenau : Universitätsbibliothek Ilmenau, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148438866/34.
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Mercatali, Laura <1977>. "Evaluation of Antitumoral activity of bone targeted drugs/conventional chemotherapies and identification of biomarkers for the selection of patients with breast cancer for the bone targeted therapy in adjuvant setting." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6394/1/Mercatali_Laura_tesi.pdf.
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Bone metastases are responsible for different clinical complications defined as skeletal-related events (SREs) such as pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, hypercalcaemia, bone marrow infiltration and severe bone pain requiring palliative radiotherapy. The general aim of these three years research period was to improve the management of patients with bone metastases through two different approaches of translational research. Firstly in vitro preclinical tests were conducted on breast cancer cells and on indirect co-colture of cancer cells and osteoclasts to evaluate bone targeted therapy singly and in combination with conventional chemotherapy. The study suggests that zoledronic acid has an antitumor activity in breast cancer cell lines. Its mechanism of action involves the decrease of RAS and RHO, as in osteoclasts. Repeated treatment enhances antitumor activity compared to non-repeated treatment. Furthermore the combination Zoledronic Acid + Cisplatin induced a high antitumoral activity in the two triple-negative lines MDA-MB-231 and BRC-230. The p21, pMAPK and m-TOR pathways were regulated by this combined treatment, particularly at lower Cisplatin doses. A co-colture system to test the activity of bone-targeted molecules on monocytes-breast conditioned by breast cancer cells was also developed.
Another important criticism of the treatment of breast cancer patients, is the selection of patients who will benefit of bone targeted therapy in the adjuvant setting. A retrospective case-control study on breast cancer patients to find new predictive markers of bone metastases in the primary tumors was performed. Eight markers were evaluated and TFF1 and CXCR4 were found to discriminate between patients with relapse to bone respect to patients with no evidence of disease. In particular TFF1 was the most accurate marker reaching a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 79%. This marker could be a useful tool for clinicians to select patients who could benefit for bone targeted therapy in adjuvant setting.
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Mercatali, Laura <1977>. "Evaluation of Antitumoral activity of bone targeted drugs/conventional chemotherapies and identification of biomarkers for the selection of patients with breast cancer for the bone targeted therapy in adjuvant setting." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6394/.
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Bone metastases are responsible for different clinical complications defined as skeletal-related events (SREs) such as pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, hypercalcaemia, bone marrow infiltration and severe bone pain requiring palliative radiotherapy. The general aim of these three years research period was to improve the management of patients with bone metastases through two different approaches of translational research. Firstly in vitro preclinical tests were conducted on breast cancer cells and on indirect co-colture of cancer cells and osteoclasts to evaluate bone targeted therapy singly and in combination with conventional chemotherapy. The study suggests that zoledronic acid has an antitumor activity in breast cancer cell lines. Its mechanism of action involves the decrease of RAS and RHO, as in osteoclasts. Repeated treatment enhances antitumor activity compared to non-repeated treatment. Furthermore the combination Zoledronic Acid + Cisplatin induced a high antitumoral activity in the two triple-negative lines MDA-MB-231 and BRC-230. The p21, pMAPK and m-TOR pathways were regulated by this combined treatment, particularly at lower Cisplatin doses. A co-colture system to test the activity of bone-targeted molecules on monocytes-breast conditioned by breast cancer cells was also developed.
Another important criticism of the treatment of breast cancer patients, is the selection of patients who will benefit of bone targeted therapy in the adjuvant setting. A retrospective case-control study on breast cancer patients to find new predictive markers of bone metastases in the primary tumors was performed. Eight markers were evaluated and TFF1 and CXCR4 were found to discriminate between patients with relapse to bone respect to patients with no evidence of disease. In particular TFF1 was the most accurate marker reaching a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 79%. This marker could be a useful tool for clinicians to select patients who could benefit for bone targeted therapy in adjuvant setting.
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Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Ha. "Combining machine learning and reference-free transcriptome analysis for the identification of prostate cancer signatures Reference-free transcriptome exploration reveals novel RNAs for prostate cancer diagnosis A Comparative Analysis of Reference-Free and Conventional Transcriptome Signatures for Prostate Cancer Prognosis." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL069.
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Par sa capacité à capturer la diversité complète des transcrits produits par chaque cellule, la technologie de séquençage d’ARN à haut-débit (RNA-seq) a révolutionné notre vision de l’expression des gènes. Les données RNA-seq sont de plus en plus utilisées en médecine de précision afin d'établir les profils moléculaires des tumeurs, ou pour étudier des réseaux de gènes régissant l'adaptation d'une cellule à son environnement. Cependant, l’analyse RNA-seq qui classiquement se base sur la comparaison avec des séquences géniques de référence, est incapable d'identifier une grande part des ARN aberrants produits dans les maladies par altération du génome ou des processus de maturation. Notre projet vise à exploiter un nouveau concept pour l'analyse du transcriptome fondé sur des "étiquettes", ou k-mers, représentant l'intégralité des variations de séquences observées dans un transcriptome. Nous avons appliqué ce concept à la découverte de signatures diagnostiques ou pronostiques à partir de données RNA-seq du cancer de la prostate. A cette fin, nous avons appliqué différentes méthodes de réduction de dimension et de sélection de variable utilisées dans l'analyse transcriptomique classique. En raison de la très grande dimension des matrices de k-mers, ces méthodes ont nécessité des adaptations afin de réduire de manière drastique le nombre de variables à analyser. Nous sommes parvenu à établir un protocole informatique capable de réduire efficacement une matrice de k-mers issue du séquençage de plusieurs centaines de transcriptomes. A l'aide de ce protocole, nous avons pû produire de nouvelles signatures diagnostiques et pronostiques pour le cancer de la prostate. Ces signatures "sans référence" ne nécessitent pas de connaissance a priori sur le génome ou le transcriptome humain et sont au moins aussi performantes que les signatures géniques conventionnelles. De plus ces signatures contiennent des séquences d'ARN jamais identifiées, correspondant notamment à des variants d'ARNm ou à de nouveaux longs ARN non-codants qui pourront orienter les biologistes vers de nouveaux mécanismes d'oncogénèseWith its ability to capture the full diversity of transcripts produced by each cell, high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has revolutionized our view of gene expression. RNA-seq data are increasingly used in precision medicine to establish the molecular profiles of tumors, or to study gene networks governing the adaptation of a cell to its environment. However, RNA-seq analysis, which is conventionally based on comparison with reference gene sequences, is unable to identify a large fraction of abnormal RNA transcripts produced in disease tissues, through defects in the genome or in RNA processing. Our project aims to exploit a new concept for the analysis of transcriptomes based on short sequence labels, or k-mers, representing all of the sequence variations observed in a given transcriptome dataset. We applied this concept to the discovery of diagnostic or prognostic signatures from RNA-seq data of prostate cancer. To this end, we applied different dimension reduction and variable selection methods used in classical transcriptomic analysis. Due to the very large dimension of the k-mer matrices, these methods required specific adaptations in order to drastically reduce the number of variables to be analyzed. We established a computer pipeline capable of effectively reducing a k-mer matrix obtained from the sequencing of several hundred transcriptomes. Using this pipeline, we were able to produce new diagnostic and prognostic signatures for prostate cancer. These "reference-free" signatures do not require a priori knowledge of the human genome or transcriptome and are at least as effective as conventional gene signatures. In addition, these signatures contain novel RNA sequences corresponding to mRNA variants or new long non-coding RNAs. These novel RNAs involved in cancer risk may orient biologists towards new oncogenesis mechanisms
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Kozubovskaya-Pellé, Anastasiya. "De la qualité juridique de transporteur maritime de marchandises : notion et identification." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT4016.
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Connaître à qui revient la qualité de transporteur maritime impose de saisir les contours juridiques de la notion de transporteur maritime ainsi que de l'identifier. La qualité juridique de transporteur maritime souffre une sorte de dédoublement. Elle est essentiellement contractuelle car elle a trait à un contrat. Elle est aussi légale dans la mesure où cette qualité incombe à toute personne axant exécuté le déplacement maritime (transporteur effectif) et cela même si l'action dirigée contre elle est de nature extra-contractuelle (la question de l'action contractuelle dans les groupes de contrats revient à l'ordre du jour avec l'avant-projet de réforme CATALA). Enfin, la qualité de transporteur maritime est « réelle » dans la mesure où elle «s'attache» traditionnellement au navire (par le biais de l'action in rem, du droit anglais) ou à la propriété de celui-ci, et tout particulièrement. En cas de difficulté à identifier le transporteur maritime contractuel. Cette solution est récemment réitérée par la Convention CNUDCI 2008. Le navire est «l'instrument» privilégié de contraindre l'armateur, au moyen de la saisie conservatoire du navire auquel la créance se rapporte (ou de son sister-ship),de garantir la dette du transporteur maritime. La question de savoir qui est le propriétaire «véritable» du navire est rendue difficile par la pratique des single ship companies. Les tribunaux français, réputés relativement cléments aux débiteurs, semblent aujourd'hui user plus prudemment des théories de l'apparence et de la fictivité sociétaire afin d'attribuer la qualité de transporteur maritime à une société du groupe autre que la société formellement débitriceThe carrier of goods by sea is commonly held to be the one who contracts in this capacity (called “contractual carrier"), but it may also be the one who actually execute the carriage (“actuel carrier") since, even when he is sued in tort, the legal regime of carriage of goods by sea is applied to him by the force of the law (he is then a sort of "legal" carrier). Incidentally, CATALA civil French law reform is currently proposing to open the contract action to ail parties to a group of contracts. The carrier may then be a shipowner or even sometimes a ship itself (when sued in rem), and this happens particulary then the contractual carrier is not duly identified in the bill of lading. The UNCITRAL Convention 2008 on the international carriage of goods has recently reiterated this principle putting a shipowner in the position of a presumed carrier. While the concept of contractual carrier is predominant in French law, in English law, the maritime carrier is still first of ail as a shipowner. The action in rem and saisie conservatoire (used to enforce a maritime lien (or privilege) for cargo damage) are the powerful means of pressure at cargo owner disposal. The French courts are known to be more favorable (while this tendency currently goes down) than the English ones to the demands of the claimants willing to pierce the corporate veil and to prove that the prosperous mother company of the group is the true shipowner rather than its single ship affiliate (especially in case of single ship companies). The fictivity theory commonly used in France is not welcomed by the English courts applying instead some other available legal tools
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Nordman, Kristoffer. "A Rhetorical Criticism of Google´s European Identification Strategies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för retorik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226865.
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This thesis examines Google’s Executive Chairman Eric E. Schmidt’s speech at the European Innovation Convention 2011 from the perspectives of Kenneth Burke’s dramatism and identification theories. In the wider context it aims to contribute to the analyses of human progress traced through the history of our technologies and inventions. These breakthroughs do not happen or spread without beneficial influences from societal institutions in spheres like culture, philosophy, politics and law. Language is the creator and carrier of these institutions. A complicated “ecosystem” of culture, science, financing, laws and regulations, affects the possibilities for economic growth through innovation. Perhaps due to the contested legitimacy of corporations in the democratic process, the study of the messages of corporate entities in the political arena seems to be a fairly unexplored dimension of traditional rhetorical analysis of politics. Through rhetorical criticism the author seeks to better understand Google’s communication in this area, and to gain further insights into the communication strategies that companies may use to influence such complex fields of politics as Innovation Policy.
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Devine, Christopher John. "Ideological Social Identity: How Psychological Attachment to Ideological Groups Shapes Political Attitudes and Behaviors." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1305968870.
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Lielbarde, Sandra. "The problematic aspects of the identification of the responsible party in seafarers’ employment contracts : a comparative analysis of the impact of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006 to the identification of the responsible shipowner in maritime labour law." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669829.
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Considering the importance of shipping in world trade, the proficient and competent seafarers employed in the maritime industry play a key role in ensuring the international transport of goods by sea. The safety of the ship, cargo and environment is inseparable from the employment and labour conditions on board. It is recognised that a ship with a high level of good employment conditions tends to maintain a high standard of safety operation. The welfare and well-being of seafarers is achieved through a regime of maritime labour standards both at a national as well as an international level.
Modern maritime labour standards are contained in Maritime Labour Convention 2006, (MLC). The International Labour Conference on 2006 adopted the MLC which entered into force in August 2013 and is considered to be important as international regulation with regards to the protection of the seafarers’ rights, often referred to as the seafarers’ bill of rights.
This dissertation aims to address one issue related to the effective protection of seafarers’ rights – the identification of the final responsible person (the shipowner) in respect of seafarers’ claims – and to research what is the effect of the MLC on this problem.
The dissertation contains analysis of the relevant international legal acts (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, ILO and IMO conventions, 1986 United Nations Convention on Conditions for Registration of Ships, and Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963), EU legislative acts related to implementation of the MLC, and of national law implementing the MLC (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Norway, The Philippines, Spain, and the UK), as well as the analysis of the concept of shipowner under the MLC.
Next, the dissertation contains analysis of standard contracts in shipping applicable to the employment of the seafarers, including delegation of responsibility for employment of crew to third parties (seafarer’s employment contract (SEA), traditional contracts in shipping, according to which the responsibility over seafarers’ employment is delegated by shipowner to other parties, – demise (barebout) charterparty contracts, ship and crew management contracts and contracts with other intermediaries, collective bargaining agreements, forming part of SEA).
The dissertation describes the different security measures available to the seafarers after entering into force of the MLC. Public law instruments introduced by the MLC are main security measures for seafarers today and they are: financial security for seafarers’ abandonment and contractual claims, flag State and port State inspection systems, and certification and control of seafarers’ recruitment and placement services. A traditional security measure for seafarers’ claims under private law, a ship arrest, is also addressed in line with security measures under public law.
In the final part, the dissertation ends with the conclusions and recommendations.El estatus jurídico de la gente de mar se contiene en el Convenio sobre el Trabajo marítimo de 2006. La Conferencia Internacional del Trabajo de 2006, obra de la OIT/OMIM adoptó el CTM que entró en vigor en agosto de 2013 y que se considera la más importante regulación internacional en lo que respecta a la protección de los derechos de la gente de mar, a menudo denominada carta de derechos de la gente de mar o "Súper Convenio", superando ampliamente sus precedentes: los convenios OIT. Los aspectos laborales se convierten en un elemento esencial de la seguridad marítima, mucho más allá de su carácter contractual entre las partes: naviero y marino. La referencia a su consideración como factor crítico de la seguridad marítima, supera ampliamente el marco contractual de las relaciones laborales clásicas. La presente memoria tiene por objeto abordar una cuestión íntimamente relacionada con la protección efectiva de los derechos de la gente de mar -la identificación de la persona final responsable (el armador) respecto de las reclamaciones de la gente de mar- e investigar cuál es el efecto del CTM sobre esta cuestión (Shipowner identity). La memoria contiene un exhaustivo análisis de las normas internacionales pertinentes (Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar (111 UNCLOS), convenios de la OIT y la OMI, Convenio de las Naciones Unidas sobre las Condiciones de Matriculación de los Buques de 1986 (UNCROS) y Convención de Viena sobre Relaciones Consulares de 1963), actos legislativos de la UE relacionados con la aplicación del CTM y de las legislaciones nacionales por la que se aplica el CTM (Alemania, Dinamarca, España, Estonia, Filipinas, Finlandia, Letonia, Noruega y el Reino Unido), así como el análisis dogmático del concepto jurídico de Armador. A continuación, el trabajo contiene un análisis de los contratos standard aplicables al empleo de la gente de mar, incluida la delegación de la responsabilidad del empleo de la tripulación a terceros (contrato de empleo de la gente de mar (SEA¬ Seafarer's Employment Agreements), contratos tradicionales en la na1,13gación, según los cuales el armador delega la responsabilidad del empleo de la gente de mar a otras partes, contratos de fletamento; arrendamiento del buque (bareboat charter and Manning agents ), contratos de gestión de buques (Ship management: CREWMAN; SUPERMAN; etc.) y tripulaciones y contratos con otros intermediarios, etc. En el trabajo se analizan los nuevos instrumentos jurídicos de que disponen los marinos tras la entrada en vigor del CTM /MLC2006 y son, sin carácter de exhaustividad: la garantía financiera para el abandono de la gente de mar y las reclamaciones contractuales, los sistemas de inspección del Estado del pabellón y del Estado del puerto, y la certificación y el control de los servicios de contratación de la gente de mar. Una medida de garantía tradicional para las reclamaciones de la gente de mar en el marco del derecho privado, el embargo de buques (Arrest of Ships), también se aborda en consonancia con las medidas de seguridad del derecho público. Se concluye con la importancia del Convenio que dota de un estatuto jurídico a la gente de mar, real y efectivo y no meramente teórico o nominal. En la parte final, la memoria concluye con las conclusiones y recomendaciones sobre las insuficiencias detectadas en la aplicación e implementación del CTM/MLC, en estos primeros años y propuestas de mejora, en una perspectiva de futuro.
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Paris, Manuel. "Identification du comportement en torsion à fort facteur d’avancement des pales d’hélicoptère conventionne : application à la réduction des efforts de commandes sur une formule hybride haute vitesse de type X3." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0045.
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L'augmentation de la vitesse de croisière des hélicoptères à architecture conventionnelle (rotor principal et rotor anticouple) atteint aujourd'hui une asymptote. Le concept X3, associant 2 hélices et une aile pour alléger la charge du rotor principal, propose une solution viable économiquement, qui s'appuie sur l'utilisation de technologies éprouvées telles que le rotor Spheriflex® du Dauphin. Les essais en vol menés sur le démonstrateur X3 ont montré un bon comportement en performances et en qualités de vol de ce type de rotor, mais un niveau de charges très importants dans les commandes de vol. Pour limiter la masse à vide, la solution de surdimensionner toutes les pièces mécaniques n'est pas envisageable. Ce travail de thèse propose d'étudier les opportunités de réduction des efforts de commandes.Afin de pouvoir réduire ces efforts, il a été nécessaire de comprendre leur origine et de proposer une modélisation qui permette de les prédire. Des mesures expérimentales réalisées sur le démonstrateur X3 ont permis d'identifier les excitations aérodynamiques et le comportement dynamique des pales en torsion. Les phénomènes responsables de l'augmentation des efforts de commande ont été identifiés, ce qui a permis de corriger le modèle de calcul des efforts de commande HOST actuellement utilisé par Airbus Helicopters.A partir du logiciel HOST corrigé et de la compréhension des phénomènes physiques, des solutions technologiques pour réduire les efforts de commandes ont été étudiées. Deux familles de solutions sont alors considérées : l'optimisation du système de commandes de vol et la réduction des efforts dans les bielles de pas. L'optimisation du système de commandes de vol permet d'obtenir une réduction significative des efforts de commandes grâce à un algorithme d'optimisation de l'architecture de placement des servocommandes. L'étude de la réduction des efforts dans les bielles de pas montre que le choix de l'équilibre appareil conduit à des opportunités de réduction des efforts de commandes, alors que la modification du design de pale n'apporte pas de réduction notable et engendre une diminution des performances en stationnaireNowadays, the increase of cruise speed for conventional helicopters (main rotor and anti-torque rear rotor) reaches an asymptote. The X3 concept proposed by Airbus Helicopters is a hybrid helicopter combining 2 propellers at the tip of small wings in order to unload the main rotor. This solution is economically viable because it reuses well-proven technologies such as the Spheriflex rotor, already used on the Dolphin family for many years. X3 flight tests have shown a good behavior of the rotor concerning performances as well as handling qualities, but control loads in the rotor system were significantly higher in cruise conditions than for conventional helicopters. In order to save the payload, over-sizing of the mechanical parts in order to withstand these loads can't be an appropriate solution. The work presented in this thesis deals with the problematic of control loads reduction.In order to reduce the control loads, the first step is to highlight the roots of these loads and to get a predictive tool over the whole flight domain. Experimental measurements from X3 flight tests give the aerodynamic loads on the blade sections, leading to understand the blades torsional dynamic behavior in several flight test cases (cruise, turns and high speed flight). Phenomena responsible for the increase of control loads are then identified, and the rotor computation tool HOST used at Airbus Helicopters is corrected to predict accurately control loads over the conventional as well as the high speed helicopter flight domain.The corrected rotor computation tool HOST, associated with the physical comprehension of the blade torsional dynamics, is used to quantify the possible solutions proposed for control loads reduction. Two main ways are studied: the optimization of the control system architecture and the reduction of pitch link loads. The optimization of control system architecture shows a dramatic reduction of control loads in the servo actuators and in the non-rotating scissors, thanks to an optimization algorithm developed during this thesis. The reduction of pitch link loads study shows that the optimization of the helicopter equilibrium leads to drastic reduction, whereas the modification of blade design does not show any significant reduction even at high speed
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Larabi, Islam Amine. "Nouveaux produits de synthèse : analyse, consommation et métabolisme ; Applications cliniques et médicolégales Rapid and simultaneous screening of new psychoactive substances and conventional drugs of abuse. A comparative study of Biochip Array Technology versus LC-MS/MS in whole blood and urine Development of a sensitive untargeted liquid chromatography– high resolution mass spectrometry screening devoted to hair analysis through a shared MS2 spectra database: A step toward early detection of new psychoactive substances Validation of an UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of sixteen synthetic cannabinoids in human hair. Application to document chronic use of JWH-122 following a non-fatal overdose Development and validation of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry targeted screening of 16 fentanyl analogs and U-47700 in hair: Application to 137 authentic samples Prevalence and Surveillance of Synthetic Cathinones Use by Hair Analysis: An Update Review Prevalence of New Psychoactive Substances(NPS) and conventional drugs of abuse (DOA) in high risk populations from Paris(France) and its suburbs A cross sectional study by hair testing(2012–2017) Evaluation of drug abuse by hair analysis and self-reported use among MSM under PrEP: Results from a sub-study of the ANRS-IPERGAY trial. Hair testing for 3‑fluorofentanyl, furanylfentanyl, methoxyacetylfentanyl, carfentanil, acetylfentanyl and fentanyl by LC–MS/MS after unintentional overdose Drug‐facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) involving 4‐methylethcathinone (4‐MEC),3,4‐Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and doxylamine highlighted by hair analysis Metabolic Profiling of Deschloro-N-ethyl-ketamine (O-PCE) and identification of new target metabolites in urine and hair using human liver microsomes and high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL029.
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L’objectif de ce travail a été de développer deux approches analytiques dédiées à l’analyse toxicologique des nouveaux produits de synthèse (NPS) dans différentes matrices biologiques (sang, urine et cheveux). La première est basée sur le criblage non ciblé par chimiluminescence sur biopuces et chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (LC-HRMS) et la deuxième correspond à un criblage ciblé par spectrométrie de masse en tandem (LC-MS/MS). Ces deux approches ont ensuite été appliquées dans des études observationnelles pour évaluer la consommation de NPS dans des populations à risques de surdosage, de pharmacodépendance ou de soumission chimique dans un contexte clinique ou médico-judiciaire.La dernière partie a été consacrée au développement d’un nouvel outil analytique de traitement des données issues de la LC-HRMS qui a permis d’étudier le métabolisme de 9 NPS in vitro sur des cultures de microsomes du foie humain (HLM) et in vivo sur des échantillons biologiques d’usagers de ces drogues. Cette dernière approche a permis la création d’une bibliothèque de spectres de haute résolution composée de 228 métabolites dont certains ont été proposés comme marqueurs pertinents d’exposition aux NPS dont ils sont issus.Ce travail a été concrétisé par la rédaction de 10 publications scientifiques et a permis d’initier plusieurs collaborations pluridisciplinairesThe aim of the present work was to develop two analytical approaches dedicated to the analysis of new psychoactive substances in different biological matrices (blood, urine and hair). The first approach is based on untargeted screening by both biochip array technology chemiluminescence assay and liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and the second corresponds to a targeted screening by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These two approaches were then applied in observational studies to assess the consumption of NPS in high risk populations (overdose, drug abuse, drug facilitated crimes) in clinical and forensic settings. The last part of the work was devoted to the development of a new analytical tool for LC-HRMS data processing which made it possible to study the metabolism of 9 NPS In vitro on human liver microsomes (HLM) and In vivo in biological samples from drug users. This approach has enabled the creation of HRMS spectral library containing 228 metabolites, some of which have been proposed as relevant markers of NPS exposure.This work has resulted on 10 scientific publications and allowed to initiate many multidisciplinary collaborations
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Muriithi, Paul Mutuanyingi. "A case for memory enhancement : ethical, social, legal, and policy implications for enhancing the memory." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-case-for-memory-enhancement-ethical-social-legal-and-policy-implications-for-enhancing-the-memory(bf11d09d-6326-49d2-8ef3-a40340471acf).html.
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The desire to enhance and make ourselves better is not a new one and it has continued to intrigue throughout the ages. Individuals have continued to seek ways to improve and enhance their well-being for example through nutrition, physical exercise, education and so on. Crucial to this improvement of their well-being is improving their ability to remember. Hence, people interested in improving their well-being, are often interested in memory as well. The rationale being that memory is crucial to our well-being. The desire to improve one’s memory then is almost certainly as old as the desire to improve one’s well-being. Traditionally, people have used different means in an attempt to enhance their memories: for example in learning through storytelling, studying, and apprenticeship. In remembering through practices like mnemonics, repetition, singing, and drumming. In retaining, storing and consolidating memories through nutrition and stimulants like coffee to help keep awake; and by external aids like notepads and computers. In forgetting through rituals and rites. Recent scientific advances in biotechnology, nanotechnology, molecular biology, neuroscience, and information technologies, present a wide variety of technologies to enhance many different aspects of human functioning. Thus, some commentators have identified human enhancement as central and one of the most fascinating subject in bioethics in the last two decades. Within, this period, most of the commentators have addressed the Ethical, Social, Legal and Policy (ESLP) issues in human enhancements as a whole as opposed to specific enhancements. However, this is problematic and recently various commentators have found this to be deficient and called for a contextualized case-by-case analysis to human enhancements for example genetic enhancement, moral enhancement, and in my case memory enhancement (ME). The rationale being that the reasons for accepting/rejecting a particular enhancement vary depending on the enhancement itself. Given this enormous variation, moral and legal generalizations about all enhancement processes and technologies are unwise and they should instead be evaluated individually. Taking this as a point of departure, this research will focus specifically on making a case for ME and in doing so assessing the ESLP implications arising from ME. My analysis will draw on the already existing literature for and against enhancement, especially in part two of this thesis; but it will be novel in providing a much more in-depth analysis of ME. From this perspective, I will contribute to the ME debate through two reviews that address the question how we enhance the memory, and through four original papers discussed in part three of this thesis, where I examine and evaluate critically specific ESLP issues that arise with the use of ME. In the conclusion, I will amalgamate all my contribution to the ME debate and suggest the future direction for the ME debate.
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Noordhuis-Fairfax, Sarina. "Field | Guide: John Berger and the diagrammatic exploration of place." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/154278.
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Positioned between writing and drawing, the diagram is proposed by John Berger as an alternative strategy for articulating encounters with landscape. A diagrammatic approach offers a schematic vocabulary that can compress time and offer a spatial reading of information. Situated within the contemporary field of direct data visualisation, my practice-led research interprets Berger’s ‘Field’ essay as a guide to producing four field | studies within a suburban park in Canberra. My seasonal investigations demonstrate how applying the conventions of the pictorial list, dot-distribution map, routing diagram and colour-wheel reveals subtle ecological and biographical narratives.
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Chu, Yu-Hua, and 朱裕華. "Identification of periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis by conventional and molecular biological studies." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81796394467305455800.
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碩士國防醫學院
牙醫學研究所
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Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. g.)被認為是快速進行性成年型牙周炎、 慢性成年型牙周炎與廣泛性年輕型牙周炎的主要致病菌之一。所以，快速 鑑定致病菌的技術不但可以增進疾病的早期診斷與治療效果的評估，而且 對於牙周病病因學的探討，甚至流行病學的研究都有很大的幫助。本實驗 就四株不同血清型的P.g.標準菌株與八株參考菌株，以及臨床分離出來的 十株野生菌株，以傳統方法與分子生物學技術予以鑑定。經傳統厭氧培養 法、生化試驗、凝膠電泳蛋白質圖譜分析等初步鑑定後，再以標準菌株整 個基因體與人工合成寡核糖核酸，分別以非放射性與放射性標幟的方法製 備DNA 探針，以點狀墨點雜合反應來鑑定細菌。經發現傳統方法就可以鑑 定細菌，可是需要較長的時間來做純培養，而在分子生物學方面，兩種探 針皆可用來鑑定細菌，其中寡核糖核酸探針比整個基因體探針有較佳的特 異性，且放射性標幟較非放射性標幟的敏感性為高。當需要快速鑑定及大 量篩選臨床標本時，分子生物學的方法較有價值。
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Blagden, Trenna Diann. "Comparison of conventional and automated methodology for identification and characterization of lactobacilli." 2008. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2790.pdf.
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Calvo, Andres J. "Comparative study of Minitek, a miniaturized system and conventional method in identification of Enterobacteriaceae." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27409.
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Levison, Lena. "PATHOGEN IDENTIFICATION AND INCIDENCE RATES OF CLINICAL MASTITIS ON ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL DAIRY FARMS." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/5790.
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Thesis objectives were: 1) evaluate incidence rate of producer reported clinical mastitis (IRCM) and predominant pathogen types on conventional and organic dairies; 2) investigate associations between farm type, housing and access to pasture and IRCM; 3) explore association between bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) and IRCM. An investigation on 59 dairy farms in Southern Ontario, Canada, involving organic and conventional management systems was conducted from April 2011 to March 2012. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most frequent pathogens (20.4%); Staphylococcus aureus was the most common contagious pathogen (9.6%). The overall mean IRCM was 24.7 cases/100 cow-years. Organic farms tended to have lower IRCM than conventional farms (17.1 cases/100 cow-years vs. 28.1 cases/100 cow-years). In summary, mean IRCM tended to be lower in the organic compared to conventionally managed herds. Housing, pasture use, and BTSCC category were not associated with overall IRCM; however, these factors did impact pathogen-specific IRCM.
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Höbenreich, Horst [Verfasser]. "Enantioselective esterase activities : identification of new and evolution of conventional functionalities / vorgelegt von Horst Höbenreich." 2008. http://d-nb.info/990712915/34.
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Balli, Garza J. "Identification of parasitic diseases affecting ranched Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT), using conventional and molecular methods." Thesis, 2019. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/31442/3/Balli_Garza_whole_thesis_ex_pub_mat.pdf.
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In Australia, the Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT) industry is regarded as one of the most profitable sectors of aquaculture. Even though SBT are relatively unaffected by infectious diseases, few still have an impact in SBT production, leading to economic losses. Two of the main diseases affecting ranched SBT are infections by blood flukes (Cardicola forsteri and C. orientalis) and swimmer syndrome. Until now, lethal sampling has been used for the detection of C. forsteri and C. orientalis, and in combination with conventional diagnostic methods, they are used as the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of Cardicola and Scuticociliates. Therefore, in an attempt to improve sampling and diagnostic tools for health management of SBT, the focus of this thesis was to:
• Compare different lethal and non-lethal sampling methods used with conventional and molecular diagnoses for the detection of C. forsteri and C. orientalis
• Determine the presence and identify Scuticociliates in samples from SBT showing swimmer syndrome
• Determine the presence of C. forsteri and C. orientalis in biofouling samples near SBT pontoons
• Identify the potential relationship between the substrate, the age of the biofouling sample, type of biofouling organisms and depth, with the presence of C. forsteri, and C. orientalis DNA in the biofouling
To provide a better understanding of the diseases affecting ranched Bluefin Tuna, a review is presented in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, lethal sampling and non-lethal sampling techniques as well as, conventional and molecular methods used for the diagnosis of C. forsteri and C. orientalis are compared. Lethal and non-lethal samples from SBT were collected over the course of three years. Results showed differences between lethal sampling used along with conventional diagnosis and non-lethal sampling and molecular diagnosis. Only 37% of the heart flushes were positive and 66% of gill filaments had egg counts, identification of Cardicola species proved to be too challenging. For the same SBT, real-time qPCR along with species specific primers and probes were used for the detection of C. forsteri and C. orientalis. Not all PCR-based techniques allowed the detection of animals positive for adult blood flukes of eggs, such is the case for serum samples where only 3% were real-time qPCR-positive for C. forsteri and 1% to C. orientalis.
Gill mucus samples showed similar results to heart flushes (38% of the samples positive for C. forsteri and 28% to C. orientalis), nevertheless, the use of gill mucus and realtime qPCR presents the advantage of allowing the identification of Cardicola species. Gill snips, gill biopsies and gill filaments samples, all presented high sensitivity when compared to conventional diagnostic techniques, where 100% of gill snips and gill biopsies were positive for C. forsteri, 86% of the gill filaments were also positive for C. forsteri and 4% of gill filaments were positive for C. orientalis. All molecular techniques allowed differentiation between species of Cardicola.
In Chapter 4, 16 olfactory rosettes from wild SBT and 23 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from ranched SBT which exhibited swimmer syndrome, were collected. CSF samples positive for Scuticociliates were identified firstly using microscopy methods observing motile cells with a pyriform shape and granular appearance. All samples were tested using end point PCR combined with primers amplifying fragments of the small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), all the amplifications obtained were sequenced and compared against published data. Olfactory rosettes were considered negative for Scuticociliates as neither of them showed amplification using the SSU rDNA and cox1 primers. Sequencing of the PCR products of the CSF samples, evidenced presence of M. avidus, being 100% identical to sequences of M. avidus previously reported. This means that those swimmer syndrome cases investigated here were associated with M. avidus.
In an attempt to identify possible sources of infection of C. forsteri, C. orientalis and M. avidus, and as a result of the data obtained from Chapter 3 and 4, biofouling samples plates and mesh for biofouling were placed at different depths near the tuna pontoons. Samples were placed at one and four metres of depth and collected after one and three months. Organisms were separated according to their taxonomic group and identified by molecular techniques species-specific primers and probes for real-time qPCR. The presence of C. forsteri and C. orientalis was detected in 4 samples, each one of them. C. forsteri was only detected in samples collected at a depth of four metres, while 75% of the positive samples collected at 1 metre depth were positive for C. orientalis. M. avidus prevalence showed an increase from 38% during the first month to 89% of the samples during the third month with no significant differences between depths.
The results of this thesis identify different non-lethal sampling techniques that could be used along with molecular analysis as a monitoring and diagnostic tool for the detection of Cardicola in ranched tuna. Further studies need to be performed to evaluate the use and limitation of gill mucus as a non-lethal sample. The findings from this thesis also provide evidence of the advantages PCR and real-time qPCR have over conventional diagnostic methods, allowing the identification for the first time of M. avidus in ranched SBT, and associating M. avidus to swimmer syndrome. Finally, this work contributes to the understanding of the probable reservoirs of infection of Cardicola and U. nigricans in ranched
SBT.
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GINETTI, BEATRICE. "Identity, impact and role of Phytophthora species in planted forests of north Italy." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/896319.
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Chen, Mu-hsiung, and 陳木熊. "Study on intraobserver reliability of cephalometric landmark identification: Comparison between cone-beam computed tomography-synthesized cephalograms and conventional cephalometric radiography." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73238778833486260576.
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碩士中臺科技大學
放射科學研究所
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Object: The aim of the study was to examine the intraobserver reliability of landmark identification in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-synthesized two-dimensional (2D) lateral cephalograms versus conventional digital cephalograms. Materials and methods: Twenty CBCT scans and the corresponding conventional lateral cephalgrams were randomly selected. Two-dimensional lateral cephalograms were constructed from the three-dimensional (3D) CBCT scans by summing the voxels of the entire volume. All the images were imported into Winceph 8.0. Twenty landmarks in the CBCT-synthesized 2D cephalograms and conventional cephalograms were identified directly on the computer screen by an experienced orthodontist and the operation was repeated two weeks later. The x- and y-coordinates of each landmark were examined for intraobserver reliability. The differences in landmark reproducibility between the two modalities were analyzed with paired Student’s t-test. Results: The horizontal and vertical errors of landmark identification by the two modalities of cephalometry ranged from 0.18 to 1.67 mm. Fewer landmarks in CBCT-synthesized cephalograms had intraobserver error greater than 1 mm. Significantly better reliability was observed in CBCT-synthesized cephalograms at Me, LIE and LIA in the horizontal dimension and at Pog, Gn, Me, UIA, LIA and LM in the vertical dimension. Scatter-plots revealed a characteristic pattern of error distribution for each landmark. Conclusions: CBCT-synthesized lateral cephalograms is a promising method to replace conventional cephalograms for orthodontic diagnosis.
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"Isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of Enterococccus spp. and Salmonella spp. from conventional poultry farms transitioning to organic farming practices." UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1465544.
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Gwida, Mayada Mosad Ahmed Shaaban [Verfasser]. "Isolation, identification and typing of Brucella species as zoonotic pathogens by using conventional and molecular biological methods / vorgelegt von Mayada Mosad Ahmed Shaaban Gwida." 2010. http://d-nb.info/101046065X/34.
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Titchen, Sarah M. "On the construction of outstanding universal value : UNESCO's World Heritage Convention (Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972) and the identification and assessment of cultural places for inclusion in the World Heritage List." Phd thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10039.
Full textAbstract:
On 16 November 1972 the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), meeting in Paris, France for its seventeenth session, adopted the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage - commonly referred to as the World Heritage Convention.
This study investigates the definition and construction of World Heritage value, ("outstanding universal value) as the central and distinguishing feature of the World Heritage Convention. It is important to acknowledge that it is not only the value or significance of a place that is constructed but also the intellectual and administrative tools used to identify and assess this value. This simple but fundamentally important notion is crucial if World Heritage is to be understood in any detail. It is a notion that provides
the overarching structure with which to communicate this study's research concerning the history of the origins, drafting and implementation of the Convention. Particular attention will be given to issues relating to the identification and assessment of cultural places for inclusion in the World Heritage List. In exploring the origin of ideas that were to be embodied in the World Heritage Convention, particularly that of common cultural heritage, and the historical development of the Convention itself: it is argued that the Convention developed in a climate characterized by the meeting between national and international interests (in the early work of the League of Nations and later in the work of UNESCO).
In presenting the origins and development of the World Heritage Convention's definition of cultural and natural heritage of "outstanding universal value", particular attention is given to the Convention's definition of immovable cultural heritage as "monuments", "groups of buildings" and "sites". This study presents and discusses the development and continuing redrafting of criteria for the assessment of “outstanding universal value" included in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, from 1976 to December 1994. This study also presents a broad analysis of the World Heritage List as an expression of the World Heritage Committee's attempts to construct a universally representative World Heritage List and as an expression of the construction of "outstanding universal value". In surveying the World Heritage Committee's convoluted attempts to maintain the integrity of the World Heritage List as a list of places of truly "outstanding universal value", the new "Global Strategy for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention" is introduced as a new anthropological and global approach to the establishment of the List. This study highlights recent attempts to extend the limits of the World Heritage List to ensure the inclusion of cultural landscapes of "outstanding universal value". The successful renominations of Tongariro National Park in New Zealand and Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park in Australia as cultural landscapes are shown to represent moves to venture beyond the simple limits of the natural and the cultural as categories of place and beyond the limits of constructing "outstanding universal value" as cultural or natural value. The study concludes with comments concerning the continuing fluidity of the construction of "outstanding universal value".
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Tayrouz, Rita. "Le rôle de la banque dans la lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent : étude comparative entre le droit Libanais et le droit Canadien." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22851.
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