Journal articles on the topic 'Convention de compromis'
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1
Labelle, François. "Les trois C de la performance sociétale organisationnelle : convention, compromis, cohérence." Gestion 31, no. 2 (2006): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riges.312.0075.
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Samson, Claude. "L'harmonisation du droit de la vente: l'influence de la Convention de Vienne sur l'évolution et l'harmonisation du droit des provinces canadiennes." Harmonisation du droit 32, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 1001–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043111ar.
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La Convention de Vienne sur les contrats de vente internationale de marchandises est le résultat de difficiles compromis de la part de pays appartenant à différentes familles juridiques ; plusieurs de ses dispositions reflètent de tels compromis entre systèmes de droit civil et de common law. Sur le plan interne canadien, retrouve-t-on une telle tendance à l'harmonisation des règles du droit de la vente de marchandises en droit civil et en common law ? Dans quelle mesure ces compromis à l'échelle internationale ont-ils influé sur le projet de Code civil du Québec de même que le Uniform Sale of Goods Act, que la Conférence sur l’uniformisation des lois aproposé aux provinces de common law en vue d'en arriver à l'harmonisation du droit de la vente entre celles-ci ? L'inclusion dans la Convention de Vienne d'une disposition créant une obligation de bonne foi fut en particulier l'occasion de longs débats. Si l'inclusion dans le projet de Code civil du Québec d'une disposition reconnaissant expressément le principe de bonne foi ne soulève pas de controverse, une reconnaissance expresse du principe de bonne foi, dans le Uniform Sale of Goods Act soulève cependant encore de longs débats. L'adhésion du Canada à la Convention des Nations Unies sur les contrats de vente internationale de marchandises contribuera à harmoniser le droit applicable à ce type de transaction. Mais, on ne peut malheureusement pas parler d'harmonisation pour ce qui est des ventes interprovinciales de marchandises au Canada.
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Pinault, Martin. "La réconciliation des irréconciliables : la Convention des Nations Unies sur les lettres de change internationales et les billets à ordre internationaux." Les Cahiers de droit 38, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 503–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043454ar.
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Les disparités entre les différents droits nationaux remettent en question la protection cambiaire traditionnellement reconnue au porteur d'un titre négociable lors de transactions internationales, d'où le besoin d'unifier les différentes lois relatives aux effets de commerce. La présente étude compare les législations de common law et de droit civil relatives aux effets de commerce avec les nouvelles règles proposées par la Convention des Nations Unies sur les lettres de change internationales et les billets à ordre internationaux. L'auteur tente de démontrer que le compromis réalisé par la nouvelle convention est acceptable pour les praticiens de chacun des systèmes et que celle-ci est conforme aux besoins reliés à la pratique du paiement et du financement international.
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David, Pauline. "Scolarisation de la formation professionnelle initiale : approche conventionnelle de la forme scolaire." Raisons éducatives N° 27, no. 1 (September 25, 2023): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/raised.027.0155.
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Dans le système de la formation professionnelle initiale, et en particulier au niveau 3, les enseignants tentent de limiter la place de la « forme scolaire » afin de reconstruire les liens entre les savoirs et les élèves. La plupart de ces derniers éprouvent des difficultés avec cette forme spécifique, qui s’appuie sur la convention académique et sur sa logique de compétition et de classement. Les écoles de production accueillent des élèves préparant des diplômes de niveau 3 ou 4. Ces écoles forment les jeunes à un métier en les faisant travailler et apprendre à partir de commandes réelles. En s’appuyant sur l’étude de cas de deux écoles de production et sur le cadre théorique de la sociologie des conventions, cet article vise à comprendre comment un établissement peut limiter le rôle de la forme scolaire dans son programme de formation. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que pour y parvenir, les établissements doivent faire face à l’hybridation des conventions et bâtir un compromis stable.
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Ancelin, Julien. "Le principe de non-refoulement et l’Union européenne à l’épreuve de la crise syrienne." Études internationales 49, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 355–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1055690ar.
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RésuméLa Convention de 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés demeure, malgré les critiques nourries qui lui sont adressées, le principal instrument contraignant de protection des réfugiés. Le principe de non-refoulement qu’elle renferme y joue un rôle essentiel. L’Union européenne et ses États membres y sont tenus et ne peuvent exciper, notamment, d’une situation économique et sociale difficile pour l’éluder. Malgré cette réalité juridique, les obstacles dressés aux frontières extérieures de l’Union européenne sont nombreux et flirtent souvent avec l’illicéité. Face à ce défi, l’Europe peine à définir une position ambitieuse et oscille entre mesures nationales discriminantes et compromis collectif malheureux.
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Hughes, Valerie, and Laurie Wright. "International Efforts to Secure the Return of Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects: Has Unidroit Found a Global Solution?" Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 32 (1995): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800005786.
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SommaireLa protection internationale des biens culturels a commencé par des efforts visant à limiter l'appropriation illicite des biens cultureh et les dommages qui leur étaient causés en temps de guerre. Le prinàpal exemple de ces efforts est la Convention de La Haye de 1954 pour la protection des biens cultureh en cas de conflit armé. Par la suite, on s'est préoccupé de mettre en place des mesures de répression du trafic illicite et international des biens cultureh, telles que celles prévues dans la Convention de l'UNESCO de içjjo concernant les mesures à prendre pour interdire et empêcher l'importation, l'exportation et le transfert de propriété illiâtes des biens cultureh. Le Canada est partie à cette convention qu'il a intégrée à son droit interne en adoptant la Loi sur l'exportation et l'importation de biens cultureh. Mais comme la plupart des pays dotés d'un important marché de l'art (en particulier ceux de l'Europe de l'Ouest) ne sont pas parties à la convention de l'UNESCO, son utilité est marginale. Unidroit a présenté un projet de convention pour une collaboration internationale visant à assurer la restitution des biens cultureh volés ou illicitement exportés. Le projet de convention, qui sera examiné à l'occasion d'une conférence diplomatique en juin 1995, s'efforce de trouver un équilibre entre les intérêh des pays d'origine des biens cultureh et ceux des pays importateurs, ce qui constituerait le succès le plus important obtenu jusqu 'à maintenant par la communauté internationale dans le domaine de la protection des biens cultureh. Mais cette convention risque de ne pas être adoptée, car les participants ne se sont pas montrés tris disposés à faire des compromis sur des questions fondamentales.
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Duplé, Nicole. "La Cour suprême et le rapatriement de la constitution : la victoire du compromis sur la rigueur." Les Cahiers de droit 22, no. 3-4 (April 12, 2005): 619–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042460ar.
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On September the 28th 1981, the Supreme Court of Canada made public its opinion as to the constitutionaly of the Federal government's plan to repatriate and amend the B.N.A. Act. Modifications affecting provincial powers require, according to convention, the existance of which is recognized by six of the Judges, a certain degree of provincial consensus. The federal projet, contested by eight of the ten provinces, was therefore considered unconstitutional by a majority of the Judges. The Court mentioned furthermore that the federal plan, should it become law, would impinge upon the distribution of powers set forth in the B.N.A. Act. Seven of the nine Judges so deciding declared, on the other hand, that the Senat and House of Commons' resolution pertaining to the plan of repatriation and amendement was perfectly legal and that the British Parliament was, in law, the only authorized body to bring about the changes sought by said plan.
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Martin, Gilles. "Les obligations réelles environnementales au service d’une protection des zones humides." Prologue 62, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 1091–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1084259ar.
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L’obligation réelle environnementale a été introduite en droit français en 2016. Un propriétaire décide de mettre à sa charge, comme à celle de tous les propriétaires successifs du bien pendant la durée de la convention, des obligations de faire ou de ne pas faire. Celles-ci, consenties au bénéfice de personnes publiques ou privées agissant pour la protection de l’environnement, ont pour objet « le maintien, la conservation, la gestion ou la restauration d’éléments de biodiversité ou de fonctions écologiques » (Code de l’environnement, art. L. 132-2 al. 1). L’adoption de cet instrument, inspiré de législations étrangères, s’est heurtée à de nombreuses résistances. Ses potentialités sont pourtant considérables, notamment pour la protection des zones humides. La nature juridique de ce nouvel instrument fait également débat. Quant à son régime juridique, il est le fruit d’un compromis entre l’esprit initial imprégné de souplesse et de liberté contractuelle et les revendications associées aux résistances qui s’étaient exprimées.
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Williams, R. A. "Automotive active suspensions Part 1: Basic principles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526551.
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Automotive suspension design is a compromise brought about by the conflicting demands of ride and handling. The past few years have seen the introduction of increasingly sophisticated, electronically controlled, components into automotive suspensions which redefine the boundaries of the compromise. The paper has been written in two parts. This first part reviews the compromises which are required in the design of a conventional passive suspension. It then goes on to show how those compromises can be changed by the inclusion of active components. The second part discusses the hardware employed which ranges from simple switched dampers, through semi-active dampers, and low bandwidth/soft active suspensions, to high bandwidth/stiff active suspensions. The benefits to be derived from each of the technologies will be assessed, together with their strengths and weaknesses.
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McKenzie, Donna. "The EC Convention on Insolvency Proceedings." European Review of Private Law 4, Issue 3 (September 1, 1996): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/141073.
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After a long gestation period, an EC Bankruptcy Convention has finally been agreed and signed by all the Member States with the exception of the UK which has delayed signing for reasons unconnected with the Convention itself. The present contribution outlines the history of negotiations and the structure and main provisions of the Convention. In particular, it examines the compromise that has been struck between the principles of university and territoriality and the impact of this compromise on issues of jurisdiction, recognition and the powers of liquidators. It also explores the many choice of law problems that may arise in the course of insolvency litigation.
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Muszyńska, Elżbieta, and Elżbieta Tomaszewska-Taton. "Val d’Europe – ville du XXI siècle." Mazowsze Studia Regionalne 2019, no. 30 (October 2019): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21858/msr.30.01.
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Val d’Europe c’est une nouvelle ville réalisée en Région Parisienne, sur la base d’une convention PPP (Partenariat Public-Privé), signée en 1987 entre l’Etat Français et Euro Disney Associés filiale de The Walt Disney Company. La ville prévue initialement pour 60 000 habitants, compte actuellement 35 000 et reste la dernière composante d’une ville linéaire de quarante kilomètres – Marne-La-Vallée, satellite de Paris. La ville a été réalisée initialement en tant qu’une ville « service » du plus grand complexe touristique d’Europe – Euro Disney, accueillant 15 000 000 millions de visiteurs par an, mais progressivement elle est devenue un organisme indépendant et multifonctionnel. Depuis plus de 20 ans Val d’Europe se développe harmonieusement, son territoire est passé de 5 000 à 35 000 habitants et de quelques dizaines d’emplois agricoles à 27 000 emplois diversifiés. La méthodologie du développement de la ville proposée par Euro Disney a épousé les méthodes de travail d’EPA (Etablissement Public d’Aménagement), riche de 50 ans d’expérience dans la réalisation des villes satellitaires autour de Paris. La grande force qui guide les deux équipes réside dans la vision commune de la ville et dans leurs capacités à mettre leurs expériences au service du territoire. L’objectif commun des tous les acteurs publics et privés étant la création d’une ville où la dynamique économique rime avec la qualité de la vie et l’écologie. Dans la recherche de la vision du Val d’Europe, les architectes et les urbanistes ont décidés de s’inspirer de ce que Paris et l’Europe ont fait de mieux dans ces domaines. La ville neuve est composée de quartiers à l’échelle humaine, dont les limites sont fixées par le temps de marche. La communication piéton est la base de la circulation dans la ville, les voitures pour lesquelles les parkings sont prévus dans les sous-sols des bâtiments sont tolérées, mais leur circulation est limitée. La conception et la réalisation de la ville a été conçue par des urbanistes et des architectes américains, luxembourgeois, grecs, italiens et français. Afin d’assurer la qualité des espaces publics et semi-publics, tous les bâtiments ont étaient réalisés suite aux concours promoteurs-architectes. Ce projet urbain d’une indéniable qualité a été réalisé grâce à un art de compromis, où dans l’intérêt général, tous les acteurs ont accepté la réalisation de leurs visions architecturales dans le cadre de la même composition urbaine. Ils ont tout simplement décidé d’agir de concert, comme un orchestre, dans lequel les musiciens interprètent la même partition sur différents instruments.
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Nanda, Ved P. "The Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers: Unfinished Business." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 2, no. 2 (June 1993): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689300200204.
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The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families reflects a compromise between guaranteeing migrants international human rights and acknowledging state sovereignty. Notwithstanding a laudable attempt to provide in the Convention a comprehensive international regime for the protection of the migrant workers, the Convention is not an unmixed blessing. To illustrate, while the Convention creates new rights, it also limits some rights migrant workers already had under existing international human rights instruments. Also, the Convention's terminology and language suffer from ambiguities and are likely to cause uncertainty due to varying interpretations.
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Touch, Sereysethy, and Jean-Noël Colin. "A Comparison of an Adaptive Self-Guarded Honeypot with Conventional Honeypots." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2022): 5224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105224.
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To proactively defend computer systems against cyber-attacks, a honeypot system—purposely designed to be prone to attacks—is commonly used to detect attacks, discover new vulnerabilities, exploits or malware before they actually do real damage to real systems. Its usefulness lies in being able to operate without being identified as a trap by adversaries; otherwise, its values are significantly reduced. A honeypot is commonly classified by the degree of interactions that they provide to the attacker: low, medium and high-interaction honeypots. However, these systems have some shortcomings of their own. First, the low and medium-interaction honeypots can be easily detected due to their limited and simulated functions of a system. Second, the usage of real systems in high-interaction honeypots has a high risk of security being compromised due to its unlimited functions. To address these problems, we developed Asgard an adaptive self-guarded honeypot, which leverages reinforcement learning to learn and record attacker’s tools and behaviour while protecting itself from being deeply compromised. In this paper, we compare Asgard and its variant Midgard with two conventional SSH honeypots: Cowrie and a real Linux system. The goal of the paper is (1) to demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive honeypot that can learn to compromise between collecting attack data and keeping the honeypot safe, and (2) the benefit of coupling of the environment state and the action in reinforcement learning to define the reward function to effectively learn its objectives. The experimental results show that Asgard could collect higher-quality attacker data compared to Cowrie while evading the detection and could also protect the system for as long as it can through blocking or substituting the malicious programs and some other commands, which is the major problem of the high-interaction honeypot.
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Damrosch, Lori Fisler. "Military Activities in the UNCLOS Compulsory Dispute Settlement System: Implications of the South China Sea Arbitration for U.S. Ratification of UNCLOS." AJIL Unbound 110 (2016): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300009156.
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The Award on the Merits in the South China Sea Arbitration between the Philippines and China (Award) is the first decision of any tribunalto interpret the provision of the 1982 United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea (Convention or UNCLOS) that allows states parties to exclude disputes concerning military activities from the Convention’s compulsory dispute settlement regime. That optional exclusion, embodied in Article 298(1)(b) of the Convention, was a central component of the strenuously-negotiated compromise between states that favored compulsory jurisdiction in principle and those that would have preferred a strictly optional system for third-party legal dispute settlement. Its availability has beencritical in enabling certain states to ratify the Convention and would be an indispensable condition of eventual U.S. ratification. For these reasons, the Award’s treatment of the military activities exception transcends the South China Sea dispute.
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Aznar, Mariano J. "Spain and Marine Protected Areas: Recent Developments." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 33, no. 4 (November 13, 2018): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12334051.
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Abstract Spain has just declared a new marine protected area in the Mediterranean. This follows a protective trend taken by Spanish authorities during the last decades and has permitted Spain to honour its international compromises under the Convention on Biological Diversity. It contributes to a framework of protected areas established under conventional regimes such as OSPAR, RAMSAR or EU Natura 2000. The new area protects a ‘cetacean corridor’ and will be inscribed in the list of Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance under the Barcelona Convention regional framework.
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Carrier, Sébastien. "Les pratiques de coordination en gestion de cas dans le secteur du soutien à domicile pour les personnes en perte d’autonomie liée au vieillissement, une analyse conventionnaliste." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 32, no. 3 (July 23, 2013): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980813000263.
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AbstractThe objective of this article is to understand coordination as it unfolds in case management practices in the context of integrated care networks devoted to frail elderly individuals. More specifically, we describe practical coordination processes. We conducted a qualitative exploratory study using an embedded case study design. Our study covers three health and social service centers in Québec. We noted that coordination produces convention in case management practices through a process of bringing together different types of compromise in home care situations where multidimensionality appears to be more or less important. We constructed four different types of compromise-producing convention with regard to coordination in case management practices: compromise at the interface, scheduling compromise, compromise of opportunity, and compromising change.
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Swepston, Lee. "Crisis in the ILO Supervisory System: Dispute over the Right to Strike." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 29, Issue 2 (June 1, 2013): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2013014.
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The International Labour Organization (ILO) has a well-oiled supervisory system for obligations under the Constitution and Conventions, but one of the tripartite partners is attempting to change the way the system has worked for over ninety years. This has implications beyond the ILO itself, and may compromise some aspects of settled human rights law. The Employers' Group in the ILO are claiming that the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations is interpreting the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention in a way prohibited by the ILO Constitution, and the employers consequently blocked discussion of any cases of individual application of Conventions in the 2012 International Labour Conference. The employers are also claiming a right of the Conference to review and approve or disapprove the findings of the Committee of Experts, which has no basis in the mandates of the two committees. A temporary compromise has been found to allow work to go forward at the 2013 Conference, but this is short term. Behind all this lies a challenge by the employers to the content of the right to strike in international law, and an attempt to separate ILO supervision from the practice in the wider United Nations (UN) system. This article examines the claims of the Employers, finding them misplaced and exaggerated, and contrary to normal international supervisory practice in the ILO and the United Nations, and suggests ways forward.
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Mwangi, Wagaki, and Lynn M. Wagner. "Be Careful What You Compromise For: Postagreement Negotiations within the UN Desertification Convention." International Negotiation 15, no. 3 (2010): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180610x529627.
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Ali Buzayan, Muaiyed Mahmoud, Ghee Seong Lim, Aeman Elkezza, and Oon Take Yeoh. "PROSTHODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF RARE ODONTOGENIC TUMOR (PINDBORG TUMOR) WITH IMPLANT RETAINED MANDIBULAR OVERDENTURE." Journal of Health and Translational Medicine 26, no. 1 (April 10, 2023): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jummec.vol26no1.11.
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Pindborg tumour or calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) is a rare, slow-growing benign tumour occurring most frequently in the posterior part of the mandibular arch. Management ranges from simple enucleation to a segmental resection of the mandible. The latter compromises the jaw foundation for any future prosthetic rehabilitation and warrants jaw reconstruction procedures to improve the retention and stability of the prosthesis. Using mini-implants in such compromised situations is a minimally invasive and cost-effective aid compared to conventional implants. The present case report documents the prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient who underwent mandibular resection for a Pindborg tumour using mini-implants.
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Onyebuchi Victoria, Asiegbu, Ezekwe Ifeanyichukwu Clinton, and Raimi Morufu Olalekan. "Assessing pesticides residue in water and fish and its health implications in the Ivo river basin of South-eastern Nigeria." MOJ Public Health 11, no. 2 (August 17, 2022): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojph.2022.11.00390.
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This study assessed the concentration of pesticides residue in an agriculturally endemic basin in southeastern Nigeria, where pesticide is freely used without any form of regulations. Analysis of water and fish from the streams and tributaries in the basin reveal a very high level of pollution from organochloride pesticides and atrazine which occur above international drinking water standards and at health hazard levels where ecosystem and human health can be compromised. Some of these chemicals have been outrightly banned or their use restricted by international conventions, yet they are freely used in the study area. There is therefore a need for Nigeria to adhere to the provisions of the Stockholm Convention and the earlier Rotterdam Convention which list more chemicals for various forms of restriction to protect man and the environment.
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Mazumder, Dipayan, Mithun Datta, Alexander C. Bodoh, and Ashiq A. Sakib. "A Scalable Formal Framework for the Verification and Vulnerability Analysis of Redundancy-Based Error-Resilient Null Convention Logic Asynchronous Circuits." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 14, no. 1 (January 14, 2024): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea14010005.
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The increasing demand for high-speed, energy-efficient, and miniaturized electronics has led to significant challenges and compromises in the domain of conventional clock-based digital designs, most notably reduced circuit reliability, particularly in mission-critical hardware. At scaled technology nodes, devices are vulnerable to transient or soft errors, such as Single Event Upset (SEU) and Single Event Latch-up (SEL). External radiation, internal electromagnetic interference (EMI), or noise are the primary sources of these errors, which can compromise the circuit functionality. In response to these challenges, the Quasi-Delay-Insensitive (QDI) Null Convention Logic (NCL) asynchronous design paradigm has emerged as a promising alternative, offering advantages such as ultra-low power performance, reduced noise and EMI, and resilience to process, voltage, and temperature variations. Moreover, its unique architecture and insensitivity to timing variations offers a degree of resistance against transient errors; however, it is not entirely resilient. Several resiliency schemes are available to detect and mitigate soft errors in QDI circuits, with approaches based on redundancy proving to be the most effective in ensuring complete resilience across all major QDI implementation paradigms, including NCL, Pre-charge/Weak-charge Half Buffers (PCHB/WCHB), and Sleep Convention Logic (SCL). This research focuses on one such redundancy-based resiliency scheme for QDI NCL circuits, known as the dual-modular redundancy-based NCL (DMR-NCL) architecture, and addresses the absence of formal methods for the verification and analysis of such circuits. A novel methodology has been proposed for formally verifying the correctness of DMR-NCL circuits synthesized from their synchronous counterparts, covering both safety (functional correctness) and liveness (the absence of deadlock). In addition, this research introduces a formal framework for the vulnerability analysis of DMR-NCL circuits against SEU/SEL. To demonstrate the framework’s efficacy and scalability, a prototype computer-aided support tool has been developed, which verifies and analyzes multiple DMR-NCL benchmark circuits of varying sizes and complexities.
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Dewedi, Éric. "Réflexion critique sur l’attractivité du groupement d’intérêt économique (GIE) en droit de l’Organisation pour l’harmonisation du droit des affaires en Afrique (OHADA)." Les Cahiers de droit 57, no. 1 (February 18, 2016): 131–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035216ar.
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En droit de l’Organisation pour l’harmonisation du droit des affaires en Afrique (OHADA), la création du groupement d’intérêt économique (GIE) représente une opportunité laissée aux entreprises de mettre en commun leurs moyens pour accroître leurs activités économiques. Mais paradoxalement, le GIE n’est pas très utilisé par ses destinataires. Il fait ainsi l’objet d’un silence des acteurs qui conduit à s’interroger sur son attractivité. Il apparaît à l’analyse que l’un des attraits du GIE est voulu par la loi, mais qu’il est fortement compromis. En effet, les membres disposent d’une très grande liberté dans la constitution et le fonctionnement du GIE. Cette liberté n’a de limites que dans quelques règles impératives tournées vers la protection des tiers, notamment l’inopposabilité aux tiers des clauses limitatives des pouvoirs de l’adminsitrateur ou des administrateurs et la responsabilité indéfinie et solidaire des membres par rapport aux dettes du GIE. C’est cette responsabilité indéfinie et solidaire des membres relativement aux dettes du GIE qui compromet sérieusement l’attractivité de ce dernier. Il est cependant possible de rendre le GIE plus attractif par l’utilisation des conventions qui permettent à ses membres d’accorder des avantages particuliers aux nouveaux membres par contrat et aussi d’exclure la solidarité aux dettes par des accords avec les tiers contractants. Ces conventions pourraient assurer la sécurité du crédit par le recours aux garanties.
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Jovanović, Marko. "A conclusion of contracts for the international sale of goods." Pravo - teorija i praksa 38, no. 3 (2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2103065j.
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The international exchange of goods is done through a contract on the international sale of goods. A conclusion of a contract on the international sale of goods is based primarily on the autonomy of the will of the parties, unless that autonomy of will is limited by the compulsory regulations of the states. All sources of law cited in the paper, such as international conventions, autonomous sources of law and even customs and business ethics, can be changed by the disposition of the will, because they are of a dispositive character. The contracting parties most often agree on the application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, the so-called Vienna Conventions, except in cases where there are general conditions and standard contracts. The Vienna Convention, which is a compromise of continental, Roman and Anglo-Saxon law, is most often contracted. The offer and its acceptance are necessary for the conclusion of the contract, except for standard and formal contracts. The offer is a final act, and the acceptance of the offer is a statement of the agreement with the offer. The offer must have essential elements of the contract, but it can also have irrelevant elements. By concluding a contract with the application of INCOTERMS clauses, most irrelevant elements of the contract are regulated.
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Jayaganesh Jagannathan. "A Novel Cryptographic method for Securing Active Conventions in Data Networks." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 4 (October 16, 2023): 7384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i4.2711.
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Dynamic conferencing alludes to a situation where in any subset of clients in a vast expanse of clients structure a convention for dividing secret data between them. The key dissemination (KD) issue in powerful conferencing is to register a common secret key for such a progressively framed meeting. In writing, the KD plans for active conventions either are computationally unscalable or require correspondence among clients, which is unfortunate. The extensive symmetric polynomial based dynamic conferencing system (ESPDCS) is one such KD conspires which has a high computational intricacy that is universe size subordinate. In this paper we present upgrades to the ESPDCS to foster a KD conspire called Universe-Free SPDCS (UF-SPDCS) with the end goal that its intricacy is autonomous of the universe size. In any case, the UF-SPDCS conspire doesn't scale with the convention size. We propose a moderately versatile KD conspire named as DH-SPDCS that utilizes the UF-SPDCS and the tree-based group Diffie-Hellman (TGDH) key exchange procedure. The proposed DH-SPDCS gives a configurable compromise among calculation and correspondence intricacy of the plan.
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Pacheco, André A., Ana Carolina O. Neves, and G. Wilson Fernandes. "Uneven conservation efforts compromise Brazil to meet the Target 11 of Convention on Biological Diversity." Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 16, no. 1 (January 2018): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2017.12.001.
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de Carolis, Daniele. "The European Arbitration Convention on Transfer Pricing: Legal Fossil or." Intertax 41, Issue 5 (May 1, 2013): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2013026.
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This article provides an analysis of the European Arbitration Convention on Transfer Pricing focused on the ever-increasing role soft law is playing in the drafting and diffusion of international and European rules. The main argument of this survey is that, rather than an instrument at the border of Community law, the Arbitration Convention lies at the centre of a complex and innovative system of new European governance, in which a hard law instrument (the Convention) is supported by a soft law instrument (the Code of Conduct) and by monitoring and mutual learning mechanisms carried out by the Joint Transfer Pricing Forum (JTPF). These features help better understand the Convention's increasing application in practice as well as the remarkable impact of the Code of Conduct at national level, e.g., in Italian law. Analyses of the European Arbitration Convention are mostly focused on a traditional legal approach and consequently tend to consider this instrument either as a mere international treaty outside the European legal framework or as a no man's land between Community law and ordinary international law or even as a sort of 'legal fossil', i.e., a legally obsolete instrument at the border of European law. These approaches have generally emphasized the Convention's drawbacks, especially with respect to the potential advantages related to its adoption in the form of a European directive according to the Commission's original design. In other words, according to these approaches the Convention is but a sort of second-best, a watered-down compromise which the Commission had to accept in the wake of the Member States' reluctance to waive their fiscal sovereignty in the transfer pricing field. In contrast to these approaches, this work puts forward an analysis of the Convention which stems from soft law's ever-increasing role in international law and in the European integration process. As will be shown in the remainder of this essay, this alternative vision allows to account for the remarkable impact the Convention is starting to have in practice, both at international and national level.
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Phillips, Murray G., and Gary Osmond. "Tensions, Complexities, and Compromises." Journal of Sport History 48, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21558450.48.2.03.
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Abstract Researching and writing about Aboriginal sport history is one of the most challenging, and rewarding, opportunities of our scholarly careers. It is challenging because non-Aboriginal people must engage with ontological, epistemological, theoretical, empirical, and methodological issues and ideas that often exist outside traditional Western conventions. Challenges for male scholars escalate in attempting to represent the experiences of Aboriginal sportswomen. Not only do we need to engage with racial theories and gender analysis, as Susan Birrell has done throughout her career, but it involves consciously creating narratives from the outside as non-Aboriginal men with all the boundaries and limitations this situation imposes. The final layer of complexity is that Aboriginal history-making involves appropriate recognition of, and involvement with, Aboriginal people, and creating reciprocal relationships and practices that are community-driven. We address these issues through a case study of the Marching Girls from the Aboriginal settlement of Cherbourg in Queensland, Australia.
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Halberg, Niels, P. Panneerselvam, and Sebastien Treyer. "Eco-functional Intensification and Food Security: Synergy or Compromise?" Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 3 (June 19, 2015): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n3p126.
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<p>There is an increased understanding that the challenges of producing enough food and biomass while preserving soil, water and biodiversity necessary for ecosystem services can not be solved by prevalent types of conventional agriculture and that agro-ecological approaches and ecological intensification is fundamental for our future food production. FAO has stated that “Ecosystem services sustain agricultural productivity and resilience” and advocates production intensification through ecosystem management. Terminologies such as agro-ecology and ecological/ eco-functional/sustainable intensification are being proposed for agricultural development, which builds on higher input of knowledge, observation skills and management and improved use of agro-ecological methods. Contrary, increased global demand for food, and non-food biomass has increased the pressure for intensifying land use and increasing crop yields based on conventional inputs, while still aiming at reducing environmental impact. There is a battle of discourse between these approaches in competition for – among others – research and development funding. The examples of improved local food security from introducing agro-ecological and low external input agriculture practices among smallholder farmers are many. However, upscaling remains a challenge and the ability of such eco-functional intensification to feed the increased urban populations in emerging economies remains an open question. A broader view of what is organic and conventional farming is necessary and the use of new understandings from ecology and molecular biology will be needed to create and profit from synergies between preserving and building on eco-systems services and providing increased food and biomass.</p>
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Kukla, Rebecca. "Performative Force, Convention, and Discursive Injustice." Hypatia 29, no. 2 (2014): 440–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2012.01316.x.
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AbstractI explore how gender can shape the pragmatics of speech. In some circumstances, when a woman deploys standard discursive conventions in order to produce a speech act with a specific performative force, her utterance can turn out, in virtue of its uptake, to have a quite different force—a less empowering force—than it would have if performed by a man. When members of a disadvantaged group face a systematic inability to produce a specific kind of speech act that they are entitled to perform—and in particular when their attempts result in their actually producing a different kind of speech act that further compromises their social position and agency—then they are victims of what I call discursive injustice. I examine three examples of discursive injustice. I contrast my account with Langton and Hornsby's account of illocutionary silencing. I argue that lack of complete control over the performative force of our speech acts is universal, and not a special marker of social disadvantage. However, women and other relatively disempowered speakers are sometimes subject to a distinctive distortion of the path from speaking to uptake, which undercuts their social agency in ways that track and enhance existing social disadvantages.
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Larsson, P. A., and L. Wågberg. "Towards natural-fibre-based thermoplastic films produced by conventional papermaking." Green Chemistry 18, no. 11 (2016): 3324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc03068d.
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Strong and ductile barrier materials based on cellulose are predicted to be of great importance in a sustainable society. Such materials can be achieved by partial conversion of the cellulose of wood fibres to dialcohol cellulose. The chemical modification does not compromise the macroscopic fibre structure and still allows for rapid processing by conventional papermaking.
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Hier, Sean P. "Moral panic and the new neoliberal compromise." Current Sociology 67, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 879–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392119829511.
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Moral panics are conventionally explained as socially regressive overreactions to objectively minor problems. In the early 2000s, moral panics were recast as collective grievances that arise from perceived crises in the moral regulation of everyday life. Emphasizing neoliberal forms of entrepreneurial risk management, the panic-as-regulation perspective provides ways of thinking beyond some of the limitations associated with conventional perspectives. This article shows how the new neoliberal compromise, characterized by ongoing submission to the rule of capital in the absence of familiar ways of securing hegemonic consensus, is calling attention to the importance of theorizing the conjunctural norms of personal responsibility that underscore the panic-as-regulation perspective. By locating market-oriented subjectivities in the wider trajectory of neoliberalism, we achieve two things: first, a clearer understanding of the normative phase of neoliberal rule in whose image the panic-as-regulation perspective is crafted; second, a stronger position to develop insights into post-hegemonic claims-making activities that are appearing across the political and cultural spectrums.
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Fuseini, Awal, Mara Miele, and John Lever. "Poultry Welfare at Slaughter." Poultry 2, no. 1 (March 3, 2023): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/poultry2010010.
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Billions of poultry are slaughtered globally each year to provide protein for a rapidly expanding human population. The large number of birds produced in conventional systems presents animal welfare issues during production, transport, and at the time of slaughter. While we recognise the significance of welfare issues during rearing and transport, this paper highlights the welfare of poultry at the time of slaughter. The impacts of manual handling, inversion and shackling, use of inappropriate electrical stunning parameters, and the use of aversive gas mixtures during controlled atmosphere stunning are some of the evident welfare lapses; if the entrance to the water bath is wet and not isolated, bird welfare can also be compromised during water bath stunning because of pre-stun shocks. We also highlight the use of aversive stunning methods such as carbon dioxide gas at high concentrations, which has been shown to compromise bird welfare. In conclusion, we offer some reflections on ways to improve the welfare of birds during pre-slaughter handling, stunning, and neck cutting.
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Carlsen, Paul, and Jac Heckelman. "The (Questionable) Importance of New York at the Constitutional Convention." Journal of Early American History 7, no. 3 (November 8, 2017): 237–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00703003.
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The u.s. Constitution was first developed at the 1787 Convention, where each state’s vote was determined by the majority preference of its delegates. Two of the delegates from New York, John Lansing and Robert Yates, both strident anti-Federalists, left the Convention early due to disagreement with the proceedings. Their departure cost New York its vote for the rest of the Convention, and has been considered by some scholars to be an important event. We investigate how often New York’s vote was critical to proposals passing or failing, both when present and counter-factually when absent. We find New York’s vote could have been critical on only 28 of 578 (roughly 5%) votes. Most of the 28 votes were on nominal issues. However, paradoxically, it appears that a more favorable outcome for Lansing and Yates might have occurred had New York also missed the very first vote of the Convention and the last vote on apportionment prior to “The Great Compromise”.
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Puonti, Helena K., Satu K. Jääskeläinen, Helena K. Hallikainen, and Taina A. Partanen. "A Microneurovascular TRAM Flap Does Not Compromise Abdominal Sensibility More Than a Conventional One." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 130, no. 3 (September 2012): 392e—397e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e31825dbedd.
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DALMASSO, Elsa Inés. "Las Conferencias sobre el Cambio Climático – COP: Compromiso de Estados, Empresas y Comunidad." Revista Em Tempo 17, no. 01 (November 30, 2018): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.26729/et.v17i01.2630.
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Resumen:
La Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas para el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) establecida en mayo de 1992, en la «Cumbre de la Tierra de Río de Janeiro», entró en vigor en marzo de 1994 con la premisa de reforzar la conciencia pública a escala mundial sobre los problemas relativos al Cambio Climático. Entre sus objetivos principales se destaca la estabilización de las concentraciones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI) en la atmósfera, para impedir riesgos en el sistema climático.
La Conferencia de las Partes (COP) se establece como el órgano supremo de la Convención y la asociación de todos los países que forman parte de ella. Como asimismo lo es en calidad de Reunión de las Partes del Protocolo de Kioto (PK),
En las reuniones anuales de la COP participan expertos en medio ambiente, ministros, jefes de estado y organizaciones no gubernamentales con la función de supervisar y examinar la aplicación de la Convención y del Protocolo. El objetivo es preparar inventarios de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero por las fuentes y su absorción por los sumideros, promoviendo y facilitando el intercambio de información sobre las medidas adoptadas y el desarrollo del proceso de negociación entre las Partes de la Convención. Concluyendo con la elaboración de un Compromiso de Estados, Empresas y Comunidad respecto a la regulación de los efectos sobre cambio climático.
Palabras clave: Cambio Climático; Naciones Unidas; Conferencia de las Partes.
Abstract:
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established in May 1992, at the "Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro"; It entered into force in March 1994 with the premise of strengthening public awareness on a global scale about the problems related to Climate Change. Among its main objectives is the stabilization of concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere, to prevent risks in the climate system.
The Conference of the Parties (COP) is established as the supreme organ of the Convention and the association of all the countries that are part of it. As it is also in the capacity of the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (KP),
Environmental experts, ministers, heads of state and non-governmental organizations participate in the annual meetings of the COP, with the function of supervising and examining the application of the Convention and the Protocol, in order to prepare inventories of greenhouse gas emissions. greenhouse effect by the sources and their absorption by the sinks, promoting and facilitating the exchange of information on the measures adopted and the development of the negotiation process between the Parties to the Convention. Concluding with the elaboration of a Commitment of States, Companies and Community regarding the regulation of the effects on climate change
Keywords: Climate Change; United Nations; Conference of the Parties
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D., Krishna Prasad, Divya Mehra, and Anupama Prasad D. "PROSTHODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF COMPROMISED RIDGES AND SITUATIONS." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 04, no. 01 (March 2014): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703754.
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Abstract:Prosthodontic rehabilitation of a patient with compromised edentulous ridges in a conventional manner is a difficult task. Modifications in the treatment procedures should be considered to fulfil the patient's functional and esthetic desires. This article reviews the various compromised situations commonly encountered in a routine clinical practice and the possible management of each of them.
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Hodson, Loveday. "Collaboration as Feminist Methodology: Experiences from the Feminist International Judgments Project." Oñati Socio-legal Series 8, no. 9 (December 31, 2018): 1224–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-0998.
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Participants in the Feminist International Judgments Project have brought to a small group (a judgment-writing chamber) their individual feminist perspectives on international law, and sought to apply their knowledge and method to a highly collaborative judgment (re)writing process. In departing from academic convention and exploring the possibilities and limitations to be found in the collaboration and compromise of writing judgments (rather than focusing on individual viewpoints), participants have had their perspectives constantly challenges. In this paper I explain how this project has foregrounded shared experience in its methodology, thereby making an important connection between feminist theory and methodology. The practical challenges and solutions that participants faced in collaborating on their judgment-writing are also explored. Las participantes del Proyecto Internacional de Sentencias Feministas han aportado sus perspectivas feministas individuales sobre leyes internacionales a un pequeño grupo (una cámara de redacción de sentencias), y han procurado aplicar su conocimiento y métodos a un proceso muy colaborativo de reescritura de sentencias. Apartarse de las convenciones académicas y explorar las posibilidades y límites de la colaboración y el compromiso de escribir sentencias han supuesto un constante desafío a los puntos de vista personales de las participantes. En este artículo, explico cómo dicho proyecto ha traído a primer plano la experiencia compartida en metodología, creando una importante conexión entre teoría y metodología del feminismo. Asimismo, se explican los desafíos y las soluciones de tipo práctico que se encontraron las participantes.
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Novikova, Tatiana V. "Contract for the international sale of goods: Principle of autonomy of the will of parties within documents of the Hague Conference on Private International Law." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 11, no. 4 (2020): 972–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2020.409.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of legal regulation dealing with choice-of-law agreements by parties to international sale of goods contracts, namely in two documents of the Hague Conference on Private International Law: the Convention of 1955 on the Law Applicable to International Sales of Goods (in force) and the Convention of 1986 on the Law Applicable to Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (not yet in force). The Convention of 1955 sets a strict standard of autonomy of will (choice of a country’s domestic law; based only on the terms of the contract). Having a small number of participants and characterized by inconsistent law enforcement practice, this convention, nevertheless, is a valid legal instrument which Russian actors in the field of external trade should take into account when cooperating with nationals of member states. The Convention of 1986 establishes a substantively more liberal autonomy of will standard (change of the applicable law; demonstrated by the terms of the contract and the conduct of the parties in their entirety). However, many participants in the drafting procedure led to a wide range of views in regard to parties’ autonomy (including diametrically opposite ones). This resulted in a compromise nature of the solutions (and even the drafters’ direct refusal to address parties’ choice sensitive issues: choice of lex mercatoria, depecage) and, likely, an insufficient adoption for the Convention to enter into force. The Conventions’ basic principles (1955 — irrespective of having a few number of participants; 1986 — irrespective of not entering into force) have the potential for practical application in international commercial arbitration. In the case of parties’ autonomy, such an application would be limited to its recognition as far as the standard of the first is strict and somewhat outdated, whereas the standard of the second has been accepted in the framework of discord between states and avoids addressing sensitive issues in its implementation.
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Soria-Rodríguez, Carlos. "Marine Renewable Energies and the European Regional Seas Conventions." Climate Law 6, no. 3-4 (October 11, 2016): 314–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00603007.
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Marine renewable energies (mres) have become a priority in the eu due to their potential contribution to mitigating climate change and providing competitive, affordable, and secure energy (among other benefits). However, the installation, maintenance, operation, and decommissioning of mres, in addition to the energy transmission to the grid and the development of the related industry, could compromise the protection of the marine environment. The Regional Seas Conventions (rscs) are some of the relevant legal instruments for the protection of the marine environment at the European regional level. This article analyses the applicability of the rscs to mres and argues that these instruments offer only generic protection against the environmental effects associated with the deployment of these sources of energy. However, the interaction between the rscs and relevant eu secondary law instruments applicable to mres can strengthen the environmental protection against the environmental effects of mres in the eu’s maritime spaces. 1
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Noor, Basirah, and Sana Qadir. "Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Model for the Detection of Rootkits Using Memory Analysis." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (September 27, 2023): 10730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910730.
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Rootkits are malicious programs designed to conceal their activities on compromised systems, making them challenging to detect using conventional methods. As the threat landscape continually evolves, rootkits pose a serious threat by stealthily concealing malicious activities, making their early detection crucial to prevent data breaches and system compromise. A promising strategy for monitoring system activities involves analyzing volatile memory. This study proposes a rootkit detection model that combines memory analysis with Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. The model aims to identify suspicious patterns and behaviors associated with rootkits by analyzing the contents of a system’s volatile memory. To train the model, a diverse dataset of known rootkit samples is employed, and ML and deep learning algorithms are utilized. Through extensive experimentation and evaluation using SVM, RF, DT, k-NN, and LSTM algorithms, it is determined that SVM achieves the highest accuracy rate of 96.2%, whereas Execution Time (ET) shows that k-NN depicts the best performance, and LSTM (a DL model) shows the worst performance among the tested algorithms. This research contributes to the development of advanced defense mechanisms and enhances system security against the constantly evolving threat of rootkit attacks.
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Miyazaki, Hidetaka, Shinji Kumegawa, Toshifumi Kudo, Yoshitaka Wada, Kazuki Ueno, Yasuhiro Takahashi, Kae Tanaka, and Shinichi Asamura. "Practicality and Hemodynamic Advantage of Microvascularly Augmented Pectoralis Major Musculocutaneous Flap." Annals of Plastic Surgery 92, no. 5 (May 2024): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000003830.
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Abstract We have recently shown that including the blood flow from the lateral thoracic artery (LTA) in addition to the thoracoacromial artery in the pectoralis major muscle musculocutaneous (PMMC) flap (bipedicle PMMC flap) can increase the perfusion of the flap. We also developed the concept of the supercharged PMMC flap, in which the LTA included in the flap was once cut and anastomosed to a cervical artery under a microscope. It is an effective solution to maintain the additional blood flow from the LTA, when the length of the LTA is compromised for reconstruction. The mandibular reconstruction of an oral cancer patient was performed with a supercharged PMMC flap. Intraoperative indocyanine green angiography was performed in a single pedicle, bipedicle, and supercharged conditions, and the videos were analyzed with a quantitative assessment system of perfusion using some parameters. As a result, blood supply from the LTA was essential for flap survival in this patient, and supercharging from the cervical artery improved flap perfusion compared with the perfusion in the bipedicle condition. The supercharged PMMC flap can resolve the compromise of pedicle length and be also hemodynamically advantageous, thus making the reconstruction more reliable than the conventional technique.
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Kolouch, Jan. "Evolution of Phishing and Business Email Compromise Campaigns in the Czech Republic." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 17, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2018.3.6.
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Cyberspace is an environment in which cyber-attacks can be committed. Fraudulent attacks are one of the oldest cyber-attacks of all. The aim of this article is to familiarize the reader with the evolution of phishing and Business Email Compromise (BEC) attacks that occurred to a large extent in the cyberspace of the Czech Republic from 2014 to 2018. The article describes scam, phishing and BEC definitions, as well as individual ways of implementing specific attacks. Special attention is also paid to the possible criminal liability of the attacker for the described cyber-attacks, both according to the international legal regulations (enshrined in the Convention on Cybercrime) and according to the legislation of the Czech Republic.
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C, Manjunatha R., Rekha K. R, and Nataraj K. R. "Implementation of Fuzzy Based Simulation for Clone Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.10017.
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<p>Wireless sensor networks are usually left unattended and serve hostile environment, therefore can easily be compromised. With compromised nodes an attacker can conduct several inside and outside attacks. Node replication attack is one of them which can cause severe damage to wireless sensor network if left undetected. This paper presents fuzzy based simulation framework for detection and revocation of compromised nodes in wireless sensor network. Our proposed scheme uses PDR statistics and neighbor reports to determine the probability of a cluster being compromised. Nodes in compromised cluster are then revoked and software attestation is performed.Simulation is carried out on MATLAB 2010a and performance of proposed scheme is compared with conventional algorithms on the basis of communication and storage overhead. Simulation results show that proposed scheme require less communication and storage overhead than conventional algorithms.</p>
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C, Manjunatha R., Rekha K. R, and Nataraj K. R. "Implementation of Fuzzy Based Simulation for Clone Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.pp1570-1576.
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<p>Wireless sensor networks are usually left unattended and serve hostile environment, therefore can easily be compromised. With compromised nodes an attacker can conduct several inside and outside attacks. Node replication attack is one of them which can cause severe damage to wireless sensor network if left undetected. This paper presents fuzzy based simulation framework for detection and revocation of compromised nodes in wireless sensor network. Our proposed scheme uses PDR statistics and neighbor reports to determine the probability of a cluster being compromised. Nodes in compromised cluster are then revoked and software attestation is performed.Simulation is carried out on MATLAB 2010a and performance of proposed scheme is compared with conventional algorithms on the basis of communication and storage overhead. Simulation results show that proposed scheme require less communication and storage overhead than conventional algorithms.</p>
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Ilyinskaya, O. I. "Some challenges of treaty regulation of international relations in the field of environmental protection." Lex Russica, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.148.3.045-059.
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International agreements and treaties in the field of environmental protection concluded in the 19th — first half of the 20th century, were, as a rule, the result of forced compromises, they were intended to solve urgent problems that had appeared or, at least, drew attention to limited areas (for example, the threat to a certain species, pollution of a marine area). In such cases, a convention was adopted to protect an endangered species or to limit emissions into the sea. As a result of this fragmented approach to environmental protection, an impressive but very heterogeneous system of conventions has emerged. Understanding of the unity of ecosystems implemented in the development of principles enshrined in the Stockholm Declaration of 1972 and the Rio Declaration of 1992 took place largely due to the rapid progress of science and technology. As a result, there has been a transition from “spontaneous” formation of international environmental standards to their consolidation around special principles of international environmental law. Also, a notable feature of many international treaties in the field of environmental protection — their “framework” character — is further analyzed. The adoption of framework agreements leads to the formation of complex sets of conventional documents consisting of several different, but in a certain way related to each other agreements. Considering the question of the effectiveness of such a legal instrument as a framework agreement, the author concludes that the origins of the problem of insufficient effectiveness of agreements in the field of environmental protection lie in the foundations of the existing economic system.
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Sathyapriya, G., U. Natarajan, B. Sureshkumar, G. Navaneethakrishnan, R. Palanisamy, Mohit Bajaj, Naveen Kumar Sharma, and Kitmo. "Quality and Tool Stability Improvement in Turning Operation Using Plastic Compliant Damper." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (September 1, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8654603.
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The major hindrance for any production industry in obtaining higher yield is the lack of achieving full material removal rate in the machine tools. If achieved, the surface quality of the machined works will be compromised. An attempt was made in this work to reduce the compromise of surface finish by integrating a plastic compliant damper that is capable of reducing the effects of unwanted vibrations generated during the machining process. The damper is designed to degenerate the effects of vibration and thereby improve product finish. It is made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene by fused deposition modelling (an additive manufacturing technique). Measuring the vibration and cutting force is indirectly related to finish in product and tool wear rate. The stability of tool is improved greatly by the new compliant damper possessing displacement resistance. The effect of variation in cutting conditions on the performance of conventional rubber damper and plastic compliant damper was analyzed. The highest speed, feed rate, and depth of cut of 540 rpm, 0.02 mm/s, and 1.5 mm, respectively, found to be cutting condition at which imparted minimum surface roughness values of 2.80 μm and 0.52 μm with conventional rubber damper and plastic compliant damper, respectively. The speed and feed rate and depth of cut are found to be important parameters while studying surface roughness. The peak surface roughness is reduced by 48% by using the proposed compliant damper.
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Kieckhefer, Richard. "Convention and Conversion: Patterns in Late Medieval Piety." Church History 67, no. 1 (March 1998): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170770.
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Ernst Troeltsch is known to church historians largely for his classic threefold distinction of church, sect, and mysticism. In The Social Teachings of the Christian Churches, Troeltsch describes the church as an institution enmeshed with society and making accommodations to the world's imperfections; the sects, driven by a quest for purity, refuse to make accommodations or compromises, while the mystics stand aside from this conflict and concern themselves with “a purely personal and inward experience” in which “the isolated individual, and psychological abstraction and analysis become everything.” Troeltsch sees mysticism not as a phenomenon naturally at home within the church but rather as one that leads away from the establishment, and it is perhaps this perception in particular that gives his work lasting relevance. The assumption that mysticism veers naturally in an antiecclesial direction, and that its more orthodox manifestations are anomalies requiring explanation, remains very much alive in the literature. Indeed, from the perspective of cultural materialism, it is the political, antiecclesial, subversive bite of mysticism that is its most interesting feature. On this point liberal Protestantism and postmodernism have come together, theology and cultural studies have embraced. Troeltsch's schema thus retains relevance well beyond the sphere of historiography.
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Bourne, Charles B. "The Primacy of the Principle of Equitable Utilization in the 1997 Watercourses Convention." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 35 (1998): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800006639.
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SummaryThe International Law Commission wrestled for over a decade with the relationship between the principle of equitable utilization and the no harm principle in its work on the law of the non-navigational uses of international watercourses. In its final Report to the UN General Assembly on this topic in 1994, the Commission presented a set of Draft Articles couched in obscure language that reflected the sharp differences of opinion on the matter and the compromises that had been made. This division of opinion about the relationship between these two principles persisted in the Working Group of the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly to which the Draft Articles were referred. Again, compromises were reached and the language of the substantive articles (in particular Articles 5, 7, 20, and 21) of the Watercourses Convention, adopted by the General Assembly on May 21, 1997, continues to be obscure and its meaning debatable.It is argued here that in this Convention the principle of equitable utilization, which prescribes the reasonable and equitable sharing of the beneficial uses of the waters of an international watercourse, is made the primary substantive rule of international water law; harm caused by a utilization of these waters is, of course, an important factor to be taken into account in determining whether, in a particular case, the utilization is reasonable and equitable and, therefore, lawful. This interpretation of the Watercourses Convention brings it into harmony with customary international water law. It is an interpretation that finds support in the recent decision of the International Court of fustice in the Gabákovo case.
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Tan, Sioh‐Yang, Lois L. Cavanagh, William d'Advigor, Nick Shackel, Barbara Fazekas St Groth, and Wolfgang Weninger. "Phenotype and functions of conventional dendritic cells are not compromised in aged mice." Immunology & Cell Biology 90, no. 7 (January 10, 2012): 722–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/icb.2011.104.
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Ribeiro Tenório, Lucas. "Diode Laser Surgery for Early Stage Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer - A Comparison Study with Conventional Electrosurgery." Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/ohns-010x/100088.
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Any surgical resection of the oral cavity and pharynx could lead to serious impairment and compromise swallowing, chewing, breathing, and speaking. Early-stage tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx are usually accessed by the transoral approach.