Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conventional clauses'
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CORDOVA, GIOVANNA. "GLI ACCORDI TRA IL CITTADINO E L'AMMINISTRAZIONE: I LIMITI ALL'AUTONOMIA NEGOZIALE E GLI ONERI ESORBITANTI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/123245.
Full textThe thesis reconstructed the theme of the exercise of administrative power by consensus. We started from the observation that in the current scenario the action of the administration according to negotiated models has become increasingly widespread. More specifically, in the absence of a rule that regulates the process of forming the public agreement, the research investigated what are the powers due to the administration andthe citizen in the preparatory phase to the conclusion of the agreement. It was also highlighted how we are witnessing a phenomenon of expansion of the institute under consideration even beyond the regulatory dictate. The research also addressed the issue of the possible contents of public agreements and identified the contractual clauses that are most frequently included in conventional documents, among which the focus was on the clauses containing the cd. "exorbitant charges". The central question is whether and to what extent the public administration can, through these clauses, achieve greater results than those achievable by unilateral administrative measure, without violating the principle of legality. Theadministrative case-law, which currently prevails, considers that these clauses are fully legitimate as the result of the free consent of the private individual. The analysis had as a reference point of all the research the question of whether and how the consensual principle can be combined with the principle of legality. Finally, the research concerned the identification of limits to the negotiating autonomy of the private sector and the administration.
Glasper, Stéphanie Monique. "Les clauses anti-abus dans les conventions fiscales internationales." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10009.
Full textAnti-abuse clauses are inserted in international tax treaties to prevent them from being abused as well as internal laws. The study of these clauses implies the analysis of their device and their application. The definition of these clauses, the examination of their grounds, the study of their elaboration procedure, the analysis of their scope, the study of their content and the appraisal of the position of the different states towards them, is a step which can not be avoided for the understanding of the anti-abuse clauses device. Then, the analysis of the application of this device, as much in the mecanismes and the procedure of its implementation, as in its articulation with internaI anti-abuse measures and community law, allows a critical appraisal of its efficiency to improve it
Bernard, Florence. "Les clauses attributives de juridiction dans les conventions judiciaires européennes." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020088.
Full textChenu, Damien. "Les clauses contractuelles autonomes." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR1004.
Full textNo summary available
Scaboro, Romain. "Les conventions relatives à la preuve." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10072/document.
Full textLe résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
Velo, Daniela <1990>. "SOCIAL CLAUSES AND TRADE AGREEMENTS - A VIRTUOUS CONVENTION OR A HIDDEN PROTECTIONIST MEASURE?" Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9372.
Full textBen, Salem Chedly. "Les parties dans la convention d'arbitrage international." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0010.
Full textThe international arbitrage stop making, its independence and getting loose from classic rules of the common law. The creation of new concepts as the competence-competence, the autonomy of the arbitration clause, the confidentiality is the proof. In this logic the arbitrators, by basing itself on the internationality of the subject widened the notion of nobody held by the agreement of arbitrage. If this marginalization of the will can justify itself for the persons of private law by the assumption of professionality, because if they get involved to a contract including an arbitration clause, they have to expect a possible extension of the clause which contains it. This marginalization cannot be accepted for the persons of public law. Indeed, the assimilation of the State to trading company is absurd. On the other hand, the problem of the extension and the transmission of the arbitration clause in ayant cause did not put difficulty, here the arbitrators respected the rules of common rights
Hourson, Sébastien. "Les conventions d'administration." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020091.
Full textIn a few decades, the conventional actions of the public persons knew a remarkable development. Nevertheless, it is frequent that the signed acts contain certain characteristic elements of contracts but do not produce either straight ahead or obligation towards the parties. In these hypotheses, the traditional theoretical concepts are not enough to report administrative practices. Those who qualify have to opt for one of both accepted possibilities: either the act is an authentic contract, or it recovers from the non-law. It invites to draw the outlines of a new category of conventional acts, named agreements of administration, the conditions of which include only directive statements, that is devoid of imperative sentences. Elaborated in the term of a material examination, it can be conceived as a sort recovering from a kind, that of the conventional acts, the identification of which proceeds of a formal analysis. The agreements of administration are so separated from contracts. And it is possible to confirm this distinction by highlighting their substitute function. Legal and administrative phenomena, the agreements of administration are besides subjected to some rules and undergo perfectible controls. Such an approach allows not only to report better contemporary instruments, and to subject them to an adapted control, but also restore in the notion of contract its coherence
Cadet, Alain. "Éssai d'une théorie générale des clauses du contrat de travail." Lille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL20008.
Full textBoulard, André. "La Loi sur la santé et la sécurité du travail et les clauses de conventions collectives à caractère préventif." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0018/MQ38033.pdf.
Full textLan, Sary. "The Originally Intended Function of the So-called Exclusion Clauses in the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees." 名古屋大学大学院法学研究科, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7361.
Full textSilva, Natalie Matos. "As cláusulas de tax sparing e matching credit nos acordos de bitributação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-23032017-145757/.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of tax sparing and matching credit clauses, the main arguments for and against the use of these mechanisms and the circumstances in which such clauses are adopted, nationally and internationally. It is known that, at first, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) used to recommend the inclusion of tax sparing clauses in double taxation conventions concluded between countries with different levels of economic development, as a way of attracting investments for less developed countries. However, the OECD revised its initial position on the subject in a report published in 1998, called \"Tax sparing: a reconsideration\", discouraging the use of such clauses by its member countries through various criticisms and questions about their adoption. In its turn, since the first double taxation agreements concluded in the early 1960s the Brazilian policy regarding the matter has always been to negotiate tax sparing and matching credit clauses, especially in conventions with developed countries. Given such a scenario, this paper aims at studying tax sparing and matching credit clauses deeply, in order to provide devices for an accurate understanding of the issue in future negotiations of double taxation conventions by the Country.
Salcedo, Castro Myriam. "L’arbitrage dans les contrats publics colombiens." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020028/document.
Full textEven though Colombian and French administrative law are grounded on the same principles, Colombian administrative law did not adopt the stance that public legal bodies are prevented from agreeing arbitration clauses and submitting their disputes to arbitration. Colombian case law has recognized arbitration clauses in relation to disputes arising out of public contracts, even when there is no specific legal authorization to do so. The principle of the rule of law, the continuity of the provision of public services, the public interest and the existence of a specialized administrative jurisdiction, are the foundations of public contract law. Nevertheless, public contract law is implemented under the aegis of contract law and it shares essential aspects of arbitration law: the autonomy of the parties free will and freedom of contract. Since 1993, Colombian law has not imposed any limit on the arbitration of disputes arising out of public contracts, even if former laws did so. Could this legal progress be construed as granting similar jurisdiction to arbitrators and administrative judges? Is general arbitration law suitable for the needs of the settlement of disputes arising out of public contracts? What is the scope of this change for the international arbitration of disputes arising out of public contracts? Despite the apparent contradictions, the essential tenets of public contracts, do not conflict with the key components of arbitration. The jurisdiction of arbitrators is confined to “contentieux subjectifs”. Colombian case law has developed since 1964 and has been consolidated over time, allowing us to evaluate to what extent the arbitration of disputes arising out of public contracts is an effective and efficient tool for public administration
Al, Ghufli Rashid. "Le statut de la convention d'arbitrage dans les systèmes juridiques français et émirati." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010267.
Full textDubout, Edouard. "L'article 13 TCE : la clause communautaire de lutte contre les discriminations." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUED002.
Full textFattal, Raghid. "L'évolution de la responsabilité du transporteur maritime de marchandises dans le droit international." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010299.
Full textThe principle of the contract for the carriage of goods is to carry them from place to another. This contract is different from other similar contracts, like the Contract of Tonnage and the Charter Contract. Some International Conventions have created imbalance between the carrier and the shipper. In order to avoid this imbalance, the international legislator has created multiple Conventions. The latest Convection was the "Convention of Contracts for the International Carrying of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea''. The Rotterdam Rules adopted on December 11. 2008 by The UN General Assembly in New York. The main advantages of the Rotterdam Rules are the world reunification of the law of carrying, the rebalancing of shipper's interests and the carrier's interests, the use of one contract for the whole carrying of goods and the modernization of the law of carrying by sea
Jestin, Kevin. "La notion d'abus de convention fiscale : réflexions à la lumière des droits français et américain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0461.
Full textContemporary international fiscal law is undergoing a period of upheavals regarding the use of tax treaties. The research will lead to an interest in the different type of abuse that, thanks to the work devoted by the BEPS, are under the spotlight. It was necessary to shed some new light on the notion of tax treaty abuse that had long remained in the background. Faced with the absence of an unanimously adopted approach, many characteristics will be highlighted by insisting on the functional dimension of the notion which follows the form of a standard. In the context of a comparative analysis conducted in the light of French and American law, the object of the research is to analyse its several aspects from a new perspective by defining precisely the modalities of controlling abusive schemes. How judges deal with tax treaty avoidance strategies will be analysed. The various internal and international anti-abuses mechanisms will be discussed, highlighting the points of divergence and convergence of U.S. and French tax treaty policies. Attention will be paid to the conflicts of law regarding the juxtaposition of different tax order. The idea that under the effect of the multilateral instrument the notion of tax treaty abuse has acquired a distinct individuality will be defended. It will be important to specify what are the consequences for the application of the notion by the French judge
Abdulsalam, Sobah Ali. "Convention d'arbitrage et constitution du tribunal arbitral dans les législations des pays membres du conseil de coopération du golfe." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOD003.
Full textAlthough the arbitration is well known in the gulf and Arab countries since the past, its development in the international trade is contemporary. There were many factors positively affected the gulf countries legislations in the field of the arbitration, such as the development of the international trade, and the gulf countries participation in the international economic and investment's exchange. Locally, the effect of the Islamic compact could be observed very clearly on those countries. This thesis tries to measure the duality of those countries sources of legislations and its effects on their stands of the arbitration convention and the formation of the arbitration court
Teixeira, Alexandre Antonio Alkmim. "Convenções para evitar a dupla-tributação e os princípios dos tratados de comércio internacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-04012011-142248/.
Full textThis thesis makes an analysis of the mechanisms of control of the double-taxation thickened by the Bilateral Fiscal Conventions and the principles of the Commercial Agreements, especially the one of no-concession of subsidies and the treatment of the most-favored-nation. Taking as backdrop the relationship among the developed countries and indevelopment countries, I demonstrate that the resistance of Capital Exporters States in the negotiating fictitious credit in the Bilateral Fiscal Conventions is unjustified, being only rendered to maintain to the taxation based in the residence, avoiding the fiscal neutrality in face of States of source of the revenues. Still, placed the relationship among the foundations of the Bilateral Fiscal Conventions, I move away the possibility of the regime of them to be extended in favor of Third Countries using the GATTs most favored nation clause.
Luker, Karen. "The effectiveness of the 'place of effective management' tie-breaker rule in the OECD Model Tax Convention / by K. Luker." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4430.
Full textThesis (M.Com. (Tax))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
Herrera, Juan C. "Las cláusulas durmientes de integración latinoamericana: origen, función y alternativas para despertarlas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665486.
Full textIs economic, political, and social integration a legal objective in Latin America? Is integration one of the central promises of contemporary constitutional law in that region? The quick answer is yes. To demonstrate the reason for and purpose of integration, this dissertation offers a set of taxonomies of thirty-six constitutions of the Americas and the Caribbean for the object of illustrating and analyzing those norms that contemplate the creation of a supranational space. With a special focus on the South American experience, this work aims at contextualizing and reconstructing the historical origins of these norms, their technical function, and their status as aspirational provisions. In recent decades, Latin America has made progress in the construction of a common supranational space. It has done so precisely by ‘awakening’ the dormant clauses concerning democracy and fundamental rights. The key contribution of this research consists of pointing out the possibility of awakening and implementing these clauses for attaining "deeper" regional integration. To this effect, it understands economic, political, and social integration as a cohesive element of a commune and transformative law in the region and proposes to interpret the dormant clauses through a pro integratione criterion as well as to take inspiration from and adapt some mechanisms of the integration experiences in Europe, Africa and Asia.
As cláusulas adormecidas da integração latino-americana: Origem, função e alternativas para despertá-lasA integração econômica, política e social é um mandamento jurídico na América Latina? Esta integração é uma das promessas centrais do direito constitucional contemporâneo na região? A resposta rápida é sim. Para demonstrar por que e para que fins, nesta monografia foram criadas e analisadas as taxonomias que explicam cada uma das normas relevantes para consolidar um espaço supranacional a partir das disposições existentes em 36 constituições das Américas e do Caribe. Com especial ênfase no caso e na experiência sul-americana, são contextualizados e reconstruídos a origem histórica dessas normas, sua função técnica e seu status como disposições operacionais.Nas últimas décadas, a América Latina avançou na construção de um espaço supranacional comum, justamente porque despertou outras cláusulas adormecidas, as democráticas e relativas aos direitos fundamentais. A contribuição nuclear desta pesquisa consiste em apontar a possibilidade de despertar e efetivar as cláusulas de integração regional "profunda", ou seja, a integração econômica, política e social como elemento coeso de um direito commune e transformador para a região. Como alternativas para despertá-las, propõe-se que estas sejam interpretadas através de um critério pro integratione, assim como a adaptação de alguns mecanismos das experiências integrativas da Europa, África e Ásia.
Paulmann, Steffen. "Wirksamkeit von Haftungsausschlüssen und -begrenzungen im deutsch-französischen Warengeschäftsverkehr." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR30005.
Full text(Cotutelle de thése franco-allemande/German language/summary in French:30 p. ) The present work deals with the questions of conflict of laws alter German and French private internationallaw, including the question of applicability of the UNIDROIT Principles as weil as the Principles of European Contract Law of the LANDO commission. Principle interest then is given to the different modes alter German and French law conceming the control of a contract's validity and especially of its restricting or excluding remedy clauses. Furthermore, it is discussed how the national rules of validity control should be construed with respect to a contract having an international context and especially when being govemed by the Vienna Convention of international sales in goods. Finally, the mechanism of validity control after the UNIRDROIT and LANDO Principles is examined, as weil as their possible influence on the interpretation of national rules being applied to international commercial contracts
Chekli, Nadia. "Le juge du litige international du travail." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40029.
Full textAdetonah, Ghislain Serge Odon. "L’évasion fiscale des multinationales dans les pays de l’UEMOA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0055/document.
Full textThe WAEMU countries, long hostile to foreign direct investment, under the combined effect of the globalization of the economy and the pressure of the institutions of Brettons Woods, have in the one hand, favored an internal access to International financial flows and on the other hand, offered tax incentives to multinationals. Thanks to financial liberalization and the prevailing economic ideology, the multinationals, by various subterfuges and taking advantage also of the institutional and organizational handicaps of the respective tax administrations of the member countries of the UEMOA space, escape their fiscal responsibilities towards these states. In order to reduce the harmful effects of tax evasion by multinationals, WAEMU countries must place particular emphasis on the modernization of their tax administrations on the one hand, and on the other hand, to include in all their agreements tax rules, anti-abuse clauses. Finally, these states must strengthen the fight against tax evasion by concerted action based on tax cooperation in the context of administrative assistance
Branellec, Gurvan. "La coexistence des règles applicables au contrat de transport international de marchandises par mer : contribution à l’étude de l'uniformité du droit." Brest, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511315.
Full textLas, Heras Horacio Raúl. "International Labor Law Standards and Argentine Domestic Law." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117309.
Full textEl presente artículo intenta abordar la problemática, desde el punto de vista del derecho laboral, que se presenta en torno a la interpretación de normas laborales partiendo de un análisis de fuentes, ya sea tanto fuente interna como internacional. Con lo cual, el autor aboga por mantener la esencia del principio protector del derecho laboral lo cual llevará a conjugar normas de las diferentes fuentes para proteger tanto al trabajador como a la estructura institucional y legal del derecho interno de cada país.
Drine, Abdelhakim. "Le choix de compétences dans le contrat de travail international." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO22013.
Full textIn international contracts of employment, the parties’ will is significantly enhanced by the choice of competences through the insertion of clauses referring to the competent law or competent judge (private or public). But the eligibility for this voluntary exemption to applicable natural competences requires formal and substantial conditions. Indeed, the disequilibrium that inherently characterizes the employment relationship calls for a strict scrutiny. Assuring the choice made by the weaker thus necessitates protective mechanisms. The intervention of mandatory rules of the place where the employee habitually carries out his work allows the achievement of the aforementioned objective. This is done so by the application of two alternative criteria, in either the law that is the most favourable law to his interests or the law that is most closely connected to the particular situation
Séjean-Chazal, Claire. "La réalisation de la sûreté." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020069.
Full textUp until the order of 23 March 2006 on security rights, a creditor aiming at realizing his surety had to resort to the procedures of execution available to any creditor in order to implement his general right of pledge. The effects of the real surety would manifest only after the execution sale of the encumbered property, through the preferential satisfaction of the creditor during the proceedings of the price distribution. The 2006 reform of the law of security rights has altered this situation by generalizing the judicial attribution and by legalizing the conventional attribution of the encumbered property. These modes of realization are deemed to be simpler and faster than the traditional enforcement proceedings, but also more efficient to shut out the other competing secured creditors. From now on, the creditor benefiting from a real surety is favoured as soon as he exercises his rights against the defaulting debtor. In order to exercise his power of constraint, he may rely on all the enforcement proceedings that are specific to the real surety. The legislator has carefully provided guidelines to use these attribution techniques to protect the interests of the debtor. However, the legal framework applicable to these modes of realization deserves to be adjusted in order to improve their legal certainty, their efficiency, and therefore their attractiveness. The effects of these modes of realization against the competing secured creditors of the recipient are not completely clear. Attribution is often presented as a technique that ensures the plaintiff an exclusive satisfaction, while the competing creditors’ claims are redirected on a hypothetical consigned remainder. Although the other creditors cannot take part in the procedure, nothing justifies that their rights be undermined. It is therefore important to determine how to reconcile the optional attribution of the encumbered property and the rights of the competing secured creditors
Lundborg, Ida. "Att ställa den skyddsbehövande inför rätta : Om de rättsliga förutsättningarna för att förhindra skyddslöshet vid tillämpningen av Flyktingkonventionens uteslutandeklausuler och samtidigt motverka straffrihet för de grova folkrättsbrott som faller under klausulernas artikel 1F(a)." Thesis, Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-10933.
Full textThe purpose of this study has been to investigate the prospects for identifying and prosecuting individuals suspected of war crimes, within the process of exclusion from refugee status under article 1F(a) of the 1951 Refugee Convention, and using subsequent mechanisms for extradition or prosecution in international criminal law. A number of principles within human rights law and public international law have been advocated by the UNCHR and several human rights NGOs as necessary for a thorough application of the exclusion clauses; one that takes individual responsibility into account and upholds the aims and purposes of the exclusion clauses. There is a discussion as to whether specialised or accelerated exclusion procedures are justified for reasons of security and efficiency, or if they put the rights of the individual at risk and limit the opportunities for gathering information to support investigation and prosecution of the crime in question. Apart from the instruments of asylum law and procedure that have emerged within the EU harmonisation process, there are no general, binding rules on the procedural aspects of the exclusion clauses. One principle that regulates the consequences for the individual of exclusion from refugee status and decisions on extradition is, however, the principle of non-refoulement. Although partly contested in state practice, there is widespread consensus in international jurisprudence and doctrine that the principle, following its status as a jus cogens rule, prohibits every state from returning any individual to a territory where he or she may face torture or other cruel and inhuman treatment or punishment, irrespective of any security risks that the individual may pose to the custodial state.
Extradition or prosecution of individuals suspected of crimes under article 1F(a), based on universal jurisdiction and the principle of aut dedere aut judicare, has gained increased support from international conventions, such as the 1948 Convention on Genocide and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The principles are widely upheld by human rights NGOs, and tendencies in practice and policy among the member states of the EU and the parties to the Rome Statute point towards the development of a customary rule of universal jurisdiction among these states. Continuing resistance to the Rome Statute and to universal jurisdiction among influential states such as the USA, Russia, China and India nevertheless serves to exclude these states from being bound by such an emerging customary rule of universal jurisdiction. There are compelling arguments as to why breaches of jus cogens-rules should include or give rise to erga omnes rights or obligations for all states to exercise universal jurisdiction over such breaches. Without the support of major states it is, however, difficult to establish the existence of the general state acceptance of universal jurisdiction as is required for the principle to attain jus cogens-status and become universally applicable, regardless of state consent. Future prospects for adequate and efficient identification and prosecution of suspected war criminals depend on the correct and thorough application of the exclusion clauses, in combination with the development of existing rules of universal jurisdiction, and not least on the willingness and ability of states to overcome the political, economic and institutional obstacles that presently may prevent many states from extraditing or prosecuting individuals who fall within the scope of article 1F(a) of the exclusion clauses.
Moille, Celine. "L’influence du droit international privé sur le droit interne français." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22026.
Full textFollowing the emergence of new means of communication and transportation, the second half of the twentieth century witnessed a massive development of the international society with its corresponding legal rules. However, the thought of Bartin that domestic law rules are projected into the international legal order, added to Batiffol opinion that domestic law always takes precedence over international law, lead us to believe that Private International Law is nothing but a strict reflection of domestic law. Although international by its object, Private International Law remains traditionally linked to domestic law where it draws its source. Therefore, whether or not containing a foreign element, legal relations between private persons are always considered through the prism of internal law. In that sense, domestic law does naturally shape International Private Law.The aim of this study is to investigate and justify the reverse movement : is there today an influence of Private International Law toward French law? By its methods (such as qualification, conflict of law rules or substantive rules), Private International Law in a specific approach of legal relationships that is detached from domestic considerations, allows to perceive some hidden aspects of internal law. If this were to be a confirmed intuition, conflicting and substantive Private International Law, should then be considered a new modern legal model, influencing the domestic law in which it originally blossomed
Ntovas, Alexandros. "Compulsory settlement of compatibility fishery disputes : the theory of embedded clauses in article 7 of the agreement for the implementation of the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the conservation and management of straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/345561/.
Full textPaula, Ludmila Cruvinel Gordo de. "CONVENÇÃO DE ARBITRAGEM NOVAS PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE O ESTUDO DA CLÁUSULA COMPROMISSÓRIA CHEIA E VAZIA E O TERMO DE COMPROMISSO ARBITRAL." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2010. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2785.
Full textArbitrtion has increased its scope in contemporary societies, but is still underused, despite the Express constitutional authorization. In fact, alternative methods of conflict resolution is a new field of procedures, which are replacing traditional ways of solving problems related to disputes of rights available. The increase in economic transactions has changed the way of understanding the traditional theory of legal transactions, in which a contract is not concluded by the same, but there is a huge difference in the legal position of the parties. The solution demands for arbitration is based on the autonomy of the will of the parties, to provide justice faster, faster, and cheaper in Brazil. For this method to be effective, necessary it is that the convention is held and developed without vices will. The dissertation it is the validity of the arbitration agreement, recognizing, however, that there are several points to be reformed, with respect to special legislation. Thus, on account of such facts, this study will investigate the phenomena of historical facts related to arbitration, until our present day, with emphasis on the advantages of the institute, and shape and effectiveness of the arbitration agreement.
A Arbitragem aumentou seu campo de aplicação nas sociedades contemporâneas, mas ainda é pouco utilizada, apesar de expressa autorização constitucional. De fato, os métodos alternativos de resolução de conflitos são um novo campo de procedimentos, que estão substituindo as maneiras tradicionais de resolver os problemas relacionados aos litígios de direitos disponíveis. O aumento das transações econômicas mudou a maneira de compreender a teoria tradicional dos negócios jurídicos, em que um contrato não é celebrado por iguais, mas há uma diferença enorme na posição jurídica das partes. A solução de demandas pela arbitragem é baseada na autonomia da vontade das partes, para proporcionar uma justiça mais rápida, célere, e menos onerosa no Brasil. Para que este método seja eficaz, necessário se faz, que a convenção seja celebrada e elaborada sem vícios de vontade. A dissertação trata-se da validade da convenção arbitral, reconhecendo, no entanto, a existência de diversos pontos a serem reformados, no que tange a legislação especial. Assim, por conta de tais fatos, este estudo investigará os fenômenos da arbitragem relacionados aos fatos históricos, até os nossos dias atuais, com ênfase nas vantagens do instituto, e na forma e eficácia da convenção de arbitragem.
Branellec, Gurvan. "La coexistence des règles applicables au contrat de transport international de marchandises par mer : contribution à l'étude de l'uniformité du droit." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511315.
Full textPapadatou, Marina. "La convention d’arbitrage dans le contrat de transport maritime de marchandises : étude comparée des droits français, hellénique et anglais." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020008/document.
Full textThis study is primarily focused on the enforceability of arbitration agreements incorporated in contracts of carriage of goods by sea. First, we will cover the important issue of determining the law applicable to these arbitration agreements. Special attention will be given to how courts tend to implement general international arbitration principles to maritime disputes. An arbitration agreement incorporated in acontract of carriage of goods by sea should also be analyzed in light of the specificities of maritime transport law and applicable international shipping conventions. Moreover, the comparative methodology used herein will show that the enforceability of arbitration agreements is closely related to the qualification of the operators involved in the contract. In particular, among the commercial players involved in the carriage of the goods, we sought to examine the legal position of the consignee of the goods. Indeed, since the consignee is absent at the moment of the contract formation, the binding effect there upon of the arbitration agreement, which is generally incorporated “by reference” to the bill of lading, is highly debated by scholars and judges
Babahacene, Sarah Fadila. "L'après contrat de distribution." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10039.
Full textThe distribution contract, legal framework, governed at the time of its formation by a legal and jurisprudential construction at the preliminary contract, and during its execution by the Civil Code, the Commercial Code and the rules of competition law. The question arises, however, what governs beyond its end. This particular period is named : the post-contract distribution. Whatever the reason for termination, when the distribution contract is over, it is necessary to consider the nature of the rules governing post-contractual relationship between contractors. Today, the general law of contracts is insufficient about the liquidation of the contractual past between distributor and supplier. Another right emerge, influenced in part, by the economy and the internationalization of the distribution contract involving the inspiration of foreign laws; Community and international law, but also, many reform projects of obligations laws. All these reflexions will establish a more practical approach to the legal regime applies to this complex period of the post-contract distribution
Kardimis, Théofanis. "La chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation face à l’article 6 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme : étude juridictionnelle comparée (France-Grèce)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3004.
Full textThe first party of the study is dedicated to the invocation of the right to a fair trial intra and extra muros and, on this basis, it focuses on the direct applicability of Article 6 and the subsidiarity of the Convention and of the European Court of Human Rights. Because of the fact that the right to a fair trial is a ‘‘judge-made law’’, the study also focuses on the invocability of the judgments of the European Court and more precisely on the direct invocability of the European Court’s judgment finding that there has been a violation of the Convention and on the request for an interpretation in accordance with the European Court’s decisions. The possibility of reviewing the criminal judgment made in violation of the Convention has generated a new right of access to the Court of cassation which particularly concerns the violations of the right to a fair trial and is probably the most important step for the respect of the right to a fair trial after enabling the right of individual petition. As for the weak conventional basis of the authority of res interpretata (“autorité de la chose interprétée”), this fact explains why an indirect dialogue between the ECHR and the Court of cassation is possible but doesn’t affect the applicant’s right to request an interpretation in accordance with the Court’s decisions and the duty of the Court of cassation to explain why it has decided to depart from the (non-binding) precedent.The second party of the study is bigger than the first one and is dedicated to the guarantees of the proper administration of justice (Article 6§1), the presumption of innocence (Article 6§2), the rights which find their conventional basis on the Article 6§1 but their logical explanation to the presumption of innocence and the rights of defence (Article 6§3). More precisely, the second party of the study is analyzing the right to an independent and impartial tribunal established by law, the right to a hearing within a reasonable time, the principle of equality of arms, the right to adversarial proceedings, the right of the defence to the last word, the right to a public hearing and a public pronouncement of the judgement, the judge’s duty to state the reasons for his decision, the presumption of innocence, in both its procedural and personal dimensions, the accused’s right to lie, his right to remain silent, his right against self-incrimination, his right to be informed of the nature and the cause of the accusation and the potential re-characterisation of the facts, his right to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of the defence, including in particular the access to the case-file and the free and confidential communication with his lawyer, his right to appear in person at the trial, his right to defend either in person or through legal assistance, his right to be represented by his counsel, his right to free legal aid if he hasn’t sufficient means to pay for legal assistance but the interests of justice so require, his right to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him and his right to the free assistance of an interpreter and to the translation of the key documents. The analysis is based on the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and focuses on the position taken by the French and the Greek Court of Cassation (Areopagus) on each one of the above mentioned rights
Lobba, Paolo. "Il volto europeo del reato di negazionismo tra richieste di incriminazione UE e principi fondamentali CEDU." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17197.
Full textThe present study aims to analyse the legal treatment of the crime of denialism by the two main actors in European justice, namely, the European Union (‘EU’) and the European Court of Human Rights (‘ECtHR’). Presently, these two systems find themselves in a delicate position: they must cherish and protect the memory of an historical event – the Holocaust – which is central to Europe’s own identity, while simultaneously promoting respect for fundamental rights such as the freedom of speech. This unique balance raises a need for a thorough investigation into Europe’s approach to the crime of denialism. The dissertation’s first section seeks to measure the scope of EU-imposed obligations to make denialism a crime. Notably, the impact on EU Member States of the Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA on racism and xenophobia is assessed, with illustrations of a few archetypal examples of domestic implementing legislation. The second part of the dissertation turns to the jurisprudence of the ECtHR to examine the relationship between Holocaust denial as a crime and the right to freedom of expression, with a view to deducing the principles under which States must comply in the criminalization of this kind of utterance. The work’s overall goals are to assess: a) the nature of interactions between the EU and ECtHR; b) whether their positions on denialism are better portrayed in terms of contrast or mutual support; c) the legal nature and content of the obligations originating for the Member States; d) whether a Europe-wide criminal prohibition on denialism is dictated or simply encouraged; and e) whether such a prohibition would be desirable, and if so, under what conditions.
Mouzaki, Dionysia. "La médiation des différends civils en droit de l'Union Européenne et ses incidences sur les droits français, anglais et grec." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3021.
Full textWith regard to the Directive n° 52/2008CE of the European Parliament and the Council of 21 May 2008 in certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters, as well as the Directive 2013/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC also the Regulation (EU) n°524/2013 of the European Parliament and the Council of 21 May 2013 on online dispute resolution for consumer disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC (Regulation on consumer ODR), this thesis examine the main lines for the development of mediation set out by the European Union. How the tendency to develop mediation within Europe, represented by the directive the European texts above has been reflected in the three legal systems examined? How mediation works in systems where law is rigid and its infringement is being severely sanctioned (civil law applied in France and Greece) and how does it work in common law (applied in the United Kingdom)? Mediation law is nowadays largely presented as a flexible way to avoid court’s costs, longevity and complexity. But should it be integrated in procedural law as a kind of complementary justice within the courts? Can positive law, courts and amiable dispute resolution cooperate in an effective manner? An effective cooperation of public justice and mediation could be of major importance for the improvement of procedural law, as access to justice is not always guaranteed. Public justice has not always being successful, since the severe application of law has been proven unable to create a social and dynamic legal system. Thus, it often cultivates “bitterness” against judicial adventure. In this regard, mediation promises a profound change in the way of settling disputes. However, the idea of a “private” justice based in contract law does not go without mistrusts. The imbalance between the parties is usually obvious in contract law and fosters the strongest party. The question then is to know if a secure legal framework of mediation based on the particularities of national legal systems could facilitate its proper implementation. The main concept of the thesis is to present a legal structure of mediation combined by the European law’s directives and their implementation in the three national laws. But the nature, the process, as well as the relation of mediation with courts are examined in parallel with the conformity of mediation in the article 6 § 1 of the European Convention of Human Rights, the fundamental right of a public hearing by a tribunal
Dakessian, Rodney. "Les effets juridiques des massacres commis contre les Armeniens en 1915 et leurs modes de resolutions judiciaires et extrajudiciaires possibles." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30096/document.
Full textThe main purpose of my thesis is to study all the legal issues concerning the 'Armenian question'.First, the existence of the elements of the crime of genocide in 1915 at the conventional international law, made our first question to consider. Then, it was necessary to study the nature of the crime committed against the Ottoman Armenians in 1915.In addition, can Turkey be responsible for a crime committed by the Ottoman Empire, according to the principle of succession of States in international law, especially that the Turkish state was created in 1923?And in case of such responsibility, has Armenia the right to maintain a lawsuit against Turkey, especially at the time of the crime, there was no Armenian state?The victims were citizens of the Ottoman Empire but of Armenian descent.Also, the quality of Armenia to take legal action, by judicial or extrajudicial processes, must be studied, regarding especially to the principle of non-retroactivity of treaties, especially that in our case, the crime was committed in 1915, while the Genocide Convention was enacted in 1948.In fact, our thesis aims ultimately to bring the two countries closer and actually try to help reach the end of the conflict between them, perceive what gather them and not what divides them, and find a fair and objective solution for both countries, in order to help put an end to their historic dispute, and that through a realistic and impartial study, based on logic and the nature of things and the circumstances of the existing
Soro, Russell Olivier. "El contrato normativo : análisis de una categoría." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40017.
Full textHow far are now individuals free to create the most appropriate contractual tool to achieve the satisfaction of their needs and interests? What they have in common figures as diverse as a joint-venture agreement, a franchise agreement or a marriage contract? Is the old general theory of contract adapted to the contractual practice of the XXI century? A deep study of the normative contract in this book provides answers to these and to many other momentous matters of Private Law of Contract. Reconstructed from the detailed analysis of the theory and legal practice, the notion of normative contract as an agreement of cooperative nature could constitute the bridge to a new and inspiring way of conceiving the contract. Not surprisingly, as shown by its main practical manifestations, the contract is often more than just an instrument to organize an exchange of goods and services, a powerful regulatory tool of reality and human behavior. To put it briefly, if on the one hand in this essay the author seeks find a remedy for a situation of great uncertainty regarding the so-called normative contract, in the other hand he also invites the legal community to reflect calmly on the role played by contract in present society.Keywords: Normative contract, Normenvertrag, Alfred HUECK, genesis, concept, pactum de modo contrahendo, contrat-cadre, framework agreements, distribution, collective agreement, financial transactions, joint venture, marriage contract, codes of conduct, Spanish private law, French private law, contractual clause, cooperative agreement, intuitus personae, no-obligational and obligational content of the contract, union of contracts, regulatory function of contract, general contract theory, theory of legal regulation, Hans KELSEN , freedom of contract
Pellegrini, Cécile. "Droits applicables au contrat international : étude théorique et pratique du dépeçage." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30049.
Full textThis study aims at analyzing contractual “dépeçage” or “contractual splitting”. This ability allow the parties to an international contract to distribute it between different laws. The figure has been enshrined in the Rome Convention, that became the Rome I Regulation, which now constitutes the actual French and European private international law of contract. The advantage of this technique was then renewed by the Proposal for a Regulation Rome 1 whose novelty lies in the admission of the combination, not only between different state laws as it is currently the case, but also, between state laws and non-state laws. In this respect, the theoretical contours of the term are explored. And since contract law is primarily a practical law, this study aims to assess the real value of the measure for international operators. The interest of the demonstration is therefore based on the methodology of the research, the issue split the contract being discussed both on a theoretical level, as on a practical point of view
Beaudet, R. "Compréhension des conditions de l'inclusion et de la non-inclusion de clauses orphelins dans les conventions collectives." Thèse, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1672.
Full textOkumu, Serah Esendi. "The UN Refugee Convention cessation clause and its application to Rwandan refugees based in Kenya." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11002.
Full textThesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.
Parent, Marcel. "La loi du 1% et les clauses de formation de la main-d'oeuvre dans les conventions collectives du secteur privé au Québec." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1533.
Full textNsundi, Mbambi Pascal. "The "Conference Nationale Souveraine" in Zaire and the Convention for a democratic South Africa: a comparative study through Claude Lefort's theory of democracy." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/4692.
Full textSaadé, Nadine. "Le Canada et l’article 1F de la Convention relative au statut des réfugiés : une application large en réponse aux menaces à la sécurité nationale." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10751.
Full textInternational refugee law emerged in 1951 with the adoption of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. This instrument, along with its Protocol, defined the contemporary notion of “refugee” and established the rights of these individuals as well as State obligations towards them. However, this international protection was not absolute. Suspecting that many oppressors would attempt to use this mechanism to escape prosecution by finding refuge abroad, the authors of the 1951 Convention introduced a derogation to the definition of refugee by way of the exclusion clause. As such, this article allows States to refuse to extend refugee protection to individuals responsible for the most serious international and national crimes. Canada, which ratified the 1951 Convention and its 1969 Protocol, incorporated the exclusion clause in its national legislation through article 98 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. The present thesis wishes to examine the application of this exclusion clause in Canadian law. In doing so, we will analyze the understanding of this provision in domestic law. Our objective is to demonstrate that our judicial courts favor a large interpretation of this clause, thus straying from its exceptional nature. This approach results in overweighing the importance of national security against the humanitarian nature of the refugee protection system.
Krejčová, Irena. "Užití čárky v anglickém souvětí: Analýza konvencí a stylových specifik čárky v odborném textu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415180.
Full textKost, de Sèvres Nicolette. "Le consentement à la convention d'arbitrage commercial international : évolution et développement récents en droit québécois et en droit international." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2452.
Full textArbitration has evolved in parallel and in accordance with the development of commerce and of international relations coming along with the rise of commercial disputes which are becoming increasingly complex and specialised. By choosing arbitration, the parties consensually exclude the jurisdiction ofState courts. This right to access State courts is protected namely in the Charter ofHuman Rights and Freedoms. The validity of an arbitration clause therefore depends above all on the proof of its existence and of the consent of the parties to that effect. The necessity of the written form becomes a mean that insures of the consent of the parties. The 1958 New York Convention enumerates several of those formal requirements. !ts section 11(2), which states that the arbitration clause has to be in written form, is not adapted to today's legal and commercial reality nor to the development of electronic commerce. What exactly is considered as ''written'' in order to respect the requirements of section 1I(2)? As addressed by UNCITRAL, the issue concerning the formalism required for the expression of the parties' intent to be subjected to arbitration is of a vital importance. Numerous interpretations exist in Canadian law as well as in International law. A reform of the existing legal provisions relating to the consent of arbitration needs to be implemented, either through a reform of the existing provisions or through an official process to update the interpretation given to the requirements that are a1ready in place.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de LL.M. en droit option droit des affaires"
Pires, Soraia Luísa Soares Nascimento. "Beneficial ownership : interpretation of the beneficial owner concept in tax treaty practice and European Union Law." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36761.
Full textApesar da sua longa história o conceito de beneficiário efetivo tem levantado controvérsia e continua a ser dos conceitos mais discutidos em direito internacional fiscal, devido à sua definição ambígua. Quer o Modelo da OCDE, quer o direito da União Europeia não definem de forma inequívoca o conceito e a sua falta de harmonização leva os tribunais a aplicar interpretações diferentes e contraditórias. A ligação entre o conceito de beneficiário efetivo e a sua ligação com a figura do abuso de direito foi já por diversas vezes abordada judicialmente, fazendo realçar as dúvidas quanto ao conceito. O Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia emitiu recentemente duas importantes decisões judiciais com impacto para a definição do conceito de beneficiário efetivo, a sua conexão com o abuso de direito e uma nova leitura sugerindo que a cláusula de sujeição a imposto requer que este seja efetivamente tributado.
Manirabona, Amissi. "La problématique du consentement à l'arbitrage multipartite au sein des groupements de sociétés." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2400.
Full textArbitration as an institution based on the intention of the parties, the consent on the multi-party arbitration procedure raises many problems relating to the way in which the parties express their intention to participate in a unique arbitration forum. This study aims to determinate the manner in which the arbitrator can join disputes resolution involving the groups of companies. The normal way to get a multi-party procedure is to provide it in an arbitration clause. This can be by signing a single arbitration agreement by all the parties involved. In certain cases, the multi-party arbitration can also be possible with several arbitration agreements especially when the parties took part in carrying out ofthe same economic operation. However, in other situations, the multi-party arbitration procedure is unrelated to consent. A non-signatory party can nevertheless be bound by an arbitration agreement signed by an other party. To allow the participation in the arbitration procedure of a third party non-signatory of the arbitration agreement, the arbitrators use several concepts provided chiefly by the national laws. 80, the lifting of the corporate veil, the doctrine of economic reality and estoppel, are the best tools for the arbitrators to bring to the arbitration procedure, by force or on request, a non-signatory of the arbitration agreement. Lastly, the mechanisms of the Civil code are used with efficiency by arbitrators to neutralize the effects of the relativity principle of the arbitration agreement. Those mechanisms are in particular the good faith, mandate, stipulation for another and assignment.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des Études supérieures En vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit (LL.M.) option : Droit des affaires". Ce mémoire a été accepté à l'unanimité et classé parmi les 15% des mémoires de la discipline.