Academic literature on the topic 'Conventional clauses'
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Journal articles on the topic "Conventional clauses"
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Batifort, Simon, and J. Benton Heath. "The New Debate on the Interpretation of MFN Clauses in Investment Treaties: Putting the Brakes on Multilateralization." American Journal of International Law 111, no. 4 (October 2017): 873–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2017.77.
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AbstractThis article challenges the conventional wisdom that MFN clauses in investment treaties can always be used to “import” substantive standards of treatment (e.g. FET). It argues that most tribunals permitting this use of MFN clauses have relied on presumptions and have ignored meaningful variations among clauses. It also points out that states are increasingly questioning the conventional view, and that a recent arbitral award has firmly rejected an attempt to use an MFN clause to import substantive standards. It concludes by sketching the terms of the new MFN debate.
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Conti, Carmen. "Disjunctive clauses with o. o ‘either. or’ in Spanish and clausal cosubordination." Folia Linguistica 52, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2018-0001.
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Abstract This paper examines disjunctive clauses marked with o… o ‘either… or’ in Spanish with a view to demonstrating that, in contrast to conventional analyses, o… o-clauses are actually cosubordinate: o… o-clauses are [+dependent, ‒embedded], they generally share clausal operators and they often denote an episode or a sequence of events showing some sort of continuity in space as well as participants. To this end, this paper will describe subordinate and coordinate clauses in accordance with several tests and will go on to outline the properties of o… o-clauses, focusing in particular on their similarities and differences with respect to coordinate and subordinate clauses. Finally, it will describe why o… o-clauses would be better classified as examples of clausal cosubordination.
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Garza, Rafael Ibarra. "Un Rompimiento con el Paradigma Convencional del Arbitraje. El Caso de la Clausula Compromisoria Incluida en un Fideicomiso-trust." Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem 11, Issue 44 (December 1, 2014): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/rba2014057.
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ABSTRACT: The fideicomisos and trusts are similar institutions from different legal systems. Because of the advantages of arbitration it is not a surprise to find arbitration clauses in the instruments of such legal mechanisms. However, there is an obstacle to the effectiveness of the arbitration clause; this obstacle is the lack of acceptance of the beneficiaries of the arbitration clause. Lack of consent is due to the structure of the fideicomiso and the trust. Despite this obstacle, there are theories and legislations that support the effectiveness of arbitration clauses in trust instruments which questions the conventional paradigm of arbitration.
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Tjabaka, Lemohang. "The Position of the Subjectness of the Subject-less Conventional Infinitives." Journal of Translation and Language Studies 2, no. 2 (August 7, 2021): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/jtls.v2i2.247.
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The English conventional infinitive clauses have either overt or covert subjects. Previous analyses mainly used the PRO Theorem and Null-Case Approaches to show the distribution of the subjectness of the subject-less conventional infinitives. However, this paper investigated the position of the subjectness of the subject-less conventional infinitive clauses using the Minimalist Program’s Movement Theory of Control and the External Token Merge. In this qualitative paper, data was extracted from the previous English Ph.D. research studies conducted by English native and non-native speakers, and analysed using successive approximation analytic tools. The results demonstrate that the control and SSR-infinitives are generated in a similar fashion, which is why they share the type of subjectness. The base-generated PRO, which is claimed to be the subjectness of the control infinitives, is further revealed that is derived from movement. Therefore, for uniformity purposes, the subjectness of the control and SSR-infinitives is found to be a trace-copy (t) or a lexical subject positioned at the [spec-IP], [spec-TP], and [spec-vP]. The analysis suggested connectivity between the structure of the subject-less conventional infinitive clause and the position of the subjectness of the subject-less conventional infinitives as the structure of the subject-less conventional infinitives informs the distribution.
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Jeavons, P., and J. Petke. "Local Consistency and SAT-Solvers." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 43 (March 19, 2012): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.3531.
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Local consistency techniques such as k-consistency are a key component of specialised solvers for constraint satisfaction problems. In this paper we show that the power of using k-consistency techniques on a constraint satisfaction problem is precisely captured by using a particular inference rule, which we call negative-hyper-resolution, on the standard direct encoding of the problem into Boolean clauses. We also show that current clause-learning SAT-solvers will discover in expected polynomial time any inconsistency that can be deduced from a given set of clauses using negative-hyper-resolvents of a fixed size. We combine these two results to show that, without being explicitly designed to do so, current clause-learning SAT-solvers efficiently simulate k-consistency techniques, for all fixed values of k. We then give some experimental results to show that this feature allows clause-learning SAT-solvers to efficiently solve certain families of constraint problems which are challenging for conventional constraint-programming solvers.
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Bell, David Michael, and Theresa Moran. "Comparing the wine tasting notes of Jancis Robinson and Terry Theise: A stylistic analysis." Text & Talk 40, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2019-2053.
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AbstractThis paper offers a stylistic analysis of the tasting notes (TNs) of wine writers Jancis Robinson and Terry Theise. We define linguistic style as those distinctive, consistent, and creative linguistic choices writers make beyond what is conventionally expected in a TN, which are only discernible by comparison to other wine reviewers. Using a corpus of Robinson’s and Theise’s TNs on German and Austrian wines 2012, we compare their TNs in terms of rhetorical and grammatical structure, use of descriptors, and other evaluative language. Robinson’s elliptical note-form style is characterized by adherence to canonical rhetorical structure, verbless clauses, extensive use of conventional metaphoric descriptors and limited use of object descriptors. Theise has an effusive, people-centered additive style characterized by non-conventional rhetorical structure, multiple phrase and clause and coordination, and extensive and exotic use of diverse object descriptors, personification, and intensifier + evaluative adjective phrases. We then connect their varying linguistic styles to their differing approaches to wine tasting.
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Preuss, Ulrich K. "The Implications of “Eternity Clauses”: The German Experience." Israel Law Review 44, no. 3 (2011): 429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700018124.
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This paper explores the conceptual possibility and implications of the concept of unconstitutional constitutional amendments. In the first section, the author argues that unconstitutional constitutional norms are conceptually impossible within the conventional hierarchical model of norms. In the second section, the author discusses the normative particularity of the amending power and concludes that an unlimited power may endanger the constitution. In sections III and IV, the author explains why so-called “eternity clauses,” in order to fend off such a danger, have been designed to place certain immutable elements of the constitution beyond the limits of the amending power. The paradigmatic case is the German Basic Law and a recent decision by the Federal Constitutional Court that discusses the implications of the “eternity clause” with reference to the distinction between constituent power and the constituted amending power. The author develops an alternative understanding of that distinction and its consequences for the amending power. The possible adverse effects of “eternity clauses” on the normality of the constitution are briefly considered in the final section.
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Prideaux, Gary D. "Subordination and information distribution in oral and written narratives." Pragmatics and Cognition 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.1.1.05pri.
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The ways in which given and new information are distributed, and the functions associated with the distribution, are examined here in terms of information content of relative and adverbial clauses in oral and written narratives. The conventional view that subordinate clauses tend to code given rather than new information is shown to be inadequate. Moreover, a comparison of oral and written narratives of the same events reveals both extensive differences in the two modalities, and at the same time striking similarities in terms of the information distribution within relative clauses. Relative clauses are found to be far more frequent in oral narratives than in their written analogues. However, when the differences are examined in terms of the relative frequencies of given and new relative clauses, the oral narratives are shown to have far more given relative clauses than the written versions, whereas the frequencies for the new relative clauses is virtually identical in the two modalities. This result is attributed to memory constraints.
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Paparinskis, Martins. "MFN Clauses and Substantive Treatment: A Law of Treaties Perspective of the “Conventional Wisdom”." AJIL Unbound 112 (2018): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2018.28.
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On the big questions, Simon Batifort and J. Benton Heath are plainly right. Dogmatic presumptions about the necessary effect of particular clauses and woolly notions of systemic teleology may distract the interpreter from the task of finding the meaning that represents the intentions of the parties, best articulated in the specific terms chosen. Customary rules on treaty interpretation, reflected in Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), are meant to be flexibly adapted to the case in hand. But in applying their insight to the small print of the interpretative question, Batifort and Heath are less persuasive. Can most favored nation (MFN) clauses be generally relied upon to, as they put it, “import” substantive standards of treatment of investment protection law? The authors are critical of the apparent consensus in favor of an affirmative answer—they call it “conventional wisdom”—and in this regard seem to me to be significantly overstating their case.
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Pamoro, Giza'a Jati. "Principle of Balance E-Contracts in Paylater features in E-Commerce." Notaire 5, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ntr.v5i3.39755.
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AbstractThe development of digital technology makes a lot of changes against people behavior, one of which are buying and selling activities in e-commerce. This study aims to analyze a implementation the princinple of balance in e-contracts specificities a paylater payment feature contained in e-commerce. The existing of e-commerce makes a people shift from a conventional contracts (physical) to electronic contracts (e-contracts). Behind the conveniences and sophistication from e-contracts, there is a weakness and significant impact such as imbalance from that clauses and then makes the users (society) not more paying attention against that clauses, even that contracts. This study uses doctrinal legal research method with statutory and conceptual approach. Based on the analyze, between a company (e-commerce) and users (societies) there is imbalance in a contracts, because a company always feels superior than users, so that users only follow anything provisions which made by a company without notice a principle of balance in a contracts. the company should be able to provide several options in the clause, so that users can really understand the legal actions carried out by the parties.Keywords: Principle of Balance; E-Contracts; E-Commerce; Paylater.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conventional clauses"
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CORDOVA, GIOVANNA. "GLI ACCORDI TRA IL CITTADINO E L'AMMINISTRAZIONE: I LIMITI ALL'AUTONOMIA NEGOZIALE E GLI ONERI ESORBITANTI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/123245.
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La tesi ha ricostruito il tema dell’esercizio del potere amministrativo in via consensuale. Si è partiti dalla constatazione che nello scenario attuale si è, sempre più, diffuso l’agire dell’amministrazione secondo modelli negoziati. Più in particolare, in assenza di una norma che disciplini puntualmente il processo di formazione dell’accordo pubblico, la ricerca ha indagato quali siano i poteri spettanti all’amministrazione ed al cittadino nella fase propedeutica alla conclusione dell’accordo. Si è, inoltre, evidenziato che si sta assistendo ad un fenomeno di espansione dell’istituto in esame anche al di là del dettato normativo. La ricerca ha affrontato anche il tema dei possibili contenuti degli accordi pubblici e ha individuato le clausole pattizie che più frequentemente sono inserite nei documenti convenzionali tra queste l’attenzione si è incentrata sulle clausole contenenti i cd. ‘oneri esorbitanti’. Ci si è chiesti se e in quale misura la pubblica amministrazione possa, attraverso tali clausole, ottenere risultati maggiori rispetto a quelli conseguibili con il provvedimento amministrativo unilaterale, senza che venga violato il principio di legalità. La giurisprudenza amministrativa, attualmente prevalente, ritiene tali clausole pienamente legittime in quanto frutto di un libero consenso del privato. L’analisi ha avuto come punto di riferimento di tutta la ricerca il quesito se e come il principio consensualistico possa coniugarsi con il principio di legalità. Infine nella ricerca si sono individuati i possibili limiti all’autonomia negoziale del privato e dell’amministrazione.The thesis reconstructed the theme of the exercise of administrative power by consensus. We started from the observation that in the current scenario the action of the administration according to negotiated models has become increasingly widespread. More specifically, in the absence of a rule that regulates the process of forming the public agreement, the research investigated what are the powers due to the administration andthe citizen in the preparatory phase to the conclusion of the agreement. It was also highlighted how we are witnessing a phenomenon of expansion of the institute under consideration even beyond the regulatory dictate. The research also addressed the issue of the possible contents of public agreements and identified the contractual clauses that are most frequently included in conventional documents, among which the focus was on the clauses containing the cd. "exorbitant charges". The central question is whether and to what extent the public administration can, through these clauses, achieve greater results than those achievable by unilateral administrative measure, without violating the principle of legality. Theadministrative case-law, which currently prevails, considers that these clauses are fully legitimate as the result of the free consent of the private individual. The analysis had as a reference point of all the research the question of whether and how the consensual principle can be combined with the principle of legality. Finally, the research concerned the identification of limits to the negotiating autonomy of the private sector and the administration.
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Glasper, Stéphanie Monique. "Les clauses anti-abus dans les conventions fiscales internationales." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10009.
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Les clauses anti-abus sont insérées dans les conventions fiscales internationales afin de lutter contre leur usage abusif et l'usage abusif des droits internes. L'étude de ces clauses nécessite l'analyse de leur dispositif et de l'application de ce dispositif. La définition de ces clauses, l'examen de leurs fondements, l'étude de leur procédure d'élaboration, l'analyse de leur domaine d'application, l'étude de leur contenu et l'appréciation de la position des différents Etats à leur égard, est un préalable incontournable pour la compréhension du dispositif des clauses anti-abus. Ensuite, l'analyse de l'application de ce dispositif , tant au travers des mécanismes et de la procédure de sa mise en oeuvre, qu'au travers de son articulation avec les mesures anti-abus de droit interne et avec le droit communautaire, permet d'en apprécier l'efficacité de manière critique pour l'améliorerAnti-abuse clauses are inserted in international tax treaties to prevent them from being abused as well as internal laws. The study of these clauses implies the analysis of their device and their application. The definition of these clauses, the examination of their grounds, the study of their elaboration procedure, the analysis of their scope, the study of their content and the appraisal of the position of the different states towards them, is a step which can not be avoided for the understanding of the anti-abuse clauses device. Then, the analysis of the application of this device, as much in the mecanismes and the procedure of its implementation, as in its articulation with internaI anti-abuse measures and community law, allows a critical appraisal of its efficiency to improve it
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Bernard, Florence. "Les clauses attributives de juridiction dans les conventions judiciaires européennes." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020088.
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L'article 17 des conventions de Bruxelles du 27 septembre 1968 et de Lugano du 16 septembre 1988 régit les clauses attributives de juridiction, dont l'utilisation est très fréquente dans les contrats internationaux et le contentieux important. L'étude se propose de rechercher si l'existence d'une réglementation européenne des clauses attributives de juridiction évite toute interprétation divergente entre États contractants et si cette réglementation répond aux besoins du commerce international, c'est-à-dire à la rapidité de conclusion des contrats mais aussi au besoin de prévisibilité des parties. Pour répondre à cette double question, il convenait d'étudier la teneur exacte de cette réglementation en analysant la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice des communautés européennes ainsi que celle des juridictions des différents États tels que la France, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni. Au cours de cette analyse, il est apparu que, d'une part, selon leur tradition juridique, les tribunaux nationaux n'éprouvent pas les mêmes difficultés d'interprétation et, d'autre part, l'équilibre de la réglementation entre les objectifs antinomiques que sont la rapidité de conclusion et la protection de l'adhérent à une clause attributive de juridiction est actuellement moyennement satisfaisant mais pourrait être amélioré. Cette étude est menée en trois étapes. La première consiste à délimiter le champ d'application de l'article 17. La seconde correspond à l'analyse des conditions de validité aussi bien de la forme que de fond des clauses attributives de juridiction et enfin, la troisième étape a pour objet de déterminer les effets processuels et contractuels de la clause de compétence.
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Chenu, Damien. "Les clauses contractuelles autonomes." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR1004.
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Fréquemment utilisée par la Cour de cassation ainsi que par les juridictions du fond, la notion de clause autonome fait aujourd'hui partie des concepts reconnus par la doctrine pour son utilité. L'autonomie permettrait notamment au juge de « sauver » opportunément une clause d'un contrat promis à l'anéantissement et de lui faire produire effet. Pourtant, à l'analyse, l'autonomie des clauses possède de solides fondements qui devraient permettre un développement des clauses autonomes.Dans un premier temps, au-delà de leur aspect matériel, elles constituent de véritables conventions dont la nature ne peut être révélée qu'en cas d'anéantissement du contrat dans lequel elles sont insérées.L'autonomie se traduit donc comme la faculté d'une clause à survivre malgré l'anéantissement du contrat qui la porte.Dans un second temps, on doit déduire de la nature conventionnelle des clauses autonomes qu'elles forment avec la convention qui les porte un groupe de contrats. Cette qualification possède de nombreuses conséquences, notamment quand à la formation du groupe. Plus importantes encore sont les incidences de cette qualification quant à la circulation du groupeNo summary available
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Scaboro, Romain. "Les conventions relatives à la preuve." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10072/document.
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Omniprésent dans toutes les matières juridiques, la preuve a une place centrale en droit. En effet, en cas de litige, contestation, les plaideurs doivent avoir comme principal objectif d'apporter la preuve de leurs prétentions. Ne pas avoir de droit ou ne pas arriver à le prouver revient au même. C’est certainement la raison pour laquelle la tentation est grande pour les parties de modifier les règles de preuve, parfois trop contraignantes. Lorsque les règles sont d'ordre public aucune dérogation n'est permise. A l'inverse, lorsque les règles sont supplétives des aménagements sont possibles, encore faut-il respecter l'ordre public. L’ordre public est donc présent à la fois au niveau de la qualification des règles de preuve, mais aussi dans la modification, lorsqu'elle est permise, de ces règles. Il existe un lien étroit entre l'ordre public et la preuve qui mérite un approfondissement. Pourquoi certaines règles sont d'ordre public ? Quelle est la conséquence de cette qualification ?Le résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
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Velo, Daniela <1990>. "SOCIAL CLAUSES AND TRADE AGREEMENTS - A VIRTUOUS CONVENTION OR A HIDDEN PROTECTIONIST MEASURE?" Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9372.
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La tesi ha lo scopo di capire se l'introduzione di una clausola sociale all'interno di accordi commerciali possa apportare benefici sia ai Paesi sviluppati che ai Paesi in via di sviluppo rafforzando ciò che è stato fatto sinora dalle agenzie delle Nazioni Unite per promuovere il rispetto dei diritti sociali, dei diritti dell'uomo e dell'ambiente; oppure se le clausole sociali sono designate solo come misura protezionistica e che, in questo senso, andrebbero a favorire solo i paesi sviluppati e a penalizzare i paesi in via di sviluppo andando a minare il loro maggior vantaggio comparato: stipendi e costi di produzione bassi. Nel cercare di capire qual è il vero scopo delle clausole sociali sarà effettuata un'analisi approfondita su cosa sia una clausola sociale, cosa siano gli accordi commerciali e tre esempi significativi di clausole sociali applicate ad accordi commerciali.
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Ben, Salem Chedly. "Les parties dans la convention d'arbitrage international." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0010.
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L'arbitrage international ne cesse de marquer son indépendance et de se détacher des règles classiques du droit commun. La création de nouveaux concepts comme la compétence-compétence, l'autonomie de la clause compromissoire, la confidentialité en est la preuve. Dans cette logique des arbitres, en se basant sur l'internationalité de la matière ont élargi la notion de personne tenue par la convention d'arbitrage. Dans ce contexte, des personnes non signataires se trouvent comme parties à part entière dans la convention d'arbitrage. Si cette marginalisation de la volonté peut se justifier pour les personnes de droit privé par la présomption de professionnalité, car si elles se mêlent à un contrat comprenant une clause compromissoire, elles doivent s'attendre à une éventuelle extension de la clause qui le contient. Cette marginalisation ne peut être aceptée pour les personnes de droit public. En effet, l'assimilation de l'Etat à des sociétés commerciales se trouve aberrante. D'u autre côté, le problème de l'extension et de la transmission de la clause compromissoire aux ayants n'a pas posé de difficulté, ici les arbitres ont respecté les règles de droit communThe international arbitrage stop making, its independence and getting loose from classic rules of the common law. The creation of new concepts as the competence-competence, the autonomy of the arbitration clause, the confidentiality is the proof. In this logic the arbitrators, by basing itself on the internationality of the subject widened the notion of nobody held by the agreement of arbitrage. If this marginalization of the will can justify itself for the persons of private law by the assumption of professionality, because if they get involved to a contract including an arbitration clause, they have to expect a possible extension of the clause which contains it. This marginalization cannot be accepted for the persons of public law. Indeed, the assimilation of the State to trading company is absurd. On the other hand, the problem of the extension and the transmission of the arbitration clause in ayant cause did not put difficulty, here the arbitrators respected the rules of common rights
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Hourson, Sébastien. "Les conventions d'administration." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020091.
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Depuis quelques décennies, les actions conventionnelles des personnes publiques ont connu un remarquable essor. Elles recouvrent toutefois des réalités variables. Il est fréquent que les actes signés comportent certains éléments caractéristiques des contrats mais ne produisent ni droit ni obligation à l’égard des parties. Dans ces hypothèses, les appareils conceptuels traditionnels ne suffisent pas à rendre compte des pratiques administratives. En l’état du droit, les qualificateurs n’ont guère le choix. Ils doivent opter pour l’une des deux possibilités admises : soit l’acte est un authentique contrat, soit il relève du non-droit. De sorte qu’il existe aujourd’hui un décalage entre les outils théoriques et les moyens administratifs. Cela invite à tracer les contours d’une nouvelle catégorie d’actes conventionnels, nommés conventions d’administration, dont les stipulations ne comprennent que des énoncés directifs, c’est-à-dire dépourvus d’impérativité. Élaborée au terme d’un examen matériel, elle peut être conçue comme une espèce relevant d’un genre, celui des actes conventionnels, dont l’identification procède d’une analyse formelle. Les conventions d’administration se trouvent ainsi séparées des contrats. Et il est possible de corroborer cette distinction en mettant en exergue leur fonction substitutive. Phénomènes juridiques et administratifs, les conventions d’administration sont en outre soumises à quelques normes et subissent des contrôles perfectibles. Adopter une telle approche permet non seulement de mieux rendre compte des instruments contemporains, et de les soumettre à un encadrement adapté, mais redonne aussi à la notion de contrat sa cohérenceIn a few decades, the conventional actions of the public persons knew a remarkable development. Nevertheless, it is frequent that the signed acts contain certain characteristic elements of contracts but do not produce either straight ahead or obligation towards the parties. In these hypotheses, the traditional theoretical concepts are not enough to report administrative practices. Those who qualify have to opt for one of both accepted possibilities: either the act is an authentic contract, or it recovers from the non-law. It invites to draw the outlines of a new category of conventional acts, named agreements of administration, the conditions of which include only directive statements, that is devoid of imperative sentences. Elaborated in the term of a material examination, it can be conceived as a sort recovering from a kind, that of the conventional acts, the identification of which proceeds of a formal analysis. The agreements of administration are so separated from contracts. And it is possible to confirm this distinction by highlighting their substitute function. Legal and administrative phenomena, the agreements of administration are besides subjected to some rules and undergo perfectible controls. Such an approach allows not only to report better contemporary instruments, and to subject them to an adapted control, but also restore in the notion of contract its coherence
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Cadet, Alain. "Éssai d'une théorie générale des clauses du contrat de travail." Lille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL20008.
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Les clauses du contrat de travail prennent une place préponderante dans la relation de travail. Issues pour la plupart de la pratique elles constituent un instrument de gestion et de protection de l'entreprise. Les clauses du contrat de travail trouvent leur fondement dans la liberté contractuelle consacrée par l'article 1134 du code civil. Eu egard à la spécificité du contrat de travail dominé par le lien de subordination, il est revenu au législateur par la mise en place de statuts protegés ainsi qu'à la jurisprudence de limiter cette liberté contractuelle. L'autonomie de la volonté en droit du travail s'est caracterisée a travers les sources du contrat de travail dominées par les conventions collectives. Les clauses du contrat verront leur régime sensiblement modifié selon qu'une convention collective s'applique ou pas. Apres avoir limité la liberté contractuelle il est revenu au législateur, mais surtout au juge d'établir ou de rétablir l'équilibre contractuel du contrat de travail. En effet, l'application de certaines clauses pouvait aboutir à un déséquilibre entre les parties. Les juges ont ete amenés à concilier deux interêts contradictoires, celui de l'employeur devant adapter ses contrats à l'évolution constante de son entreprise et celui du salarié devant bénéficier d'un minimum de protection. La recherche de l'équilibre contractuel s'est faite d'une part à travers les conditions de validité et d'application des clauses et d'autre part à travers la mise en oeuvre de la responsabilité contractuelle.
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Boulard, André. "La Loi sur la santé et la sécurité du travail et les clauses de conventions collectives à caractère préventif." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0018/MQ38033.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Conventional clauses"
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Québec (Province). Ministère du travail. Direction des études et des politiques. Les Clauses "orphelin": Analyse de conventions collectives du secteur manufacturier. [Québec]: Ministère du travail, Direction des études et des politiques, 1999.
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travail, Québec (Province) Ministère du. Dispositions de conventions collectives en matière de concertation patronale-syndicale: Exemples de clauses relatives à la concertation relevées dans des conventions collectives. Québec]: Ministere du Travail, 2003.
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Québec (Province). Ministère du travail. Direction des études et des politiques. Les clauses "orphelin": Analyse de conventions collectives du secteur municipal et du secteur du commerce de détail, magasins d'alimentation. [Québec]: Ministère du travail, Direction des études et des politiques, 1999.
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La clause de limitation des bénéfices dans la convention de double imposition entre la Suisse et les Etats-Unis. Berne: Edition Haupt, 2008.
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Montgomery, Meigs William. The growth of the Constitution in the Federal Convention of 1787: An effort to trace the origin and development of each separate clause ... Littleton, Colo: F.B. Rothman, 1987.
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Viart, Thierry. La convention de l'amour-goût chez Claude Crébillon: Genèse et perspectives. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1999.
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Mao, Junxiang. Guo ji ren quan tiao yue zhong de quan li xian zhi tiao kuan yan jiu: Study on limitation clauses of internatinal conventions on human rights. Beijing Shi: Fa lü chu ban she, 2011.
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Viljanen, Jukka. The European Court of Human Rights as a developer of the general doctrines of human rights law: A study of the limitation clauses of the European Convention on Human Rights. Tampere: Tampere University Press, 2003.
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Köhler, Martin F. Das UN-Kaufrecht (CISG) und sein Anwendungsausschluss: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Benutzung allgemeiner Geschäftsbedingungen und der internationalen Rechtsprechung zum stillschweigenden Ausschluss. Frankfurt: Lang, 2007.
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Lögering, Martin P. CISG und internationale Handelsklauseln. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Conventional clauses"
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McHaffie, M. W. "Giving Warranty: Acts and Actors." In Warranty Obligations in Western France, 1040–1270, 41–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14517-9_4.
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AbstractThis chapter address questions of what was involved in the actual giving of warranty, and who typically made warranty commitments. It starts from the observation that warranty clauses in charters record verbal agreements and promises, and then looks at the various performative acts that accompanied warranty. It argues that these performative acts represent a significant line of continuity from the 1040s into the 1270s, thereby challenging conventional ideas that view warranty as a thirteenth-century phenomenon. The chapter then looks at the types of people who warranted. It demonstrates that warranty was often given by a range of people, including the family members and lord(s) of an alienor. It also discusses when warrantors also sometimes supplied named personal sureties (i.e. people who would share in liabilities). From this I conclude that it is difficult to associate warranty with the development of individual alienatory powers, since warranty was so seldom an individual affair.
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Schneider, Ingrid. "Exclusions and Exceptions to Patent Eligibility Revisited: Examining the Political Functions of the “Discovery” and “Ordre Public” Clauses in the European Patent Convention and the Arenas of Negotiation." In Synbio and Human Health, 145–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9196-0_10.
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Hogg, Tad. "Phase Transitions for Quantum Search Algorithms." In Computational Complexity and Statistical Physics. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195177374.003.0019.
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Phase transitions have long been studied empirically in various combinatorial searches and theoretically in simplified models [91, 264, 301, 490]. The analogy with statistical physics [397], explored throughout this volume, shows how the many local choices made during search relate to global properties such as the resulting search cost. These studies have led to a better understanding of typical search behaviors [514] and improved search methods [195, 247, 261, 432, 433]. Among the current research questions in this field are the range of algorithms exhibiting the transition behavior and the algorithm-independent problem properties associated with the difficult instances concentrated near the transition. Towards this end, the present chapter examines quantum computer [123, 126, 158, 486] algorithms for nondeterministic polynomial (NP) combinatorial search problems [191]. As with many conventional methods, they exhibit the easy-hard-easy pattern of computational cost as the degree of constraint in the problems varies. We describe how properties of the search space affect the algorithms and identify an additional structural property, the energy gap, motivated by one quantum algorithm but applicable to a variety of techniques, both quantum and classical. Thus, the study of quantum search algorithms not only extends the range of algorithms exhibiting phase transitions, but also helps identify underlying structural properties. Specifically, the next two sections describe a class of hard search problems and the form of quantum search algorithms proposed to date. The remainder of the chapter presents algorithm behaviors, relevant problem structure, arid an approximate asymptotic analysis of their cost scaling. The final section discusses various open issues in designing and evaluating quantum algorithms, and relating their behavior to problem structure. The k-satisfiability (k -SAT) problem, as discussed earlier in this volume, consists of n Boolean variables and m clauses. A clause is a logical OR of k variables, each of which may be negated. A solution is an assignment, that is, a value for each variable, TRUE or FALSE, satisfying all the clauses. An assignment is said to conflict with any clause it does not satisfy.
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Hazel, Fox, and Webb Philippa. "Part II The Sources of the Law of State Immunity, 9 The 2004 UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Property: General Aspects." In The Law of State Immunity. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198744412.003.0010.
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This chapter provides a general description of UNCSI, the travaux préparatoires relating to the work of the International Law Commission (ILC) and the discussions in the UN General Assembly (UNGA) Sixth (Legal) Committee, and the exclusions, omissions, final clauses, as follows: the legislative history, which covers the ILC's work and its consideration in the UN; the status of the Convention; the Convention's relation to other international conventions; interpretation of the Convention; the structure of the Convention; the general rule of immunity in the Convention; the exclusions and matters omitted from the Convention; a general assessment of the Convention; and its implementation by States who have ratified the Convention.
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"Final Clauses." In Hague Securities Convention, 146–58. Brill | Nijhoff, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047416531_009.
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"Key to transcription conventions." In Specificational and Predicative Clauses, XIII—XIV. De Gruyter, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110771992-205.
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"FINAL CLAUSES." In International Trade Law Statutes and Conventions 2008-2009, 506–15. Routledge-Cavendish, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843145431-34.
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Pénet, Pierre, and Juan Flores Zendejas. "Rethinking Sovereign Debt from Colonial Empires to Hegemony." In Sovereign Debt Diplomacies, 15–46. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866350.003.0002.
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This descriptive chapter identifies the available narratives on the evolution of sovereign debt across the four historical clusters we have chosen to examine and show how this volume updates and complements existing research. Consistent with the diplomatic framework outlined in the introduction, we survey patterns of similarities and differences between clusters in terms of risk analysis, legal clauses, bargaining power, and conceptions of state responsibility. Our periodization will not surprise the reader inasmuch it broadly conforms to the conventional reading that the Great Depression and the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971 were two critical junctures that deeply altered the form of creditor–debtor interactions in the sovereign sector. Yet, as we show below, this volume also makes substantial amendments to this conventional story. First, our focus on colonial history from the nineteenth-century building of empires to postcolonial transitions allows to diversify and identify discrepancies in the available narratives on each periods. Second, our attention to colonialism leads us to pay sustained attention to debt disputes arising during the postcolonial transitions of the 1960s–70s, a cluster of defaults which has not received sufficient scholarly attention. As explained below, our proposal to jointly analyse the historical threads of sovereign debt and colonialism allows for revisiting certain well-known cases of debt disputes and to examine previously unknown or little known events. The last section of this chapter presents the general organization of the volume as well as the list of selected case studies.
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"List of glossing conventions." In Jarai Clauses and Noun Phrases, xiv. De Gruyter Mouton, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781614516804.xiv.
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"Article 15. (Final Clause)." In The Slavery Conventions, 736–40. Brill | Nijhoff, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004158610.1-841.116.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Conventional clauses"
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Haseli, Yousef. "An Easier Approach to Introduce Entropy in Undergraduate Thermodynamics Classes." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86510.
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The common tutorial method of teaching entropy is far twisted and complicated. The convention is to first present Carnot corollaries followed by a “rational argument” to justify the corollaries. In the next step, the efficiency of Carnot engine is argued to be solely dependent on the thermal reservoirs temperatures. Then, thermodynamic temperature scale is introduced to show QL/QH equals TL/TH followed by the Clausius inequality, and finally introducing entropy S. It is not surprising why entropy has been one of the most difficult concepts to teach or learn. The way it is taught in textbooks is not straight unlike many other properties and concepts that are comparably much less cumbersome to understand. Interesting to note is that the inventor of entropy; Clausius, derived the famous Carnot efficiency by simply using the p-V diagram of a Carnot cycle operating with an ideal gas. The objective of this article is to shed light to the original method of Clausius and to present a simple and easy-to-digest approach, so students can better understand where entropy is originated from. Furthermore, we will show that the proof of Carnot corollaries is not concrete and certain objections can be raised.
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Lidonnici, Fernando, and Corrado Delle Site. "European Design Rules for Tubesheets." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45817.
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Tubesheets are usually designed according to different national or international design codes. The great majority of these standards is based on Gardner’s theory, elaborated more than 60 years ago. On the other hand these pressure components are critical in heat exchanger design, because they are subject to characteristic service damages which require a correct dimensioning and appropriate inspections during service. This paper is aimed at comparing the different design methods, analyzing the theoretical background behind the rules. Main focus is made to the alternative design method contained in Annex J of the European Standard EN13445-3. With reference to the typical configuration of a fixed tubesheet exchanger with flanged connections, the results of the different design approaches are compared in order to find out the optimal configuration. Benchmark examples are carried out using a commercial computer code with reference to heat exchangers with the tubesheets welded to the shell and bolted to the channel. The results show the advantage of using Annex J which allows smaller thicknesses of the tubesheet in respect of the conventional approach used by TEMA, ASME Section VIII and EN 13445-3 clause 13.
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Rautenberg, M., M. Malobabic, A. Mobarak, and M. Abdel Kader. "Design and Testing of a 10KW Steam Turbine for Steam Turbochargers." In ASME 1985 Beijing International Gas Turbine Symposium and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-igt-113.
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A Clausius-Rankine-cycle has been proposed to recover waste heat from a piston engine. This waste heat is then used to supercharge the cylinders by means of a steam turbocharger. The advantage of using this steam turbocharger system is to avoid the losses due to the engine back pressure which accompany the use of the conventional exhaust gas turbocharger. The mass flow rate of turbines for steam turbochargers in the range from 1 to 10 kW is about 0.03 to 0.08 kg/s. This implies a special turbine design, characterised by partial admission and supersonic flow, which unfortunately leads to low turbine efficiencies. A small Pelton turbine for steam has been designed and produced. The turbine is connected to the radial compressor of a conventional exhaust gas turbocharger which works, in this case, as a brake to dissipate the generated turbine power. A special test rig has been built to carry out the experimental investigations on the proposed Pelton turbine. The test rig is supplied with superheated steam from the University’s power plant. Two different rotors for this Pelton turbine have been tested under the same operating conditions (rotor 2 see Fig. 1). Some experimental test results of a special Pelton turbine are presented and discussed in this report.
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Chandiramani, Dipak K., Shyam Gopalakrishnan, and Ameya Mathkar. "A Study of Stresses in Cylindrical Shells Having Tapped Holes Parallel to the Axis of the Cylinder." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63612.
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Clause UG-27 of ASME Section VIII Division 1 [1] provides rules for calculating the thickness of shells under internal pressure. Mandatory Appendix-2 of Code [1] provides rules for design of bolted flanged connections. In certain high pressure and high thickness pressure vessels having a cylindrical shell with bolted cover flange, Manufacturers avoid a separate end flange welded to the shell, as the construction becomes bulky. Instead of the same, Manufacturers provide tapped holes in shell wall parallel to axis of the cylindrical shell. The cover is directly bolted to these tapped holes provided in the shell. This type of construction may be economical as compared to welding a conventional flange to the end of the shell. However this type of construction is not covered in the Code [1]. When such tapped holes are provided in the cylindrical shell, generally the total metal thickness provided at the tapped hole location meets UG-27 requirement of the Code [1]. However due to the tapped holes, the thickness from inside surface of vessel to inside surface of tapped hole is less than the required thickness of UG-27. It is therefore required to analyze the stresses due to these tapped holes in the shell thickness to ensure that Code [1] allowable stresses are not exceeded. The work reported in this paper was undertaken to determine the effect of internal pressure on the stresses in a cylindrical shell having tapped holes parallel to axis of the cylindrical shell.
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Nudurupati, Sai Chaitanya, Pushpendra Singh, and Nadine Aubry. "Effect of Frequency and Electrode Configuration on Yeast Cells Subjected to Traveling Electric Fields." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98448.
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There is great interest in trapping and manipulating small sized particles such as biological, glass, polymer and carbonaceous particles suspended in a liquid. One way to trap such micro/nano sized particles is by means of a microfluidic chamber equipped with electrodes at the bottom and thus generating conventional dielectrophoresis based on an electric field of spatially varying magnitude. In this work, we explore the use of traveling wave dielectrophoresis induced by an electric field of spatially varying phase, which offers both particle capturing/separation and transport capabilities (without having to pump the fluid itself). Particles are subjected to electrostatic and hydrodynamic forces and torques that are computed solving the full equations of motion for both the fluid and the particles without any modeling (from first principles) and using a finite element scheme based on the Distributed Lagrange Multiplier (DLM) method. We consider two typical microfluidic channels (MEMS devices) with electrodes embedded in the bottom wall. It is found that the motion and destination of the particles strongly depend on the frequency dependent complex Clausius-Mossotti factor (the mismatch between the particles and fluid electric properties), and that the hydrodynamic and electrostatic particle-particle interactions play a crucial role on the particles dynamics. These conclusions are demonstrated on model particles having the properties of yeast cells.
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Chandiramani, Dipak K., and Suresh K. Nawandar. "Assessment of Weep Holes in Cylindrical Shell Based on Elastic-Plastic Stress Analysis Method." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28075.
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In urea plant equipment, particularly those operating in the synthesis cycle, anti-corrosive liner plates are usually applied to the pressure retaining carbon steel vessel walls. Even with the correct material selection, controlled fabrication methods and maintenance, the risk of highly corrosive urea-carbamate solution leaking through these liners always exists in these equipment which might eventually damage the carbon steel walls. Existing designs of these equipment utilizes “weep holes” to reveal such leakages. Various designs exist, but in general these weep holes are 15–20mm dia. plain openings in the vessel walls connecting the space between the liner and the vessel wall to the outside atmosphere or the leak-detect apparatus. These equipment operate at high pressures and temperatures and therefore ASME Section VIII Division 2 is normally the preferred design and construction Code. This Code, earlier to the publication of its Edition 2007, had provisions in it to exempt openings not exceeding certain diameters, from any reinforcement calculations. Traditionally, equipment designers have been applying this clause to seek the exemption of these weep holes from any further calculations. However, starting with Edition 2007, this Code did away with such exemptions and has made it mandatory to assess openings of all sizes, particularly if they are in the monobloc vessels. Weep holes are no exception. This paper discusses how the assessment of these weep holes in cylindrical shells can be carried out by applying the “Elastic-Plastic Stress Analysis Method” stipulated in Para. 5.2.4 & 5.3.3 of the ASME Section VIII Division 2 Code. This paper also provides the basis for recommending this method. In the application of this method, the subject is approached as a “shell with opening” and not as conventional “nozzle opening in the shell”.
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Alhazmi, Waleed, and Maher Alabdullatif. "Smart SRUs Pre-Investment Utilizing Oxygen Enrichment Technology." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204756-ms.
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Abstract This paper presents an unparalleled engineering assessment conducted to evaluate the feasibility of pre-investing in O2 enrichment technology, with the purpose of increasing the processing capacities of conventional air-based sulfur recovery units (SRUs). Ultimately, the goal is to minimize the overall number of required SRUs for a greenfield gas plant and, consequently, capture a significant cost-avoidance opportunity. The technology review revealed that a high-level O2 enrichment can double the processing capacity of air-based SRU, depending on the H2S content in acid gas. As H2S mole fraction in feed increases, the debottlenecking capability increases. For the project under assessment, the processing capacity of air-based SRUs showed a maximum increase of 80%. On the contrary, operating with high O2 levels, will elevate SRU reaction furnace temperature, and mandates installing high-intensity burners, along with special control and ESD functions, to manage potential risk and ensure safe operation. Additionally, the liquid handling section of SRUs (condensers, collection vessels, degassing vessels, sulfur storage tanks) should be enlarged to accommodate more sulfur production. Typically, the enriched oxygen can be supplied from air separation units (ASUs), which entails significant capital cost. Apart from these special design considerations, there are several advantages for adopting this technology. Oxygen enrichment removes significant nitrogen volumes, which reduces loads on Claus, tail gas treatment, and thermal oxidizer units. Hence, lower capital cost for new plants is acquired due to equipment size reduction. In addition, higher HP steam production and less fuel gas consumption are achieved. Conventionally, O2 enrichment technology is employed in the initial design stage or used to retrofit operating SRUs facilities. However, it is unique to consider O2 enrichment-design requirements as part of new air-based SRUs design for phased program development. The objective is to enable smooth transition to fully O2 enrichment operated SRUs at a later phase of the project without the need for any design modification. This exceptional pre-investment strategy has resulted into reducing the required number of SRUs at phase II from eight to five units; and accordingly, a significant cost avoidance was captured.
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Ziaja, Karl, Pascal Post, Andreas Schramm, Ole Willers, Joerg R. Seume, and Francesca di Mare. "Numerical Investigation of Loss Mechanisms in a Partially Loaded Supersonic ORC Axial Turbine Stage." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82852.
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Abstract Industrial processes, small-scale power plants or internal combustion engines produce a high amount of waste heat as a by-product. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology allows to recover that heat more efficiently compared to steam/water in conventional Clausius-Rankine cycles. For a comparably efficient and economical operation over a wide range of operating conditions, partial admission control appears to be a well-suited design option for ORC turbines. However, accurate numerical performance prediction of a partial admitted turbine stage is challenging and requires full annulus CFD computations of the partial admitted turbine stage. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of the internal flow and aerodynamic loss mechanisms in a supersonic, axial single stage impulse 18.3 kW ORC turbine operating with an ethanol/water gas-mixture as working fluid at a partial admission ratio of 40 % based on steady-state CFD computations is presented. A comparison of numerical and experimental results for a partial admission ratio of 20 % and 40 % shows, that for a partial admission ratio of 40 % efficiency predictions based on steady-state simulations are within the measurement uncertainty. To extract and quantify the magnitude of the occurring loss mechanisms, the entropy generation rate is analysed. The results show an entropy generation between the rotor blades and the closed stator passages, which has a significant influence on the turbine performance and leads to a reduction of efficiency of about 2 to 4.5 ppt. This was found to be related to a strong jet induced in the narrow gaps between the rotor leading edges and the trailing edges of the closed stator passages, which mixes with the stagnant flow in the following nozzle sections.
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Bartl, K., H. Lill, and A. Dessauer. "APPLICATION OF THE ROUTINE PHOTOMETRIC COAGULATION ASSAYS PT, APTT AND FIBRINOGEN TO A CENTRIFUGAL ANALYZER." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643257.
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The vast majority of coagulation tests in the routine laboratory are the global assays PT, APTT and the single factor determination of fibrinogen. We developed a convenient ilystem consisting of these photometric assays and the Cobas® Bio equipped with an external calculator. By use of this system all three determinations are possible from the same sample cup. For a profile of all 3 parameters, a sample through-put of about 60 per hours is possible. For PT and APTT determinations, the photometric assays on basis of chromogenic substrates are used. The time is measured, until defined amounts of p-nitroani1ine are split off from the substrate by the thrombin formed. Fibrinogen is measured in a kinetic turbidimetric reaction during fibrin formation by batroxobin. The performance data are as follows: The coefficients of variation for the PT assay (25 μl of sample and 225 μl of reagent) are 0.5-1 % (X = 31,9 sec or 115,0 sec respectively, n = 20). The normal range is 70-120 %, the therapeutic range 12-27 %. The assay is extremely sensitive for the factors VII, V, X and II. It is both suited for the control of oral anticoagulant therapy and the screening of factor deficiencies. The CV values for the APTT assay (20 μl of sample, 200 μl of reagent and 20 μl of starting reagent) are 0,5-1,3 % for normal plasma samples. The normal value ranges from 36-58 sec. Plasma with 0.3 USP units heparin/ml yields 80 sec (ratio = 1,6). Factor VIII and IX levels of 50 % prolong the APTT ratio for about 1,3 or 1,2 respectively. The data of the clinical evaluation proved the assay suitable for the control of the heparin therapy and the screening of the endogeneous coagulation system. The fibrinogen assay (20 μl of undiluted sample and 300 μl of reagent) shows a linear relationship between measuring signal and concentration from 50-800 mg/dl. The correlation with the functional clotting assay to Clauss is rather good (r = 0,98). There is only a slight interference due to fibrin(ogen) degradation products compared to the clotting test. The performance data and the clinical data make the system Cobas® Bio and the sensitive photometric assays an interesting alternative to the conventional clotting tests in the routine laboratory.
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Uya, Yifan. "Collaborative Vibration: The Mythic Journey of A Coal Boy." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.119.
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Acknowledging the Anthropocene crisis, my research examines myth and myth-making to reimagine the role of Claude Lévi-Strauss’ bricoleur concept. Following Joseph M. Coll’s Taoist and Buddhist systemic thinking inspired theory of sustainable transformation, the practice-led project evolves into the making of an essayist film that conveys a specific personal myth.My research reckons that a bricoleur should perceive myth-making as an organic growing organisation that acquires intuition and posteriori knowledge. And focus on a narrative that evolves into the mythic identity of a piece of coal and a bar-tailed godwit corresponding to designated oppositional values and semiotic assets. Apart from the practitioner works of Stan Brakhage, Chris Marker and Adam Curtis, my research also dives into Elysia Crampton Chuquimia, Howie Lee and Yaksha‘s musical languages to explore the other narrative possibilities when re-examining history in a socially conscious manner. As the film soundtrack is also part of the myth-making production. My practice-led project inevitably evolves into the subject of the self as the production presents a negotiation through metaphors and signifiers concerning memory, history and experience. The filmmaking echoes a search for the wisdom of self-acceptance. It adopts Stephen Yablo’s understanding of conceivability to generate and regenerate meaningful assets. Concepts are planted to grow into newer representations compromising posteriori knowledge and self-realisations, with informal syllogistic reasoning concerning the epistemological nature of imagination and the transformative structure of myth. The contextual knowledge of my research examines the subject of myth and myth-making through Jacques Lacan's theory of fantasy, Jungian analytical psychology and Claude Lévi-Strauss knowledge of structural linguistics. It adopts Lévi-Strauss’ canonical myth formula concerning the missing discussion of experience, community, and the wilder contexts of shamanology. Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological body and Martin Heidegger's thoughts on the philosophy of technology concerning the body-to-technology relation and the notion of symbolic light and darkness. With critics on the instrumentalist stance of technology and Rene Descartes's modal metaphysics concerning Arnold Gehlen’s conservative alert of mankind’s debased condition of modern existence, my research proposes that myth-making is a necessary altruistic form of social technology that can transform experience into wisdom. Acknowledging that will is the priority for behaviour change. The production examines the Dao of myth and myth-making as a specific technological answer to resolve David Attenborough's calling for a global transformation and collaboration in his book A Life of Our Planet. To further develop such a technology, my research seeks a systemic understanding of myth and myth-making. Therefore, my research hypothesis a wholistic and heuristic methodology, namely Daoist bricoleur. By experiencing a personal myth, I celebrate my Manchu and Chinese culture origin and the complexity of my upbringing. My research visits the endangered Manchu Ulabun storytelling tradition and reckons the film production rely on the structural establishment of critical mythic fragments founded on autobiography and social conventions. As a permanent resident of New Zealand born in a coal-mining town in eastern Inner Mongolia, China, with an unverifiable ancestral clan name related to Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty and much more.