Journal articles: 'Controls strategies'

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Kyle, Margaret K. "Pharmaceutical Price Controls and Entry Strategies." Review of Economics and Statistics 89, no. 1 (February 2007): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest.89.1.88.

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Flowers, John, and Lynda Hinxman. "Controls assurance: best practice implementation strategies." Facilities 19, no. 13/14 (December 2001): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02632770110409495.

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Singleton, Tommie. "Internal controls: Strategies for smaller companies." Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 19, no. 4 (2008): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.20400.

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Grigorieva, Ellina, and Evgenii Khailov. "Optimal Strategies for Psoriasis Treatment." Mathematical and Computational Applications 23, no. 3 (September 4, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca23030045.

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Within a given time interval we consider a nonlinear system of differential equations describing psoriasis treatment. Its phase variables define the concentrations of T-lymphocytes, keratinocytes and dendritic cells. Two scalar bounded controls are introduced into this system to reflect medication dosages aimed at suppressing interactions between T-lymphocytes and keratinocytes, and between T-lymphocytes and dendritic cells. For such a controlled system, a minimization problem of the concentration of keratinocytes at the terminal time is considered. For its analysis, the Pontryagin maximum principle is applied. As a result of this analysis, the properties of the optimal controls and their possible types are established. It is shown that each of these controls is either a bang-bang type on the entire time interval or (in addition to bang-bang type) contains a singular arc. The obtained analytical results are confirmed by numerical calculations using the software “BOCOP-2.0.5”. Their detailed analysis and the corresponding conclusions are presented.

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Dyment, John J. "STRATEGIES AND MANAGEMENT CONTROLS FOR GLOBAL CORPORATIONS." Journal of Business Strategy 7, no. 4 (February 1987): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb039172.

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Bridi, Kelen Patrícia Bürke, Ana Claudia M. Loredo-Souza, Adam Fijtman, Mirela Vasconcelos Moreno, Márcia Kauer-Sant'Anna, Keila Maria Mendes Ceresér, and Mauricio Kunz. "Differences in coping strategies in adult patients with bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives in comparison to healthy controls." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 40, no. 4 (December 2018): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0140.

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Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare patients with bipolar disorder (BD), their first-degree relatives and a group of healthy controls in terms of use of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, exploring differences between specific types of strategies and their correlations with clinical variables. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study enrolling 36 euthymic patients with BD, 39 of their first-degree relatives and 44 controls. Coping strategies were assessed using the Brief COPE scale. Results: Significant differences were detected in the use of adaptive and maladaptive strategies by patients, their first-degree relatives and controls. Patients used adaptive strategies less often than the patients’ relatives (p<0.001) and controls (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference between first-degree relatives and controls (p=0.707). In contrast, patients (p<0.001) and their relatives (p=0.004) both exhibited higher scores for maladaptive coping than controls. There was no significant difference regarding the use of maladaptive strategies between patients and their relatives (p=0.517). Conclusions: First-degree relatives were at an intermediate level between patients with BD and controls regarding the use of coping skills. This finding supports the development of psychosocial interventions to encourage use of adaptive strategies rather than maladaptive strategies in this population.

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Bhullar, Romel S. "Strategies for implementing advanced process controls in a distributed control system (DCS)." ISA Transactions 32, no. 2 (July 1993): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0019-0578(93)90037-w.

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Hamilton, Nicholas, Dennice Gayme, and Raúl Bayoán Cal. "Wind plant controls." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 14, no. 6 (November 2022): 060401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133996.

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The development of operational strategies for wind farms as an integrated plant system to achieve a variety of goals from elevating power production to reducing maintenance needs has generated a great deal of interest in recent years. Achieving these operational goals requires an estimate of the energy available and the wind conditions affecting each turbine. The importance of the aerodynamic interaction of wind turbines with the dynamic atmospheric resource means that wakes (the momentum deficit due to power extraction) and their interactions through the farm have the largest influence on the available energy. Predicting the influence of wakes and their interactions, therefore, form the basis of wind farm control strategies to reduce power production losses, track a power signal, mitigate structural loading, or balance the wear and tear on wind turbines to decrease operation and maintenance costs. The articles in the “Advances in Wind Plant Controls: Strategies, Implementation, and Validation” Special Topic in the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy describe the further development and evaluation of wake models and new approaches to wake steering that exploit advances in sensing or estimation to improve control performance.

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Rose, Carol M. "Rethinking Environmental Controls: Management Strategies for Common Resources." Duke Law Journal 1991, no. 1 (February 1991): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1372810.

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Giroux, Gary, and David Shields. "Accounting controls and bureaucratic strategies in municipal government." Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 12, no. 3 (September 1993): 239–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-4254(93)90029-b.

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Lepp, R. "ON APPROXIMATION OF OPTIMAL CONTROLS WITH DISCONTINUOUS STRATEGIES." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Physics. Mathematics 45, no. 2/3 (1996): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/phys.math.1996.2/3.09.

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Saltiel, C. "Control Strategies for Multistage Solar Collector Systems." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 110, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268262.

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A comparative study of the yearly performance of multistage solar collector systems, (comprised of more than one collector type) with a single on/off flow control strategy for all the collectors and separate on/off controls for each collector stage, is performed. Detailed numerical simulations under a range of climatic conditions showed that there is little advantage in using individual collector controls over a single on/off control strategy when the systems operate at low collector thresholds, but differences in system performance can be quite significant at high threshold values. In addition, the choice of the single control strategy (i.e., which collector the strategy is based on) at low thresholds is not critical in terms of system performance.

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Díaz, Gretel Sanabria, María del Rosario Torres, Jorge Iglesias, Raysil Mosquera, Vivian Reigosa, Elsa Santos, Agustín Lage, Nancy Estévez, and Lidice Galán. "Changes in Reading Strategies in School-Age Children." Spanish journal of psychology 12, no. 2 (November 2009): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600001827.

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Learning to read is one of the most important cognitive milestones in the human social environment. One of the most accepted models explaining such process is the Double-Route Cascaded Model. It suggests the existence of two reading strategies: lexical and sublexical. In the Spanish language there are some contradictions about how these strategies are applied for reading. In addition, there are only a few studies dealing with the analysis of shifts between them, achieving a fluent reading process. In this paper we use a reading task including words and pseudowords for characterizing the cost of shifting between reading strategies in children with developmental dyslexia and normal controls. Our results suggest the presence of both strategies in these two experimental groups. In controls, both strategies become more efficient in correspondence to the increased exposition to written material. However, in children with developmental dyslexia only the lexical strategy exhibits such improvement. Their also point to a low cost for shifting between strategies in controls and a much more significant one in children with developmental dyslexia, differentiating subgroups with distinct shifting patterns.

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Edward, Stephen, Nyimvua Shaban, and Eunice Mureithi. "Optimal Control of Shigellosis with Cost-Effective Strategies." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (August 28, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9732687.

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In this paper, we apply optimal control theory to the model for shigellosis. It is assumed that education campaign, sanitation, and treatment are the main controls for this disease. The aim is to minimize the number of infections resulting from contact with careers, infectious population, and contaminated environments while keeping the cost of associated controls minimum. We achieve this aim through the application of Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle. Numerical simulations are carried out by using both forward and backward in time fourth-order Runge-Kutta schemes. We simulate the model under different strategies to investigate which option could yield the best results. The findings show that the strategy combining all three control efforts (treatment, sanitation, and education campaign) proves to be more beneficial in containing shigellosis than the rest. On the other hand, cost-effectiveness analysis is performed via incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The findings from the ICER show that a strategy incorporating all three controls (treatment, sanitation, and education campaign) is the most cost-effective of all strategies considered in the study.

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Khan, Adnan, Sultan Sial, and Mudassar Imran. "Transmission Dynamics of Hepatitis C with Control Strategies." Journal of Computational Medicine 2014 (February 13, 2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/654050.

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We present a rigorous mathematical analysis of a deterministic model, for the transmission dynamics of hepatitis C, using a standard incidence function. The infected population is divided into three distinct compartments featuring two distinct infection stages (acute and chronic) along with an isolation compartment. It is shown that for basic reproduction number R0≤1, the disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable. The model also has an endemic equilibrium for R0>1. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses are carried out to identify and study the impact of critical parameters on R0. In addition, we have presented the numerical simulations to investigate the influence of different important parameters on R0. Since we have a locally stable endemic equilibrium, optimal control is applied to the deterministic model to reduce the total infected population. Two different optimal control strategies (vaccination and isolation) are designed to control the disease and reduce the infected population. Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle is used to characterize the optimal controls in terms of an optimality system which is solved numerically. Numerical results for the optimal controls are compared against the constant controls and their effectiveness is discussed.

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Abubakar, Sani Fakai, and M. O. Ibrahim. "Optimal Control Analysis of Treatment Strategies of the Dynamics of Cholera." Journal of Optimization 2022 (August 17, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2314104.

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A nine-compartment deterministic cholera model was formulated, and the model describes interactions between human, Vibrio cholerae bacteria, and the enviroment that warrant the interaction. Realities and socioeconomic burden influence spread and control mechanism of the disease. The model investigated some effective ways of hindering cholera outbreak and spread. The existence and uniqueness of solution of the system of equations that the model comprises were ascertained. The basic reproduction number R 0 of the model was obtained using “next-generation matrix” method, and the most sensitive parameters were identified using “normalised forward sensitivity index” method. Three controls, hygiene consciousness denoted by X1, cholera vaccine X2, and cholera awareness programme X3, were chosen. Optimal control theory is applied to ascertain the level of effect of the controls in reducing susceptible, exposed, infected individuals and causative pathogen population. Pontryagin’s maximum principle is used to prove the optimal solution of the model, and the optimal system was derived and numerically solved. Simulations were made with graphs that show the effects of the controls on susceptible, exposed, infected, and Vibrio cholerae population. The findings are that simultaneous application of the three controls can be one of the fast and effective ways of controlling cholera. If two controls are to be selected, hygiene consciousness and vaccine are the best combination.

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Airhart, Douglas L., Kathleen M. Airhart, and John Tristan. "Implementing Pest-control Strategies for Vocational and Therapeutic Greenhouses." HortTechnology 5, no. 2 (April 1995): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.2.182.

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Managers of greenhouses used in vocational training or therapeutic programs often face pesticide use restrictions due to medical safety codes, possible sensitivity due to client medications, frequent presence of patient groups, or the added risk of exposure to clients with limited awareness. This review of three horticultural therapy programs emphasizes the practice of preventive measures, manual controls, and limited chemical methods to discourage pest problems and outlines pest control strategies that may not be feasible in commercial greenhouses. The importance and application of integrated pest management and biological pest controls are discussed. Procedures and client activities for sanitation, cultural controls, pest monitoring, and safe application of spray solutions are presented. Client work habits and skills may be developed using the tasks suggested for pest control, and various skill competency levels may be incorporated into the management scheme. The need for client training and task accomplishment may encourage alternative labor-intensive pest-control methods in therapeutic greenhouses.

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Nakai, Masahiro. "Strategies for Quality Controls in Occupational Breast Cancer Screening." Nihon Nyugan Kenshin Gakkaishi (Journal of Japan Association of Breast Cancer Screening) 31, no. 1 (2022): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3804/jjabcs.31.53.

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Oleniuk, P., M. Di Cosmo, V. Kasampalis, D. Nisbet, B. Todd, and S. Uznański. "Test strategies for industrial testers for converter controls equipment." Journal of Instrumentation 12, no. 04 (April 3, 2017): C04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/04/c04006.

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Lee, Sungock, Hangil Jung, Dohyeong Jeong, and Hoekyung Jung. "INVESTIGATING COMPUTER LEARNERS’ STRATEGIES ON COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL CONTROLS." Far East Journal of Electronics and Communications 18, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/ec018010173.

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Nájera, Jorge, Hugo Mendonça, Rosa de Castro, and Jaime Arribas. "Strategies Comparison for Voltage Unbalance Mitigation in LV Distribution Networks Using EV Chargers." Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030289.

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The increasing penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in LV distribution networks can potentially cause voltage quality issues such as voltage unbalance and under-voltage conditions. According to the EV charger characteristics, some strategies can be adopted to mitigate the aforementioned effects. Smart decentralized charging controls seem to be a more practical solution than centralized controls, since there is no need for communication because they rely only on local measurements. The four most relevant decentralized charging strategies, two for single-phase and two for three-phase EV chargers, have been implemented in a typical three-phase four-wire European LV distribution network. Simulations have been carried out for scenarios with single-phase EV chargers, three-phase EV chargers, and a combination of both. Single-phase controls are aimed at under-voltage regulation, while three-phase controls are focused on mitigating voltage unbalance. Results show that the implementation of a decentralized EV charging control is an adequate solution for Distribution System Operators (DSOs) since it improves the reliability and security of the network. Moreover, even though decentralized charging control does not use any communication, the combination of three-phase and single-phase controls is able to mitigate voltage unbalance while preventing the under-voltage condition.

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Jeong, Yong Dam, Kwang Su Kim, and Il Hyo Jung. "Optimal Control Strategies Depending on Interest Level for the Spread of Rumor." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9158014.

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Many media channels such as broadcast, newspaper, and social networks diffuse a variety of information which can cause spread of many rumors. There are social damage and economic damage due to the spread of rumors. Thus one needs to establish strategies for controlling the rumors. We first propose rumor model with three control strategies for preventing the spread of rumor, (1) announcing the truth before ignorant receives rumor, (2) punishing spreaders, and (3) deleting information of the rumor in media, and consider optimal control problems to minimize the number of spreaders while minimizing the cost of three control strategies for preventing the spread of rumors. The analysis of optimal control problems is conducted as Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle. Furthermore, adapted optimal control is performed to investigate the effect of three controls under isoperimetric constraints. By using numerical simulations, we compare the number of spreaders before and after applying the three controls and confirm when and how each control should be applied with respect to the interest level of rumor. The lower the interest level of rumor is, the greater the number of spreaders drops after the three controls are applied. In terms of timing of three controls, control (1) should be applied in the early stage of rumor spreading and control (2) is required when the rumors spread the most. After the rumors spread the most, control (3) is needed. Commonly the higher the interest level is, the more controls (1) and (2) are required. On the other hand, control (3) is needed a lot when the interest level is low.

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Sh. Aziz, Mothanna, and Ahmed G. Abdullah. "Hybrid control strategies of SVC for reactive power compensation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i2.pp563-571.

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<span>This article shows a prospective utilizations of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controls, like the static VAR compensator (SVC). One of the major motives for setting up an SVC is to recover dynamic voltage controller and thus increase system load aptitude. Static VAR compensator system proposed in this work consists of thyristor switched capacitor and thyristor controlled reactor sets, this style of SVC modelled using MATLAB simulink toolbox. A hybrid genetic algorithm with PI and fuzzy logic controls that used to control and expand the grid performance of the power system. The model results reveal that the Static Var Compensation contribute a decent result in upholding bus voltage after the power network is in an active and steady moment, besides it has a capability of the constancy control. It can totally work as a significant plan of reactive power recompense in power networks. </span>

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Lode, K., E. Bru, G. Klevan, KM Myhr, H. Nyland, and JP Larsen. "Depressive symptoms and coping in newly diagnosed patients with multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 15, no. 5 (March 19, 2009): 638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458509102313.

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Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with unclear etiology, unpredictable clinical course, and no cure. Patients’ ability to cope with MS moderates the adaptation to the disease. Objectives To compare coping in patients recently diagnosed with MS and healthy controls and to study the association between depressive symptoms and patients' coping styles. Methods A sample of 86 recently diagnosed patients with definite or probable MS and 93 healthy population controls completed questionnaires assessing coping styles and depressive symptoms. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with MS used significantly less the problem focused strategies including planning, restraint coping, and seeking social support for instrumental reasons, and they used less the emotion-focused strategies seeking social support for emotional reasons, focusing on and venting of emotions, and positive reinterpretation and growth. The mean Beck Depressive symptoms Inventory scores were 10.8 and 4.7 in patients and controls, respectively. In stress situations connected to MS, depressive symptoms in these patients were related to the problem-focused strategies of restraint coping and planning, the emotion-focused strategy of focusing on and venting of emotions, and the avoidance strategies of behavioral- and mental disengagements, and denial.

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Viton, JM, L. Mouchnino, M. L. Mille, M. Cincera, A. Delarque, A. Pedotti, A. Bardot, and J. Massion. "Equilibrium and movement control strategies in transtibial amputees." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 24, no. 2 (August 2000): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640008726533.

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This study was aimed at identifying changes in equilibrium and movement control strategies in transtibial amputees (TTA) related to both the biomechanical changes and the loss of afferent inflow. The coordinations between equilibrium and movement were studied in traumatical TTA and in controls during transition from bipedal to monopodal stance. TTA failed to perform the task in a high percentage of trials both when the sound and the prosthetic limb were supporting. Significant differences were also found between TTA and controls in the duration of the weight transfer phase, in the length of the initial centre of pressure (CP) displacement and in the electromyographic (EMG) patterns. Despite adaptive posturomotor control strategies, transition from bipedal to monopodal stance remains a difficult task to perform for TTA, both when the supporting limb is the affected one and when the sound one is. The results of this study are discussed with respect to the rehabilitation programme and the prosthesis design for transtibial amputees.

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Whitehead, C. M. E., M. Harloe, and A. Bovaird. "Prospects and Strategies for Housing in the Private Rented Sector." Journal of Social Policy 14, no. 2 (April 1985): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400014495.

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AbstractThis second article examines the future of the private rented sector in terms of the types of household that will continue to demand accommodation, the types of landlord that will be prepared to continue to let and the match between the requirements of the two groups. It is predicted that, under present policies, the sector will continue to decline but that the problems that will arise will come more from the mismatch between demand and supply than from the absolute size of the sector. The article then examines possible policies that might help to alleviate these problems. It argues that neither a completely free market system nor strengthening existing controls is likely to prove acceptable. Finally, it suggests a number of possible ways forward within a system of partial controls.

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Yuan, Jing-Dong. "The Future of Export Controls: Developing New Strategies for Nonproliferation." International Politics 39, no. 2 (June 2002): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ip.8897384.

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Sancetta, Constance. "Laminated diatomaceous sediments: controls on formation and strategies for analysis." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 116, no. 1 (1996): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1996.116.01.03.

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Connor, D. J., T. J. Sandy, D. P. Salmon, D. Galasko, and L. H. Thal. "Strategies of word production in AD, LBV, and elderly controls." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 12, no. 4 (January 1, 1997): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/12.4.301a.

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Aniţa, Laura-Iulia, Sebastian Aniţa, and Costică Moroşanu. "Optimal strategies to diminish a pest population via bilinear controls." Applied Mathematics Letters 40 (February 2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2014.09.003.

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COULOMB, JEAN MICHEL, and VLADIMIR GAITSGORY. "ON A CLASS OF NASH EQUILIBRIA WITH MEMORY STRATEGIES FOR NONZERO-SUM DIFFERENTIAL GAMES." International Game Theory Review 02, no. 02n03 (June 2000): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021919890000010x.

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A two-player nonzero-sum differential game is considered. Given a pair of threat payoff functions, we characterise a set of pairs of acceptable feedback controls. Any such pair induces a history-dependent Nash δ-equilibrium as follows: the players agree to use the acceptable controls unless one of them deviates. If this happens, a feedback control punishment is implemented. The problem of finding a pair of "acceptable" controls is significantly simpler than the problem of finding a feedback control Nash equilibrium. Moreover, the former may have a solution in case the latter does not. In addition, if there is a feedback control Nash equilibrium, then our technique gives a subgame perfect Nash δ-equilibrium that might improve the payoff function for at least one player.

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Nyerere, Nkuba, Livingstone S. Luboobi, Saul C. Mpeshe, and Gabriel M. Shirima. "Optimal Control Strategies for the Infectiology of Brucellosis." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2020 (May 11, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1214391.

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Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Gram-negative bacteria of genus Brucella. The disease is of public health, veterinary, and economic significance in most of the developed and developing countries. Direct contact between susceptible and infective animals or their contaminated products are the two major routes of the disease transmission. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of controls of livestock vaccination, gradual culling through slaughter of seropositive cattle and small ruminants, environmental hygiene and sanitation, and personal protection in humans on the transmission dynamics of Brucellosis. The necessary conditions for an optimal control problem are rigorously analyzed using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The main ambition is to minimize the spread of brucellosis disease in the community as well as the costs of control strategies. Findings showed that the effective use of livestock vaccination, gradual culling through slaughter of seropositive cattle and small ruminants, environmental hygiene and sanitation, and personal protection in humans have a significant impact in minimizing the disease spread in livestock and human populations. Moreover, cost-effectiveness analysis of the controls showed that the combination of livestock vaccination, gradual culling through slaughter, environmental sanitation, and personal protection in humans has high impact and lower cost of prevention.

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Daker-White, G., and D. Barlow. "Heterosexual gonorrhoea at St Thomas'I: patient characteristics and implications for targeted STD and HIV prevention strategies." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971918733.

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This paper compares the socio-demographic characteristics of patients with gonorrhoea with a control group of other attendees to an inner-London genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic. Between 16 May and 21 December 1994 inclusive there were 312 culture-confirmed heterosexually-acquired cases of Neisseria gonorrheae treated in our clinic: 192 (61.54%) men and 120 (38.46%) women. There were significant differences between the population of cases and controls. Both male (z=- 5.36, P< 0.001) and female (z=- 6.6, P< 0.001) cases were younger than controls. Cases were more likely to be black African-Caribbean than were controls and these differences were more marked in men ( =47.85, P< 0.001). Cases were also more likely to reside in south London postal districts than were controls 2 ( =24.98, P< 0.001). The implications of these findings for targeted health interventions are discussed and we suggest avenues for further work. 2

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Sgoifo, Annalisa, Maria Raffaella Marazzi, Emanuela Laura Susani, Lorenzo Saraceno, Maria Grazia Esposito, Concetta Campagna, Elio Agostoni, and Alessandra Protti. "Fragiles but Resilient. The Key Strategies to Cope with Pandemic in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis. A Controlled Web Survey." Journal of Neurological Research and Therapy 3, no. 4 (June 1, 2022): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-22-4106.

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Background SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represented an unexpected psychological stress, being a major threat to health and limiting daily’s life, especially for the fragile population. How could the people with (pw) Multiple Sclerosis (MS) cope with this emergency? Objective To observe the pwMS’s psychological reaction in comparison with non affected persons and to evaluate the impact of lifestyle changes on psychological symptoms, due to the pandemic. Methods The study was observational, retrospective, controlled, focused on good clinical practice and conducted at Niguarda Hospital. PwMS and controls filled a web survey containing anamnestic data, habits, depression and anxiety self-questionnaires. The primary outcome was the pwMS’s psychological anxiety and depression score compared with controls. Results On April, 10 2020, 88/165 pwMS and 187 controls joined the study. Unexpectedly, no significant differences between groups were observed for depression mean score: 6.6(5.2) in pwMS and 6.2(4.8) in controls and for anxiety: 5.9(4.8) and 5.0(4.2). PwMS focused on health concern more often than controls, but they respected the restrictions more easily and benefited from practical activities more than controls. Conclusion PwMS showed a proper psychological resilience in comparison with controls. These findings might guide the clinical interviews and suggest both the areas to be supported and the strengths to be promoted in pwMS.

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Callaway, Stephen K., and Sandeep B. Jagani. "The impact of banks’ entrepreneurial orientation on strategic control systems." American Journal of Business 30, no. 1 (April 7, 2015): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajb-10-2013-0067.

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Purpose – An organization’s entrepreneurial orientation will relate directly to its efficiency strategies, market development strategies (growth), and its product development strategies (innovation). A firm will develop appropriate strategic control systems according to these chosen strategies. In order to be competitive and balance efficiency, growth and innovation strategies, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the most appropriate strategic controls to implement these strategies. Design/methodology/approach – The eight variables under study were measured using 22 psychometric survey items obtained from responses of 101 FDIC-registered banks. Findings – The results show a more entrepreneurial orientation is associated with an efficiency strategy, a market development strategy, and a product development strategy. The efficiency strategy was not associated with formal controls, contrary to expectations. A market development strategy was associated with formal rules, but was not found to be associated with formal targets. Finally, product development strategies was associated with all four strategic control archetypes. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of this study is that, it only examined banking institutions, and did not consider long-term financial performance implications. This paper supports and extends current research pertaining to company key success factors. Success requires effectively balancing cost reduction objectives, growth objectives, and innovation objectives, in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. A more entrepreneurial orientation necessitates a focus on innovation, traditional growth patterns, as well as cost cutting. Originality/value – This paper demonstrates that an organization’s entrepreneurial orientation will relate directly to its efficiency, growth, and innovation strategies. Also, it finds the most effective strategic controls to implement these strategies.

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FORSYTH, PETER A. "TWO STAGE DECUMULATION STRATEGIES FOR DC PLAN INVESTORS." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 24, no. 01 (February 2021): 2150007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024921500072.

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Optimal stochastic control methods are used to examine decumulation strategies for a defined contribution (DC) plan retiree. An initial investment horizon of 15 years is considered, since the retiree will attain this age with high probability. The objective function reward measure is the expected sum of the withdrawals. The objective function tail risk measure is the expected linear shortfall with respect to a desired lower bound for wealth at 15 years. The lower bound wealth level is the amount which is required to fund a lifelong annuity 15 years after retirement, which generates the required minimum cash flows. This ameliorates longevity risk. The controls are the withdrawal amount each year, and the asset allocation strategy. Maximum and minimum withdrawal amounts are specified. Specifying a short initial decumulation horizon, results in the optimal strategy achieving: (i) median withdrawals at the maximum rate within 2–3 years of retirement (ii) terminal wealth larger than the desired lower bound at 15 years, with greater than [Formula: see text] probability and (iii) median terminal wealth at 15 years considerably larger than the desired lower bound. The controls are computed using a parametric model of historical stock and bond returns, and then tested in bootstrap resampled simulations using historical data. At the 15 year investment horizon, the retiree has the option of (i) continuing to self-manage the decumulation policy or (ii) purchasing an annuity.

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Lennartsson, Freda. "Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly: Prevention Strategies in Child Health Care." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 3946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123946.

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The dissertation, comprising a clinical intervention and three supporting studies, aimed to assess if it is possible to prevent nonsynostotic plagiocephaly while promoting safe infant sleeping practices. Five individuals were trained to assess cranial asymmetry and then reliability-tested; the interpreted results indicate substantial strength of rater-agreement. Intervention participants were allocated to group. Only intervention group nurses participated in the continuing education on plagiocephaly developed for nurses. A survey compared information intervention and control group parents received from nurses; intervention group parents were significantly more aware of recommendations than the controls. Nurse education was evaluated by asking intervention and control group nurses and parents two open-ended questions; the intervention group reported new re-positioning strategies. The effect of the intervention on cranial shape was evaluated by assessing asymmetry at 2, 4, and 12 months (176 intervention group; 92 controls). It was nine times more common that cranial asymmetry at two months reversed by four months when parents were aware of written recommendations from their nurse (OR = 9.09 [0.02; 0.48], p = 0.004) when adjusted for group. An infant’s risk of asymmetry persisting until 12 months was significantly reduced in the intervention group (RR = 0.35 [0.13; 0.94], p = 0.03). Preventing brachycephaly was difficult. Conclusions: the assessors were considered reliable; educating nurses promoted the integration of new recommendations in practice; the intervention was associated with early reversal of nonsynostotic plagiocephaly.

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Soubieux, Annaelle, Marie Palamini, Cynthia Tanguay, and Jean-François Bussières. "Evaluation of decontamination strategies for cyclophosphamide." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155219865931.

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Purpose The main objective was to determine the efficacy of various types of cleaning equipment and products after deliberate contamination with cyclophosphamide. The secondary objective was to test various cleaning scenarios using these equipment and products. Methods The study had two phases: testing of cleaning equipment (wipe : woven microfibers – Hygen®, two layers of non-woven microfibres and an inner layer of highly absorbent viscose fibres – MicronSolo®, two layers of non-woven microfibres and an inner layer of highly absorbent viscose fibres – MicroMix®, simili-tissu (low filament production) – Tork® and, mop : woven microfibers – Hygen®, microfibre and viscose – MicroOne®) and products (disinfectant : quaternary ammonium – DR100®, chlorine 0.1% – Zochlor® – Brutab® – PCS® NPH, sodium hypochlorite 2%, cleaner : detergent – Nu- Action 3®, cleaner and disinfectant: sodium hypochlorite 0.6% + detergent – Aliflex® and water) in phase 1 and testing of various cleaning procedures in phase 2. Specific areas of a room with a laminar flow hood (class II/type B2) were contaminated with 10 mcg of cyclophosphamide. Different types of surfaces were cleaned with various scenarios and the remaining cyclophosphamide was measured by the Institut national de santé publique du Québec. All tests were performed in triplicate. Results A total of 189 samples were obtained: 42 negative controls and positive controls, 54 during phase 1 and 93 during phase 2. All products were more than 96.5% effective. The 0.1% chlorines were the most effective products. Cleaning procedures with two or three products had average cleaning efficacies of 99.94–99.99%. Efficacy increased with the number of successive cleanings. When two products were used, the average cleaning efficacy varied between 99.78% and 99.98%, depending on the surface. Conclusion All cleaning products tested reduced cyclophosphamide contamination by more than 96.58%. Cleaning efficacy increased with successive cleaning. No scenario was effective in removing 100% of traces. Additional studies with larger samples should be conducted to confirm these results.

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Breiten, Tobias, Karl Kunisch, and Laurent Pfeiffer. "Control strategies for the Fokker−Planck equation." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 24, no. 2 (April 2018): 741–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2017046.

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Using a projection-based decoupling of the Fokker−Planck equation, control strategies that allow to speed up the convergence to the stationary distribution are investigated. By means of an operator theoretic framework for a bilinear control system, two different feedback control laws are proposed. Projected Riccati and Lyapunov equations are derived and properties of the associated solutions are given. The well-posedness of the closed loop systems is shown and local and global stabilization results, respectively, are obtained. An essential tool in the construction of the controls is the choice of appropriate control shape functions. Results for a two dimensional double well potential illustrate the theoretical findings in a numerical setup.

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Boccagno, Chelsea, and Jill M. Hooley. "Emotion Regulation Strategy Choices Following Aversive Self-Awareness in People with Nonsuicidal Self-Injury or Indirect Self-Injury." Journal of Emotion and Psychopathology 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55913/joep.v1i1.3.

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Emotion regulation difficulties are implicated prominently in self-injury. Additionally, emotion regulation strategy selection is a core component of the emotion regulation process. Yet it is unclear how people who engage in different forms of self-injury attempt to regulate negative affect when multiple strategies are available to them. This laboratory-based study examined emotion regulation strategy choices in individuals who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (n=40), indirect forms of self-injury (disordered eating and problematic substance use; n=46), and controls (n=48). Following a self-relevant stressor (negative autobiographical memory recall), participants selected one of six strategies based on what they believed would most effectively alter their affect. Strategies spanned behavioral (physical pain, a snack, word activity) and non-behavioral (rumination, reappraisal, doing nothing) domains. Compared to controls, individuals who engage in NSSI and indirect self-injury were more likely to select behavioral strategies. In addition, people with NSSI and indirect self-injury were more likely than controls to choose physical pain and less likely to ruminate. Findings indicate that people with direct and indirect forms of self-injury alike are more likely to take action than engage in further thought when experiencing aversive self-awareness, even when cognitive strategies are made salient. Results illuminate intervention targets for these clinical populations.

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Schopp, Laura H., Brick R. Johnstone, and Octave C. Merveille. "Multidimensional telecare strategies for rural residents with brain injury." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 6, no. 1_suppl (February 2000): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633001934474.

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Rural residents with brain injury have difficulty in accessing care from qualified psychologists for consequent cognitive, emotional and behavioural symptoms. We examined high-quality videoconferencing to enhance care for persons with brain injury in three areas: cognitive assessment, psychotherapy and rural mental health training. The assessment study evaluated 52 outpatients seen for diagnostic visits over videoconferencing, and compared their experiences with those of 52 age- and diagnosis-matched controls seen in person. Persons seen via telemedicine were more likely than controls to want to repeat their experience and more satisfied than were the neuropsychologists who examined them. In the psychotherapy study, neurorehabilitation patients were seen via videoconferencing for therapy related to brain injury or stroke. Persons receiving psychotherapy were less likely than persons receiving assessment services to want to repeat their experience. In the training study, 39 rural mental health providers were trained via videoconferencing, and trainees demonstrated significant improvement on tests of knowledge about brain injury. Trainees formed a network of mental health provider referrals for persons with brain injury in a wide geographic area. Given adequate training and ongoing support, rural clinicians can treat many brain-injury adjustment issues locally, reserving specialist consultation for emergency or complex problems.

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Чернов, Андрей Владимирович, and Andrey Chernov. "On Stackelberg equilibrium in the sense of program strategies in Volterra functional operator games." Mathematical Game Theory and Applications 14, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.17076/mgta_2022_2_53.

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For a nonlinear Volterra functional operator equation controlled by two players with the help of finite dimensional program controls with integral objective functionals we prove existence of Stackelberg equilibrium (in the style of M.S.Nikol'skiy). On this way we use our formerly proved results on continuous dependence of the state and functionals on finite dimensional controls and also classical Weierstrass theorem. The property of being singleton for the minimizer set of the first player is proved by the scheme of M.S. Nikol'skiy applied earlier for a linear ordinary differential equation.

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McHenry, Monica A. "The Effect of Pacing Strategies on the Variability of Speech Movement Sequences in Dysarthria." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46, no. 3 (June 2003): 702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/055).

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There are many potential sources of variability in speech production, particularly in individuals with dysarthria. The degree and time course of stabilization of the speech production system during recovery from a neurological insult is not constant across individuals. Another source of variability in speech production is speaking rate. Although individuals with no neurological impairments typically show increased variability at reduced speaking rates, this phenomenon has not been explored extensively in individuals with dysarthria. Because rate control strategies are commonly used in dysarthria treatment, it is of clinical importance to know if individuals with dysarthria produce less variable speech with rate reduction. Six individuals with mild dysarthria, 6 with moderate-to-severe dysarthria, and 6 matched normal controls repeated an utterance in four speaking rate conditions: habitual, fast, breaks between words, and stretched. Data were analyzed using the spatiotemporal index (STI), a composite measure of spatial and temporal variability across token repetitions. The normal controls consistently demonstrated the least variability, regardless of rate condition. Both groups with dysarthria were the least variable in the stretched condition and the most variable in the fast condition. The STI values of the group with moderate-to-severe dysarthria were significantly different from both the individuals with mild dysarthria and the normal controls. There were no significant differences between the group with mild dysarthria and the normal controls. In general, slowing the speaking rate in individuals with dysarthria reduces spatiotemporal variability; however, the effect of reduced spatiotemporal variability on intelligibility requires further investigation.

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Saada, Youssef, E. M. Yahyaoui, Nadia Ouadoudi, Rachid Skouri, and Adelmajid Daya. "Mathematical Simulation Methods to Evaluate the Effects of Actions on Conditional Preventive Maintenance of Complex Systems." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 35 (March 2018): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.35.38.

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In this work, we propose two mathematical simulation methods to evaluate the results of conditional preventive maintenance strategies based on controls and inspections with optimal performance. In order to have an optimal availability of the equipment in question, the evaluation of the maintenance strategies associated with the controls will be treated by the method of the fault trees based on the decision binary diagram with the calculation engine ALBIZIA. The maintenance performance associated with inspections will be determined by Petri networks coupled with the Monte Carlo method.

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Ogunlade, Samson T., Michael T. Meehan, Adeshina I. Adekunle, Diana P. Rojas, Oyelola A. Adegboye, and Emma S. McBryde. "A Review: Aedes-Borne Arboviral Infections, Controls and Wolbachia-Based Strategies." Vaccines 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010032.

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Arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) continue to generate significant health and economic burdens for people living in endemic regions. Of these viruses, some of the most important (e.g., dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever virus), are transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. Over the years, viral infection control has targeted vector population reduction and inhibition of arboviral replication and transmission. This control includes the vector control methods which are classified into chemical, environmental, and biological methods. Some of these control methods may be largely experimental (both field and laboratory investigations) or widely practised. Perceptively, one of the biological methods of vector control, in particular, Wolbachia-based control, shows a promising control strategy for eradicating Aedes-borne arboviruses. This can either be through the artificial introduction of Wolbachia, a naturally present bacterium that impedes viral growth in mosquitoes into heterologous Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors (vectors that are not natural hosts of Wolbachia) thereby limiting arboviral transmission or via Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, which naturally harbour Wolbachia infection. These strategies are potentially undermined by the tendency of mosquitoes to lose Wolbachia infection in unfavourable weather conditions (e.g., high temperature) and the inhibitory competitive dynamics among co-circulating Wolbachia strains. The main objective of this review was to critically appraise published articles on vector control strategies and specifically highlight the use of Wolbachia-based control to suppress vector population growth or disrupt viral transmission. We retrieved studies on the control strategies for arboviral transmissions via arthropod vectors and discussed the use of Wolbachia control strategies for eradicating arboviral diseases to identify literature gaps that will be instrumental in developing models to estimate the impact of these control strategies and, in essence, the use of different Wolbachia strains and features.

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Naz, M. Y., M. Bou-Rabee, S. Shukrullah, A. Ghaffar, A. Gungor, and S. A. Sulaiman. "A review of hybrid energy technologies tenets, controls and combinational strategies." Cleaner Engineering and Technology 5 (December 2021): 100340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100340.

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Chang, Chia-Wei, and Jaw-Kuen Shiau. "Quadrotor Formation Strategies Based on Distributed Consensus and Model Predictive Controls." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 2246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112246.

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In this study, the distributed consensus control and model predictive control (MPC)-based formation strategies for quadrotors are proposed. First, the formation-control problem is decoupled into horizontal and vertical motions. The distributed consensus control and MPC-based formation strategy are implemented in the follower’s horizontal formation control. In the horizontal motion, the leader tracks the given waypoints by simply using the MPC, and generates the desired formation trajectory for each follower based on its flight information, predicted trajectory, and the given formation pattern. On the other hand, the followers carry out the formation flight based on the proposed horizontal formation strategy and the desired formation trajectories generated by the leader. In the vertical motion, formation control is carried out using only the MPC for both the leader and the follower. Likewise, the leader tracks the desired altitude/climb rate and generates the desired formation trajectories for the followers, and the followers track the desired formation trajectories generated by the leader using the MPC. The optimization problem considered in the MPC differs for the horizontal and vertical motions. The problem is formulated as a quadratic programming (QP) problem for the horizontal motion, and as a linear quadratic tracker (LQT) for the vertical motion. Simulation of a comprehensive maneuver was carried out under a Matlab/Simulink environment to examine the performance of the proposed formation strategies.

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Ogunlade, Samson T., Michael T. Meehan, Adeshina I. Adekunle, Diana P. Rojas, Oyelola A. Adegboye, and Emma S. McBryde. "A Review: Aedes-Borne Arboviral Infections, Controls and Wolbachia-Based Strategies." Vaccines 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010032.

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Arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) continue to generate significant health and economic burdens for people living in endemic regions. Of these viruses, some of the most important (e.g., dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever virus), are transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. Over the years, viral infection control has targeted vector population reduction and inhibition of arboviral replication and transmission. This control includes the vector control methods which are classified into chemical, environmental, and biological methods. Some of these control methods may be largely experimental (both field and laboratory investigations) or widely practised. Perceptively, one of the biological methods of vector control, in particular, Wolbachia-based control, shows a promising control strategy for eradicating Aedes-borne arboviruses. This can either be through the artificial introduction of Wolbachia, a naturally present bacterium that impedes viral growth in mosquitoes into heterologous Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors (vectors that are not natural hosts of Wolbachia) thereby limiting arboviral transmission or via Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, which naturally harbour Wolbachia infection. These strategies are potentially undermined by the tendency of mosquitoes to lose Wolbachia infection in unfavourable weather conditions (e.g., high temperature) and the inhibitory competitive dynamics among co-circulating Wolbachia strains. The main objective of this review was to critically appraise published articles on vector control strategies and specifically highlight the use of Wolbachia-based control to suppress vector population growth or disrupt viral transmission. We retrieved studies on the control strategies for arboviral transmissions via arthropod vectors and discussed the use of Wolbachia control strategies for eradicating arboviral diseases to identify literature gaps that will be instrumental in developing models to estimate the impact of these control strategies and, in essence, the use of different Wolbachia strains and features.

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Dabbagh, Mohammad, and Moncef Krarti. "Optimal Control Strategies for Switchable Transparent Insulation Systems Applied to Smart Windows for US Residential Buildings." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 2917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102917.

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This paper evaluates the potential energy use and peak demand savings associated with optimal controls of switchable transparent insulation systems (STIS) applied to smart windows for US residential buildings. The optimal controls are developed based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) to identify the automatic settings of the dynamic shades. First, switchable insulation systems and their operation mechanisms are briefly described when combined with smart windows. Then, the GA-based optimization approach is outlined to operate switchable insulation systems applied to windows for a prototypical US residential building. The optimized controls are implemented to reduce heating and cooling energy end-uses for a house located four US locations, during three representative days of swing, summer, and winter seasons. The performance of optimal controller is compared to that obtained using simplified rule-based control sets to operate the dynamic insulation systems. The analysis results indicate that optimized controls of STISs can save up to 81.8% in daily thermal loads compared to the simplified rule-set especially when dwellings are located in hot climates such as that of Phoenix, AZ. Moreover, optimally controlled STISs can reduce electrical peak demand by up to 49.8% compared to the simplified rule-set, indicating significant energy efficiency and demand response potentials of the SIS technology when applied to US residential buildings.

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Malloy, Thomas E., Christine Mitchell, and Oakley E. Gordon. "Training Cognitive Strategies Underlying Intelligent Problem Solving." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 3_suppl (June 1987): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.3c.1039.

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Cognitive strategies underlying excellent performance of intelligent people on the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test were used to develop a teaching package. 24 subjects in a Cognitive Strategies group were trained using this teaching package. An Exposure group of 17 subjects were not trained but solved all the examples of puzzles in the package. A Control group, with 13 subjects, received no intervention. Subjects were pre- and posttested on matrix solving ability and were posttested on a Piagetian multiplicative classification task. The Cognitive Strategies group showed the greatest improvement pre- to posttest, followed by the Exposure group and then the Control group. The Cognitive Strategies group was superior to both controls on the Piagetian task, indicating a broad improvement in cognitive functioning.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Controls strategies'

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