Relevant bibliographies by topics / Conventional and optical dilatometry

Academic literature on the topic 'Conventional and optical dilatometry'

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Published: 10 September 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Conventional and optical dilatometry"

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Milkereit, Benjamin, Michael Reich, and Olaf Kessler. "Detection of Quench Induced Precipitation in Al Alloys by Dilatometry." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.147.

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Quenching is a critical step during the strengthening age hardening of Aluminium alloys. To obtain optimal technological results, parts should be quenched with the upper critical cooling rate. The precipitation behaviour of Al alloys during cooling from solution annealing and thereby the critical cooling rates are typically investigated by in-situ measurements with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Conventional DSCs are limited at cooling rates below 10 Ks-1. Unfortunately, medium to high strength Al alloys typically have critical cooling rates between 10 and some 100 Ks-1. Recently it was shown that dilatometry is generally able for in-situ detection of precipitation in Al alloys. Dilatometry allows controlled cooling up to some 100 Ks-1 and therefore covers the cooling rate range relevant. In this work, we aim to show up and discuss possibilities and limitations of dilatometric detection of quench induced precipitates in 2xxx, and 7xxx Al alloys. The basic method will be presented and results will be compared with DSC work.
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Morais, Alline Sardinha Cordeiro, Thaís Cristina da Costa Caldas, Sérgio Neves Monteiro, and Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira. "Characterization of Fluorescent Lamp Glass Waste Powders." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1579.

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Industrialized component wastes, regularly discarded by the society, are increasingly contributing to the environmental pollution. The glass of these lamps is contaminated with mercury, which a serious hazard due to conventional recycling by melting with other glasses. A possible solution could be its incorporation into a clay body to fabricate common fired ceramics such as bricks and tiles. The objective of this work is to characterize a type of glass to be incorporated into a clayey ceramic. The glass analyzed was obtained from fluorescent lamps, which was passed through mercury decontamination process and ground into powder. This glass powder was tested for X-ray fluorescence, DTA/DTG, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and optical dilatometry. The results showed that the glass presents sintering and softening points around 650 °C and 800 °C, respectively. The chemical analysis indicated the presence of impurities in considerable amounts in the composition of the fluorescent lamp glass waste.
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Raghavendran, R., Anil Meena, and Murugaiyan Amirthalingam. "Microstructure Evolution during Strain-Induced Transformation of Austenite in an Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI)." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 1199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.1199.

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Microstructural evolution during the strain-induced phase transformation of austenite in an Austempered ductile iron (ADI) under various thermomechanical processing conditions is studied in the present study. An alloyed ductile iron is taken as the base material, and thermomechanical treatment is carried out on a Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical simulator coupled with dilatometry. The effect of deformation on the austempering process has been studied by microstructure characterization using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The variations in retained austenite volume fraction and its carbon content with respect to different austempering times are analyzed to study the effect of strain-induced transformation of austenite. It has been observed that the thermomechanical treatment significantly influences the phase transformation kinetics during the austempering process. The thermomechanical treatment produced a martensite free ausferritic microstructure for all austempering times with a high volume fraction of carbon enriched retained austenite as compared to the conventional heat treatment.
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Waetzig, Katja, Christian Heubner, and Mihails Kusnezoff. "Reduced Sintering Temperatures of Li+ Conductive Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 Ceramics." Crystals 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2020): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10050408.

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All-solid-state batteries (ASSB) are considered promising candidates for future energy storage and advanced electric mobility. When compared to conventional Li-ion batteries, the substitution of Li-ion conductive, flammable liquids by a solid electrolyte and the application of Li-metal anodes substantially increase safety and energy density. The solid electrolyte Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) provides high Li-ion conductivity of about 10−3 S/cm and is considered a highly promising candidate for both the solid electrolyte-separator and the ionically conductive part of the all-solid state composite cathode, consisting of the cathode material, the solid electrolyte, and an electron conductor. Co-sintering of the composite cathode is a sophisticated challenge, because temperatures above 1000 °C are typically required to achieve the maximum ionic conductivity of LATP but provoke reactions with the cathode material, inhibiting proper electrochemical functioning in the ASSB. In the present study, the application of sintering aids with different melting points and their impact on the sinterability and the conductivity of LATP were investigated by means of optical dilatometry and impedance spectroscopy. The microstructure of the samples was analyzed by SEM. The results indicate that the sintering temperature can be reduced below 800 °C while maintaining high ionic conductivity of up to 3.6 × 10−4 S/cm. These insights can be considered a crucial step forward towards enable LATP-based composite cathodes for future ASSB.
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Moyassari, Erfan, Thomas Roth, Simon Kücher, Chia-Chin Chang, Shang-Chieh Hou, Franz B. Spingler, and Andreas Jossen. "The Role of Silicon in Silicon-Graphite Composite Electrodes Regarding Specific Capacity, Cycle Stability, and Expansion." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 010504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac4545.

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One promising way of compensating for the repeated volume expansion and contraction of silicon as an anode active material in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is to embed silicon within a graphite matrix. Silicon-graphite (SiG) composites combine the advantageous properties of graphite, i.e., large electrical conductivity and high structural stability, with the advantageous properties of silicon, i.e., high theoretical capacity. Graphite has a much lower volume expansion upon lithiation (≈ 10%) than pure silicon (≈ 300%) and provides a mechanically stable matrix. Herein, we present an investigation into the electrochemical performance and thickness change behavior of porous SiG anode compositions with silicon contents ranging from 0 wt% to 20 wt%. The electrode composites were studied using two methods: in situ dilatometry for the thickness change investigation and conventional coin cells for the assessment of electrochemical performance. The measurements show that the initial thickness change of SiG electrodes increased significantly with the silicon content, but it leveled off during cycling for all compositions. There appears to be a correlation between silicon content and capacity loss, but no clear correlation between thickness change and capacity loss rate was found.
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Elisa, Mihail, Stefan-Marian Iordache, Ana-Maria Iordache, Constantina Raluca Stefan, Ileana Cristina Vasiliu, Daniel Cristea, Doru Ursutiu, et al. "Investigations Regarding the Addition of ZnO and Li2O-TiO2 to Phosphate-Tellurite Glasses: Structural, Chemical, and Mechanical Properties." Materials 15, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051644.

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Phosphate and tellurite glasses can be used in optics, optoelectronics, magneto-optics, and nuclear and medical fields. Two series of phosphate-tellurite glasses, (50-x)ZnO-10Al2O3-40P2O5-xTeO2 and (40-x)Li2O-10Al2O3-5TiO2-45P2O5-xTeO2 (x = 5, 10), were synthesized by a non-conventional wet-route, and the mechanical properties as key performance measures for their application in optoelectronics were investigated. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed the vitreous nature of the investigated materials. Instrumented indentation tests allowed the calculation of hardness (H) and Young’s modulus (E) using the Oliver and Pharr model. The influence of increasing the TeO2 content, as well as the substitution of ZnO by Li2O-TiO2, on the variation of hardness, Young’s modulus, penetration depth (PD), and fracture toughness (FT) was evaluated in both series. As a general trend, there is a decrease in the hardness and Young’s modulus with increasing penetration depth. The addition of Li2O and TiO2 instead of ZnO leads to improved hardness and elastic modulus values. Regarding the H/E ratio, it was found that the samples with lower TeO2 content should be significantly more crack-resistant compared to the higher TeO2 content samples. The H3/E2 ratio, being lower than 0.01, revealed a poor resistance of these glasses to plastic deformation. At the same time, a decrease of the fracture toughness with increasing TeO2 content was noticed for each glass series. Based on dilatometry measurements, the thermal expansion coefficient as well as the characteristic temperatures of the glasses were measured. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (FESEM-EDX) revealed a uniform distribution of the elements in the bulk samples. The mechanical properties of these vitreous materials are important in relation to their application as magneto-optical Faraday rotators in laser cavities.
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Andrade Centeno, Dany Michell, and Hélio Goldenstein. "Microstructures and Properties of DP 600 Steel Conventionally Treated and Intercritically Annealed from As-Quenched Martensite." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.413.

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In this work a DP 600 Dual Phase steel, conventionally treated in order to obtain 40 to 60% austenite at the intercritical temperatures, called reference sample, was compared to samples from the same steel, initially fully austenitized and quenched to 100% martensitic structure and subsequently intercritically tempered once (one step) or twice, (two steps) at intercritical temperatures so as to obtain the same volume fractions of austenite as the conventional DP steel. The single step heat treatment is QL, quench and lamellarization; the two step heat treatment is called QLT, quench and lamellarization and tempering. Heat treatments were conducted on a quenching dilatometer. Samples were characterized by optical, SEM-FEG, EBSD imagining and X Ray Diffraction. Mechanical properties were evaluated by microhardness and tensile tests on sub-size specimens. The results show that QL samples present a complex microstructure composed of ferrite (carbide free high temperature tempered martensite) and fresh martensite composed of crystallites of the order of 1 to 5 μm, with volume fractions of ferrite and martensite similar to the reference samples. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of retained austenite in all treatment conditions, larger for the reference samples when compared with the QL; EBSD images show the retained austenite finely dispersed between the martensite laths and within the limits of martensite blocks. The tensile strength of the QL has higher values than reference DP 600 steel for the similar martensite volume, with smaller uniform and total elongations.
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Raether, F., R. Springer, and S. Beyer. "Optical dilatometry for the control of microstructure development during sintering." Materials Research Innovations 4, no. 4 (March 2001): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100190000101.

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Karamanov, Alexander, Boris Dzhantov, Mariano Paganelli, and Davide Sighinolfi. "Glass transition temperature and activation energy of sintering by optical dilatometry." Thermochimica Acta 553 (February 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2012.10.006.

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Maisuradze, Mikhail V., Maksim Ryzhkov, and O. Surnaeva. "Phase Transformations in Novel Medium Carbon High Hardenability Steels." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.717.

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Novel steels with high hardenability were proposed to replace the conventional HY-TUF steels for the large parts manufacturing. The chemical composition of the steels under consideration was, mass. %: C – 0.16...0.18; Cr – 2.35...2.55; Mn – 0.67...1.99; Si – 0.76...1.03; Ni – 1.17...2.31; Mo – 0.34...0.47; S. P < 0.025. The dilatometer experiments revealed that during the continuous cooling of the steels with the constant rates 0.1... 30 °C/s only martensite and bainite transformations occurred. for conventional HY-TUF steel ferrite and pearlite formed after cooling with the rates 0.1...0.3 °C/s.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conventional and optical dilatometry"

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Largiller, Grégory. "Maîtrise du frittage de matériaux céramique-métal à gradients de composition et de structure." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0160.

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Les matériaux à gradient de composition et de structure permettent d'associer des propriétés complémentaires dans une pièce donnée. Les cermets (matériaux composite céramique métal) développés par Rio Tinto Alcan seront potentiellement utilisés en tant qu'anodes inertes pour l'électrolyse de l'aluminium. Pour connecter cette pièce à matrice céramique au réseau électrique, ce matériau doit être associé avec un matériau conducteur électrique en une seule opération de frittage. En associant les connaissances issues de la métallurgie des poudres avec une analyse microstructurale, des calculs thermodynamiques et des considérations mécaniques, une gamme de matériaux appelés metcer (composite métal céramique) a été développée. Selon la proportion et composition de la phase métallique initiale de ces metcers, ils peuvent être cofrittés en une seule opération avec un cermet. Nous avons montré que la proportion de phase métallique influençait fortement la tenue mécanique de l'ensemble pendant le frittage ; que la composition des phases oxydes et métalliques permettait de maîtriser les phénomènes de diffusion entre les parties cofrittées pour construire une interface graduelle. Des lois phénoménologiques basées sur la mécanique des milieux continus ont été développées pour modéliser le frittage d'un cermet et d'un metcer. Ces lois ont été introduites dans un logiciel de calcul par éléments finis pour simuler le frittage d'assemblages bicouches et identifier les éventuels points de fragilité de différentes géométries. En comparant ces résultats de simulation numérique à des observations optiques in situ sur des pièces centimétriques, nous avons montré que l'amorçage de fissures proche de l'interface a lieu lorsque les contraintes sont élevées. A basse température, de faibles écarts de déformations entre les couches suffisent à amorcer des fissures lorsque les viscosités des matériaux sont grandes et qu'ils ont un comportement fragile. A haute température, lorsque les écarts de déformation sont grands et les viscosités faibles, les contraintes entre les couches sont relaxées. En utilisant les connaissances acquises à la fois sur la chimie et la mécanique du système, une pièce centimétrique tricouche à gradient exempt de fissure a été réalisée
Graded materials are used to gather complementary physical and/or chemical properties into a single part. Cermet material (ceramic metal composite) developed by Rio Tinto Alcan may be used as inert anode for aluminium electrolysis. To connect these ceramic matrix materials to the current network, we propose to associate them with a conductive material in a single sintering step. Using our knowledge on powder metallurgy with microstructure analysis, thermodynamical and mechanical calculations, a new range of material called metcer (metal ceramic composite) has been developed. According to their metal phase proportion and composition, the metcer materials can be cosintered with cermets in a single sintering step. By modifying the metal phase proportion, we enabled the parts to keep joined during the whole sintering thermal cycle. The composition of oxides and metal phases change the diffusion phenomena and enable one to build a graded interface between the layers. Based on continuum mechanics, constitutive equations have been used to simulate the sintering of a cermet and a metcer. Constitutive equations have been implemented into a finite element software to identify the weak regions of bilayers parts of complex geometry. We compared numerical simulation results with optical observations made during sintering on large scale bilayers. Cracks near the interface occur at low temperature when the strain mismatch between the layers is low and the viscosities of the layers are high. Thus, the materials have a fragile behaviour. At high temperature, when the viscosities are low and the strain mismatch is high, the stresses in the vicinity of the interface are released. Combining our knowledge on the chemistry and interactions between these materials, we developed a trilayer material. This material showed up a graded interface without any crack
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Chrusch, Peter P. "Conventional and differential scanning optical microscopy using higher-order Gaussian-Hermite beam patterns /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10897.

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Khatab, Almontaser bellah Fathy. "Optical properties of nanostructured semiconductors grown by MBE on non-conventional GaAs substrates." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14062/.

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This thesis reports the optical properties of InAlAs QDs and InGaAsN QWs grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) on both the conventional (100) and high Miller index surfaces. InAlAs QDs on AlGaAs matrix are grown by MBE on the conventional (100) and non-(100) GaAs substrates using different growth conditions, namely, growth temperature, different confinement barriers, and amount of deposited material. PL measurements revealed differences in the optical properties that are caused by substrate orientation effects. The PL emission energies of QDs grown on high Miller index surfaces such as (311)A and (311)B are found to be strongly dependent on the atomic terminated surface [A (Ga face) or B (As face)] of the substrate. The QDs grown on (311)B plane show superior optical properties over QDs grown on (311)A and (100) planes. The optimum structure to achieve the highest optical efficiency of QDs emitting in the visible red part of electromagnetic spectrum ( ̴ 666 nm) consisted of 4.4MLs Al0.35In0.65As/Al0.45Ga0.55As QDs grown on (311)B plane at a growth temperature of 550 0C. In addition, a further investigation was carried out to study the effect of post-growth thermal annealing on the optical properties of InAlAs QDs grown on (100), (311)A, and (311)B planes. A noticeable enhancement of the PL intensity at 10 K for all planes was observed by increasing the annealing temperature up to 700 0C. Thermal annealing of (311)A InAlAs/GaAlAs QDs resulted in a negligible blue shift, while a large blue shift was observed from (311)B and (100) QDs. This is explained by the smaller size of QDs, smaller strain, and lower In segregation from (311)A GaAs orientation. PL and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) have been used to investigate the optical and structural properties, respectively, of In0.36Ga0.64As1-yNy/GaAs double quantum wells (QWs) grown both on the conventional (100) and non-(100) GaAs substrates. These include In0.36Ga0.64As1-yNy/GaAs QWs with three different compositions of nitrogen, namely, 0%, 1%, and 2%. QWs grown on (311)A GaAs plane show higher nitrogen incorporation over all the other planes. TEM measurements show that (311)B QWs have inferior structural properties than QWs grown on (311)A and (100). TEM images demonstrated that the (311)B QWs interfaces are undulated and not uniform. In contrast QWs grown on (311)A and (100) display very uniform and very flat interfaces. The effect of thermal annealing on the optical properties of In0.36Ga0.64As1-yNy/GaAs double QWs grown on different planes was investigated for two sets of samples having 0% and 1% nitrogen. It was found that annealing at 700 0C for 30 seconds is the optimum annealing temperature which improves the PL efficiency for all QWs. The PL enhancement is larger in samples with 1% nitrogen than 0%.
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Johnson, Bridget Lynn. "A model for automatic optical scanning of type designs for conventional and digital technology /." Online version of thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10147.

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Patel, Ketaki Animesh. "Multiplexing high speed quantum key distribution with conventional data on a single optical fibre." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708533.

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García, Cámara Braulio. "Sobre la difusión de la luz por nanopartículas con propiedades ópticas convencionales y no convencionales = On light scattering by nanoparticles with conventional and non-conventional optical properties." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10643.

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Inspirados por las investigaciones realizadas en los campos de la plasmónica y los metamateriales, en este trabajo hemos estudiado la difusión de la luz por pequeñas partículas (nanopartículas en el rango del visible) con propiedades ópticas arbitraria, tanto convencionales (dieléctricas como metálicas) como no convencionales (con permeabilidad magnética distinta de 1). El trabajo está principalmente enfocado en controlar la propiedades (principalmente la dirección) de la luz difundida por una partícula mediante la manipulación de sus constantes ópticas. Las principales aplicaciones de este estudio se pueden concentrar en los campos de los biosensores y/o de las comunicaciones ópticas. Es por esto que hemos considerado tanto partículas aisladas como sistemas de partículas(dímeros principalmente).
Inspired by the last researches on plasmonics and metamaterials, this work is devoted to the study of light scattering by small particles (nanoparticles in the visible range) with arbitrary optical properties, both conventional and non-conventional. We focused the analysis on the control of the directionality of light scattering by tunning the optical constants of the scatterer. This could be interesting for the design of futuristic optical communications and/or for the generation of improved biosensores. For this reason, isolated particles and also clusters of them (mainly dimers) were considered.
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Clifford, Dustin M. "Non-Conventional Approaches to Syntheses of Ferromagnetic Nanomaterials." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4205.

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The work of this dissertation is centered on two non-conventional synthetic approaches to ferromagnetic nanomaterials: high-throughput experimentation (HTE) (polyol process) and continuous flow (CF) synthesis (aqueous reduction and the polyol process). HTE was performed to investigate phase control between FexCo1-x and Co3-xFexOy. Exploration of synthesis limitations based on magnetic properties was achieved by reproducing Ms=210 emu/g. Morphological control of FexCo1-x alloy was achieved by formation of linear chains using an Hext. The final study of the FexCo1-x chains used DoE to determine factors to control FexCo1-x, diameter, crystallite size and morphology. [Ag] with [Metal] provide statistically significant control of crystallite size. [OH]/[Metal] predict 100 % FexCo1-x at > 30. To conclude section 1, a morphological study was performed on synthesis of Co3-xFexOy using the polyol process. Co3-xFexOy micropillars were synthesized at various sizes. The close proximity of the particles in the nanostructure produced an optical anisotropy and was magnetically induced which is evidence for the magneto-birefringence effect. The second non-conventional synthetic approach involves continuous flow (CF) chemistry. Co nanoparticles (Ms=125 emu/g) were newly synthesized by aqueous reduction in a microreactor and had 30 ±10 nm diameter and were produced at >1g/hr, a marker of industrial-scale up viability. The final work was the CF synthesis of FexCo1-x. The FexCo1-x was synthesized with limitation to the composition. The maximum FexCo1-x phase composition at 20 % resulted from the aqueous carrier solvent triggering oxide formation over FexCo1-x.
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Schuldt, Thilo. "An optical readout for the LISA gravitational reference sensor." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16241.

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Der weltraumgestützte Gravitationswellendetektor LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) besteht aus drei identischen Satelliten an Bord derer sich jeweils zwei frei schwebende Testmassen befinden. Die Lage der einzelnen Testmassen in Bezug auf die zugehörige optische Bank muss mit einer Genauigkeit besser 1 pm/sqrt(Hz) in der Abstands- und besser 10 nrad/sqrt(Hz) in der Winkelmessung erfolgen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein kompaktes optisches Auslesesystem präsentiert, welches als Prototyp für diese Abstands- und Winkelmetrologie dient. Das dafür entwickelte polarisierende Heterodyn-Interferometer mit räumlich getrennten Frequenzen basiert auf einem hoch-symmetrischen Design, bei dem zur optimalen Gleichtakt-Unterdrückung Mess- und Referenzarm die gleiche Polarisation und Frequenz sowie annähernd gleiche optische Pfade haben. Für die Winkelmessung wird die Methode der differentiellen Wellenfrontmessung eingesetzt. In einem ersten Prototyp-Aufbau wird ein Rauschniveau von weniger als 100 pm/sqrt(Hz) in der Translations- und von weniger als 100 nrad/sqrt(Hz) in der Winkelmessung (beides für Frequenzen oberhalb 0.1 Hz) demonstriert. In einem zweiten Prototyp-Aufbau werden zusätzlich eine Intensitätsstabilisierung und ein Phasenlock der beiden Frequenzen implementiert. Die analoge Phasenmessung ist durch eine digitale, FPGA basierte, ersetzt. Mit diesem Aufbau wird ein Rauschen kleiner 5 pm/sqrt(Hz) in der Translationsmessung und kleiner 10 nrad/sqrt(Hz) in der Winkelmessung, beides für Frequenzen größer 0.01 Hz, erreicht. Eine Rausch-Analyse wurde durchgeführt und die Nichtlinearitäten des Interferometers bestimmt. Das Interferometer wurde im Hinblick auf die LISA Mission entwickelt, findet seine Anwendung aber auch bei der Charakterisierung der dimensionalen Stabilität von ultra-stabilen Materialien sowie in der optischen Profilometrie. Die Adaptierung des Interferometers dazu sowie erste Resultate zu beiden Anwendungen werden in dieser Arbeit präsentiert.
The space-based gravitational wave detector LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) consists of three identical satellites. Each satellite accommodates two free-flying proof masses whose distance and tilt with respect to its corresponding optical bench must be measured with at least 1 pm/sqrt(Hz) sensitivity in translation and at least 10 nrad/sqrt(Hz) sensitivity in tilt measurement. In this thesis, a compact optical readout system is presented, which serves as a prototype for the LISA proof mass attitude metrology. We developed a polarizing heterodyne interferometer with spatially separated frequencies. For optimum common mode rejection, it is based on a highly symmetric design, where measurement and reference beam have the same frequency and polarization, and similar optical pathlengths. The method of differential wavefront sensing (DWS) is utilized for the tilt measurement. In a first prototype setup noise levels below 100 pm/sqrt(Hz) in translation and below 100 nrad/sqrt(Hz) in tilt measurement (both for frequencies above 0.1 Hz) are achieved. A second prototype was developed with additional intensity stabilization and phaselock of the two heterodyne frequencies. The analog phase measurement is replaced by a digital one, based on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). With this setup, noise levels below 5 pm/sqrt(Hz) in translation measurement and below 10 nrad/sqrt(Hz) in tilt measurement, both for frequencies above 0.01Hz, are demonstrated. A noise analysis was carried out and the nonlinearities of the interferometer were measured. The interferometer was developed for the LISA mission, but it also finds its application in characterizing the dimensional stability of ultra-stable materials such as carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and in optical profilometry. The adaptation of the interferometer and first results in both applications are presented in this work.
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Turkmen, Coskun Aziz. "Calibration Of Conventional Measurement Transformers Against Harmonic Components By Using Field Measurements Of Optical Transducers And Resistive-capacitive Voltage Transformers." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611920/index.pdf.

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It is known from the literature that conventional voltage and current transformers measure inaccurate values for voltage and current harmonics which are parts of power quality. Maximum bandwidth of conventional current transformers, which are used in electricity transmission and distribution systems, is 1.5-2 kHz and it is lower for conventional voltage transformers. Also, it is known that
voltages in some frequency spectrum are measured higher and voltages in another frequency spectrum are measured lower by the conventional voltage transformers. Furthermore, because of the phase shift of fundamental component caused by the conventional current and voltage transformers, losses and efficiency can not be calculated accurately. In this work, through the simultaneous measurements taken at the same feeder by both conventional transformers and new technology measurement transformers
amplitude and phase shift errors which are caused by conventional transformers depending on frequency and so harmonics, are examined and evaluated. Amplitude coefficients and phase shifts are determined for different types of conventional transformers to be able to calibrate measurement deviation. Through this work, measured data by conventional transformers will be accurate and realistic in terms of harmonic components. This matter is important to determine whether the accurate limits which will be set in the future possibly concerning with harmonics and interharmonics, are surpassed or not
also for punitive sanction.
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Aziz, Aziz Ghanim Aziz. "The effect of Artificial Aging (LTD) on the mechanical and optical properties of conventional and translucent zirconia for fixed prosthodontics." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20790/.

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In the last two decades, zirconia has been of a great interest to dentists due to its superb mechanical and optical properties. At first, the use of zirconia was limited to fabrication of cores replacing the metal in crown construction. Nowadays, there is an increase in the trend of using monolithic ‘full contour’ translucent zirconia to overcome the problem of chipping of porcelain veneers and to overcome the limitation of using lithium disilicate in long span replacement. This has brought zirconia in direct contact with saliva and oral fluids and introduced the possibility of the material undergoing low temperature degradation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of accelerated hydrothermal aging on the mechanical and optical properties of two conventional core and two full contour translucent zirconia materials, expected to be used by 90% of zirconia manufacturers globally. Hydrothermal aging was carried out using an autoclave to simulate in vivo aging, using a specific protocol proposed by ISO 13356:2015 mimicking 15- 20 years of clinical service of the material. Each of the four materials were tested before and after aging, including structural analysis which was carried out using XRD, SEM, FIB-SEM and AFM. Mechanical property investigations were carried out by measuring BFS and Vickers hardness. Optical properties were thoroughly investigated through measuring a range of translucency parameters and changes in colour before and after aging. The results of this study showed that conventional core materials were less affected by hydrothermal aging in comparison to full contour translucent zirconia in terms of optical properties. All of the used materials showed clear colour changes after aging, however none of them showed significant changes in the mechanical properties even with more than 20% of t →m phase transformation in one of the translucent zirconia materials. Within the limitation of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that full contour translucent zirconia can be used clinically with no concern about its mechanical and optical properties, however, further studies on the perception and acceptability for changes in the optical properties would be highly recommended.
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Books on the topic "Conventional and optical dilatometry"

1

Townson, Jeremy. Development of a technique and an instrument for acquiring optical sections from two conventional images. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2001.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Potential new sensor for use with conventional gas carburizing: Under contract NAS3-27186. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Potential new sensor for use with conventional gas carburizing: Under contract NAS3-27186. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Conventional and optical dilatometry"

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Kamseu, Elie, Cristina Leonelli, and Dan S. Perera. "Geopolymers Sintering by Optical Dilatometry." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 91–99. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470599730.ch10.

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Bukshtab, Michael. "Conventional Loss-Measurement Techniques." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 289–319. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2165-4_5.

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Bukshtab, Michael. "Conventional Loss-Measurement Techniques." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 285–317. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7745-6_5.

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Ohtsu, Motoichi, and Kiyoshi Kobayashi. "Deadlocks in Conventional Optical Science and Technology." In Optical Near Fields, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09104-3_1.

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Kuch, Wolfgang, Rudolf Schäfer, Peter Fischer, and Franz Ulrich Hillebrecht. "Depth-Sensitive Conventional Magneto-Optical Microscopy." In Springer Series in Surface Sciences, 97–140. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44532-7_3.

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Di Natale, Corrado, Francesca Dini, and Andrea Scozzari. "Non-conventional Electrochemical and Optical Sensor Systems." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 279–311. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2013_254.

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Rank, Manuel, Andre Sigel, Yannick Bauckhage, Sangeetha Suresh-Nair, Mike Dohmen, Christian Eder, Christian Berge, and Andreas Heinrich. "3D Printing of Optics Based on Conventional Printing Technologies." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 45–167. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58960-8_3.

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Herder, Martin, Jan Jasper Klein, Marko Vogler, Maria-Melanie Russew, Arne Schleunitz, and Gabi Grützner. "Hybrid Polymers for Conventional and Additive Manufacturing of Microoptical Elements." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 263–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58960-8_7.

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Smith, Roger M. "Readout Speed Optimization for Conventional CCDs Employing Dual Slope Integration for Double Correlated Sampling." In Optical Detectors for Astronomy, 165–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5262-4_27.

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Chatterjee, Bijoy Chand, Nityananda Sarma, Partha Pratim Sahu, and Eiji Oki. "Limitations of Conventional WDM Optical Networks and Elastic Optical Networks for Possible Solutions." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 101–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46203-5_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Conventional and optical dilatometry"

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Faulhaber, Conor, Shane T. Kosir, Kathleen Gawelek, Randall Boehm, and Joshua S. Heyne. "Optical Dilatometry Measurements for the Quantification of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Materials Compatibility." In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1240.

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Koontz, Erick, Peter Wachtel, and Kathleen A. Richardson. "Compositional dependence of structural relaxation behavior in the Ge-As-Se system characterized by length dilatometry." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.2014.om2c.4.

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Cryderman, Robert, and Finn Bamrud. "Effect of Thermomechanical Rolling of the Induction Hardenability of a Micro-Alloyed 1045 Steel." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021p0125.

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Abstract A micro-alloyed 1045 steel was commercially rolled into 54 mm diameter bars by conventional hot rolling at 1000 °C and by lower temperature thermomechanical rolling at 800 °C. The lower rolling temperature refined the ferrite-pearlite microstructure and influenced the microstructural response to rapid heating at 200 °C·s-1, a rate that is commonly encountered during single shot induction heating for case hardening. Specimens of both materials were rapidly heated to increasing temperatures in a dilatometer to determine the Ac1 and Ac3 transformation temperatures. Microscopy was used to characterize the dissolution of ferrite and cementite. Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams were developed for rapid austenitizing temperatures 25 °C above the Ac3 determined by dilatometry. Dilatometry and microstructure evaluation along with hardness tests showed that thermomechanical rolling reduced the austenite grain size and lowered the heating temperature needed to dissolve the ferrite. With complete austenitization at 25 °C above the Ac3 there was little effect on the CCT behavior.
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Trunov, M. L., A. G. Antchugin, N. D. Savtchenko, and V. M. Rubish. "Laser-interference dilatometry method for the investigation of thin-film structure mechanical stability." In Optical Diagnostics of Materials and Devices for Opto-, Micro-, and Quantum Electronics: International Workshop, edited by Sergei V. Svechnikov and Mikhail Y. Valakh. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.191989.

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Zhou, Wei, and C. A. MacDonald. "Diffraction imaging with conventional sources." In Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Shunji Goto, Ali M. Khounsary, and Christian Morawe. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.795383.

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da Cunha, M. P., T. Beaucage, and L. Matthews. "4H-5 Optical Differential Dilatometry for the Determination of the Coefficients of Thermal Expansion of Single Crystal Solids." In 2006 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2006.209.

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Sternberg, Oren, and Alex Stone. "Alternative imaging to conventional lens." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Stanley Rogers, David P. Casasent, Jean J. Dolne, Thomas J. Karr, and Victor L. Gamiz. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.829688.

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Awwal, Abdul Ahad S., and Achyut K. Dutta. "Optical interconnects in conventional electronic computers." In ITCom 2001: International Symposium on the Convergence of IT and Communications, edited by Achyut K. Dutta, Abdul Ahad S. Awwal, Niloy K. Dutta, and Katsunari Okamoto. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.436038.

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Ristau, Detlev, Tobias Groß, and Marc Lappschies. "Optical broadband monitoring of conventional and ion processes." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.2004.tue1.

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Oga, Toshihiro, Kenji Takahisa, Takashi Matsunaga, and Tatsuo Enami. "Will conventional E95% spectral indicator last forever? (Conference Presentation)." In Optical Microlithography XXX, edited by Andreas Erdmann and Jongwook Kye. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2257955.

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Reports on the topic "Conventional and optical dilatometry"

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Chiu, Wilson K., Jason M. Maguire, and Marilyn J. Berliner. Phase Sensitivity of Conventional Single-Mode, PANDA, and Holey Optical Fibers: A Comparison Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408460.

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Blevins, Matthew, Gregory Lyons, Carl Hart, and Michael White. Optical and acoustical measurement of ballistic noise signatures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39501.

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Supersonic projectiles in air generate acoustical signatures that are fundamentally related to the projectile’s shape, size, and velocity. These characteristics influence various mechanisms involved in the generation, propagation, decay, and coalescence of acoustic waves. To understand the relationships between projectile shape, size, velocity, and the physical mechanisms involved, an experimental effort captured the acoustic field produced by a range of supersonic projectiles using both conventional pressure sensors and a schlieren imaging system. The results of this ongoing project will elucidate those fundamental mechanisms, enabling more sophisticated tools for detection, classification, localization, and tracking. This paper details the experimental setup, data collection, and preliminary analysis of a series of ballistic projectiles, both idealized and currently in use by the U.S. Military.
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CIE 245:2021 Optical Safety of Infrared Eye Trackers Applied for Extended Durations. International Commission on Illumination (CIE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/tr.245.2021.

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Infrared eye trackers are employed to achieve communication through gaze interaction, which is an important application of modern electro-optics and computer technology to the benefit of persons with disabilities who have major motor impairments, as well as for general use as a human-to-computer interaction device. By tracking eye movements of persons with severe motor disabilities, the individuals can interact with automated equipment through movements of their gaze. In addition to purely passive systems, which may only employ ambient lighting, more typical eye trackers employ active infrared eye-tracking techniques. However, questions have arisen with regard to the potential optical radiation hazards of using infrared eye trackers for the much-extended durations of 10 to 12 hours each day for a lifetime. Conventional eye trackers employed in the research setting would rarely be used for more than an hour. Several exposure guidelines exist today, but the question has arisen whether the chronic nature of exposure for such an infrared illuminator for assistive devices falls outside the assumed conditions of daily exposure. This technical report explores the basis of the current human exposure guidelines, their scientific basis and underlying assumptions in order to determine the direct applicability of these guidelines to this application. It is found that the most limiting exposure criterion is the infrared exposure limit to protect against delayed changes in the crystalline lens of the eye. The Technical Committee also examined some representative eye trackers and found that the day-long average exposure in these typical examples of current technology did not exceed that criterion.
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