Relevant bibliographies by topics / Convection (Meteorology) Tropics Mathematical models

Academic literature on the topic 'Convection (Meteorology) Tropics Mathematical models'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Convection (Meteorology) Tropics Mathematical models"

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Zhang, K., H. Wan, B. Wang, M. Zhang, J. Feichter, and X. Liu. "Tropospheric aerosol size distributions simulated by three online global aerosol models using the M7 microphysics module." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 5803–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-5803-2010.

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Abstract. Tropospheric aerosol size distributions are simulated by three online global models that employ exactly the same modal approach but differ in many aspects such as model meteorology, natural aerosol emissions, sulfur chemistry, and the parameterization of deposition processes. The main purpose of this study is to identify where the largest inter-model discrepancies occur and what the main reasons are. The number concentrations of different aerosol size ranges are compared among the three models and against observations. Overall all the three models can capture the basic features of the observed aerosol number spatial distributions. The magnitude of the number concentration of each mode is consistent among the three models. Quantitative differences are also clearly detectable. For the soluble and insoluble coarse mode and accumulation mode, inter-model discrepancies mainly result from differences in the sea salt and dust emissions, as well as the different strengths of the convective transport in the meteorological models. For the nucleation mode and the soluble Aitken mode, the spread of the model results is largest in the tropics and in the middle and upper troposphere. Diagnostics and sensitivity experiments suggest that this large spread is closely related to the sulfur cycle in the models, which is strongly affected by the choice of sulfur chemistry scheme, its coupling with the convective transport and wet deposition calculation, and the related meteorological fields such as cloud cover, cloud water content, and precipitation. The aerosol size distributions simulated by the three models are compared to observations in the boundary layer. The characteristic shape and magnitude of the distribution functions are reasonably reproduced in typical conditions (i.e., clean, polluted and transition areas). Biases in the mode parameters over the remote oceans and the China adjacent seas are probably caused by the fixed mode variance in the mathematical formulations used in the modal approach in the three models, as well as some of the prescribed size distribution parameters of the natural and anthropogenic emissions.
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Adams, David K., Rui M. S. Fernandes, Kirk L. Holub, Seth I. Gutman, Henrique M. J. Barbosa, Luiz A. T. Machado, Alan J. P. Calheiros, et al. "The Amazon Dense GNSS Meteorological Network: A New Approach for Examining Water Vapor and Deep Convection Interactions in the Tropics." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 12 (December 1, 2015): 2151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00171.1.

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Abstract The complex interactions between water vapor fields and deep atmospheric convection remain one of the outstanding problems in tropical meteorology. The lack of high spatial–temporal resolution, all-weather observations in the tropics has hampered progress. Numerical models have difficulties, for example, in representing the shallow-to-deep convective transition and the diurnal cycle of precipitation. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meteorology, which provides all-weather, high-frequency (5 min), precipitable water vapor estimates, can help. The Amazon Dense GNSS Meteorological Network experiment, the first of its kind in the tropics, was created with the aim of examining water vapor and deep convection relationships at the mesoscale. This innovative, Brazilian-led international experiment consisted of two mesoscale (100 km × 100 km) networks: 1) a 1-yr (April 2011–April 2012) campaign (20 GNSS meteorological sites) in and around Manaus and 2) a 6-week (June 2011) intensive campaign (15 GNSS meteorological sites) in and around Belem, the latter in collaboration with the Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil: A Contribution to Cloud-Resolving Modeling and to the Global Precipitation Measurement (CHUVA) Project in Brazil. Results presented here from both networks focus on the diurnal cycle of precipitable water vapor associated with sea-breeze convection in Belem and seasonal and topographic influences in and around Manaus. Ultimately, these unique observations may serve to initialize, constrain, or validate precipitable water vapor in high-resolution models. These experiments also demonstrate that GNSS meteorology can expand into logistically difficult regions such as the Amazon. Other GNSS meteorology networks presently being constructed in the tropics are summarized.
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Russo, M. R., V. Marécal, C. R. Hoyle, J. Arteta, C. Chemel, M. P. Chipperfield, O. Dessens, et al. "Representation of tropical deep convection in atmospheric models – Part 1: Meteorology and comparison with satellite observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 6 (March 25, 2011): 2765–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2765-2011.

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Abstract. Fast convective transport in the tropics can efficiently redistribute water vapour and pollutants up to the upper troposphere. In this study we compare tropical convection characteristics for the year 2005 in a range of atmospheric models, including numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, chemistry transport models (CTMs), and chemistry-climate models (CCMs). The model runs have been performed within the framework of the SCOUT-O3 (Stratospheric-Climate Links with Emphasis on the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere) project. The characteristics of tropical convection, such as seasonal cycle, land/sea contrast and vertical extent, are analysed using satellite observations as a benchmark for model simulations. The observational datasets used in this work comprise precipitation rates, outgoing longwave radiation, cloud-top pressure, and water vapour from a number of independent sources, including ERA-Interim analyses. Most models are generally able to reproduce the seasonal cycle and strength of precipitation for continental regions but show larger discrepancies with observations for the Maritime Continent region. The frequency distribution of high clouds from models and observations is calculated using highly temporally-resolved (up to 3-hourly) cloud top data. The percentage of clouds above 15 km varies significantly between the models. Vertical profiles of water vapour in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) show large differences between the models which can only be partly attributed to temperature differences. If a convective plume reaches above the level of zero net radiative heating, which is estimated to be ~15 km in the tropics, the air detrained from it can be transported upwards by radiative heating into the lower stratosphere. In this context, we discuss the role of tropical convection as a precursor for the transport of short-lived species into the lower stratosphere.
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Orbe, Clara, Huang Yang, Darryn W. Waugh, Guang Zeng, Olaf Morgenstern, Douglas E. Kinnison, Jean-Francois Lamarque, et al. "Large-scale tropospheric transport in the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 10 (May 25, 2018): 7217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7217-2018.

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Abstract. Understanding and modeling the large-scale transport of trace gases and aerosols is important for interpreting past (and projecting future) changes in atmospheric composition. Here we show that there are large differences in the global-scale atmospheric transport properties among the models participating in the IGAC SPARC Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI). Specifically, we find up to 40 % differences in the transport timescales connecting the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitude surface to the Arctic and to Southern Hemisphere high latitudes, where the mean age ranges between 1.7 and 2.6 years. We show that these differences are related to large differences in vertical transport among the simulations, in particular to differences in parameterized convection over the oceans. While stronger convection over NH midlatitudes is associated with slower transport to the Arctic, stronger convection in the tropics and subtropics is associated with faster interhemispheric transport. We also show that the differences among simulations constrained with fields derived from the same reanalysis products are as large as (and in some cases larger than) the differences among free-running simulations, most likely due to larger differences in parameterized convection. Our results indicate that care must be taken when using simulations constrained with analyzed winds to interpret the influence of meteorology on tropospheric composition.
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Konopka, Paul, Mengchu Tao, Marc von Hobe, Lars Hoffmann, Corinna Kloss, Fabrizio Ravegnani, C. Michael Volk, et al. "Tropospheric transport and unresolved convection: numerical experiments with CLaMS 2.0/MESSy." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 7471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7471-2022.

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Abstract. Pure Lagrangian, i.e., trajectory-based transport models, take into account only the resolved advective part of transport. That means neither mixing processes between the air parcels (APs) nor unresolved subgrid-scale advective processes like convection are included. The Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS 1.0) extends this approach by including mixing between the Lagrangian APs parameterizing the small-scale isentropic mixing. To improve model representation of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), this approach was extended by taking into account parameterization of tropospheric mixing and unresolved convection in the recently published CLaMS 2.0 version. All three transport modes, i.e., isentropic and tropospheric mixing and the unresolved convection can be adjusted and optimized within the model. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of the model representation of tracers in the UTLS with respect to these three modes. For this reason, the CLaMS 2.0 version implemented within the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy), CLaMS 2.0/MESSy, is applied with meteorology based on the ERA-Interim (EI) and ERA5 (E5) reanalyses with the same horizontal resolution (1.0×1.0∘) but with 60 and 137 model levels for EI and E5, respectively. Comparisons with in situ observations are used to rate the degree of agreement between different model configurations and observations. Starting from pure advective runs as a reference and in agreement with CLaMS 1.0, we show that among the three processes considered, isentropic mixing dominates transport in the UTLS. Both the observed CO, O3, N2O, and CO2 profiles and CO–O3 correlations are clearly better reproduced in the model with isentropic mixing. The second most important transport process considered is convection which is only partially resolved in the vertical velocity fields provided by the analysis. This additional pathway of transport from the planetary boundary layer (PBL) to the main convective outflow dominates the composition of air in the lower stratosphere relative to the contribution of the resolved transport. This transport happens mainly in the tropics and sub-tropics, and significantly rejuvenates the age of air in this region. By taking into account tropospheric mixing, weakest changes in tracer distributions without any clear improvements were found.
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Pommereau, J. P., A. Garnier, G. Held, A. M. Gomes, F. Goutail, G. Durry, F. Borchi, et al. "An overview of the HIBISCUS campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 5 (March 15, 2011): 2309–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2309-2011.

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Abstract. The EU HIBISCUS project consisted of a series of field campaigns during the intense convective summers in 2001, 2003 and 2004 in the State of São Paulo in Brazil. Its objective was to investigate the impact of deep convection on the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) and the lower stratosphere by providing a new set of observational data on meteorology, tracers of horizontal and vertical transport, water vapour, clouds, and chemistry in the tropical Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere (UT/LS). This was achieved using short duration research balloons to study local phenomena associated with convection over land, and long-duration balloons circumnavigating the globe to study the contrast between land and oceans. Analyses of observations of short-lived tracers, ozone and ice particles show strong episodic local updraughts of cold air across the lapse rate tropopause up to 18 or 19 km (420–440 K) in the lower stratosphere by overshooting towers. The long duration balloon and satellite measurements reveal a contrast between the composition of the lower stratosphere over land and oceanic areas, suggesting significant global impact of such events. The overshoots are shown to be well captured by non-hydrostatic meso-scale Cloud Resolving Models indicating vertical velocities of 50–60 m s−1 at the top of the Neutral Buoyancy Level (NBL) at around 14 km, but, in contrast, are poorly represented by global Chemistry-Transport Models (CTM) forced by Numerical Weather Forecast Models (NWP) underestimating the overshooting process. Finally, the data collected by the HIBISCUS balloons have allowed a thorough evaluation of temperature NWP analyses and reanalyses, as well as satellite ozone, nitrogen oxide, water vapour and bromine oxide measurements in the tropics.
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7

Klein, R. "An unified approach to meteorological modelling based on multiple-scales asymptotics." Advances in Geosciences 15 (March 18, 2008): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-15-23-2008.

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Abstract. In 2003, the author suggested a mathematical framework for the derivation of reduced meteorological models at a Mathematics conference (5th ICIAM, Sydney, Australia), (Klein, 2004). The framework consists of (i) non-dimensionalization of the 3-D compressible flow equations on the rotating sphere, (ii) identification of universal non-dimensional parameters, (iii) distinguished limits between these and additional problem-specific parameters, and (iv) multiple scales expansions in the remaining small parameter ε. This parameter may be interpreted as the cubic root of the centripetal acceleration due to the Earth's rotation divided by the acceleration of gravity, see also Keller (1951), Eq. (10). For the mojority of reduced models of theoretical meteorology that we have come across, the approach allowed us to generate systematic derivations starting directly from the 3-D compressible flow equations on the rotating sphere. The framework's potential fully shows in multiscale interaction studies such as Klein (2006), in which we incorporated bulk microphysics closures for moist processes and derived scale interaction models for deep convection. Currently, we study the structure, evolution, and motion of Hurricane strength H1/H2 vortices (Mikusky, 2007), large-scale stratocumulus cloud decks, and planetary-synoptic scale interaction models which should be relevant for Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs). Here we summarize the general framework and use the example of quasi-geostrophic theory to demonstrate its application.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Convection (Meteorology) Tropics Mathematical models"

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Sanabia, Elizabeth R. "Objective identification of environmental patterns related to tropical cyclone track forecast errors." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FSanabia.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Patrick A. Harr, Russell L. Elsberry. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 43). Also available in print.
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Barbour, Philip L. (Philip Lee) 1960. "The use of conserved variables in the modeling and parameterization of shallow cumulus trade wind boundary layers." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29294.

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A time dependent model of the shallow, tropical convective boundary layer is developed and tested. To simplify the treatment of thermodynamic processes and return to first principles of physics, conserved quantities of entropy and total water density are used as primary model variables. In addition, a new shallow cumulus parameterization scheme is developed and is based on the use of a time dependent cloud kinetic energy equation combining local concepts of cloud processes with the use of a special buoyancy length scale. Two model simulations are performed in an attempt to assess the model's performance and the effectiveness of the parameterization scheme. Results indicate that the model does a reasonable job in both representing the equilibrium structure of a shallow convective boundary layer and in generating a realistic boundary layer structure from an initial state consisting of a shallow moist layer with dry air aloft. The cumulus parameterization scheme appears to adequately represent the transport of thermodynamic quantities associated with convective activity and the use of conserved variables provides an effective way of representing the boundary layer structure and treating the mixing processes associated with cloud processes. This work illustrates the usefulness of generalized conserved variables, particularly entropy and total water density, and indicates that the general approach of using a time dependent cloud kinetic energy equation may be effective for representing thermodynamic processes in the tropical boundary layer.
Graduation date: 1992
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3

Compton, Andrea Jean. "The correlation of sea surface temperatures, sea level pressure and vertical wind shear with ten tropical cyclones between 1981-2010." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3669.

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Books on the topic "Convection (Meteorology) Tropics Mathematical models"

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Reudenbach, Christoph. Konvektive Sommerniederschläge in Mitteleuropa: Eine Kombination aus Satellitenfernerkundung und numerischer Modellierung zur automatischen Erfassung mesoskaliger Niederschlagsfelder. Sankt Augustin: In Kommission bei Asgard-Verlag, 2003.

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Gao, Shouting. Cloud-resolving modeling of convective processes. [Dordrecht]: Springer, 2008.

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3

Paul, Becker. Numerische Untersuchungen zur Dynamik zwei- und dreidimensionaler konvektiver Strukturen in einer durch eine Inversion abgeschlossenen atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. Hamburg: G.M.L. Wittenborn, 1987.

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Lee, Chong Bum. Modelling and climatological aspects of convective boundary layer. [Sakura-mura], Ibaraki, Japan: Environmental Research Center University of Tsukuba, 1985.

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Lee, Chong Bum. Modelling and climatological aspects of convective boundary layer. Ibaraki, Japan: University of Tsukuba, Environmental Research Center, 1985.

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Chikira, Minoru. A numerical study on the green Sahara during the mid-Holocene: An impact of convection originating above boundary layer. [Tokyo, Japan]: Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, 2004.

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7

1955-, Emanuel Kerry A., and Raymond David J, eds. The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models. Boston, Mass: American Meteorological Society, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Gravity wave innitiated [sic] convection. Huntsville, Ala: University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1990.

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(Editor), David J. Raymond, ed. The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models (Meteorological Monographs (Amer Meteorological Soc)). American Meteorological Society, 1994.

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Barbour, Philip L. The use of conserved variables in the modeling and parameterization of shallow cumulus trade wind boundary layers. 1992.

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